T-V: Taylor through Von Steinwehr

Source: The Union Army, Federal Publishing Company

Taylor, George W., brigadier-general, was a native of Clinton, Hunterdon county, New Jersey, and was born in 1808. At the age of nineteen he entered the navy as a midshipman, but after a three years' cruise settled in New Jersey as a farmer. In the Mexican war he served first as lieutenant and afterward as captain in the 10th U. S. infantry. After the close of that war he resided for three years in California and then returned to his native state, where he engaged in mining and manufacturing. At the commencement of the Civil war he was commissioned colonel of the 3d New Jersey infantry, which, under Brigadier-General Runyon, formed a part of the reserve at Bull Run. When the three months' men were mustered out of the service he reorganized his regiment, returned to the army and was attached to the Army of the Potomac when it went to the Peninsula. After the battle of West Point General Kearny was made a division commander, Colonel Taylor was placed in charge of the 1st brigade of New Jersey volunteers, and on May 9, 1862, received his commission as brigadier-general of volunteers. In the hard fighting that followed before Richmond he performed his part manfully, and when the army returned to the Potomac he was prompt and ready with his brigade in the sharp battles southwest of Washington. He died in Alexandria, Virginia, September 1, 1862, of wounds received at the second battle of Bull Run.

Taylor, Joseph P., brigadier-general, was born in the state of Kentucky, and from that state entered the regular army service at the time of the war of 1812. He became third lieutenant in the 28th U. S. infantry in May, 1813, second lieutenant in the same regiment in August, first lieutenant in July, 1814, and was honorably discharged from the service June 15, 1815. He was reinstated in the service as a second lieutenant of U. S. artillery in May, 1816, with brevet of first lieutenant from July 15, 1814, promoted to first lieutenant on November 24, 1817, transferred to the 3d artillery on June 1, 1821, and was promoted to captain in the same on July 6, 1825. He was transferred to the 2nd artillery March 18, 1829, and remained with that regiment until July 7, 1838, acting as commissary of subsistence with the rank of captain, and was promoted to major July 7, 1838, He became lieutenant-colonel and assistant commissary-general of subsistence in the U. S. army November 30, 1841, and was brevetted colonel for meritorious conduct, particularly in the performance of his duties in the prosecution of the war with Mexico. He was commissioned colonel and commissary-general of subsistence on September 29. 1861, and was promoted to brigadier-general and commissary-general of subsistence, U. S. A., on February 9, 1863. General Taylor served in this capacity until his death, which occurred at Washington, D. C, on June 29, 1864.

Taylor, Nelson, brigadier-general, was born in South Norwalk, Connecticut, June 8, 1821. He received a common-school education and removed to New York city, where, on August 1, 1846, he joined the army as a captain in the 1st New York infantry (known as Colonel Stevenson's regiment), which was ordered to California just before the Mexican war. He served through the war and at its close settled in Stockton, California. In 1849 he was elected a state senator; in 1855, sheriff of San Joaquin county; and in 1850-56 was president of the board of trustees of the state insane asylum. He returned to New York city, where he began studying law in 1857, and was graduated at the Harvard law school in 1860. In 1861 he was commissioned colonel of the 72nd New York infantry, which was attached to General Sickles' brigade during the Peninsular campaign, and in General Pope's Page 266 campaign he commanded the brigade. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers on September 7, 1862, but resigned on January 19, 1863, returned to New York city and engaged in law practice. In 1864 he was elected to Congress as a Democrat and during his term, which expired March 3, 1867, he served on the committees on freedmen and invalid pensions. About 1880 he returned to his birthplace, where he practiced law, was city attorney for several years and held other municipal offices. General Taylor died at South Norwalk, Connecticut, on January 16, 1894.

Terrill, William R., brigadier-general, was a native of Virginia, born about 1832 and appointed from that state a cadet at the military academy, where he graduated in 1853 and was immediately appointed brevet second lieutenant of the 3d artillery, from which he was transferred to the 4th artillery in November following as second lieutenant. In 1855 he was appointed assistant professor of mathematics at West Point. In 1856 he was promoted to a first lieutenancy and in May, 1861, was appointed captain in the 5th artillery and assigned to duty on the coast survey. He soon afterward raised a regiment of volunteers, was sent to Kentucky, where he commanded a battery in General McCook's division, was transferred to the command of a brigade and for his gallant and meritorious conduct at the battle of Shiloh was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, his commission bearing date September 9, 1862. At the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862, he was killed while urging forward his brigade against the enemy.

Terry, Alfred H., major-general, was born at Hartford, Connecticut, November 10. 1827. After a partial course at the Yale law school he began the practice of law in 1849 and served from 1854 to 1860 as clerk of the superior and supreme courts of his state. When the Civil war broke out he took the field at once with the 2nd Conn. militia, of which he had been in command for seven years. On the expiration of the three months for which his regiment had been called out by President Lincoln he organized the 7th Conn, infantry and led it to the front as colonel. He assisted in General Thomas W. Sherman's expedition against Port Royal in 1862 and was soon afterward made brigadier-general of volunteers in reward for his services at Fort Pulaski. From 1862 to 1864 he took part in the operations against Charleston, Forts Sumter, Wagner and Gregg, on James island and Stono river, and as an officer in the Army of the James was engaged at Chester Station, Drewry's bluff, Bermuda Hundred, Deep Bottom, Fussel's mill, Petersburg, Fort Harrison, New Market road and Williamsburg road. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers August 20. 1864. In January, 1865, he performed one of the most brilliant exploits of the whole war in the capture of Fort Fisher by assault after the failure of the first attempt under General Butler. He took over 2,000 prisoners, 167 pieces of artillery, and 2,000 stands of small arms. This victory secured him a national reputation and he was further rewarded with a brigadiership in the regular army, a major-generalship of volunteers and a vote of thanks by Congress: "To Brevet Major-General A. H. Terry and the officers and soldiers under his command for the unsurpassed gallantry and skill exhibited by them in the attack upon Fort Fisher, and the brilliant and decisive victory by which that important work has been captured from the rebel forces and placed in the possession and under the authority of the United States, and for their long and faithful service and unwavering devotion to the cause of the country in the midst of the greatest difficulties and dangers." He Page 267 afterward assisted in the capture of Wilmington and for his services there was brevetted a major-general in the regular army. After the war he commanded the Departments of Virginia, Dakota (where he fought the Sioux Indians), and the South. On March 3, 1886, he was promoted major-general in the regular army to succeed Major-General Hancock. He retired from the service in April, 1888, being at that time in command of the Division of the Missouri. He died at New Haven, Connecticut, December 16, 1890.

Terry, Henry D., brigadier-general, was a native of Connecticut, but removed early in life to Michigan, where he had entered upon the legal profession before the commencement of the war. He had given considerable attention to military matters for some years and when the call was made for troops in June, 1861, he raised a regiment (the 5th Michigan), of which he was appointed colonel, and which was mustered into the service August 28, 1861. It was ordered to the Army of the Potomac and such were the ability and military skill manifested by Colonel Terry that on July 17, 1862. he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, having already for some months been in command of a brigade. He served through the war in the Army of the Potomac, behaving with great gallantry in the several battles in which he was engaged, and when mustered out of service in 1865, resumed the practice of his profession in Washington, D. C, where he continued to reside till his death, which occurred on June 22, 1869.

Thayer, John M., brigadier-general, was born at Bellingham, Massachusetts, January 24, 1820. He received an excellent preparatory education and was graduated with honor at an early age from Brown university, studied law and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar. When a young man he went West, stopping for a while in Ohio, and in 1854 removed to Nebraska, shortly after the passage of the "Kansas-Nebraska Act." He settled at Omaha, engaging in the practice of law and taking a great interest in politics. Being originally an old line Whig he naturally gravitated into the Republican party, with which he afterward uniformly acted. After a time he was appointed brigadier-general of the territory and proved to be an excellent Indian fighter. In 1855 he was unanimously elected major-general of the territorial forces by the legislature, continuing to hold that position until the commencement of the Civil war. In July, 1859, he conducted the Pawnee war, in which the entire tribe was captured and put upon a reservation. His fighting experience proved of great value during the Civil war. He was commissioned colonel by the war department and took command of the first regiment that left Nebraska for the field. For his great bravery at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, he was subsequently appointed brigadier-general of volunteers and was placed in command of five Iowa regiments and a part of the 3d Illinois cavalry, with which he assisted General Sherman in the operations against Vicksburg. After the war General Thayer was prominent in organizing the state of Nebraska and was one of the two U. S. senators first elected from the new commonwealth, his term expiring March 3, 1871. He then devoted himself to his private law business, retaining, however, his interest in politics. In 1875 he was appointed governor of Wyoming territory and served four years; in 1886 he was elected governor of Nebraska, taking his seat January 3, 1887. He was reelected in 1888. General Thayer died at Lincoln, Nebraska, on March 19, 1906.

Thomas, George H., major-general, one of the ablest, purest and most successful of the military chieftains of the Civil war, was born in Southampton county. Virginia, July 31, 1816. His early opportunities of education were good and at the age of twenty he had just entered Page 268 upon the study of law when his friends secured him an appointment as cadet at the military academy at West Point. He entered in 1836 and, after a thorough and solid rather than a brilliant course, he graduated in 1840, ranking twelfth in a class of 42 members, among whom were Sherman. Ewell, Jordan, Getty, Herbert, Van Vliet and others who afterward attained celebrity. Assigned to duty on the day of graduation as second lieutenant in the 3d artillery, he served in the regular army for twenty years, during which time he rendered honorable and faithful service in the Florida war from 1840 to 1842; in command of various forts and barracks from 1842 to 1845; in the military occupation of Texas in 1845-46; in the Mexican war from 1846 to 1848—participating in nearly all its leading battles; in the Seminole war in 1849-50; as instructor in artillery and cavalry at West Point from 1851 to 1854; on frontier duty at various posts in the interior of California and Texas, leading several expeditions against the Indians, from 1855 to the autumn of 1860. During these twenty years he was repeatedly brevetted for gallant and meritorious services, rising through all the grades to a captain of artillery, and in 1855 was made a major of the 2nd cavalry, which regiment he commanded for three years. He was wounded in a skirmish with the Indians at the headwaters of the Brazos river in August, 1860, and the following November went east on a leave of absence. During the winter of 1860-61 he watched with the most painful anxiety the culmination of that conflict of opinion which preceded the war. Relinquishing his leave of absence, he reported for duty at Carlisle barracks, Pennsylvania, April 14,—the day when the flag went down at Sumter—and less than 48 hours after the first shot was fired. On May 27 he led a brigade from Chambersburg across Maryland to Williamsport; rode across the Potomac in full uniform at the head of his brigade on June 16, to invade Virginia and fight his old commanders; a few days afterward he led the right wing of General Patterson's army in the battle of Falling Waters and defeated the Confederates under Stonewall Jackson. After serving through the brief campaign of the Shenandoah General Thomas entered upon that wider sphere of action in which he was destined to win an undying reputation. At General Robert Anderson's request Sherman and Thomas were made brigadier-generals of volunteers and assigned, to his command—the Department of the Cumberland. The first month's work that Thomas performed in the department was at Camp Dick Robinson, Kentucky, where he mustered into service eleven regiments and three batteries of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee troops, which he organized into the first brigade, and which formed the nucleus of the division, then of the corps and finally of the great army which he afterward so long commanded. He was soon placed in command of the 1st division of the army and on December 31 was ordered to move against Zollicoffer, who commanded a large force occupying the road leading from Cumberland gap to Lexington. Kentucky. In pursuance of this order General Thomas fought and won the battle of Mill Springs, which was by far the most important military success that had yet been achieved west of Virginia, and with the exception of the defeat of Marshall near Prestonburg a few days before, it was the first victory in the department. In this battle General Thomas laid the foundation of his fame in the Army of the Center. From November 30. 1861, to September 30, 1862, he commanded a division of General Buell's army without intermission, except that during the months of May and June he commanded the right wing of the Army of the Tennessee and around Corinth. On September 30, 1862, he was appointed second in command of the Army of the Ohio, Page 269 having previously refused the chief command, and served in that capacity in the battle of Perryville and until October 30, 1862, when the old name of Department of the Cumberland was restored and General Rosecrans assumed command. That officer reorganized the army into three distinct commands—right, left and center—and assigned Thomas to the center, which consisted of five divisions. He held this command in the battle of Stone's river and until January 9, 1863, when the 14th army corps was created by order of the war department, and Thomas commanded it during the summer campaign in middle Tennessee and the Chickamauga campaign. On September 27, 1864, after the capture of Atlanta, he was ordered by General Sherman to return with a portion of his army into Tennessee and defend that state against Hood's invasion. Thus Thomas was confronted by that veteran army which had so ably resisted Sherman on his march to Atlanta, and had to meet it with an effective force of about 4o,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry, having to remount the latter, provide transportation, and almost to organize and supply a new army. Although severely checked by Schofield at Franklin, Tennessee, Hood gathered head and threatened Nashville. Then the government and country waited impatiently for Thomas to attack, but he would not move until he was ready. He thought he "ought to be trusted to decide when the battle should be fought," and to know better than any one hundreds of miles away. Grant called him "slow," Sherman commented on his "provoking, obstinate delay," and Stanton, still actuated by the partisan bitterness that had caused him to secure the removal of two successful commanders, wrote to Grant: "This looks like the McClellan and Rosecrans strategy of do nothing and let the enemy raid the country." Urgent despatches and orders rained in upon him, but he said they might remove him if they liked, and complained to one of his generals, "They are treating me like a boy." An order removing him was actually made on December 9. but happily revoked. On December 13 General Logan was started for Nashville with orders to take the command on his arrival if Thomas had not moved, and two days later Grant himself set out thither. On the road both received the great news of the battle of December 15. Thomas had at length attacked, driving the enemy eight miles, and Hood, "for the first and only time, beheld a Confederate army abandon the field in confusion." On the next day Thomas completely redeemed his promise to "ruin Hood," whose army was broken to pieces and chased out of Tennessee. But even here the victor was blamed as dilatory in the pursuit, although the reward of his splendid services could no longer be kept back. When he received his commission as major-general in the regular army his friend and medical director, seeing that he was deeply moved, said: "It is better late than never, Thomas." "It is too late to be appreciated." he 'replied; "I earned this at Chickamauga," and afterward, "I never received a promotion they dared to withhold." But the nation was by this time ready to recognize General Thomas' merits and to understand that it was solely by his remarkable abilities, without the influence of powerful friends, that he had attained a position second to that of no officer of the army. Honors and rewards were pressed upon him, but with a simple dignity of character he declined them all, satisfied with having done his duty. After the war he was placed in command successively of the most important and difficult military departments, often under circumstances of great responsibility and delicacy, but his conduct gave general satisfaction. General Thomas' death was the result of apoplexy and occurred in San Francisco, California, March 28. 1870.

Thomas, Henry G., brigadier-general, was born in the state of Maine and was one of the sons of that commonwealth that hastened to offer his services to the Federal government at the outbreak of the Civil war. He was mustered into the service of the United States on June 24, 1861, as a captain of a company in the 5th Maine infantry, and with his command left the state for Washington two days later. With his regiment he remained in camp at Meridian hill until July 5, when the march was commenced to the battlefield of Bull Run, where he received his first taste of actual warfare. On August 5, 1861, he became a captain in the 11th U. S. infantry and was on regimental recruiting service until July, 1862. He joined the regiment in the field in October of that year and was engaged in the action of Snicker's gap. He was commissioned colonel of the 79th U. S. colored infantry on March 20, 1863, but that regiment was mustered out of the service on July 11, following, and on January 16, 1864, he was commissioned colonel of the 19th U. S. colored infantry, served as commandant of Camp Birney, Maryland, from February until May, and then commanded a brigade of the 9th corps, Army of the Potomac, until November, being engaged at the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Petersburg, explosion of the mine, Weldon railroad and Hatcher's run. On November 30, 1864, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and transferred to the Army of the James, where he commanded a brigade and temporarily a corps, in the operations before Richmond. On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted major-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious service during the war, and was mustered out of the volunteer service January 15, 1866. In the regular army service he was brevetted major May 12, 1864, for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Spottsylvania, lieutenant-colonel on July 30, for gallant and meritorious service in front of Petersburg, and colonel and brigadier-general on March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious service during the war. After the close of the war he continued in the regular army until July 2, 1891, when he was retired. His death occurred on January 23, 1897.

Thomas, Lorenzo, brigadier-general, was born in the state of Delaware in 1805. He was appointed from that state a cadet in the military academy at West Point September 1, 1819, and on July 1, 1823, he was graduated and assigned to duty in the army as second lieutenant in the 4th infantry. He served in garrison at Cantonment Clinch, Florida, in 1824; in constructing a military road to St. Augustine, 1824-25; in the Creek Nation, Georgia, 1825-26; in garrison again at Cantonment Clinch, 1827-28. and as adjutant of the 4th infantry at regimental headquarters from March 1, 1828, to February 15, 1831, being commissioned first lieutenant in the 4th infantry March 17, 1829. He served on recruiting service, 1831-33, in the adjutant-general's office at Washington, D. C, from June 5, 1833, to September 3, 1836, and did quartermaster duty in the Florida war, 1836-37, being commissioned captain in the 4th infantry September 23, 1836. He served in the quartermaster-general's office in Washington, D. C, from October 16, 1837, to July 7, 1838, being commissioned major and assistant adjutant-general on the last-named date. In the war with Mexico he was adjutant-general and chief of staff to Major-General Butler, both while commander of a division of volunteers and commander of the army, and his experience and systematic administrative powers were conspicuous in the final movements and the withdrawal of the army in Mexico. Early in the Civil war he became adjutant-general of the army by succession, and was afterward especially assigned to the duty of Page 271 organizing volunteer troops, particularly the colored regiments. He was commissioned brigadier-general on August 3, 1861, brevetted major-general, U. S. A., on March 13, 1865, and having passed the age of sixty-two years he was placed on the retired list of the army in February, 1869. General Thomas died at his residence in the city of Washington on March 2, 1875. Thomas, Stephen, brigadier-general, was born in the state of Vermont, and from that state entered the volunteer military service of the United States in the early days of the Civil war. On February 18, 1862, he was commissioned colonel of the 8th Vermont infantry, a regiment recruited for General Butler's Southern expedition, being mustered in for a three years' term. With his regiment he left for New York on March 4 and there embarked for Ship island, where from April 5 until early in May his regiment was encamped. It was then ordered to New Orleans and quartered in the Mechanics' institute building, which it occupied until the end of the month, then crossed to Algiers and Colonel Thomas was placed in command of the District of La Fourche. He opened the Opeousas railroad as far as La Fourche crossing and his regiment was engaged for some months in guarding the road. From October to December, as a part of General Weitzel's brigade, his regiment began the work of opening the Opelousas railroad to Brashear City. It was then encamped at Brashear City until January 8, 1863, when it moved to Camp Stevens at Thibodeaux, but returned after two days and shared in the expedition against the gunboat "John L. Cotton," located in the Bayou Teche, during which the regiment performed excellent service. On April 12 Colonel Thomas moved his regiment with the 19th corps in the advance to Port Hudson, having a brisk engagement with the enemy at Fort Bisland on the march. In the desperate assault on Port Hudson Colonel Thomas commanded the brigade and distinguished himself for gallantry, being wounded in the engagement. With his regiment he now shared in the siege operations and on June 14 led the column in the second grand assault. After the surrender of Port Hudson his regiment was ordered to Donaldson and thence to Thibodeaux, where it encamped until September 1. It then moved to Algiers and took part in the fruitless Sabine Pass expedition. The regiment remained in active service at Algiers and Thibodeaux until June 6, 1864, and then after a number of scouting expeditions embarked for Fortress Monroe. On its arrival it was at once ordered to Washington to assist in resisting Early's attempt upon the city. Colonel Thomas was ordered to join the 6th corps with his regiment and moved in pursuit of the enemy as far as Berryville, in the Shenandoah valley. He then countermarched his men to the vicinity of Washington, whence he was ordered back into Maryland during the flurry caused by McCausland's raid into that state. In August his regiment was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 19th corps, under General Emory, and did gallant service at the battle of Winchester, executing a splendid bayonet charge. It participated in the charge which routed the enemy at Fisher's hill and then followed in pursuit. It then encamped north of Cedar creek and participated in the fierce fighting at that place on October 19, being also engaged at Newtown in November. On February 1, 1865, Colonel Thomas was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and served in that capacity until August 24, 1865, when he was honorably mustered out of the service. On July 25, 1892, he was awarded a medal of honor for distinguished conduct in a desperate hand-to-hand encounter at Cedar creek, in which the advance of the enemy was checked.

Thruston, Charles M., brigadier-general, was born in the state of Kentucky in 1798, but while he was yet a child his parents took up their residence in the District of Columbia. He served as a cadet in the military academy at West Point from June 8, 1813, to July 21, 1814, when he was graduated and entered the army as second lieutenant of artillery. He served in the War of 1812 with Great Britain, as acting assistant engineer in erecting temporary defenses at Governor's island, New York harbor, and was in garrison at Fort McHenry, Maryland, 1815-18, being promoted to first lieutenant of artillery April 20, 1818. He served as battalion adjutant of artillery from May 14, 1818, to June 1, 1821, when he was commissioned first lieutenant in the 3d artillery in the reorganization of the army, and served as adjutant of the 3d artillery at regimental headquarters from that time to February 17, 1827. On the last named date he was commissioned captain in the 3d artillery and served in garrison at Fort Severn, Maryland, Fort Trumbull, Connecticut, 1827-33, and Fort Monroe, Virginia, 1833-35. In the Florida war, 1835-36, he was acting adjutant-general of the Florida army from February to May, 1836, and was engaged against the Seminole Indians in the combat of Oloklikaha March 31. He resigned from the army August 31, 1836. and settled at Cumberland, Maryland, where he followed the occupation of a farmer until 1861, being president of the Mineral bank of Cumberland, 1838-41, and in 1861 was elected mayor of the city. On September 7, 1861, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and assigned to the duty of guarding the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. He resigned his commission on April 17, 1862, and resumed farming, which occupation he followed until his death, which occurred at Cumberland, Maryland, February 18, 1873.

Tibbits, William B., brigadier-general, was a native of the state of New York, and was one of the first in that commonwealth to offer his services to the Federal cause. He was commissioned captain in the 2nd New York infantry May 14, 1861, being mustered into the U. S. service at Troy for a term of two years. On May 18 he accompanied the regiment to New York and there embarked for Fortress Monroe, at the end of the journey encamping at Mill creek and participating in the battle of Big Bethel. On August 5 the regiment was ordered to Newport News, where permanent quarters were erected and the ensuing winter was passed. In January, 1862, his regiment joined an expedition up the James river; on March 7 it became a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division. Army of Virginia: from April 6 to 17 it was stationed at Young's mills, and on June 6 was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps. With his regiment Captain Tibbits took part in the campaign on the Peninsula, was engaged near Fair Oaks and in the Seven Days' battles. During the campaign in Virginia he was active at Bristoe Station, Groveton, the second Bull Run and Chantilly. On October 13, 1862, he was commissioned major of his regiment, which after various marches and counter-marches in Virginia, took part in the battle of Fredericksburg and then went into winter quarters near Falmouth, occupying the same until the opening of the Chancellorsville movement in the spring of 1863. On May 26, 1863, Major Tibbits was mustered out of the service, the term of enlistment for his regiment having expired. On February 5, 1864, he again entered the service as colonel of the 21st New York cavalry. With this regiment he served in the 1st brigade, 1st cavalry division, Army of West Virginia. He was at Remount camp, Maryland, from August to the close of October, 1864, then joined the Army of the Shenandoah, being assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd cavalry division. He saw much trying service throughout the year Page 273 1864, when his regiment was constantly employed in the arduous duties devolving on the cavalry arm of the service. During 1865 he took part in engagements near Paris, at White Post, and near Berryville, and on October 18, 1865, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. He was mustered out of the service January 15, 1866, and died February 10, 1880.

Tillson, Davis, brigadier-general, was born in Rockland, Maine, April 14, 1830. He spent two years at West Point, and then resigned because of an accident that required the amputation of his leg. In 1857 he was elected to the state legislature, in the following year was appointed adjutant-general of the state, and early in 1861 was appointed collector of customs of the Waldoboro (Maine) district. In 1861 he was commissioned captain of the 2nd Maine battery. He remained in Maine, owing to the apprehension of difficulty with England on account of the "Trent" affair, till April, 1862, when he reported for duty in Washington, D. C In the following month he was promoted major and appointed chief of artillery in General Ord's division, and in August, after the battle of Cedar mountain, became chief of artillery on General McDowell's staff, taking part in the "action at Rappahannock station and the second battle of Bull Run. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, to date from November 29, 1862, and after serving as inspector of artillery till April, 1863, he was ordered to Cincinnati as chief of artillery for fortifications in the Department of the Ohio, where he had charge of the defenses of Cincinnati and the works on the Louisville & Nashville railroad. While here he also raised two regiments of heavy artillery. In December following he was ordered to the supervision of defensive works at Knoxville, Tennessee, and was assigned to the command of a brigade in the 23d corps, with which he served in several engagements during the winter of 1863-64. From Knoxville, where he constructed what were commended as the best works in the military division of the Mississippi, he was transferred to the command of the District of East Tennessee, serving there till early in 1865, when he was assigned to the 4th division, Department of the Cumberland, which he commanded till the close of the war. He was retained in the service till December 1, 1866, having charge of branches of the Freedmen's bureau in Tennessee and Georgia. He was engaged as a cotton planter in Georgia for a year, then returned to his birthplace and became interested in the lime and granite business. General Tillson died in Portland. Maine, April 30, 1895.

Todd, John B. S., brigadier-general, was born at Lexington, Kentucky, April 4, 1814. The family removed in 1827 to Illinois, whence he was appointed to the U. S. military academy. He was graduated in 1837, assigned to the 6th infantry and became first lieutenant on December 25 of that year. He served with his regiment in the Florida war from 1837 to 1840; was on recruiting service in 1841; again took part in the Florida war until 1842; was promoted captain in 1843 and performed frontier duty in the Indian territory and Arkansas, 1843-46. During the war with Mexico he took part at Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo and Amozoque in 1847, and was thereafter at various garrisons and frontier posts. In 1855 he shared in the fight against the Sioux at Blue Water. Resigning in September, 1856, he became an Indian trader at Fort Randall, Dakota; was sent as a delegate to Congress in 1861, as a Democrat; promptly reentered the Federal service when the Civil war commenced; was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers and commanded a division in the Army of the Tennessee from September, 1861, to July, 1862, and was in command of the North Missouri district from October 1 to Page 274 December 1, 18. He was again elected a delegate to Congress, 1863-65; served in the Dakota legislature 1867-69; was speaker of its lower house; and in 1869-71 was governor of the territory. General Todd was a founder of the city of Yankton and one of the leading citizens of Dakota in his time. By marriage he was connected with Abraham Lincoln and John C Breckinridge. He died at Yankton, South Dakota, January 5, 1872.

Torbert, Alfred T. A., brigadier-general, was born in the state of Delaware in 1833, and was the cadet from that state in the military academy at West Point from September 1, 1851, to July 1, 1855, when he was graduated and entered the army as brevet second lieutenant of infantry. He served on frontier duty in conducting recruits to Texas, 1855-56; was commissioned second lieutenant in the 5th infantry on July 19, 1855; was engaged in the Florida hostilities against the Seminole Indians, 1856-57; was on frontier duty on the Utah expedition, 1857-60; then in the march to New Mexico, and was stationed at Fort Stanton, New Mexico, 1860-61, being commissioned first lieutenant in the 5th infantry, February 25, 1861. He served during the Civil war, first in mustering New Jersey volunteers into service from April 17 to September 1, 1861; was commissioned colonel of the 1st New Jersey infantry September 16, captain in the 5th infantry September 25, 1861, and was in command of his regiment in the defenses of Washington, stationed near Alexandria, Virginia, from September 17, 1861, to March 10, 1862. He was in the Peninsular campaign with the Army of the Potomac, being engaged in the siege of Yorktown, the action at West Point, and the battles of Gaines' mill and Charles City cross-roads. He was in command of a brigade in the 6th corps from August 28, 1862, in the northern Virginia campaign, being engaged in the battle of Manassas; in the Maryland campaign with the Army of the Potomac, being engaged in the battles of South mountain and Antietam, and in the march to Falmouth, Virginia On November 29, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and participated in the Rappahannock campaign. In command of a brigade of the 6th corps, Army of the Potomac, he was in the Pennsylvania campaign, being in the battle of Gettysburg, the skirmish at Fairfield, Pennsylvania, and the pursuit of the enemy to Warrenton, Virginia On July 4, 1863, he was brevetted major, U. S. A., for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Gettysburg. He was engaged in the Rapidan campaign, participating in the action at Rappahannock station and the operations at Mine run. He was in command of the 1st cavalry division, Army of the Potomac, during April and May, 1864, and participated in the Richmond campaign, being engaged in the actions at Milford Station, the North Anna river, Hanovertown, where he was in command, Haw's shop, Matadequin creek, where he was again in command, battle of Cold Harbor, Trevilian Station, Mallory's cross-roads, Tunstall's station, and at Darbytown. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, U. S. A., on May 28, 1864, for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Haw's shop. He served as chief of cavalry of the middle military division in the Shenandoah campaign; was in command at the battles of Winchester and Kearneysville; was brevetted major-general of volunteers September 9, 1864, for distinguished services during the rebellion; and on September 19, 1864, he was given the brevet rank of colonel, U. S. A., for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Winchester. He was in command at the actions of Milford, Luray, Waynesboro, Mount Crawford and Tom's brook; was engaged in the battle of Cedar creek and the actions near Middletown, and was in command at Liberty mills and Gordonsville. He was brevetted brigadier-general, U. S. A., Page 275 March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Cedar creek, and on the same date received the brevet rank of major-general, U. S. A., for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the rebellion. He was in command of the Army of the Shenandoah, with headquarters at Winchester, Virginia, from April 22 to July 12, 1865, of the District of Winchester from July 12 to September 1, and of the District of Southeastern Virginia from September 1 to December 31, 1865, and he was mustered out of the volunteer service January 15, 1866. He resigned from the regular army October 31, 1866. He served as United States minister resident to the Central American states from April 21, 1869, to July 10, 1871; was U. S. consul-general at Havana, Cuba, from July 10, 1871, to November 6, 1873, and served in the same capacity at Paris, France, from November 6, 1873, to May, 1878. General Torbert was drowned, August 29, 1880, by the wrecking of the steamer Vera Cruz, off Cape Canaveral, Florida

Totten, Joseph G., brigadier-general, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, August 23, 1788, graduated at West Point in 1805, as second lieutenant of engineers, and remained in the service until March, 1806, when he resigned and went into civil life, from which he again entered the army in 1808. Promoted to be a first lieutenant in 1810 and captain in 1812, he was chief engineer of the army on the Niagara frontier in the campaigns of 1812 and 1813, being brevetted major "for meritorious services" in June, 1813. He became chief engineer of the army on Lake Champlain in the campaign of 1814, and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel September 11, 1814, "for gallant conduct at the battle of Plattsburg." Passing through the successive grades of major and lieutenant-colonel in his own corps, he became colonel and chief engineer on December 7, 1838. From 1816 to 1838, with but an intermission of two years, he was a member of the board of engineers for planning the national defenses. During the Mexican war he served as chief engineer of the army under General Scott until the capture of Vera Cruz, conducted the siege operations against that place, and was brevetted a brigadier-general "for gallant and meritorious conduct" on that occasion. Subsequently he resumed his duties as chief engineer, continuing in their performance with but two short intervals until his death. The fortifications of Newport, Rhode Island, were built under his immediate supervision, and with other defenses and fortifications are enduring monuments to his memory. In the first days of the Civil war General Scott urged upon General Totten the acceptance of the position of commander-in-chief, which the latter declined on account of physical inability for field service. During the period of 26 years in which General Totten stood at the head of the engineer department, he discharged his varied duties with untiring devotion, spotless integrity and signal ability, as an acknowledgment of which the president, upon hearing of his serious illness, forwarded his commission as brevet major-general, U. S. A. He had been commissioned brigadier-general in the regular army March 3, 1863. General Totten died at Washington, D. C. April 22, 1864.

Tower, Zealous B., brigadier-general, was born in Cohasset, Massachusetts, January 12, 1819. He was graduated at West Point in 1841 at the head of the class, was commissioned second lieutenant in the engineer corps on July 1, 1841. was on duty for a year as assistant to the board of engineers, and in 1842 became assistant professor of engineering at West Point. From 1843 to 1846 he was employed in the construction of the fortifications at Hampton Roads. He was raised to the rank of first lieutenant in April, 1847, and during the Mexican war rendered brilliant and effective service at Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Chapultepec, Page 276 and in the operations which ended in the surrender of the City of Mexico. Between 1848 and 1861 he was engaged in engineering work, mainly on the Pacific coast. He was promoted captain on July 1, 1855, and major of engineers on August 6, 1861. He skillfully and successfully conducted the defence of Fort Pickens, Florida, on November 23, 1861, and as a reward was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers, his commission to date from that time. He served with honor under General N. P. Banks and General John Pope in northern Virginia, and at the second battle of Bull Run received a wound that incapacitated him for service for the time being. From July to September, 1864, he was superintendent of the West Point academy. He then returned to duty in the field with the Army of the West, as chief engineer superintended the construction of the defenses in front of Nashville and participated in the battle at that place in December. He continued to serve in the West and South until the close of the war, holding responsible staff offices in the military divisions of the Mississippi and Tennessee. In 1865 he was made lieutenant-colonel of engineers and was repeatedly brevetted "for gallant and meritorious services," reaching the rank of brevet major-general, U. S. A., on March 13, 1865. On January 15, 1866, he was mustered out of the volunteer service, and during the following eight years was engaged in improving the principal harbors of the country, both for commercial and military purposes. He was promoted colonel of engineers January 13, 1874, and on the same day was voluntarily placed on the retired list of the army. General Tower died on March 20, 1900.

Turchin, John B., brigadier-general, was born in Russia, but in early life migrated to America and at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war was living in the state of Illinois. On June 17, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 19th Illinois infantry, and having been a colonel of staff in the Russian Guards he paid particular attention at the start to the drill and discipline of his regiment, utilizing the first two weeks in camp to the utmost to make the regiment as efficient as possible for the service before it. He pursued his endeavors in that respect every time the regiment was not on the march, and finally succeeded in making the 19th Illinois infantry one of the best drilled regiments in the western armies. On the evening of July 13 he arrived at Quincy with his regiment, and on the 14th received orders from General Hurlbut to relieve the 21st Illinois infantry, on the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad from Quincy to Palmyra, and between the latter place and Hannibal, Missouri During their two weeks' stay in that locality the men of his command, besides guarding several important bridges on the railroad, made several expeditions to different points in the neighborhood, chased newly organized Confederate companies out of various plantations, destroyed their barracks and provisions, obliged the citizens to give pledges not to support any more such companies, encouraged formations of home-guard companies at Palmyra and Newark, suppressed the secessionists and encouraged the Unionists. So well did Colonel Turchin perform the work assigned him that, on July 17, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, in which capacity he served until October 4, 1864, when he resigned from the army and resumed the peaceful pursuits of civil life. General Turchin died June 19, 1901.

Turner, John W., brigadier-general, was born in the state of New York, but as a child was taken to Illinois by his parents. He was a cadet at the United States military academy from July 1, 1851, to July 1, 1855, when he was graduated and promoted in the army to brevet Page 277 second lieutenant of artillery. He was commissioned second lieutenant in the 1st artillery November 18, 1855; served on frontier duty at Fort Dalles, Oregon, 1855-56; participated in the Florida hostilities against the Seminole Indians in 1857-58; was in garrison at Fort Adams, Rhode Island, 1858-59; on frontier duty at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1859-60; and in garrison at the artillery school of practice at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, 1860-61. He served during the Civil war, as first lieutenant in the 1st artillery from April 21, 1861, to February 20, 1862, being commissioned captain of staff and commissariat of subsistence August 3, 1861, and was in command of a breaching battery in the reduction of Fort Pulaski. Georgia, in April, 1862. He was appointed colonel of staff and additional aide-de-camp May 3, 1862; served as chief of commissariat of the Department of the Gulf from May 22 to December 23, 1862; as chief of staff in the Department of the South from June 13, 1863, to May 4, 1864; was engaged in command of the artillery during the siege of Fort Wagner and in the operations against Fort Sumter from July to November. He was brevetted major September 6, 1863, for gallant and meritorious services at the siege of Fort Wagner, and brigadier-general of volunteers on the following day. He was in command of a division of the 10th corps, Army of the James, in the Richmond campaign, being engaged in the operations before Bermuda Hundred, including the action near Drewry's bluff, and was in the siege of Petersburg. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel July 30, 1864, for gallant and meritorious services in the action at the explosion of the Petersburg mine, and on October 1, 1864, was brevetted major-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious services in the campaign of 1864 on several occasions before the enemy. He was chief of staff, Departments of North Carolina and Virginia and of the Army of the James, from November 20, 1864, to January 12, 1865, and of the Department of Virginia from January 12 to March 20. On March 13, 1865, he was given the brevet of colonel for gallant and meritorious services at the capture of Fort Gregg; brigadier-general, U. S. A., for faithful and meritorious services during the rebellion; and major-general, U. S. A., for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the rebellion. He was in command of an independent division of the 24th army corps from March 20 to August 5, participated in the capture of Petersburg and the pursuit of the Confederate army, terminating in the capitulation at Appomattox Court House; was in command of the 24th army corps from August 5 to August 10; of the District of Henrico, Virginia, from June 9, 1865, to April 6, 1866; the Department of Virginia from April 7 to May 17, and was mustered out of the volunteer service on September 1, 1866. He served as purchasing and depot commissary at St. Louis, Missouri, from October 31, 1866, to February, 1871, and resigned from the regular army service on September 4, 1871. He then located in St. Louis and filled several responsible positions. General Turner died on April 8. 1899.

Tuttle, James M., brigadier-general, was born in Summerfield, Ohio, September 24, 1823. He received a public-school education, removed to Farmington, Iowa, where he engaged in agricultural and mercantile business in 1846, was elected sheriff in 1855, county treasurer in 1857, and recorder in 1859. At the outbreak of the Civil war he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd Iowa infantry, and on May 17, 1861, was promoted colonel. In February, 1862, he led the charge of his regiment on Fort Donelson and his troops were the first to enter the Confederate works. In this charge he was wounded in his sword arm, but he continued in command of his regiment. At the battle of Shiloh he commanded a brigade, with which he fought at the sunken road, Page 278 afterward known as the "Hornet's Nest" because of the resistance offered the Confederates by his troops. For gallantry in this engagement he was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, June 9, 1862. After the surrender of Corinth he commanded for some time a division in that vicinity. During the siege of Vicksburg he had command of a division in the 15th army corps under General Sherman, and at the first capture of Jackson he executed a flank movement, which compelled the Confederates under General Johnston to retreat across the Pearl river, leaving their artillery, which he captured. In the same year, while at home on a short furlough, he received the Democratic nomination for governor of Iowa, but was defeated. He resigned his commission in the army in June, 1864; was a second time defeated for governor; served several terms in the legislature; engaged in farming, real-estate operations and pork packing till 1877; and was subsequently engaged in mining operations. General Tuttle died at Casa Grande, Arizona, October 24, 1892.

Tyler, Daniel, brigadier-general, was born at Brooklyn, Connecticut, February 22, 1799. Graduating from West Point in 1819, he served as a lieutenant of artillery, was adjutant of the school of practice at Fortress Monroe, and while commanding the arsenal at Pikesville, Maryland, translated "Maneuvers of Artillery" from the French. In 1828 he was sent abroad to observe the French improvements in artillery, which he did at Metz and elsewhere, making an extensive collection of lithographs and drawings on the subject. In 1830 he was sent to the Springfield armory to report upon the manufacture of small arms, and became a member of the board that met to reorganize the national armories. In 1832 he was superintendent of the inspectors of arms furnished by contractors. Resigning in 1834, he became president of an iron and coal company, introduced improvements in furnaces and rolling-mills, and was one of the first Americans to produce pig-iron. He was successively president of the Norwich & Worcester railroad, of the Morris canal company, and of the Macon & Western railroad in Georgia until 1848. For the next twelve years he was engaged in constructing several railroads in Pennsylvania. He became colonel of the 1st Conn, infantry in April, 1861, brigadier-general of volunteers in March, 1862, and served in the Army of the Mississippi at the siege of Corinth, was one of the commission to investigate Buell's Kentucky campaign, and afterward was in command at Harper's Ferry, in Baltimore and in Delaware. He withdrew from the army in April. 1864, traveled for some years, and lived for a time at Red Bank, New Jersey Resuming active business pursuits at an advanced age, he founded Anniston, Alabama, in 1872, built iron-mills, was interested in cotton, was president of the Mobile & Montgomery railroad, and invested largely in Texas lands. General Tyler died in New York November 30, 1882.

Tyler, Erastus B., brigadier-general, was born in the state of New York, but early in life removed to Ohio, in which state he was residing at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war. On April 25, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 7th Ohio infantry, which was organized to serve three years. The privilege of sharing in the opening campaign in western Virginia was allotted to this regiment and on June 29 it started for that field. Colonel Tyler, at the head of this regiment, was first under fire at Cross-lanes, where the several companies, acting independently of each other, took position on neighboring hills and, though pressed against by overwhelming numbers, tenaciously held their positions until at last they were forced to retreat, leaving the field and the dead and wounded in possession of the enemy. In Page 279 the following March the spring campaign opened, and Colonel Tyler and his men participated in the first battle of Winchester, where they performed an important part and added to their reputation for efficiency. On May 14, 1862, Colonel Tyler was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and on March 13, 1865, was brevetted major-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious service during the war. He was honorably mustered out August 24, 1865, and returned to the pursuits of private life, which he followed until the time of his death. General Tyler died January 9, 1891.

Tyler, Robert O., brigadier-general, was born in Greene county, New York, December 22, 1831. He was taken to Hartford, Connecticut, in 1839 and was graduated at West Point in 1853. As a lieutenant of artillery he was sent to the Pacific Coast in 1854; took part in the Yakima and Spokane expeditions and in several battles with the Indians; saw the bombardment of Fort Sumter; opened a way for the troops through Baltimore; was made captain and depot quartermaster at Alexandria; and on August 29, 1861, was commissioned colonel of the 4th Conn, volunteers, which became an artillery regiment in January, 1862, after he had reorganized it. In the Peninsular campaign he served at Yorktown, Hanover Court House, Gaines' mill and Malvern hill. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers on November 29, 1862; had command of the artillery of Sumner's division at Fredericksburg; of the artillery reserve, Army of the Potomac, at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and in the subsequent operations until January, 1864, when he was assigned a division of the 22nd corps, covering Washington and the lines of communication. In May he went through the battle of the Wilderness with a division of the 2nd corps, his men acting as infantry, and at Spottsylvania repelled an attack of Ewell on the right, earning thereby the thanks of General Meade. At Cold Harbor he received a wound which incapacitated him for further active duty and left its effects on his system for life. For gallantry in these battles and abundant good service he received a sword from his old neighbors at Hartford, Connecticut, the thanks of his adopted state, and all the brevets from major to major-general in the regular army, besides that of major-general of volunteers. He had command of several departments from December, 1864, to June, 1866, became lieutenant-colonel and deputy quartermaster general in July 1866, and served in that capacity at Charleston, Louisville, San Francisco, New York and Boston, until his death at Boston December 1, 1874.

Tyndale, Hector, brigadier-general, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 24, 1821. He became part owner of his father's well-known china store in 1845, and in the interests of this business traveled much in Europe. He early became a Republican and was on the first local committee of that party. In 1859, though not in sympathy with John Brown's raid, he, out of pure chivalry, accompanied Mrs. Brown on her melancholy errand to Virginia, to bring back the body of her husband after execution, and on this generous mission was threatened, insulted, and once fired upon. Having heard of the newspaper proposals of further and posthumous vengeance, he declined to receive the coffin when handed over to him by the authorities until it was opened and Brown's body identified. At the outbreak of hostilities he hurried home from Europe, became major of the 28th Pennsylvania infantry in June, 1861, lieutenant-colonel in April, 1862, and brigadier-general of volunteers in November, 1862. He served under Banks and Pope, took part in many battles, commanded a brigade at Antietam, and though wounded in the hip repelled three attacks, taking 4 guns and 7 flags, Page 280 and held his post until struck down by another ball. As soon as he was fit for duty he was again in the field, served with the Army of the Potomac from May to September, 1863, and then went with Hooker to Tennessee. He rendered important service at Wauhatchie, turning the enemy's flank and carrying an elevation (afterward known as Tyndale's hill) by a charge with the bayonet. He took part in the battles about Chattanooga and the march to Knoxville, but went home on sick-leave in May, 1864, and resigned three months later, being unfit for further service. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers in March, 1865. In 1868 he was narrowly defeated as the Republican nominee in the election for mayor of Philadelphia. In 1872 he became trustee, with Prof. Joseph Henry and Dr. E. L. Youmans, of a fund for the help of Americans studying physics abroad, the same having been given by his famous relative, Prof. John Tyndall of London, from the proceeds of lectures delivered in this country. General Tyndale died in Philadelphia on March 19, 1880.

Ullman, Daniel, brigadier-general, was born in Wilmington, Delaware, April 28, 1810. He was graduated at Yale, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in New York city, where, besides building up a large practice, he was for many years a master in the old court of chancery. In 1851 he was the Whig candidate for attorney-general, and in 1854 the American (or "Know-Nothing") candidate for governor. After the firing on Fort Sumter he raised and led to the field, as colonel, the 77th New York infantry, which served at Harper's Ferry and in many of the early movements in the Shenandoah and Piedmont regions. After the battle of Cedar mountain, and while the Army of Virginia was retreating, he was prostrated with typhoid fever, left behind, and was captured and confined in Libby prison. On his liberation he wrote a long letter to President Lincoln, recommending the emancipation of slaves and the arming of the freedmen as soldiers. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers January 13, 1863, ordered to establish headquarters in New Orleans, and to select and appoint the necessary white officers for four regiments of colored troops and one regiment of mounted scouts for duty in Louisiana. He rapidly raised and equipped five regiments of colored troops, which subsequently grew into a corps of 17,000 men, and in April following he raised and organized in New Orleans the Ullman brigade, corps d’Afrique, which in July was engaged in the siege and capture of Port Hudson. In the following year he was placed in command of Port Hudson and all the troops in that district, and he was in chief command at the battle of Atchafalaya. In March, 1865, he was ordered to Cairo, then to New York city, where he was brevetted major-general of volunteers and mustered out of service. After retiring from the army General Ullman also retired from active life and made his home at Grand View, near Nyack, where he passed his time in scientific and literary studies, interrupting them by several trips to Europe. He died in Nyack. New York, September 20, 1892.

Underwood, Adin B., brigadier-general, was born at Milford, Worcester county, Massachusetts, May 19, 1828. He was graduated at Brown university in 1849, took the law course at Harvard, practiced at Worcester, and then in Boston. In April, 1861, he became captain in the 2nd Massachusetts infantry; in 1862 major of the 33d Massachusetts infantry, and in April, 1863, its colonel. He was engaged at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and at Lookout mountain received injuries which left him a cripple for life. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers November 6, 1863; was brevetted major-general September 1, 1865; was Page 281 surveyor of customs at Boston, and died of pneumonia in Boston, January 14, 1888.

Upton, Emory, brigadier-general, was born at Batavia, New York, August 27, 1839. After a few months at Oberlin college, Ohio, he was appointed to the U. S. military academy in 1856 and was graduated in 1861. Entering the war as a lieutenant of artillery, he was wounded at the first battle of Bull Run; served through the Peninsular campaign; won praise from Generals Franklin and Slocum, and had command of an artillery brigade at South mountain and Antietam. He was appointed colonel of the 121st New York infantry in October. 1862, was engaged at Fredericksburg and Salem heights, and led a brigade at Gettysburg and Rappahannock Station, receiving a brevet for the latter. He took part in the Wilderness campaign, was wounded at Spottsylvania while heading an attack, and was made brigadier-general of volunteers May 12, 1864. He had a share in the defense of Washington, and in Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah valley he was again wounded at the Opequan while commanding a division. Upon recovering he was assigned to the 4th cavalry division and was engaged in the expedition which resulted in the taking of Selma, Columbus and other places in Alabama and Georgia. At the end of the war he had received all the brevets from major to major-general in the regular army, but he held merely a captain's commission. After this he had commands in Tennessee and Colorado; was mustered out of the volunteer service April 30, 1866, and was made lieutenant-colonel of the 26th infantry three months later. He now had time to complete his "System of Infantry Tactics," which was published and adopted in 1867. In 1870-75 he was commandant of cadets at West Point, and in 1875-77 went on a tour of inspection abroad, the outcome of which was his "Armies of Asia and Europe" (1878). In 1877 he was assigned to the artillery school of practice at Fortress Monroe, and in 1880 became colonel of the 4th artillery and was stationed at the Presidio, San Francisco, California, until his death. He died by his own hand on March 14, 1881, while suffering derangement from chronic catarrh.

Van Alen, James H., brigadier-general, was born in the state of New York, and early in 1861 offered his services to the Federal government in the then pending crisis. On August 28, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 3d New York cavalry. He had received authority from the war department on July 26 to recruit this regiment, and it was commonly known as the "Van Alen cavalry" in honor of its organizer and first colonel. As fast as organized the several companies left the state and proceeded to Meridian hill, Washington, where the regiment was organized early in September and Colonel Van Alen assumed command on September 9. With his regiment he served in Bank's and Stone's divisions of the Army of the Potomac until the following spring, and on April 15, 1862, Colonel Van Alen was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. He served in this capacity until July 14, 1863, when he resigned from the service and returned to the pursuits of civil life. General Van Alen lost his life by drowning on July 22, 1886.

Van Cleve, Horatio P., brigadier-general, was born in Princeton, New Jersey, November 23, 1809. He was educated at Princeton and at the United States military academy, being graduated at the latter in 1831. He served on frontier duty in the army from 1831 till 1836; resigned and engaged in farming near Monroe, Michigan, till 1839; taught in Cincinnati, Ohio, for one year; followed farming near Ann Arbor, Michigan, till 1854; was a civil engineer in the state service in 1855, and in 1856 was appointed United States surveyor of public lands in Minnesota. He was Page 282 appointed colonel of the 2nd Minnesota infantry early in 1861; took part in the operations in Kentucky; was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers March 21, 1862, and with the Array of the Ohio was at the siege and capture of Corinth. At the battle of Stone's river he was disabled by a wound, but he soon recovered and commanded his brigade at Chickamauga. From December, 1863, to August 24, 1865, he was in command at Murfreesboro. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers on March 13, 1865, and after the war he was restored to the regular army and retired by special act of Congress. In 1866-70 and 1876-82 he was adjutant-general of Minnesota. General Van Cleve died in Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 24, 1891.

Van Derveer, Ferdinand, brigadier-general, was born in Butler county, Ohio, in 1823. He grew to manhood there, studied law, and had entered upon the practice of his profession when the Mexican war claimed his attention. On May 31, 1846, he was mustered in as first sergeant in the 1st Ohio infantry and served until mustered out on June 12, 1847, being promoted to first lieutenant September 2, 1846, and to captain October 5 of the same year. After the close of that war he returned home and continued to practice his profession until the breaking out of the Civil war. On September 24, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 35th Ohio infantry, which was organized at Hamilton, Ohio, to serve three years. Two days later the regiment moved to Covington, Kentucky. and on the same night took a train on the Kentucky Central railroad. Colonel Van Derveer then placed parties at all the bridges along the road and made his headquarters at Cynthiana. With his regiment he participated in some of the skirmishes during the siege of Corinth and was among the first to enter the works at that place. In the movement against Bragg, the fight at Perryville and the pursuit to Crab Orchard, he bore an honorable part. All through the ensuing campaign, which began at Murfreesboro and ended at Chattanooga, with his regiment he was in the front of the marching and fighting. On the first day of the fight at Chickamauga, the 35th and the other regiments composing the brigade were stationed on the extreme left of the Federal line, where they engaged and. after several hours of a fair, stand-up fight, repulsed and beat back three several attacks of the elite of the Confederate army. On the next day Colonel Van Derveer again brought his regiment early into action, and it fought all day. firing the last shots that were fired by friend or foe on the battle-field of Chickamauga. The regiment with its gallant colonel in the lead was on the front line at Missionary ridge, and was among the first to reach the enemy's works on the crest, from which it drove the Confederate force and captured three pieces of artillery. Colonel Van Derveer was engaged at the first battle at Buzzard's Roost, after which his regiment was stationed at Ringgold until the beginning of the Atlanta campaign. He was engaged at Dalton, Resaca, Pine mountain. Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek, and several other fights in that bloody contest for the possession of Atlanta, and was mustered out of the service with his regiment August 26. 1864. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers October 4, 1864, and served in that capacity until June 15, 1865, when he resigned. General Van Derveer then returned to his home at Hamilton, Ohio, and continued to reside there until his death, November 5, 1892.

Vandever, William, brigadier-general, was born in Baltimore. Maryland, March 31, 1817. He received an academic education, studied law, moved to Illinois in 1839, and settled in Iowa in 1851. His industry and sterling qualities soon began to make an impression among the Page 283 pioneers of those days, with the result that in 1859-61 he represented the Dubuque district in Congress as a Republican. After the battle of Bull Run Congressman Vandever promptly waited on Secretary Cameron and offered to recruit a regiment and a battery of artillery in Iowa for the defense of the Union, which offer was promptly accepted, Colonel Vandever being authorized to proceed and have his regiment and artillery company ready for service as soon as possible. Relinquishing his seat in the house he returned home, organized his regiment under the title of the 9th Iowa infantry, and led it to the field with the battery known as the 3d Iowa battery. He accompanied General Curtis in his southwestern campaign and commanded a brigade in the battle of Pea ridge. The day before this battle he and his men accomplished a remarkable march of 45 miles (having been sent away on reconnoitering duty) in order to reinforce the main body. When first recommended for a brigadier-general's commission he declined that honor, modestly intimating that he still lacked experience. However, he finally accepted the proffered honor after the battle of Arkansas Post, "for gallant and meritorious services." He participated in the Vicksburg and Atlanta campaigns under General Sherman and was stationed at Kennesaw mountain previous to the battle of Allatoona. At this time he succeeded in signaling over the heads of the Confederates to the officer commanding at Allatoona, the celebrated message, "Sherman says. 'Hold on. I am coming.'" On March 19, 1865, he did gallant work at Bentonville, North Carolina, in repelling the sudden assault of General Johnston on Sherman's left wing, for which he was brevetted a major-general of volunteers. After the war General Vandever resumed the .practice of law for a while and then, from 1873 until 1877, was a government Indian inspector. In 1886 he moved to California and settled in San Buenaventura, but was soon discovered in his retirement by the Republican party, elected to Congress the same year and reelected in 1888. General Vandever died July 23, 1893.

Van Vliet, Stewart, brigadier-general, was born in the state of New York, and was a cadet at the U. S. military academy from July 1. 1836, to July 1, 1840, when he was graduated and became second lieutenant in the 3d artillery. He served in garrison at Fort Columbia, New York, 1840; in the Florida war, 1840-42; being engaged against the Seminoles in several skirmishes; and was in garrison at Savannah, Georgia, 1843-46. He served as first lieutenant in the 3d artillery from November 19, 1843, to December 24, 1853, in the meantime participating in the Mexican war, being engaged in the battle of Monterey and the siege of Vera Cruz and serving as quartermaster of the 3d artillery from March 28 to June 4, 1847, when he was commissioned captain of staff and assistant quartermaster. He was on quartermaster duty with the Missouri mounted volunteers, building posts on the Oregon route, 1847-51; was stationed at St. Louis, Missouri. 1851-52; Fort Brown, Texas, 1852-53; Brazos Santiago, Texas, 1853-54; Fort Brown again, 1854-55; was on the Sioux expedition from April 3, 1855, to July 17, 1856, being engaged in the action of Blue Water; was on special services in Utah, 1857; at New York city, 1857-58, and at Fort Leavenworth. Kansas, 1858-61. On August 3, 1861, he was commissioned major of staff and quartermaster "for fourteen years' service as captain." and acted as chief quartermaster of the Army of the Potomac from August 20. 1861, to July 10, 1862. He served as brigadier-general of volunteers from September 23, 1861, to July 17, 1862, and was stationed at New York city from the latter date to March 31, 1867, furnishing supplies and transportation to the armies in the field. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, colonel and brigadier Page 284 -general, U. S. A., October 28, 1864, for faithful and meritorious services during the rebellion; was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers March 13, 1865, and on the same date was given the brevets of major-general of volunteers for faithful and meritorious services during the rebellion, and major-general. U. S. A., for "faithful and distinguished services in the quartermaster's department during the war." On July 29, 1866, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of staff and deputy quartermaster-general, and on September 1, of the same year, he was mustered out of the volunteer service. He then served as depot quartermaster at Baltimore, Maryland, from April 18, 1867, to May 13, 1869, and as chief quartermaster of the Division of the Atlantic from June 15, 1869, to June 1, 1872. He was commissioned colonel of staff and assistant quartermaster-general on June 6, 1872; served as chief quartermaster of the Department of Missouri from October 28, 1872, to July 13, 1875; of the Philadelphia depot of quartermasters' stores until November 8, of the latter year; as inspector of quartermaster's department, with headquarters at Washington, D. C, from November 12, 1875, to January 22, 1881, when he was retired from active service. General Van Vliet died March 28, 1901.

Van Wyck, Charles H., brigadier-general, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, May 10, 1824. graduated at Rutgers college in 1843, studied law, was district attorney of Sullivan county, New York, in 1850-56, and was a representative in Congress in 1859-63. While in his second term he was commissioned colonel of the 56th New York infantry, with which he served to the close of the war, being promoted brigadier-general of volunteers in 1865. In 1866 and 1868 he was reelected to Congress. He removed to Nebraska in 1874, was a delegate to the constitutional convention in 1876, state senator in 1876-80, was elected United States senator as a Republican, and took his seat March 4, 1881. In the senate he distinguished himself by persistency in the attempt to secure the removal of secrecy from its executive sessions. In 1892 he was defeated as the Populist candidate for governor of the state. General Van Wyck was conspicuous in organizing the Farmers' Alliance movement in Nebraska. He died in Washington, D. C., October 24, 1895.

Veatch, James C, brigadier-general, was born near Elizabethtown, Indiana, December 19, 1819. He was admitted to the bar, practiced for many years and was elected to the Indiana legislature in 1861. On August 9, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 25th Indiana infantry; was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers April 28. 1862, and in August, 1865, was brevetted major-general of volunteers for distinguished services during the war. He took part in the actions at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, the sieges of Corinth, Vicksburg and Mobile, and the Atlanta campaign. He was appointed adjutant-general of Indiana in 1869, and was collector of internal revenue in 1870-83. General Veatch died in Rockport, Indiana, December 22. 1895.

Viele, Egbert L., brigadier-general, was born at Waterford, New York, June 17. 1825. He was graduated at the United States military academy June 17. 1847, when he joined the army under General Winfield Scott at the seat of war in Mexico, and afterward served under General Zachary Taylor. At the close of the Mexican war he was assigned to duty with his regiment on the Rio Grande, constructing a military road 125 miles long from Rio Grande city to Laredo, Texas He was assigned by General Worth to the command of a battalion of troops at the latter place and established Fort Mcintosh, still an important frontier post. After serving four years in campaigns against the Comanche Indians he resigned his commission and entered civil life as an engineer. He Page 285 was appointed state engineer of New Jersey and conducted a geodetic survey of that state as the basis of the geological survey, which is the most thoroughly scientific work of the kind now extant, surpassing the celebrated ordnance survey of England and the topographical surveys of France and Austria. After having designed the original plan of the New York Central park he was appointed engineer-in-chief of that important work and subsequently designed the Prospect park of Brooklyn. On the breaking out of the Civil war he was captain of engineers in the well-known 7th New York regiment and commanded a detachment of 30o men, which, with the steamer Daylight, opened the passage of the Potomac river to Washington, raised the Confederate blockade, and were the first troops to reach the national capital by that route. Upon arriving at Washington his command was met at the landing by President Lincoln and personally thanked by him for their courage. Subsequently he aided in the construction of Fort Runyon, the first fort erected by the Federal troops in the war. Having without solicitation been appointed brigadier-general of volunteers by President Lincoln, he organized a camp of instruction at Scarsdale for New York troops; was afterward assigned to duty with the expedition to the South Atlantic; was second in command of the land forces at the capture of Port Royal and chief in command at the investment and reduction of Fort Pulaski; following which he proceeded to Washington and accompanied the president, secretary of war and secretary of the treasury to Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where he planned and led the advance on Norfolk, and on its surrender became military governor, the arduous and responsible duties of which were performed with such satisfaction to the government that the secretary of war would not listen to his repeated application to be relieved to take the field with his troops. When the issue became certain and the final surrender of the Confederates a mere question of months, General Viele resigned his command and returned to civil life, becoming one of the most active men in his profession, more especially in sanitary and municipal improvements. As a member of Congress from the city of New York he accomplished more in one term than many others have accomplished in six terms. Among other things the Harlem river improvement will be forever associated with his name. General Viele died on April 22, 1902.

Vincent, Strong, brigadier-general, was born in Waterford, Pennsylvania, June 17, 1837. His early education was obtained in the academy at Erie, where he spent two years in his father's iron foundry. Recognizing the need of a wider education, he took a course in the scientific department of Trinity college at Hartford, Connecticut, and later entered Harvard, where he was graduated in 1859. He studied law with such assiduity that the following year he was admitted to the bar and opened practice in Erie. Upon the breaking out of the Civil war he volunteered for three months' service and was elected second lieutenant and later adjutant. Upon the expiration of this term of service he reënlisted for three years, was appointed major, and in September, 1861, was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel of the 83d Pennsylvania infantry. He took part in the siege at Yorktown, but succumbed to an attack of swamp fever soon after the battle of Hanover Court House. Upon his recovery he was made colonel and temporarily commanded a brigade during the retreat at Fredericksburg. In 1863 he was given command of a brigade as ranking colonel and rendered efficient service to the cavalry under General Pleasonton at Aldie. At the battle of Gettysburg July 3, when General Warren sent word from the left to have Little Round Top occupied Page 286 by a brigade, General Vincent, in the absence of the division commander assumed the responsibility of sending his own brigade, and posted his men on the left hand crest and in the hollow between it and Round Top, at the point where the first attempt was made by the Confederates to turn the left flank of the Federal army. As Colonel O'Rourke's regiment met the charge of the enemy it faltered for a moment and General Vincent sprang out in front and cheered it on, when he was shot, dying four days later from the wound. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers for his gallantry on this occasion.

Vinton, Francis L., brigadier-general, was born at Fort Preble, Maine, June 1, 1835, son of Major John B. Vinton, after whose death he was cared for by his uncle Francis. He was graduated at West Point in 1856, but presently resigned to enter the school of mines at Paris. Completing the course there in 1860, he made some mineralogical researches in Central America and was reappointed in the army as captain in the 16th infantry in August, 1861. Being offered a colonelcy of volunteers by three governors, he accepted that of the 43d New York, served in the Army of the Potomac under Hancock, was engaged at Williamsburg, Gaines' mill and elsewhere, and was made brigadier-general of volunteers September 19, 1862. A severe wound, received while leading a charge at Fredericksburg, incapacitated him for further service and he resigned on May 6, 1863. In September, 1864. he took the chair of mining engineering in the newly organized school of mines in Columbia college and held it until 1877, having charge also of civil engineering from 1870. He wrote much for the "Engineering and Mining Journal," and other technical papers; published a poem, "The Guardian, a Diversion" (1869); "Lectures on Machines" (1869); and "Theory of the Strength of Materials" (1874). His last years were spent at Denver as consulting engineer of mines. General Vinton died at Leadville, Colonel, October 6, 1879.

Vogdes, Israel, brigadier-general, was born in Willistown, Pennsylvania, August 4, 1816. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1837, and entered the army as second lieutenant in the 1st artillery. In the permanent establishment he was promoted first lieutenant July 9, 1838; captain August 20, 1847; major May 14, 1861; lieutenant-colonel, 5th U. S. artillery June 1, and colonel of the 1st U. S. artillery on August 1, 1863; was brevetted brigadier-general April 9, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the Civil war; and was retired at his own request on January 2, 1881. In the volunteer service he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers on November 29, 1862, and was mustered out on January 15, 1866. He was assistant professor of mathematics in the United States military academy from his graduation till 1849. served against the Seminole Indians in Florida, was attached to the artillery school at Fortress Monroe in 1858-60, and was ordered to reinforce Fort Pickens, Florida, in 1861. He was captured while repelling a night attack on Santa Rosa island October 9, 1861, and confined in Libby prison till exchanged in August, 1862. The batteries on Lighthouse inlet were constructed by him and he commanded them in the attack on Morris island, July 9, 1863. From August. 1863, till February, 1864, he was engaged in the operations against Charleston. After the war he was in command of the 1st artillery at Fort Hamilton, New York, till his retirement. General Vogdes died in New York city December 7, 1889.

Von Steinwehr, Adolph, brigadier-general, was born in Germany, but in early life migrated to America and at the opening of the Civil war was living in the state of New York. On June 6, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 29th X. Y. infantry, known as the "Astor Page 287 Rifles," which was recruited in New York city and there mustered into the U. S. service for a two years' term. On June 21 Colonel Von Steinwehr left the state with his regiment for Washington, where he occupied Camp Dorsheimer, and moved to Arlington Heights on July 9. He was assigned to Blenker's brigade and was present in the reserve at Bull Run, returning after the battle to Washington. From July 26 to October 13 he was stationed at Roach's mills. On October 12, 1861, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and served in that capacity until July 3, 1865, when he resigned from the military service and resumed the pursuits of civil life. General Von Steinwehr died February 25, 1877.


Source: The Union Army, Vol. V. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.