K-M: Kammerling through Mower

Source: The Union Army, Federal Publishing Company

Kammerling, Gustave, brigadier-general, was a patriotic German citizen of the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, and upon the outbreak of the Civil war he enrolled himself as a member of the 9th Ohio Page 142 infantry for the three months' service, being mustered in on May 8, 1861, as captain of Co. F. Before leaving the state he learned of the president's call for volunteers to serve three years and immediately agreed to enlist for that period, his company being transferred as a body to the three years' organization, which was also numbered as the 9th Ohio infantry. Captain Kammerling's first experience in actual warfare was at the battle of Rich mountain, W. Virginia, and with his regiment he was also engaged at Carnifix Ferry. His command also participated in the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky, where it made a decisive charge, completely routing the Confederates. Captain Kammerling was promoted to major on November 1, 1861, lieutenant-colonel on March 8, 1862, and he was commissioned colonel and took chief command of his regiment on August 6. 1862. In the second day's fighting in the battle of Chickamauga he led his regiment in the famous bayonet charge of Van Derveer's brigade; and in the afternoon of the same day, while holding the hill on which the right of General Thomas' corps rested, his regiment once more drove the Confederates back at the point of the bayonet. On January 5, 1864, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, but declined the proffered honor and continued to serve with his regiment. With it he participated in the battle of Resaca, Georgia, and on May 20 entered upon his last march against the enemy, moving from Kingston to the Etowah river. Up to the last moment his regiment stood within range of the enemy's guns and from the very outer picket line it was relieved by General Thomas, in person, and started for Cincinnati. General Kammerling was mustered out with the regiment on June 7, 1864, and then engaged in peaceful pursuits in the city of his adoption.

Kane, Thomas L., brigadier-general, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 27, 1822. He was educated in Paris, France, and on his return to America studied law, was admitted to the bar, and was a clerk in the United States district court until the passage of the fugitive slave law, when he resigned. He visited the Mormon settlement near Commerce, Illinois, in 1847, and during the migration to Utah so won the confidence of the Mormon leaders that, when the territory was declared in a state of rebellion in 1858, he went there at his own expense with letters from President Buchanan and arranged an amicable settlement that was afterwards concluded by the peace commissioners. He founded and laid out the town of Kane, in the northwestern part of Pennsylvania, where he raised, in 1861, a regiment called the "Bucktails," which became famous for valor and endurance. He led the advance at Dranesburg, where he was wounded, and at Harrisonburg was sent to rescue a regiment that had fallen into an ambuscade, and was again wounded and taken prisoner. He was paroled, and, on being exchanged was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers, September 1, 1862. Although absent on sick leave at the time the battle of Gettysburg opened, he hastened to Washington for orders and carried to General Meade the information that the Confederates were in possession of the national cipher code. He joined his brigade on the morning of the second day of the battle and held an important position on the extreme right. He was discharged, November 7, 1863, being disabled by wounds and exposure, and on March 13. 1865. was brevetted major-general of volunteers for his services at Gettysburg. He died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. December 26, 1883.

Kautz, August V., brigadier-general, was born in Ispringen, Baden, Germany, January 5, 1828. He immigrated to this country with his parents Page 143  when a small boy, settling in Ohio, served in the Mexican war as a private in the 1st Ohio volunteer regiment, and, at the close of the war was appointed cadet at West Point, where he was graduated in 1852. He was assigned as 2nd lieutenant to the 4th infantry and served in the northwest, being wounded during the Rogue river hostilities of 1853-55, and again on Puget sound in 1856. He was promoted 1st lieutenant in 1855, captain in the 6th U. S. cavalry in 1861, and in 1862 became colonel of the 2nd Ohio volunteer cavalry. Being ordered with his regiment to Camp Chase, Ohio, to remount and refit, he commanded that place from December, 1862, till April, 1863, when he led a cavalry brigade into Kentucky and participated in the capture of Monticello, May 1, and in thwarting Morgan's raid and effecting his capture in July. He served with the Army of the Ohio as chief of cavalry of the 23d corps, was made brigadier-general of volunteers, May 7, 1864, was given command of the cavalry division of the Army of the James, and won the brevet of lieutenant-colonel, having previously been brevetted major for gallantry, by entering Petersburg with his small force of cavalry on June 9. He then led the advance of the Wilson raid, which cut the roads leading to Richmond from the south, for more than forty days, and as commander of the 1st division, 25th army corps, he took part in the movement leading to the surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox, and led his division of colored troops into the city of Richmond, April 3, 1865. He was brevetted colonel in the regular army, October 7, 1864, for gallantry in action on the Darbytown road; brigadier-general and major-general U. S. A. March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious service in the field during the war, and major-general of volunteers, October 28, 1864, for gallant and meritorious service in the campaign against Richmond. General Kautz was mustered out of the volunteer service, January 15, 1866, and in July of that year was made lieutenant-colonel of the 34th U. S. infantry, being assigned later to the 15th infantry, which he commanded in the Mescalero Apache campaign, succeeding in establishing the Indians in their reservations. He was promoted colonel of the 8th infantry in 1874, was commander of the Department of Arizona, 1875-77; stationed at Angel island, California, 1878-86, and then at Niobrara, Nebraska, 1886-90. He was appointed Ill., brigadier-general in the regular establishment, April 20, 1891, was retired January 5, 1892, and died in Seattle, Washington, September 4, 1895.

Kearny, Philip, major-general, was born in New York city, June 2, 1815. He was graduated at Columbia in 1833 and studied law, but in 1837 accepted a commission as 2nd lieutenant in the 1st dragoons, commanded by his uncle, General Stephen Watts Kearny, and served at Jefferson barracks and on the frontier. In 1839 he went to France with two other officers to study military tactics at the Royal cavalry school, at Saumur. After six months of this experience he went to Algiers as honorary aide-de-camp to the Duke of Orleans, and was present in several notable exploits while attached to the First Chasseurs d'Afrique in the campaign against Abdel-Kader, the Arab chief. On returning to the United States in the autumn of 1840 he was made aide-de-camp to General Alexander Macomb, commander-in-chief of the U. S. army, and to his successor, General Winfield Scott, 1840-44. He was at Fort Leavenworth and accompanied the expedition through the South Pass. 1844-46, resigned his commission, April 2, 1846, and at the outbreak of the Mexican war was reinstated. He recruited his company up to the war footing at Springfield, equipped it magnificently and operated at first along the Rio Grande, but later joined General Scott on his march to Mexico, the company acting as body-guard to the general-in-chief. Kearny was promoted captain in December, 1846, and distinguished himself at Contreras and Churubusco, and at the close of the latter battle, as the Mexicans were retreating Page 144 into the capital, Captain Kearny, at the head of his dragoons, followed them into the city itself. While retreating he was shot in the left arm, which caused that member to be amputated. For this action he was brevetted major, and, on returning to New York, he was presented with a splendid sword by the Union club. After being stationed in New York on recruiting service he was engaged, in 1851, in the campaign against the Rogue river Indians, but resigned in October of that year and took a trip around the world. In 1859 he was again in France, and, joining his old comrades in the 1st Chasseurs d'Afrique, participated in the war in Italy, winning by his gallantry on the field of Solferino the decoration of the cross of the Legion of Honor. Returning to the United States shortly after the beginning of the Civil war, he offered his services to the national government and to his native state, and, no command being conceded him, entered the volunteer service as commander of the 1st New Jersey brigade. He was subsequently given by President Lincoln a commission as brigadier-general of volunteers, to date from May 17, 1861, and was assigned to command the 1st New Jersey brigade in General William B. Franklin's division, Army of the Potomac. General Kearny was present at the battle of Williamsburg, where, arriving at 2:30 p. m., he reinforced General Hooker's division, recovered the ground lost and turned defeat into victory. He served through the engagements of the Peninsula, then, with the Army of Virginia, from Rapidan to Warrenton. He was given command of a division in May, 1862, and was given a commission as major-general of volunteers to bear the date of July 4, which, however, never reached him. At the second battle of Bull Run he was in command on the right and forced Jackson's corps back against General Longstreet's men. He was killed on the battleground of Chantilly, Virginia, September 1, 1862. General Kearny had, while reconnoitering, inadvertently penetrated the Confederate lines and was trying to escape when he was shot through the spine and instantly killed. His remains were sent by Lee under flag of truce to General Hooker, and in City Park, Newark, New Jersey, the citizens of New Jersey erected a statue to his memory. General Scott said of Kearny, "He was the bravest man I ever knew and the most perfect soldier."

Keim, William H., brigadier-general, was born near Reading, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1813. He was educated at Mt. Airy military academy, Pennsylvania, was mayor of Reading in 1848, was elected to Congress as a Democrat to fill a vacancy and served in 1858-59, and then became surveyor-general of the state. In 1861 he was commissioned major-general of the Pennsylvania militia, and, as second in command to General Patterson, marched with that general into Virginia, where they served three months. In the fall of 1861 he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, and, joining the army under McClellan, commanded a Pennsylvania brigade in the advance upon Richmond. He contracted camp fever on the Peninsula and died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1862.

Kelley, Benjamin F., brigadier-general, was born in New Hampton, New Hampshire, April 10, 1807. He removed to West Virginia in 1826 and settled in Wheeling, where he engaged in business until 1851, and then became freight agent on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. In May, 1861, he raised the 1st Virginia regiment for the national army, was commissioned its colonel, and on June 3, 1861, won the battle of Phillippi, being severely wounded. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, May 17, 1861, fought a successful battle at Romney, October 22, 1861, was again victorious at Blue's gap, and was then appointed to command the Department of Harper's Ferry and Cumberland, but was relieved at his own request, in January, 1862, on account, of his wounds. In the following summer he resumed command of the railroad district under General Fremont, and in July, 1863. was assigned to the Department of West Virginia. He Page 145 pursued General Lee after his passage of the Potomac and dispersed the Confederate camp under General Imboden near Moorefield, Virginia, in November, 1863. In 1864 he won the battles of Cumberland, Maryland, and New creek and Moorefield, Virginia, and on March 13, 1865, he was brevetted major-general for gallant and distinguished services during the war. He was appointed collector of internal revenue for the 1st division of West Virginia in 1866, was appointed, in 1876, superintendent of the Hot Springs, Arkansas, reservation, and in 1883 received from President Arthur appointment as examiner of pensions. General Kelley died in Oakland, Maryland, July 16, 1891.

Kenly, John R., brigadier-general, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1822, was educated in the public schools of Baltimore and admitted to the bar there in 1845. He was a member of the Eagle artillery of Baltimore, in which he rose to the rank of lieutenant, and at the beginning of the Mexican war raised a 'company of volunteers of which he was chosen captain. He participated with his company in the three days' battle which resulted in the capture of Monterey, and so distinguished himself on this occasion that, on returning to Maryland, he was given a vote of thanks by the state legislature. He then resumed the practice of his profession, and, on June 11, 1861, was commissioned by President Lincoln colonel of volunteers and given command of the 1st Maryland regiment. He was actively engaged in the western part of Maryland and in the Virginia valley, 1861-62, and on May 23, 1862, distinguished himself in checking the Confederate advance at Front Royal, being then severely wounded and taken captive. He was exchanged on August 15, and on August 22 was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers for his gallantry and assigned to command all the troops in Baltimore outside the forts. He joined McClellan after the battle of Antietam and rendered conspicuous service at Hagerstown and Harper's Ferry, leading the Maryland brigade at the recapture of Maryland heights. He subsequently held various brigade positions in the 1st and 8th army corps, and at the close of the war, March 13,' 1865, he was awarded the brevet of major-general of volunteers, while the state legislature of Maryland extended him a vote of thanks, and the corporation of Baltimore presented him with a sword. After the war General Kenly devoted a considerable part of his time to literature. He died in Baltimore, Maryland, December 20, 1891.

Ketcham, John H., brigadier-general, was born in Dover, New York, December 21, 1831. Before the Civil war he served as supervisor of his native town, was a member of the New York assembly, 1856-57, and a state senator, 1860-61. He became colonel of the 150th New York regiment in October, 1862, and served throughout the Civil war, being brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers, December 6, 1864, and major-general of volunteers March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war, receiving his commission as full brigadier-general of volunteers April 1, 1865. He resigned to accept a seat in Congress, where he served until 1873. He was then commissioner for the District of Columbia, 1874-77, and was then successively re-elected to Congress, where he served until his death with the exception of two terms, 1893-97, when he declined on account of ill health. He was a delegate to many state conventions and to the Republican national conventions of 1876 and 1896. His death occurred in New York city, November 3, 1906.

Ketchum, William S., brigadier-general, was born in Norfolk, Connecticut, July 7, 1813, and was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1834. He served against the Seminole Indians in Florida, became captain in the 6th infantry in 1842, and then until 1861 was engaged in garrison duty on the western frontier and the Pacific coast, being promoted major of the 4th infantry in June, 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil war he became acting inspector-general of the Department of the Missouri, with Page 146 headquarters in St. Louis, and in February, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and given charge of the organization of recruits in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, serving later in the war department, and then, during the latter part of the war was connected with the quartermaster's department. He was brevetted brigadier-general and major-general U. S. A., March 13, 1865, for his services during the war, was mustered out of the volunteer service, April 30, 1866, and served subsequently in the adjutant-general's department and in the treasury department until retired in 1869. General Ketchum died in Baltimore, Maryland, June 28, 1871.

Keyes, Erasmus D., major-general, was born in Brimfield, Massachusetts, May 29, 1810. He was graduated at West Point in 1832, served in Charleston harbor during the nullification troubles, 1832-33; was aide-de-camp to General Scott, 1837-41; served then on garrison duty until 1844, and after that until 1848 as instructor at the military academy, being then on frontier and garrison duty until 1860. During this time he commanded a battery in expeditions against Indians in the northwest, took part in a number of engagements, and was promoted major in 1858. He was military secretary to General Scott from January 1, 1860, to April 19, 1861, was made colonel of the 11th infantry, May 14, and three days later was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. He assisted in organizing the expedition to relieve Fort Pickens, Florida, in April, 1861, served on the staff of Governor Morgan of New York from April to June of that year, and assisted in forwarding the state quota of troops to the front. He commanded a brigade in McDowell's army at the first battle of Bull Run, was then in command of the defenses of Washington until March 10, 1862, when he was assigned to McClellan's Army of the Potomac and placed in command of the 4th corps, with which he engaged at Lee's mills and in the siege of Yorktown. In May, 1862, he was promoted major-general of volunteers, and after that was in several engagements, being brevetted brigadier-general in the regular army, May 31, for his conduct in the battle of Fair Oaks. Subsequently he organized a raid to White House, Virginia, January 7, 1863, commanded the expedition to West Point, Virginia, May 7, and engaged in another exploit under Major-General Dix toward Richmond in June and July, 1863. He was charged by General Dix with being responsible for the failure of this expedition, and he made repeated unsuccessful applications for court-martial proceedings to defend himself against the charges made. He served on the board for retiring disabled officers from July 15, 1863, until May 6, 1864, when he resigned from the army and removed to San Francisco, California Here he became interested in gold mining and was president of the California Vine Culture society, 1868-72. General Keyes died at Nice, France, October 15, 1895, and was buried at West Point, New York, in 1897.

Kiddoo, Joseph B., brigadier-general, was born in Pennsylvania about 1840. He entered the national service at the beginning of the Civil war as a private in the 2nd Pennsylvania volunteers and engaged in the siege of Yorktown and in the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks and Malvern hill. He was then promoted major of the 101st Pennsylvania volunteers and engaged in the battles of South mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, serving as colonel in the last named battle. He was promoted major of the 6th U. S. colored troops in October, 1863, and colonel of the 22nd U. S. colored infantry in 1864, was present at the siege of Petersburg with the Army of the James, and was severely wounded on October 4. He was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious service in the assault on Petersburg, and major-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious services during the war. On July 28, 1866, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 43d U. S. infantry, but was incapacitated from active service by his wounds, and on Page 147 December 15, 1870, was retired with the full rank of brigadier-general in the regular army. General Kiddoo died in New York city, August 19, 1880.

Kiernan, James L., brigadier-general, was born in New York city in 1837. He was graduated at the University of New York in the medical department in 1857, became a teacher in the city public schools and was editor of the "Medical Press" of that city from 1859 until 1861, when he volunteered as assistant surgeon in the 69th New York regiment. He subsequently became surgeon of the 6th Missouri cavalry, March 1, 1862, and served with Fremont in Missouri and in the battle of Pea ridge. He resigned, May 24, 1863, on account of severe wounds which he received near Port Gibson, where he was captured but escaped. On August 1, 1863, he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, but resigned February 1, 1864. He then served as surgeon in the United States pension bureau, and after the war was U. S. consul to Chin Kiang, China. He died in New York city, November 27, 1869.

Kilpatrick, Judson, major-general, was born in Deckertown, New Jersey, January 14, 1836, and was graduated at West Point in 1861. He was appointed captain of volunteers, May 9, promoted 1st lieutenant of artillery, May 14, and in the action at Big Bethel on June 10 received a severe wound which disabled him for several months. Upon his return to the army he was detailed on recruiting duty, organized a regiment of New York volunteer cavalry, of which he became lieutenant-colonel in September, and in January, 1862, went to Kansas to accompany General Lane in the expedition to Texas as chief of artillery. Upon the abandonment of this project, Kilpatrick rejoined his regiment in Virginia, where he participated in the skirmishes near Falmouth, in April, the movement to Thoroughfare gap in May; raids on the Virginia Central railroad in July, and skirmishes at Carmel Church on July 23. He was also present in various other skirmishes and at the second battle of Bull Run, and in the expedition to Leesburg, September 19, commanded a cavalry brigade. After several months' absence on recruiting service, during which time he became colonel of the 2nd New York cavalry, he returned to the field and commanded a brigade of cavalry in the Rappahannock campaign, engaging in Stoneman's raid toward Richmond, April-May, 1863, and in the battle at Beverly ford on June 9. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, June 13, 1863, and commanded a cavalry brigade and division in the Army of the Potomac, participating in the actions at Aldie, where he commanded and won the brevet of major, Middlebury, and Upperville, and in the battles of Hanover, Hunterstown and Gettysburg, and in the pursuit of the enemy after the last named battle, being engaged in constant fighting at Smithsburg, Hagerstown, Boonsboro and Falling Waters. He commanded a cavalry division in the operations in central Virginia from August until November, 1863, took part in the expedition to destroy the Confederate gunboats, "Satellite" and "Reliance," in Rappahannock river, the action at Culpeper on September 13, and the subsequent skirmish at Somerville ford, the fights at James City and Brandy Station, and in the movement to Centerville and the action at Gainesville, October 19. He participated in the action at Ashland, Virginia, May 1, 1864, in many skirmishes, and took part in the invasion of Georgia as commander of a cavalry division of the Army of the Cumberland, being engaged in the action at Ringgold, April 29, the operations about Dalton, May 7-13, and in the battle of Resaca, where he was severely wounded. Having previously been brevetted lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at Gettysburg, he was given the brevet rank of colonel for gallant and meritorious conduct at Resaca, and upon his return to the service in the latter part of July, 1864, guarded Sherman's communications, and raided and took part in several heavy skirmishes with the Confederates. He participated m numerous skirmishes during the Page 148 march to the sea and commanded a cavalry division during the invasion of the Carolinas, where he engaged in many actions and skirmishes. From April to June, 1865, he commanded a division of the cavalry corps of the Military Division of the Mississippi. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers January 15, 1865, and brigadier-general and major-general U. S. A. on March 13 of that year, resigning his volunteer commission, January 1, 1866, and his commission in the regular army in 1867. General Kilpatrick was envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Chili, 1865-68, an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1880, and was appointed minister to Chili again in 1881. He died in Santiago, Chili, December 4, 1881, and his remains were afterward brought to the United States and buried at West Point, New York.

Kimball, Nathan, brigadier-general, was born in Fredericksburg, Indiana, November 22, 1822. He raised and became captain of a company of volunteers which served in the Mexican war, and at the beginning of the Civil war he became colonel of the 14th Indiana infantry. He took part in the battles of Cheat mountain and Greenbrier in the fall of 1861, commanded a brigade at the battle of Winchester, and was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, April 15, 1862, for a victory over Stonewall Jackson at Kernstown, Virginia, oh March 23. At Antietam his brigade held its ground with desperate courage, losing nearly 60o men, and at Fredericksburg General Kimball was severely wounded. Subsequently he served in the west, commanding a provisional division at Vicksburg, in June and July, 1863. He was afterwards present at the battles of Dallas, New Hope Church, Kennesaw mountain and Peachtree creek, where his gallantry won him promotion to command of a division, and he served in all the battles around Atlanta until the capture of that city, September 2, 1864. He was then detached to aid in quelling the disturbance arising concerning the "Knights of the Golden Circle" in Indiana and afterward took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville in the latter part of 1864. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, February 1, 1865, and was mustered out August 24, 1865. He was-state treasurer of Indiana, 1870-71, served one term as representative in the state legislature, and in 1873 was appointed by President Grant surveyor-general of Utah territory and moved to Salt Lake City. He died January 21, 1898.

King, John H., brigadier-general, was born in Michigan about 1818 and was appointed 2nd lieutenant of the 1st infantry in the regular army in 1837. He was promoted 1st lieutenant two years later, captain in 1846 and major in May, 1861. He was stationed in Florida and on the western frontier up to 1846. was in Vera Cruz in 1847 and then in Texas up to the time of the Civil war. When the war broke out he with Major Larkin Smith prevented the state troops disarming the national forces, and took six companies of the 2nd U. S. cavalry and three companies of the 1st U. S. infantry to New York. He commanded Newport barracks, Kentucky, in 1861, battalions of the 15th. 16th and 19th regiments, U. S. A., in 1862, and was engaged with the 15th and 16th in the battle of Shiloh, advance on Corinth, the march to the Ohio river, and the battle of Murfreesboro. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers November 29, 1862, and fought at Stone's river, where he was wounded, and at Chickamauga in September. 1863, where his brigade, with that of Colonel B. F. Scribner, was overpowered by General St. J. R. Liddell's division. He was also present at the battles of Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw mountain, Ruff's station, and Peachtree and Utoy creeks, and commanded a division for thirty days during the Atlanta campaign. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel in June, 1863; colonel of the 9th U. S. infantry in July, 1865; was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865; and in the regular army received the brevets of colonel for gallantry at Chickamauga; brigadier-general for conduct at Ruff's station, and major-general for gallant and meritorious services during the war. After the war he commanded the 9th U. S. infantry in the west until retired in 1882. He died in Washington, D. C., April 7, J.888.

King, Rufus, brigadier-general, was born in New York city, January 26, 1814. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1833 and appointed to the engineer corps, but resigned in 1836 and became assistant engineer of the New York & Erie railroad, a position which he relinquished in 1839 to become adjutant-general of New York. He was associate editor of the "Albany Evening Journal" and of the Albany "Advertiser" from 1841 to 1845, when he moved to Wisconsin, where he was editor of the "Milwaukee Sentinel" until 1861. He served also as member of the convention that formed the state constitution, as regent of the state university, member of the board of visitors to the U. S. military academy in 1849, and superintendent of public schools in Milwaukee, 1849-61. He was appointed U. S. Minister to the Pontifical States in 1861 and held the appointment from March 22 to August 5, but did not serve, having offered his service to the governor of Wisconsin in the Civil war. He was commissioned brigadier-general of state volunteers, May 7, 1861, received his commission in the U. S. volunteer service ten days later and served in the defence of Washington from May, 1861, to March, 1862. He commanded a division at Fredericksburg, Groveton, and Manassas, was a member of the commission to try General Fitz-John Porter, was then on waiting orders until March, 1863, and afterwards was in command of Yorktown, Virginia, and subsequently of a division at Fairfax Court House, Virginia, until compelled by failing health to resign, October 20, 1863. General King was then U. S. minister resident at Rome until July 1, 1867, and deputy collector of customs at the port of New York after that until 1869, when he retired from public life. He died in New York city, October 13, 1876.

Kirby, Edmund, brigadier-general, was born in Brownville, New York, in 1840. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1861, was promoted 1st lieutenant in the 1st artillery, May 17, 1861, and upon the death of Captain James B. Ricketts at Bull Run, succeeded to the command of his battery. He was engaged with the battery throughout the Peninsular and Maryland campaigns, on the march to Falmouth and in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He was mortally wounded at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, and was taken to Washington, where he died, May 23, 1863. For his gallantry in the battle in which he received his death wound he was given on his death-bed a commission as brigadier-general of volunteers, to date from the day of his death.

Kirk, Edward N., brigadier-general, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, February 29, 1828. He was educated at the Friends' academy, Mount Pleasant, taught school, was admitted to the bar in 1853, and, after a year in practice at Baltimore, Maryland, removed to Sterling, Illinois In August, 1861, he recruited the 34th Illinois volunteers, of which he was commissioned colonel, and was assigned to the 5th brigade, 2nd division, Army of the Ohio. He served as member of the military board of examiners at Munfordville, Kentucky, was then in charge of an expedition in the defence of Lebanon, Kentucky, and subsequently assumed command of all the forces at Louisville, until relieved by General Gilbert, when he was assigned to command the 1st brigade, 2nd division, Army of Kentucky. He assumed command of the 5th brigade, 2nd division, September 28. 1861, and on November 29, 1862, was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers for heroic action, gallantry, and ability. General Kirk was wounded at the battle of Shiloh, covered the retreat of the Federal army at Richmond, Kentucky, and commanded the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, occupying the right wing of the Army of the Cumberland, at Murfreesboro, December 31, 1862-January 3, 1863. In Page 150 that battle his brigade lost about 5oo men in killed and wounded, and he himself received a mortal wound. General Kirk died in Sterling, Illinois, July 29, 1863.

Knipe, Joseph F., brigadier-general, was born in Mount Joy, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, November 30, 1823. He served in the ranks through the Mexican war, then engaged in business in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and in 1861 organized the 46th Pennsylvania regiment, of which he was commissioned colonel. He was promoted brigadier-general November 29, 1862, and served in the Army of the Potomac, then in the Army of the Cumberland, commanding first a brigade and subsequently a division, until the fall of Atlanta, when he became chief of cavalry of the Army of the Tennessee. General Knipe was wounded twice at Winchester, twice at Cedar mountain, and once at Resaca. He was mustered out of the service, August 24, 1865, and became after the war superintendent of one of the departments of the military prison at Leavenworth, Kansas He died August 18, 1901.

Krzyzanowski, Wlademir, brigadier-general, was born in Raznova, Poland, July 8, 1824. He was a revolutionist in Poland and fled to New York in 1846, becoming a civil engineer. In 1861 he organized the Turner rifles, was commissioned captain, and on October 22, he became colonel of the 58th New York volunteers, which he led in the Army of the Potomac. He distinguished himself particularly during the war at the battle of Chancellorsville. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862, and his commission expired March 4, 1863, the senate failing to ratify the appointment. He was mustered out October 1, 1865, and was given a civil appointment in California, afterwards serving as governor of Alaska and as inspector of customs at various South American ports. He was appointed special agent of the treasury department in the New York custom house in 1883, and held this office until his death, which occurred in New York city, January 31, 1887.

Lander, Frederick W., brigadier-general, was born in Salem, Massachusetts, December 17, 1822. He attended Dummer academy at Byfield and studied civil engineering at the military academy at Norwich, Vermont; practiced his profession for a time in Massachusetts and then entered the service of the United States government as a civil engineer. He made two expeditions across the continent to determine a feasible railroad route, making the second trip at his own expense, and being the only member of the party who survived its hardships. He afterwards, in 1858, surveyed and constructed the great overland wagon route, and while engaged in this work his party of 70 men was attacked by some Pah Ute Indians, whom they defeated in a decisive engagement. In all he made five trips across the continent, and for his efficiency he received official recognition from the Secretary of the Interior. In 1861 he was employed by the United States government to visit secretly the southern states in order to ascertain the strength of the insurgents, and when McClellan assumed command of the army in western Virginia he became volunteer aide on his staff. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers May 17, 1861; participated in the capture of Phillippi, June 3, and in the battle of Rich mountain July 11, and was given command of one of the three brigades composing General C P. Stone's division on the upper Potomac. Upon hearing of the disastrous defeat of the Union forces at Ball's bluff, October 21, 1861, General Lander hastened to Edward's ferry, which he held with a single company of sharp-shooters, but was severely wounded in the leg. He reported for duty before his wound was healed, reorganized his brigade into a division, and at Hancock, Maryland, January 5, 1862, defended the town against a vastly superior force of Confederates. Although still suffering keenly from his wound, he led a brilliant charge at Blooming Gap into a pass held by the Confederates, thereby securing a victory for which Page 151 he received a special letter of thanks from the secretary of war. He received orders on March 1, 1862, to move his division into the Shenandoah valley to cooperate with General Banks, and while preparing an attack on the enemy he died suddenly of congestion of the brain, at Paw Paw, Virginia, March 2, 1862. General Lander was a gallant and energetic soldier, and his death was a great loss to the Union army.

Lauman, Jacob G., brigadier-general, was born in Taneytown, Maryland, in January, 1813. He removed with his parents to York county, Pennsylvania, was educated in the academy there, and in 1844 he removed to Burlington, Iowa, where he engaged in business. He was commissioned colonel of the 7th Iowa volunteer regiment, July 11, 1861, served under Grant in Missouri, and was severely wounded at Belmont, November 7, 1861. He distinguished himself at Fort Donelson, where, in command of a brigade in General C F. Smith's division, he was one of the first to storm and enter the enemy's works, and for his services on this occasion he was made brigadier-general March 21, 1862. He commanded a brigade in General Hurlbut's division at the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, and the 4th division of the 16th army corps during the Vicksburg campaign. He was relieved of his command by General Sherman, July 16, 1863, and returned to Iowa. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war. General Lauman died in Burlington, Iowa, February 9, 1867.

Lawler, Michael K., brigadier-general, was born in Ireland November 16, 1814. He immigrated to America, located in Illinois, and there became captain of the 3d Illinois infantry, June 29, 1846, serving with his regiment in the Mexican war until honorably mustered out, May 21, 1847. Returning then to Illinois, Captain Lawler raised an independent company of Illinois mounted volunteers, of which he became captain, July 19, 1847, and with which he served during the remainder of the war, being mustered out of the service October 26, 1848. He began his service in the Civil war as colonel of the 18th Illinois infantry, his commission dating from June 30, 1861. The 18th regiment was organized at Camp Anna and was mustered into the state service first for thirty days by Captain U. S. Grant, afterwards being mustered into the United States service for three years. It took a gallant part in the capture of Fort Donelson. Colonel Lawler was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862, and served until mustered out of the volunteer service, January 15, 1866. For gallant and meritorious services during the war he was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865. He died July 26, 1882.

Ledlie, James H., brigadier-general, was born in Utica, New York, April 14, 1832. He studied at Union college, became a Civil engineer, and at the beginning of the Civil war, on May 22, 1861, he was commissioned major in the 3d New York artillery. He became lieutenant-colonel of this regiment on September 28, colonel on December 23, and was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers December 24, 1862. Late in 1862 he was made chief of artillery on the staff of General John G. Foster. General Ledlie served in North and South Carolina, subsequently in the Army of the Potomac, and his division led the assault on the crater after the explosion of the mine at Petersburg. He resigned from the volunteer service, January 23, 1865, declined a commission in the regular army, and returned to the practice of his profession as a civil engineer. He took the contract for the building of bridges, trestles and snow-sheds for the Union Pacific railroad, built the breakwaters of Chicago harbor, engaged in railroad construction in the west and south, and at the time of his death was chief engineer of railways in California and Nevada and president of the Baltimore, Cincinnati & Western railroad construction company. General Ledlie died at New Brighton, Staten island, New York, August 15, 1882.

Lee, Albert L., brigadier-general, was born in Fulton, New York, January 16, 1834. He was graduated at Union college in 1853, studied law, removed to Kansas and became judge of the state supreme court there in 1861. He resigned this office to become major of the 7th Kansas cavalry, became its colonel, May 17, 1862, and in January, 1863, was given a commission as brigadier-general of volunteers to date from November 29, 1862. He commanded the 2nd cavalry brigade at the battle of Corinth and afterwards in Grant's central Mississippi campaign, and acted as chief of staff to General John A. McClernand in the operations about Vicksburg and in the battles of Champion's hill and Big Black river, May 16 and 17, 1863. On May 19 he commanded the 1st brigade, 9th division, 13th army corps in the assault on Vicksburg, and was severely wounded by gunshot in the face and head. Rejoining his brigade for duty, July 26, 1863, he was ordered to New Orleans and saw service as chief of cavalry. Department of the Gulf, on the staff of General Banks, in western Louisiana. He commanded the cavalry division in the Red river expedition of 1864, commanded an infantry brigade in the expedition up the White river, in July of that year, and in August was assigned to command the cavalry division, headquarters at Baton Rouge, Louisiana He was ordered to New Orleans in January, 1865, and was on duty until May 4, when he resigned his commission and was mustered out of the service. After the war General Lee spent much of his time for a number of years in Europe, and was engaged in business in New York.

Leggett, Mortimer D., major-general, was born in Danby, Tompkins county, New York, April 19, 1821. In 1836 he moved to Ohio with his parents, who were Friends, worked on his father's farm until 1839, and then studied at Kirtland, Ohio, and at Western Reserve college. He subsequently taught school, studied law, was graduated in medicine at the Willoughby medical school, and in 1845 established the first system of graded schools west of the Alleghanies. He became superintendent of public schools in Zanesville, Ohio, in 1857, and when the Civil war broke out he was volunteer aide on McClellan's staff and accompanied him to western Virginia. In the fall of 1861 he raised and organized the 78th Ohio infantry, of which he became lieutenant-colonel, December 18, and colonel a month later, and he commanded his regiment at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth. In June, 1862, he commanded a brigade, and at Bolivar, Texas, in August, he met and fought for seven hours a brigade of Confederate cavalry under General Armstrong. He was wounded at Shiloh, at Champion's hill and at Vicksburg, where his brigade was assigned to construct the extensive mine which hastened the surrender of the city. He commanded a division in Sherman's march to the sea, captured Bald hill on July 21, 1864, held it against repeated assaults by the Confederate army, and was with Sherman through the Carolinas to Washington. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, September 1, 1864, for gallantry, was given the full commission August 21, 1865, and resigned September 28, 1865. After the war General Leggett was United States commissioner of patents, 1871-75, then engaged in the practice of patent law in Cincinnati, and became an organizer and the president of the Brush Electric company. He died in Cleveland, Ohio, January 6, 1906.

Lightburn, Joseph A. J., brigadier-general, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, September 21, 1824. He received a common school education, removed to West Virginia, and was delegate in 1861 from Lewis county in the convention that reorganized the state government. He recruited the 4th Virginia regiment for the national army and was made its colonel, August 14, 1861, commanded the District of Kanawha in 1862, and in September of that year conducted the retreat from the Kanawha valley. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, March 16, 1863, participated Page 153 in the Vicksburg campaign, the battle of Missionary ridge and the battle of Chattanooga, and was with Sherman in his march to Atlanta, where, in August 1864, he received a severe gunshot wound in the head. He took a conspicuous part in the capture of Resaca heights, May 14. 1864. General Lightburn was subsequently given command of a brigade in the Shenandoah valley and was president of the examining board when he resigned his commission, June 22, 1865. He was a representative in the state legislature of West Virginia in 1866-67. General Lightburn was ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1869 and became minister at Mt. Lebanon Baptist church, Harrison county, W. Virginia He engaged in the active work of the ministry until January, 1901.

Lockwood, Henry H., brigadier-general, was born in Kent county, Delaware, August 17, 1814. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1836 and served against the Seminoles in Florida, but resigned his commission in 1837 and engaged in farming in Delaware until 1841. He was then appointed professor of mathematics in the United States navy, and was on the frigate "United States" during the siege and capture of Monterey. He subsequently served at the United States naval asylum at Philadelphia, and at the United States naval academy at Annapolis, Maryland, as professor of natural philosophy and astronomy, 1847-51, and as professor of field artillery and infantry tactics and also of astronomy and gunnery until 1861. He was appointed colonel of the 1st Delaware regiment in 1861, and was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers on August 8 of that year. He commanded an expedition to the eastern shore of Virginia, then had charge of Point Lookout and of the defenses of the lower Potomac, and at Gettysburg he commanded the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 12th army corps. General Lockwood subsequently commanded the middle department with headquarters at Baltimore until 1864, the provisional troops against General Early in July, 1864, and then a brigade in Baltimore until mustered out, August 25. 1865, when he returned to the naval school in Annapolis. He was retired August 4, 1876. General Lockwood died in Washington, D. C, December 7. 1899.

Logan, John A., major-general, was born in Jackson county, Illinois, February 9, 1826. In 1840 he attended Shiloh college, and when the war with Mexico broke out in 1846, being twenty years of age and of a military turn of mind, he volunteered for service and was appointed a lieutenant in the 1st regiment of Illinois volunteers. His record during the war was good, and he was for some time adjutant, and also acting quartermaster of his regiment. He returned from Mexico in 1848, and entered upon the study of law with such enthusiasm that he made more rapid progress than many young men enjoying greatly superior advantages. He' subsequently attended the law school of Louisville, Kentucky, and in 1849 he was elected clerk of Jackson county, but, although he accepted the position, he resigned it to continue the study of law. Meanwhile he had developed a taste for politics and a talent as a public speaker; he soon became very popular with the Democrats of his county, so that he was elected prosecuting attorney of the judicial district in which he lived, and the following autumn was elected to the state legislature. In 1856 Mr. Logan was appointed presidential elector for his district, and in 1858 he was elected to Congress on the Democratic ticket. In 1860 he again became a candidate and was returned to Congress; in the presidential campaign of that year he earnestly advocated the election of Stephen A. Douglas. Logan was in Washington when the news of the fall of Sumter aroused the people; he was there also when the capital was cut off from the North by the Baltimore mob. and when McDowell started for the battle-field of Bull Run Logan followed him, and overtaking Colonel Richardson's regiment obtained a musket, marched with it and fought in the ranks, being one of Page 154 the last to leave the field. The following month he returned home to Marion, Illinois, and so awakened the people to a realization of the impending crisis by his eloquence that in two weeks a regiment was raised, of which he was made colonel, and in less than two months he led it into battle at Belmont, where he fought gallantly and raised the character of his troops to the highest pitch by his conduct, having a horse shot under him during the engagement. He was with Grant through the campaigns of the Cumberland and the Tennessee, and led his regiment in the attack on Fort Henry. While at Fort Donelson he received a wound which incapacitated him for active service for some time, and on March 5, 1862, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers. He commanded a brigade in Halleck's movement against Corinth, and was afterward in command at Columbus. In Grant's winter campaign in northern Mississippi, Logan, who had been promoted to the rank of major-general, was assigned to the command of the 3d division of the 17th army corps under McPherson, and he bore a conspicuous part in the campaign against Vicksburg and at Port Hudson. He made the desperate assault which followed the explosion of the mine under the main fort at Vicksburg, and on the surrender of the place his division was given the post of honor, leading the advance of the party of occupation, while he was put in command of the place. For his distinguished service in this siege, General Logan received a medal of honor voted him by Congress, and inscribed, "Vicksburg, July 4, 1863." He succeeded Sherman in the command of the 15th army corps in 1863, and he led the advance in the following spring when Sherman moved down to Chattanooga, making his first great flank movement to Resaca, the initial movement in the celebrated Atlanta campaign. At the battle of Dallas he was shot through the left arm; and during the desperate assaults which Hood made upon McPherson at Atlanta, Logan fought splendidly, and it was to him that McPherson sent the last message that he ever dispatched on earth. On the death of this great general, Logan, by virtue of his rank, assumed command, and he changed the defeat into victory without receiving any orders from Sherman, who was in command of all the forces. After the evacuation of Atlanta, Logan received a medal from the Army of the Tennessee, upon which were engraved the names of the battles in which he had taken part. After a few weeks spent in Illinois in the political campaign of 1864, he rejoined his troops at Savannah, and continued in active service until the surrender of General Joseph E. Johnston, April 26, 1865. Active service being over, President Johnson appointed General Logan minister to Mexico, but the office was declined and in 1866 he was elected to Congress in Illinois as representative of the state-at-large, as a Republican. He continued in the lower house of Congress until he was elected by the Illinois legislature U. S. senator from that state for the term which began March 4, 1871. At the expiration of his term he settled in Chicago, where he practiced law until he again returned to the senate in 1879. At the Republican national convention held at Chicago in June, 1884, General Logan was nominated for vice-president on the ticket with Mr. Blaine, but was defeated at the ensuing election. General Logan died in Washington, D. C, December 26, 1886.

Long, Eli, brigadier-general, was born in Woodford county, Kentucky, June 16, 1837. He was graduated at the Frankfort, Kentucky, military school in 1855, was appointed from civil life 2nd lieutenant in the 1st U. S. cavalry, July 27, 1856, and prior to the Civil war saw active service against Indians. He was promoted 1st lieutenant March 1, and captain May 24, 1861, assigned to the 4th U. S. cavalry and served in the Army of the West, participating in the operations leading to and including the battle of Stone's river, Tennessee Throughout the war he was actively engaged as Page 155 colonel of the 4th Iowa cavalry in the west, at Tullahoma, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, and in the Atlanta campaign until its close, September 18, 1864. He was promoted brigadier-general, August 18, 1864, and commanded the 2nd division of the cavalry corps in Wilson's raid through Alabama and Georgia from March 22 to April 20, 1865, and the military district of New Jersey in 1865-66. He was brevetted major for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Farmington, Tennessee, lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at Knoxville, colonel for services at the battle of Lovejoys Station, Georgia, brigadier-general, March 13,1865, for gallantry in the battle and capture of Selma, Alabama, major-general U. S. A. on the same date for gallant and meritorious services during the war, and major-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious services in action. He was mustered out of the volunteer service January 15, 1866, was retired with the rank of major-general of volunteers August 16, 1867, and brigadier-general March 3, 1875. He died January 5, 1903.

Lowell, Charles R., brigadier-general, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, January 2, 1835. He was graduated A. B. at the head of his class, at Harvard, in 1854, spent several years in European travel, and at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war was manager of the Mount Savage iron works, Maryland. He offered his services to the government in the spring of 1861, and on May 14 was commissioned captain in the 6th cavalry. He served all through the Peninsular campaign, and at the close of it was brevetted major for gallantry and assigned to the staff of General McClellan. At Antietam he carried orders from the commanding general under severe fire, rallied broken regiments and displayed so great gallantry that he was commissioned to carry the captured standards to Washington. In the fall of 1862 he organized the 2nd Massachusetts cavalry, of which he was made colonel May 10, 1863. During the winter of 1863-64 he commanded the advanced defenses of Washington, and in July he was engaged against the attack of Early. He subsequently commanded the provisional cavalry brigade under Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley, and finally the reserve brigade, with which he distinguished himself at the battle of Opequan creek, September 19, 1864, and on October 9 took a leading part in the overthrow of General Rosser's cavalry. During his three years' service he had had twelve horses shot under him and had escaped without injury, but at Cedar creek he was wounded early in the day, and later, having refused to leave the field, he led his brigade in a final successful charge and received a mortal wound. His commission as brigadier-general of volunteers issued at the request of General Sheridan, was signed in Washington on the day of the battle, October 19, 1864. He died at Middletown, Virginia, October 20, 1864.

Lucas, Thomas J., brigadier-general, was born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, September 9, 1826. He learned his father's trade, that of a watchmaker, but joined the 4th Indiana volunteers for the Mexican war as a drummer boy, was made 2nd lieutenant on the same day, and while in the service in Mexico was promoted 1st lieutenant and adjutant. Returning to Indiana in 1848, he resumed his former occupation. In 1861 he raised a company of which he was chosen captain, and which became part of the 16th Indiana regiment, of which he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, May 20. He distinguished himself at Ball's bluff, Virginia, where he covered the retreat of the national forces, and on August 19, 1862, he was chosen colonel of his regiment, which reenlisted for three years or the war. He engaged in the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, where his regiment, after the loss of 20o men, was completely routed and afterwards sent to Indianapolis, furloughed and reorganized, and in December joined Grant's army at Vicksburg, during the operations around which place Colonel Lucas was wounded three times. He was afterwards ordered to command the post of Vermillionville, Louisiana, and then was placed at the head of a cavalry brigade, with which he did good service in the Red River expedition, first in the advance, then in covering the retreat of Banks' army, and then in the advance again to the Mississippi. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, November 10, 1864, and commanded a division of cavalry in the operations about Mobile, defeated the Confederates at Claiborne and led raids into western Florida, southern Georgia, and Alabama. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers March 26, 1865, and after his command was mustered out he was ordered to New Orleans, by request of General Sheridan, where he remained until the affairs of the French in Mexico were settled, and then returned to his home in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, in January, 1866. After the war General Lucas was employed in the United States revenue service, 1875-81, was postmaster of Lawrenceburg, 1881-85, and in 1886 was an unsuccessful candidate on the Republican ticket for Congress.

Lyon, Nathaniel, brigadier-general, was born in Ashford, Connecticut, July 14, 1818. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1841, served in the Seminole war, and afterwards, until the Mexican war, on garrison duty. He was promoted 1st lieutenant, February 16, 1847, and took part in all the principal engagements of the Mexican war, winning the revet of captain for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, and being slightly wounded at the Belen gate, City of Mexico. In the interval between the close of the Mexican war and the beginning of the Civil war he served on garrison and frontier duty in the western states, being promoted captain in 1851. He was in Washington while the debates were going on in Congress over the Kansas-Nebraska bill, and, whereas he had formerly been a loyal Democrat, his sympathies were now engaged in behalf of the negro. Captain Lyon was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers on May 17, 1861, and succeeded Major Hagner in command of the St. Louis arsenal. On the president's call for troops, Governor Jackson of Missouri, who had been active in promoting the organization of state militia for the Confederate army, prepared to plant batteries on the hills overlooking the armory. General Lyon then secured three regiments of Illinois troops and subsequently secretly removed from the arsenal all arms except those needed for the arming of the citizens. The Confederate militia forces under General Frost, now numbering only 700 men, went into camp at St. Louis, at Camp Jackson, on May 6, and on May 10 Lyon surrounded the camp and took as prisoners of war the entire force. Later in the day an encounter between the U. S. troops and the citizens resulted in the death of several unarmed citizens and caused great excitement in St. Louis. General Lyon succeeded Harney as commander of the Department of the West on May 31, and two weeks later he overtook Jackson's state troops and scattered them at Boonville. Then followed the action at Dug springs, August 2, after which he retreated to Springfield, upon learning that the three Confederate columns had joined. On August 9, considering a retreat more hazardous than a battle, he decided to surprise the enemy at their camp on Wilson's creek at daybreak the next morning. He turned their position and attacked their rear, while General Franz Sigel assailed the right flank. Sigel was defeated through mistaking one of the Confederate regiments for Iowa troops, and Lyon, perceiving new troops coming to the support of the Confederate forces, brought all his men to the front in a final effort. His horse had been killed and he had been wounded in the head and leg, but he mounted another horse and dashed to the front to rally his wavering line, when he was shot through the breast, dying almost instantly. Soon afterwards Major Samuel D. Sturgis, who had succeeded to the command, ordered a retreat. Lyon's movement, although resulting in defeat, had enabled the Union Page 157 men to organize a state government and array the power of the state on the national side, and in recognition of the services of himself and his troops Congress passed a resolution of thanks, and each regiment which took part in the battle was permitted to "bear upon its colors the word 'Springfield' emblazoned in letters of gold." General Lyon bequeathed $30,000, which constituted almost his entire property, to the government to aid in preserving the union.

Lytle, William H., brigadier-general, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 2, 1826. He was graduated at Cincinnati college, studied law, and served in the Mexican war as 2nd lieutenant and subsequently captain in the 2nd Ohio infantry. After the war he practiced law in Ohio, was elected to the Ohio legislature, and in 1857 was the unsuccessful candidate of the Democratic party for governor of Ohio. At the outbreak of the Civil war he was major-general of militia, commanding the 1st division, Ohio militia, and he mustered for the three months' service the 5th, 6th, Oth, and 10th regiments. He was commissioned colonel of the 10th Ohio infantry, and at Carnifix ferry, September 10, 1861, where he commanded a brigade, he was severely wounded. On his recovery he commanded a camp of instruction and rendezvous at Bardstown, Kentucky, and subsequently a brigade in the Army of the Ohio, and served in the Alabama campaign and during General Buell's march into Kentucky, where he covered the rear of the army. At Perryville, October 8, 1862, where he distinguished himself for gallantry in leading a charge, he was severely wounded and left on the field for dead. He was captured, and while in captivity was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862. He was exchanged February 4, 1863, served in the Chickamauga campaign, and at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863, he was killed while leading a charge of his brigade. General Lytle was the author of a number of poems, the best-known of which is the poem beginning: "I am dying, Egypt, I am 'dying," first published July 29, 1858.

Mackenzie, Ranald S., brigadier-general, was born in Westchester county, New York, July 27, 1840, was graduated at West Point in 1862 and assigned to the engineers. He served as assistant engineer, 9th army corps, in the northern Virginia campaign, and was brevetted for gallantry at the battle of Manassas 1st lieutenant. He was attached to the engineer battalion in the Maryland campaign, participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, as engineer of General Sumner's grand division, on March 3, 1863, was promoted 1st lieutenant, two months later was brevetted captain for "gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia" He served in the Pennsylvania campaign as commander of an engineer company, was brevetted major for gallantry at Gettysburg, was promoted captain of engineers, November 6, 1863, and commanded the engineer company in the Richmond campaign. He commanded the 2nd Conn, artillery at the siege of Petersburg, was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for his gallantry there, in the following October was brevetted colonel for gallantry at Cedar creek, and was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers for meritorious services at the battles of Opequan, Fisher's hill and Middletown, Virginia On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general U. S. A. and major-general of volunteers "for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the rebellion," and he engaged in the battle of Five Forks, the pursuit of Lee's army, and was present at the surrender at Appomattox, April 9, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteer service, January 15, 1866, was promoted colonel in 1867, brigadier-general in 1882, and on March 24, 1884, was placed on the retired list, having been disabled "in the line of duty." General Mackenzie died on Staten island, New York, January 19, 1889.

Maltby, Jasper A., brigadier-general, was born in Kingsville, Ashtabula Page 158 county, Ohio, November 3, 1826. He served during the Mexican war as a private and was severely wounded at Chapultepec. On returning to private life he engaged in business at Galena, Illinois, and was engaged in mercantile pursuits there until the Civil war. He became lieutenant-colonel of the 45th Illinois infantry on December 26, 1861, and was promoted colonel March 5, 1863. He was wounded at Fort Donelson, and received a severe wound at Vicksburg while in command of his regiment. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, August 4, 1863, and served with the Army of the Tennessee during the subsequent campaigns, being mustered out of the service January 15, 1866. General Maltby was appointed by the military commander of the district mayor of Vicksburg, Mississippi, on Sept . 3, 1867, and died there December 12, 1867, while in the discharge of the duties of that office.

Mansfield, Joseph K. F., major-general, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, December 22, 1803. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1822 and assigned to the engineer corps, being engaged from then until the Mexican war on various engineering works. In the Mexican war, in which he served as chief engineer under General Taylor, he won the brevet of major for gallant and distinguished services in the defense of Fort Brown, which he had built; that of lieutenant-colonel for conduct at Monterey, and that of colonel for services at Buena Vista. On May 23, 1853, he was appointed inspector-general of the army, with the rank of colonel, and on May 14, 1861, he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers and placed in command of the Department of Washington. He fortified the city completely on every side, and on the return of General Wool to Fortress Monroe he commanded successively Camp Hamilton, Newport News, and Suffolk, and engaged in the capture of Norfolk. In 1862 he served on the court of inquiry on the battle of Bull Run, in Washington, and on July 18, 1862, he was made major-general of U. S. volunteers and assigned to command the corps formerly under General N. P. Banks. At the battle of Antietam, where he was at the head of his corps, he was mortally wounded early in the day while cheering on his troops in a charge, and he died on the battlefield, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, September 18, 1862.

Manson, Mahlon D., brigadier-general, was born at Piqua, Ohio, February 20, 1820. He removed to Indiana in early life, served in the Mexican war as captain in the 5th Indiana infantry, and was a representative in the Indiana state legislature in 1851-52. At the beginning of the Civil war he became captain in the 10th Indiana volunteers, soon afterwards major and colonel, and he commanded his regiment at Rich mountain, Virginia, July 11, 1861. He was in command of the 2nd brigade of the army of General George H. Thomas at the battle of Mill springs, Kentucky, January 19, 1862, and on March 24 he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. In April and May, 1862, he engaged in the skirmishes in front of Corinth, Mississippi, and at the disastrous battle of Richmond, Kentucky, he commanded the national forces before the arrival of General Nelson, being wounded and taken prisoner. He was exchanged in December, 1862, in the following March commanded the national forces in a skirmish with Pegram, and in July, 1863, was in command during the Morgan raid in Indiana and Ohio. He served with Burnside in east Tennessee, was placed at the head of the 23d army corps in September, 1863, and took part in the siege of Knoxville, Tennessee, and in various engagements in that state. He was severely wounded at the battle of Resaca, and resigned on account of his wounds, December 21, 1864. General Manson was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for governor of Indiana in 1864, and subsequently for secretary of state, but he was elected to the 42nd Congress, and in 1872 was elected auditor of the state of Indiana. He died in Crawfordsville, Indiana, February 4, 1895.

Marcy, Randolph B., brigadier-general, was born in Greenwich, Massachusetts, Page 159 April 9, 1812, and was graduated at the United States military academy in 1832. He served in the Black Hawk war, on frontier duty, took part in the military occupation of Texas, and was engaged in the war, with Mexico, being present at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. He afterwards was engaged in the explorations of the Red river, in the Seminole war in Florida, and in the Missouri and Utah expedition of 1857-58. He was promoted paymaster with the rank of major, August 22, 1859, and inspector-general with the rank of colonel August 9, 1861. He was chief-of-staff to General McClellan, his son-in-law, at the beginning of the war, was made brigadier-general September 23, 1861, engaged in the campaign of western Virginia May to July, 1861, and was in Washington from July, 1861, to August, 1862. He served during the war on inspection duty in the departments of the Northwest, the Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi and the Gulf, until 1865, and was on leave of absence, 1865-66. He was brevetted brigadier-general and major-general U. S. A., March 13; 1865, for faithful and meritorious services during the war. General Marcy was promoted inspector-general with the rank of brigadier-general U. S. A., December 12, 1878, and was retired from active service January 2, 1881. He contributed to magazines and wrote several books. He was a famous hunter. General Marcy died in Orange, New Jersey, November 22, 1887.

Marston, Gilman, brigadier-general, was born in Oxford, New Hampshire, August 20, 1811. He was brought up on his father's farm, taught school in order to pay his way through college, and was graduated at Dartmouth in 1837. He was then principal of an academy at Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1837-38, and was graduated at the Harvard law school in 1840. He was admitted to the bar in 1841, practiced in Exeter, New Hampshire, and was a representative in the state legislature in 1845-46-47 and 1848, subsequently in 1872-73-76-77, and during the biennial terms of 1879-80, 81-82, 83-84, 85-86 and 87-88. He was a delegate to the state constitutional conventions of 1850 and 1876. Early in 1861 he recruited the 2nd New Hampshire volunteers, of which he became colonel and which he led in the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. He served under McClellan on the Peninsula, and with Burnside at Fredericksburg, where his regiment was in the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps, and he was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers November 29, 1862. He served throughout the remainder of the war, being several times wounded, and resigned April 20, 1865. General Martston served in Congress from 1859 to 1863 and from 1865 to 1867, but was defeated for election to the 46th Congress. He declined an appointment as governor of Idaho territory, 1870. He served as United States senator, under appointment of Governor Sawyer, as successor to William E. Chandler, from February 15 to June 18, 1889. He died in Exeter, New Hampshire, July 3, 1890.

Martindale, John H., brigadier-general, was born at Sandy Hill, New York, March 20, 1815. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1835, but resigned his commission March 10, 1836, was engineer on the construction of the Saratoga & Washington railroad in 1836, and in 1838 was admitted to the bar. He practiced law in Batavia, New York, 1838-51, and in Rochester, New York, 1851-61, being district attorney for Genesee county, 1842-45 and 1847-51. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, August 9, 1861, and distinguished himself by the skillful handling of his brigade during the Peninsular campaign. At Hanover Court House, with about 1,000 men, he sustained the attack of a force of 4,000 until General Fitz-John Porter came up, thus saving the day, and his brigade was prominently engaged also at Gaines' mill and Malvern hill. In the retreat he exclaimed that he would rather surrender than desert the wounded, and for this General Porter brought charges against him, but he was fully exonerated by a court of inquiry. He was military governor of Oregon, 1862-64, was relieved at his own request in May, Page 160 1864, joined General Benjamin F. Butler's army and led a division in the operations south of Richmond and in the siege of Petersburg. He distinguished himself particularly at Cold Harbor, where he charged the Confederate earthworks four times with his division without the support of the 1st division, and, although repulsed, the front of his division was, at the close of the battle, within two hundred yards of the enemy's line. General Martindale was compelled by sickness to resign his commission, September 13, 1864, and on March 13, 1865, he was brevetted major-general of volunteers for gallantry at Malvern hill. He was attorney general for New York, 1866-68, and died in Nice, France, December 13, 1881. Mason, John S., brigadier-general, was born in Steubenville, Ohio, August 21, 1824. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1847, was assigned to the 3d artillery as 2nd lieutenant and served in the Mexican war in 1847-48. He was promoted 1st lieutenant in 1850, captain May 14, 1861, and was commissioned colonel of the 4th Ohio volunteers October 3, 1861. His regiment was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 2nd army corps, and he commanded the brigade in the battle of Fredericksburg after General Nathan Kimball was wounded. He was brevetted major, September 17, 1862, for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Antietam; lieutenant-colonel December 13, 1862, for similar services at Fredericksburg, and colonel and brigadier-general U. S. A., March 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious services during the war" and "in the field." He served after January 9, 1863, as brigadier-general of volunteers, his commission dating from November 29, 1862. He was mustered out of the volunteer service April 30, 1866. He was promoted major of the 17th infantry October 14, 1864, and after the war served chiefly on the frontier with different regiments, being promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 4th infantry, December 11, 1873, and colonel of the 9th infantry April 2, 1883. He was retired by operation of law, August 21, 1888, and died in Washington, D. C, November 29, 1897.

Matthies, Charles L., brigadier-general, was born in Bromberg, Prussia, May 31, 1824. He was educated in the university at Halle, then worked on his father's farm and afterwards served in the Prussian army. He came to America in the spring of 1849 and located at Burlington, Iowa, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was the first man in the United States to offer a military company to the government, his tender being made by letter, through Governor Kirkwood, January 9, 1861. He was mustered into the service as captain in the 1st Iowa infantry, May 14, 1861, and was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 5th Iowa infantry July 23, 1861, colonel May 23, 1862, and brigadier-general of volunteers November 29, 1862. General Matthies' record throughout the war was most creditable. He was present with his regiment during the Missouri campaign, at Island No. 10, and during the siege of Corinth, and especially distinguished himself at the battle of Iuka, where his regiment lost, out of an aggregate strength of 482, 217 men in killed, wounded and missing. After receiving his commission as brigadier-general General Matthies commanded the 3d brigade, 3d division, 15th army corps under Sherman, from Grand Gulf to Jackson and thence to the rear of Vicksburg, and won commendation from General Sherman for his efficient service. He afterwards had charge of the Nashville & Decatur railroad as far north as Lynnville, and the Memphis & Charleston railroad as far east as Huntsville, and in May, 1864, he fortified Decatur. He had been wounded at Chattanooga, and failing health compelled him to resign, May 16, 1864. General Matthies died October 16, 1868.

McArthur, John, brigadier-general, was born in Erskine, Scotland, November 17, 1826. He attended the public schools and worked in his father's blacksmith shop until 1849, when he immigrated to America and, locating Page 161 in Chicago, Illinois, secured employment as a boiler-maker and afterwards established a business of his own. He was captain of the "Highland Guards" attached to the state militia, and in 1861 this company volunteered and became part of the 12th Illinois regiment, of which he became colonel on May 3, 1861. He commanded a brigade under Grant at the assault on Fort Donelson in February, 1862, and for his gallantry was promoted brigadier-general on March 21 following. At Shiloh he received a wound in the foot during the first day's fight, but returned to the battle after the wound had been dressed and succeeded to the command of the 2nd division after General William H. L. Wallace was mortally wounded. He commanded a brigade at Corinth, October 3-4, 1862, and the 6th division, 17th army corps, Army of the Tennessee, during the Vicksburg campaign, May 1, 1863, to July 4, 1863. At the battle of Nashville, where he commanded a division under General A. J. Smith, he took a conspicuous part and distinguished himself by gallantry, leading his division in the assault of the salient point in the enemy's line after General Couch had refused the privilege of charging. For this he was brevetted major-general of volunteers, December 15, 1864. He was mustered out of the service, August 24, 1865, and returned to Chicago, where he was president of the board of commissioners of public works during the fire of 1871, and postmaster of the city from 1873-77.

McCall, George A., brigadier-general, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 16, 1802. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1822, served as aide-de-camp to General E. P. Gaines in the Seminole war of 1831-36, participated in the second war with the Seminoles, 1841-2, and was promoted captain in 1836 and major in 1847. He took part in the military occupation of Texas and the war with Mexico, being present at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, and winning the brevets of major and lieutenant-colonel for his gallantry. On his return from the Mexican war he was given a sword by the citizens of Philadelphia, and in 1850 he was appointed inspector-general of the army, with the rank of colonel, which position he resigned in 1853 to engage in farming in Chester county, Pennsylvania On May 15, 1861, he was commissioned major-general of Pennsylvania volunteers, and his division formed the extreme right of the defenses of Washington. He was commissioned brigadier-general of U. S. volunteers, May 17, 1861, and he commanded the reserves, which formed a division of three brigades, until June, 1862. He planned the successful movement against Dranesville, December 20, 1861, and commanded nil the national forces at the battle of Mechanicsville, June 26, 1862, where he repelled a vastly superior force. He led his brigade in the battle of Gaines' mill, June 27, 1862, and at the battle of New Market cross-roads, June 30, 1862, where he was taken prisoner. He was confined in Libby prison until August 18, was then on sick leave until March 31, 1863, when he resigned and retired to his farm in Pennsylvania. The citizens of Chester county presented him with a sword in August, 1862, and in 1864 he was the Democratic candidate for Congress. He died at Belair, Pennsylvania, February 26, 1868.

McCandless, William, brigadier-general, was born in the state of Pennsylvania and was one of the loyal citizens of that state that offered his services to the Federal government in the early days of the Civil war. He enlisted in the 31st Pennsylvania infantry, which was also known as the 2nd Pennsylvania reserves, and on June 21, 1861, was elected major of that organization. On July 24 with_ his regiment he left camp at Philadelphia and moved to Harrisburg, leaving that point at once for Baltimore and then proceeded to Harpers Ferry. On September 25 the regiment was assigned to the 1st brigade of the Pennsylvania reserves, becoming the second regiment of the brigade, and at the battle of Mechanicsville it received the brunt of the Page 162 attack without flinching and was highly praised by the commanding officer. On October 22 Major McCandless was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of his regiment and with it was active at Gaines' Mill and Glendale, but was in reserve at Malvern hill. He was commissioned colonel on August 1, 1862, was wounded at the second battle of Bull Run, and also participated at Chantilly and the sharp engagement on the old Hagerstown road, near Frederick, Maryland. At the head of his regiment he was with the 1st Pennsylvania reserves at South mountain. Antietam and Fredericksburg, and at the battle of Gettysburg participated in a brilliant charge in which many prisoners and the flag of the 15th Georgia infantry was captured. He was active with his regiment at Bristoe Station and in the Mine Run campaign, and during the Wilderness movement, on May 8, 1864, he was again wounded. He remained with his regiment, however, and participated in the battles of that campaign until June 1. his last engagement being at Shady Grove Church, and on June 16, 1864, he was mustered out of the service, the term for which the regiment enlisted having expired. On July 21, 1864, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, but declined the proffered honor and gave his attention to peaceful pursuits.

McClellan, George B., major-general, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1826. He received his early education in the schools of his native city and in 1841 entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he remained nearly two years. In 1842 he entered the U. S. military academy, being graduated second in the class of 1846, the largest that had ever left the academy, and he was first in the class in engineering. In June, 1846, he was commissioned brevet second lieutenant of engineers and in September of the same year accompanied the army to Mexico, being assigned to a company of sappers and miners which had just been organized. He distinguished himself under General Scott in the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, and Chapultepec, and was commissioned second lieutenant and brevetted captain for gallantry in action. The intrepid act which won him the brevet of captain occurred while General Worth's division was camped on the Puebla road preparatory to the advance on the City of Mexico. McClellan went out at early dawn on a personal scouting expedition, accompanied only by an orderly. On mounting a ridge he came suddenly upon a Mexican engineer officer who, it afterward developed, was engaged in the same work. Taking in the situation at a glance, McClellan dashed forward and with his large American horse rode down the Mexican, disarmed him, handed him over to his orderly and then climbed to the summit of the ridge, from which he discovered a body of 2,5oo cavalry forming for attack. He promptly returned with his prisoner to camp, the "long-roll" was beaten, and the next night found General Worth occupying Puebla. At the close of the Mexican war Captain McClellan was assigned to the command of the engineer corps to which he was attached and returned with it to West Point, where he acted as assistant instructor in practical engineering until 1851, when he was put in charge of the construction of Fort Delaware. In the following year he went on the Red River exploring expedition with Captain R. B. Marcy. In the meantime he had written and published a "Manual on the Art of War." In 1853 and 1854 he was on duty in Washington territory and Oregon and commenced a topographical survey for the Pacific railway. In 1855 he was one of three American officers sent to observe the campaign in the Crimea, the other two being Major Richard Delafield and Major Alfred Mordecai. After their experience in Crimea the members of this commission traveled through various European countries, examining military posts and fortresses and acquainting themselves with the military methods in use, and on returning each of the three made an official report, Captain McClellan's being on the arms, equipment and organization of the European armies. In January, 1857, McClellan, who had been promoted to a fall captaincy and transferred to the 1st cavalry, resigned his commission to accept the position of chief engineer and afterward vice-president of the Illinois Central railroad company, and later he was made president of the eastern division of the Ohio & Mississippi railroad company. On May 22, 1860, he married Ellen Mary Marcy, daughter of Captain (afterward General) Randolph B. Marcy, and settled in Cincinnati, Ohio. At the outbreak of the Civil war he was in an excellent business position, as regards both salary and prospects, and had every temptation to refrain from offering his services in the war, had not his patriotism and his character as a soldier forced him to do so. He volunteered for the service and on April 23, 1861, was commissioned major-general of Ohio volunteers, but by the recommendation of General Scott, who knew his value, on May 3 following he was placed in command of the Department of the Ohio. He issued a proclamation to the Union men of western Virginia and an address to his soldiers, and then entered upon the western Virginia campaign, during which he freed that section from secessionists and preserved it to the Union. He was then summoned to Washington and assigned to the command of the Division of the Potomac as major-general, U. S. A., and on November 1, 1861, he was made commander-in-chief of the Federal forces. He was one of the few who foresaw a long war and he discerned the necessity of making a most careful preparation for it; of organizing what should be a real army, like the armies he had seen in Europe, and not a mere mass of untrained, undisciplined volunteers or militia; and of erecting fortifications or some kind of defenses for the extensive exposed frontier lines of the loyal states. The promptness with which he collected and organized the military resources of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, satisfied the authorities at Washington that he was at least the right man in the right place, and he may be said to have been called upon to save the government, after the disastrous retreat of the Federal army from the field of the first Bull Run. It was he who created the Army of the Potomac, and even the delays and apparent inertness at Yorktown, where it seemed that he was fortifying against the air, were the means by which McClellan was training his men to understand and apply the rules of war. His Peninsular campaign in the spring of 1862 was based on the distinct understanding that the army which he then controlled should not be diminished; and had it not been for the withdrawal of General McDowell's force of 40,000 men from the neighborhood of Fredericksburg, it is highly probable that McClellan's army would have entered Richmond before the end of June. On June 28 McClellan wrote to the secretary of war, stating that if he had been sustained by the government he could have captured Richmond, and in enclosing this despatch to Stanton he exhibited the deep chagrin and unhappiness which he felt in these words: "If I save this army now, I tell you plainly that I owe no thanks to you or to any persons in Washington; you have done your best to sacrifice this army." He had fought the battle of Gaines' mill and had begun his movement to the James, the most remarkable general retreat during the war, and in some respects the most remarkable in the history of any war, inasmuch as the result was not utter disaster to the general making the movement. The battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill and White Oak swamp were followed by Savage Station and the fighting at Frazier's farm, where McClellan had a line eight miles in length attacked at once by "Stonewall" Jackson, Magruder, Longstreet, and Hill. The army succeeded in reaching Harrison's landing, just before which another attack was made along the whole line at Malvern hill, where the Confederates, although fighting magnificently, were finally defeated. Finally, on August 30, 1862, McClellan was relieved of his command and Page 164 superseded by General Pope, whereupon followed the second disaster at Bull Run. With a smaller force than was subsequently put at the disposal of some of his successors, McClellan had encountered the largest Confederate army that ever took the field, in the very flower of its vigor, and commanded by the greatest Confederate captains of the Civil war. He had shown strategical and tactical ability of a high order, out-maneuvering, out-witting and out-fighting the enemy throughout the entire campaign, and he had displayed personal qualities that gained and kept the love of his soldiers through every trial. On the night of August 30, after he had been relieved from command, he asked for permission to go to the front as a volunteer, that he might be with his own men. "If it is not deemed best," he said, "to intrust me with the command even of my own army, I simply ask to be permitted to share their fate on the battle-field." The request was put aside. The battles of Gainesville, Groveton, Manassas, and Chantilly, ended in disastrous defeat to the Federal arms, and McClellan was then a second time called upon to save the government and the capital at Washington. On September 2 President Lincoln came to him at his house in Washington, informed him that he (Lincoln) regarded Washington as lost, and asked him if he would under the circumstances consent to accept command of all the forces. Without a moment's hesitation and without making any conditions whatever, McClellan at once said that he would accept the command and would stake his life that he would save the city. On the evening of the same day he rode to the front and was received with enthusiasm by the beaten and weary but undisheartened soldiers, and before the day broke on the following morn the troops were all in position prepared to repulse an attack and the capital of the nation was safe. On September 3 the enemy disappeared from the neighborhood of Washington, with the design of crossing the upper Potomac into Maryland, and the same day McClellan began his counter movement, reporting the facts to General Halleck, general-in-chief of the army, by whom he was informed that his command included only the defenses of Washington and did not extend to any active column that might be moved out beyond the line of works. This was the condition of affairs on September 7, when, Lee having crossed into Maryland at Leesburg and was concentrating at Frederick City, it became absolutely necessary that his army should be met. As General McClellan was afterward accused of assuming command without authority, for nefarious purposes, his own statement of the case is of interest: "As the time had now arrived for the army to advance, and I had received no orders to take command of it, but had been expressly told that the assignment of a commander had not been decided, I determined to solve the question for myself, and when I moved out from Washington with my staff and personal escort I left my card with P. P. C written upon it, at the White House, War Office, and Secretary Seward's house, and went on my way. * * * I fought the battles of South mountain and Antietam with a halter around my neck, for if the Army of the Potomac had been defeated and I had survived I would * * * probably have been condemned to death. I was fully aware of the risk I ran, but the path of duty was clear and I tried to follow it." But the Army of the Potomac was not defeated. McClellan carried Crampton's gap and Turner's gap on September 14 by one of the most spirited combats of the war in the battle of South Mountain, and on September 17 attacked Lee and won the great battle of Antietam, forcing the enemy to retreat across the Potomac on the evening of the following day. Yet he was still in disgrace among the Republican party heads at Washington. It was charged upon him that he did not follow Lee as he should have done, and soon afterward he was relieved by General Burnside who was presently defeated at Fredericksburg and was succeeded in turn by General Hooker, Page 165 who immediately went into winter cantonment. From Antietam to Gettysburg the history of the Army of the Potomac was a history of defeat and disaster, during which time McClellan had virtually been placed in retirement, and in fact his brilliant and victorious Maryland campaign closed his military career. In 1864 he was nominated for the presidency of the United States by the Democratic party, and he resigned his commission in the army on election day of that year; but when the votes were counted it was found that he had been defeated, receiving a popular vote of 1,80o,000, while Mr. Lincoln polled 2,20o,000. From that time until his death General McClellan was engaged in various important civil pursuits. He made a visit to Europe and on his return, in 1868, settled at Orange Mountain, New Jersey In 1870 he was appointed by the mayor of New York city engineer-in-chief of the department of docks, and in 1871 was offered the nomination for comptroller of the city, which honor he declined. On November 6, 1877, he was elected governor of New Jersey, serving until 1881, and later he settled in New York, where a number of friends presented him with a handsome residence, and where he superintended several important enterprises. General McClellan died at South Orange, New Jersey, October 29, 1885. He left two children, a daughter and a son, the latter of whom, George B. McClellan, Jr., is now (1907) mayor of Greater New York.

McClernand, John A., major-general, was born near Hardinsburg, Kentucky, May 30, 1812. He moved with his mother, after the death of his father in 1816, to Shawneetown, Illinois, where he was brought up on a farm, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832. In the same year he volunteered for the Black Hawk war, and on his return engaged in trade for a time, and then, in 1835, established at Shawneetown a paper called the "Democrat," which he edited, at the same time practicing law. He was a representative in the state legislature, 1836-42, and was appointed by the legislature commissioner and treasurer of the Illinois & Michigan canal. He was a presidential elector on the Van Buren and Johnson ticket in 1840, and was a Democratic representative in Congress in 1843-51, and again in 1859-61. He resigned his seat in the 37th Congress to enter the United States volunteer army, and with N. B. Buford, John A. Logan and Philip B. Fouke he raised the McClernand brigade and was appointed by President Lincoln brigadier-general, May 17, 1861. At the battle of Belmont he commanded the 1st brigade of Grant's army, and at Fort Donelson he did good service, commanding the right of the national line. He was made major-general of volunteers March 21, 1862; commanded the 1st division, Army of the Tennessee at Shiloh, and in January, 1863, relieved General Sherman in command of the expedition for the capture of Vicksburg. He afterwards took part in the storming and capture of Arkansas Post, and was at Port Gibson, Champion's hill, and Big Black river, and also at the siege of Vicksburg. He was charged by Grant with failing to support the troops engaged in the battle of Champion's hill, and he was relieved of his command in July, 1863. He was reinstated by President Lincoln, January 31, 1864, but resigned from the army on account of ill health, November 30, 1864, and in 1865 resumed his law practice in Springfield. He was circuit judge for the Sangamon district 1870-73; chairman of the Democratic national convention in St. Louis in 1876, and was appointed a member of the Utah commission by President Cleveland in 1888. General McClernand died in Springfield, Illinois, September 20, 1890.

McCook, Alexander McD., major-general, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, April 22, 1831. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1852, served for a time on garrison duty, was then engaged against the Apaches in New Mexico until 1857, and was subsequently assistant instructor in infantry tactics at West Point, becoming Page 166 1st lieutenant in 1858. At the beginning of the Civil war he was commissioned colonel of the 1st Ohio regiment, with which he engaged in the defenses of Washington, May-July, 1861. He was promoted captain in the 3d U. S. infantry, May 14, 1861; participated in the skirmish at Vienna, Virginia, June 17, and at the battle of Bull Run, where he commanded his regiment, he won the brevet of major for gallantry. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers September 3, 1861, and commanded a brigade in the operations in Kentucky, from October to December, 1861, and the 2nd division, Army of the Ohio, under Major-General Buell in the Tennessee and Mississippi campaign, February-June, 1862. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel at the capture of Nashville, March 3, 1862, and colonel on April 7, for services at Shiloh. In the advance upon the siege of Corinth he commanded the reserve of the Army of the Ohio, his division engaging, however, at Bridge creek and at Serratt's hill, and he then served in northern Alabama and in east Tennessee, being commissioned major-general of volunteers July 17, 1862. He was then placed in command of the 20th army corps, with which he served in the campaigns of Perryville, Stone's river, Tullahoma and Chickamauga. He was relieved of his command, October 6, 1863, shortly after the battle of Chickamauga, and asked for a court of inquiry which found him free from all blame. He was engaged in the defense of Washington on July 11 and 12, 1864, was assigned to duties in the middle division in November, 1864, and in February, 1865, was placed in command of the eastern district of Arkansas. He represented the war department in the investigation of Indian affairs May 6, 1865. On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general U. S. A. for gallant and meritorious services at Perryville, and major-general U. S. A., for services in the field during the war. General McCook was mustered out of the volunteer service, October 21, 1865; was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 26th infantry, March 5, 1867; served subsequently on the staff of General W. T. Sherman, and was promoted colonel of the 6th infantry, December 16, 1880, commanding the infantry and cavalry school at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was appointed brigadier-general July 11, 1890; major-general November 9, 1894, and retired by operation of law, April 22, 1895. He represented the United States at the coronation of the czar of Russia, at Moscow, May 24, 1896, and was a member of the commission appointed by President McKinley to investigate the war department during the war with Spain, September 23, 1898, to February 10, 1899.

McCook, Daniel, brigadier-general, was born in Carrollton, Ohio, July 22, 1834. He was graduated at Alabama university, studied law in Steubenville and became a partner of William T. Sherman and Thomas Ewing in Leavenworth, Kansas When the war opened the law office was closed and soon all three partners became generals. Daniel McCook volunteered as captain of a local company in a Kansas regiment and served under General Nathaniel Lyon at Wilson's creek. He was subsequently chief of staff of the 1st division of the Army of the Ohio during the Shiloh campaign, was commissioned colonel of the 52nd Ohio infantry, July 15, 1862, and was at once assigned to command a brigade under General W. T. Sherman. He served with distinction at the battles of Perryville and Chickamauga, and continued to command a brigade in the Army of the Cumberland during the Atlanta campaign. He was selected by General Sherman to lead the assault on the southern slope of Kennesaw mountain, June 27, 1864, and had reached the top of the enemy's works and was encouraging his men to follow him, when he fell, mortally wounded. For his gallantry he was given the full rank of brigadier-general of volunteers to date from July 16, 1864. He died from the effect of his wound, July 17, 1864.

McCook, Edward M., brigadier-general, was born in Steubenville, Page 167 Ohio, June 15, 1833. He received a common school education, was one of the early settlers of the Pike's Peak region, where he practiced law and represented that district in the Kansas legislature. Prior to the war he was a volunteer secret agent of the United States government, and in recognition of this service he was appointed 2nd lieutenant in the 4th U. S. cavalry, May 1, 1861. He was promoted 1st lieutenant in July, 1862. In the volunteer service he served successively as major, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel of the 2nd Indiana cavalry, was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, April 27, 1864, brevetted major-general of volunteers March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war, and he was mustered out of the volunteer service January 15, 1866. He was brevetted in the regular army 1st lieutenant for gallantry at Shiloh; captain for services at Perryville; major for conduct in the battle of Chickamauga; lieutenant colonel for gallant and meritorious services during the cavalry operations of east Tennessee; colonel, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the capture of Selma, Alabama, and brigadier-general at the same time in recognition of gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war. General McCook resigned his commission in the regular army in May, 1866, and as minister to Hawaii, 1866-69, he concluded the peace that led to annexation. He was territorial governor of Colorado under appointment from President Grant, from 1869 to 1875.

McCook, Robert L., brigadier-general, was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, December 28, 1827. He attended school until he reached the age of twenty, then entered his father's office as deputy clerk of Carroll county, subsequently studied law and practiced in Steubenville, Columbus, and Cincinnati, Ohio, until 1861, when he organized the 9th Ohio volunteers and became colonel of the regiment on May 8. He participated in the West Virginia campaign under McClellan, took part in the action at Carnifix Ferry, W. Virginia, August 10, 1861, and was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers March 21, 1862. At the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky, where he distinguished himself and was wounded, he commanded the 3d brigade under General George H. Thomas. He accompanied the brigade across Tennessee from Stevenson to Decherd, and, although ill, he refused to desert his post, and directed the movements of his troops from an ambulance. On August 4, while his escorts were reconnoitering, he was shot by Confederate guerrillas as he lay helpless in his ambulance. He died from the wound, near Decherd, Tennessee, August 6, 1862.

McDowell, Irvin, major-general, was born in Ohio, October 18, 1818, received his early education at the College of Troves in France, and was graduated at West Point in 1838, becoming second lieutenant in the 1st artillery. He was recalled to the military academy in 1841, and served four years, first as assistant instructor in infantry tactics, and afterward as adjutant. On the outbreak of the Mexican trouble he was appointed aide-de-camp to General John E. Wool, and took a creditable part at the battle of Buena Vista in 1847, which earned for him the brevet of captain. He continued with the army of occupation for a while, and was then made assistant adjutant-general in the war department serving in Washington, New York, and elsewhere, and attaining the rank of major on March 31, 1856. After the Civil war was declared he occupied himself in organizing volunteer companies at the capital until he was made brigadier-general, May 14, 1861, and assigned to the command of the Department of northeastern Virginia. On May 29 he was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, and in such command fought the well-planned but unsuccessful battle of the first Bull Run. On March 14, 1862, he was made major-general of volunteers, and took part in the engagements of Cedar mountain, Rappahannock Station, and the second battle of Manassas, but ill fortune continued to follow him and he was retired from active duty on the field, September 6, 1862. On July 1, 1864, he was assigned to the command of the Department of the Pacific, and on July 27, 1865, he was transferred to the Department of California, holding the latter office until March 31, 1868. Meanwhile he was mustered out of the volunteer service and received the brevet of major-general, U. S. A., September 1, 1866. In July, 1868, he was assigned to the Department of the East, and on November 25, 1872, he was promoted major-general. After this he had command of the division of the South until June 30, 1876, and again of the Department of the Pacific until his retirement, October 15, 1882. General McDowell died in San Francisco, May 4, 1885.

McGinnis, George F., brigadier-general, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, March 19, 1826. He was educated in the common schools of Maine and Ohio and he served in the Mexican war as 1st lieutenant and subsequently captain in the 2nd Ohio volunteers. Enlisting for the Civil war as a private in the 11th Indiana infantry on April 11, 1861, he was a few days later made captain and then lieutenant-colonel under Colonel Lew Wallace, and on September 6, 1861, he became colonel of the regiment. He was promoted brigadier-general on September 29, 1862. General McGinnis commanded his regiment and distinguished himself at the capture of Fort Donelson, and in the battle of Shiloh he commanded the 1st brigade, 3d division. He took part with a portion of his regiment in the Yazoo pass expedition in February, 1863; commanded the 1st brigade, 12th division, 13th army corps, Army of the Tennessee, in the Vicksburg campaign, May-July 4, 1863, and subsequently served in the west until the close of the war. He was mustered out of the service August 24, 1865, settled in Indianapolis, Indiana, and from 1867 to 1871 he was auditor of Marion County, Indiana He was appointed postmaster at Indianapolis in 1897.

Mcintosh, John B., brigadier-general, was born in Tampa, Florida, June 6, 1829. He entered the United States navy as midshipman in 1848, but resigned in 1850, and in 1861 he entered the United States army, being appointed 2nd lieutenant, 2nd cavalry, on June 8 of that year. He was transferred to the 5th cavalry, August 3, 1861; promoted 1st lieutenant June 27, 1862, and captain December 7, 1863. He served in the Shenandoah valley and in the defenses of Washington and subsequently in the operations of the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula, and was brevetted major August 5, 1862, for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of White Oak swamp. He served under McClellan at South mountain and Antietam, became colonel of the 3d Pennsylvania cavalry on November 15, 1862, and commanded a brigade in the Chancellorsville campaign and at Gettysburg, where he won the brevet of lieutenant-colonel for gallantry. He was severely injured by a fall of his horse in September, 1863. He commanded a brigade in Grant's campaign against Richmond, taking part in Sheridan's raid at Trevilian station, May and June, 1864, including the battle of Ashland on June 1, for which he was brevetted colonel and given a commission as brigadier-general of volunteers. He lost his leg at the battle of Opequan, or Winchester, September 19, 1864, and on his recovery he was placed on court-martial duty. On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Winchester; major-general U. S. A. for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war, and major-general of volunteers for distinguished gallantry and good management at the battle of Opequan. He was mustered out of the volunteer service April 30, 1866, and was made lieutenant-colonel of the 42nd infantry on July 28 of that year. He was governor of the Soldiers' Home, Washington, D. C, 1868-69; served as a member of the retiring board of New York city, and was retired with the rank of brigadier-general July 30, 1870. He died in New Brunswick, New Jersey, June 29. 1888.

McKean, Thomas J., brigadier-general, was born in Burlington, Pennsylvania, August 21, 1810. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1831 and assigned to the 4th infantry, but resigned in 1834, and engaged in civil engineering. He served during the Florida war, 1837-38, as adjutant of the 1st Pennsylvania volunteers; and in the Mexican war failing to secure an appointment he served as a private and afterwards as sergeant-major in the 15th infantry, engaging at Contreras, at Churubusco, where he was wounded, and at Molino del Rey, the storming of Chapultepec, and the capture of the City of Mexico. He was brevetted 2nd lieutenant of dragoons in June, 1848, but declined and returned to civil engineering, in which profession he attained some prominence. He was appointed additional paymaster of U. S. volunteers; June 1, 1861, and promoted brigadier-general of volunteers November 21, 1861. He commanded Jefferson City and the central district of Missouri from December, 1861, to March, 1862, and served in the Mississippi campaign until July, 1862. He subsequently commanded Benton barracks at St. Louis, Missouri, until September, and Corinth, Mississippi, from September to October, and in the battle of Corinth, October 3-4, 1862, he commanded the 6th division, Army of West Tennessee. From January to June, 1863, General McKean was in command of the District of Missouri, and after that he was in command successively of the districts of Nebraska and South Kansas. He was chief of cavalry, Department of the Gulf, from September to October, 1864, was then on court-martial duty until December, and subsequently commanded successively the districts of West Florida, Morganza, Louisiana, and southwest Missouri. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war, and was honorably mustered out August 24, 1865. After the war he became a farmer near Marion, Iowa, where he was mayor of the town in 1865, and in 1869 he was offered the office of pension agent for the eastern district of Iowa, but declined. He was a delegate to the Republican national convention at Chicago, Illinois, May 20, 1868. General McKean died in Marion, Iowa, April 19, 1870.

McKinstry, Justus, brigadier-general, was born in New York about 1818, was graduated at the United States military academy in 1838 and assigned to the 2nd infantry. He was promoted 1st lieutenant in 1841, and in the Mexican war he led a company of volunteers at Contreras and Churubusco, and was brevetted major for gallantry. He participated also in the battle of Chapultepec and was promoted captain January 12, 1848. He subsequently served on quartermaster duty, and on August 3, 1861, he was promoted major and quartermaster, and was stationed at St. Louis and attached to the staff of General John C Fremont. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers September 2, 1861, and commanded a division on General Fremont's march to Springfield. He was subsequently accused of dishonesty in his transactions as quartermaster and was arrested on November 11, 1861, by General Hunter, who succeeded Fremont. After almost a year of imprisonment and release on parole, he was tried by court-martial in October, 1862, and on January 28, 1863, he was dismissed from the army for neglect and violation of duty. He afterwards became a stock-broker in New York and then a land-agent in Rolla, Missouri He died December 11, 1897.

McLean, Nathaniel C, brigadier-general, was born in Warren county, Ohio, February 2, 1815. He was graduated at Augusta college with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1834, took a post-graduate course at Harvard, 1834-36, and in 1838 was graduated LL.B, from the Harvard law school. In that year he married a daughter of Judge Jacob Burnet and moved to Cincinnati, where he practiced law. He entered the service of the United States as colonel of the 75th Ohio infantry, his commission dating from September 18, 1861, and, being ordered to western Virginia, he was Page 170 assigned to Milroy's brigade, Schenck's army, and at the battle of MacDowell, May 8, 1862, he led his regiment up the side of the mountain and dislodged the entrenched army of General T. J. Jackson. In the engagements of Fremont's army, June 1-9, 1862, he served in Schenck's brigade, and on November 29, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. He commanded the 2nd brigade, 1st division, nth army corps, at the battle of Chancellorsville, and when General Charles Devens was wounded he succeeded to the command of the division. He resigned his commission, April 20, 1865, and resumed the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. Subsequently he moved to Bellport, New York, where he lived for many years.

McMillan, James W., brigadier-general, was born in Clark county, Kentucky, April 28, 1825. He removed to Illinois, and in the Mexican war served as sergeant in the 4th Illinois infantry, and also in a Louisiana regiment. He was commissioned by President Lincoln colonel of the 1st Indiana artillery, July 24, 1861, and he was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862. He was engaged with the army of General B. F. Butler, which cooperated with the naval force under Farragut in the opening of the Mississippi, and captured the Confederate blockade-runner "Fox," one of the richest prizes of the war. General McMillan particularly distinguished himself in the Red River campaign, where, after General Franklin was wounded and General Emory assumed command of the corps, he succeeded to the command of the 1st division. With this division he held the ground at Sabine cross-roads and covered the retreat of the Federal army, saving it from destruction. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 5, 1865, and resigned from the army May 15 following. He subsequently received an appointment as a member of the board of review of the United States pension office. General McMillan died March 9, 1903.

McNeil, John, brigadier-general, was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, February 14, 1813. He learned the hatter's trade in Boston, Massachusetts, engaged in the business first in New York city and subsequently for many years in St. Louis, Missouri, and was a member of the Missouri legislature, 1844-45. He was president of the Pacific insurance legislature, 1855-61. He was captain of a volunteer company early in 1861, was promoted colonel of the 3d regiment, U. S. reserve corps, and on July 17, 1861, he defeated, with about 60o men, the Confederate forces under General David B. Harris at Fulton, Missouri He was then placed in command of the city of St. Louis by General Fremont, and on August 3, 1861, he was appointed colonel of the 19th Missouri volunteers. In 1862 he took command of a cavalry regiment, and of the district of northeast Missouri, which he cleared of guerrillas. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862; was ordered into southeastern Missouri in December of that year, and in the spring of 1863 he held Cape Girardeau with 1,700 men against General Marmaduke's force of 10,000. In 1864 he was appointed to command the district of Rolla, Missouri, and with the assistance of General John B. Sanborn, Clinton B. Fisk and E. B. Brown he saved the capital from Price's army. Afterwards he joined his cavalry force with that of General Brown and participated in the campaign which led to the defeat of Price's army at Newtonia, October 28, 1864. He then commanded central Missouri until April 12, 1865, when he resigned. He was given the brevet rank of major-general of volunteers in recognition of faithful and meritorious services during the war, to date from the day of his resignation. General McNeil was clerk of the criminal court in St . Louis county, 1865-67; sheriff of the county, 1866-70, and clerk of the criminal court again, 1875-76. He was in 1876 commissioner to the Centennial exhibition in Philadelphia; was an inspector in the U. S. Indian service in 1878 and 1882, and at the Page 171 time of his death was superintendent of the United States post-office, St. Louis branch. He died in St. Louis, Missouri, June 8, 1891.

McPherson, James B., major-general, was born in Sandusky county, Ohio, November 14, 1828; entered West Point from his native state, in 1849, and graduated at the head of his class, June 30, 1853, being at once appointed brevet second lieutenant of engineers and assistant instructor of practical engineering at the academy, a compliment never before awarded to so young an officer. He was next appointed assistant engineer on the defences of New York harbor, and on the improvement of the navigation of the Hudson river, having previously been made full second lieutenant 6f engineers. In January, 1857, he was placed in charge of the construction of Fort Delaware, and subsequently of the erection of fortifications on Alcatraz island, San Francisco bay, California, and was also connected with the survey of the Pacific coast. In December, 1858, he was promoted to first lieutenant, and in 1861 was ordered from the Pacific coast to take charge of the fortifications of Boston harbor. The same year he was made captain, and upon the appointment of Major-General Halleck to the command of the Department of the West in November, he was chosen aide-de-camp to that general, and at the same time was promoted as lieutenant-colonel. In the expeditions against Forts Henry and Donelson he was chief engineer of the Army of the Tennessee, and subsequently was at Shiloh and as colonel on General Halleck's staff held the chief engineering charge of the approaches to Corinth which ended in its evacuation. On May 15, 1862, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, and appointed general superintendent of military railroads in the district of West Tennessee the following June. In September, 1862, General McPherson held a position on the staff of General Grant and for his gallantry at Corinth was promoted to be major-general, dating from October 8, rising to that position in the short space of nine years, and by merit alone. From that time till the close of the siege of Vicksburg, during which he commanded the center of the Federal army, his career was one course of triumph. Upon Grant's recommendation General McPherson was immediately confirmed a brigadier-general in the regular army, dating from August 1, 1863, and soon after conducted a column into Mississippi and repulsed the enemy at Canton. In the memorable expedition to Meridian he was second in command to General Sherman, and during the Atlanta campaign his command was the Department of the Tennessee, including the entire 15th, 16th, and 17th corps. He distinguished himself at Resaca, Dallas, Allatoona, Kolb's farm, and Kennesaw mountain. In superintending the advance of his skirmish line in the battle before Atlanta, on July 22, 1864, he had ridden from left to right, and was returning when he was suddenly confronted by a party of the enemy's skirmishers, and received a shot in the breast, causing almost instant death. Meade, George G., major-general, was born at Cadiz, Spain, during the consulship of his father at that port, in 1815. At an early age he was sent to the boys' school in Washington, D. C., at that time kept by Salmon P. Chase, afterward chief-justice of the United States supreme court. Subsequently he attended the military academy near Philadelphia, and, in 1831, entered the academy at West Point, whence he graduated in 1835, as brevet second lieutenant of the 3d artillery. The same year he was made second lieutenant, and served in Florida in the Seminole war. The state of his health induced him to resign his commission in 1836, and he became a civil_ engineer; but, in 1842, he again entered the army, as second lieutenant in the corps of topographical engineers, and in that capacity served in the Mexican war. During this campaign he was attached to the staff of General Taylor, and afterward to that of General Scott, distinguishing himself at Palo Alto and Monterey, and receiving, as an Page 172 acknowledgment of his gallantry, a brevet of first lieutenant, dated September 23, 1846, and also upon his return to Philadelphia, a splendid sword from his townsmen. During the interim between the Mexican war and the Civil war, having been promoted to a full first lieutenancy in August, 1851, arid to a captaincy of engineers in May, 1855. he was engaged in the particular duties of his department, more especially in the survey of the northern lakes; but upon the call of the government for men in 1861, he was ordered to report at Washington, and upon the organization of the Pennsylvania reserve corps, was made a brigadier-general of volunteers and assigned the command of the 2nd brigade, his commission dating August 31, 1861. During the Seven Days' battles General Meade was severely wounded, but soon recovered and, in September, 1862, took command of a division in Reynolds' 1st army corps, which he conducted with great skill and bravery during the Maryland campaign. At Antietam, when General Hooker was wounded, General Meade was placed in command of the corps and fought bravely the remainder of the day, receiving a slight wound and having two horses killed under him. He received the appointment of major-general of volunteers on November 29, and took part in the battle of Fredericksburg, displaying courage and coolness during the engagement . In June, 1863, when Lee was advancing up the Shenandoah valley to invade Maryland and Pennsylvania, General Meade was suddenly and unexpectedly called to succeed General Hooker in the command of the Army of the Potomac, and he displayed masterly ability throughout the three days' battle of Gettysburg. Following this engagement, about July 18, he moved his army across the Potomac into Virginia, where he had several skirmishes with the enemy in October and November, and he was in command of the Army of the Potomac during the operations against Richmond in 1864. On June 18, 1862, General Meade was promoted to the rank of major of engineers in the regular army, and on July 3, 1863, was advanced by the several grades of lieutenant-colonel and colonel to the brigadier-generalship in the regular army. During the session of 1863-64 he received the thanks of Congress, and was on February 1, 1865, promoted a major-general in the regular army, his commission dating from August 18, 1864. In the reconstruction of the military divisions after the war, General Meade was given the command of the division of the Atlantic, with headquarters at Philadelphia, where he resided in the house presented to his wife by his fellow-citizens, in grateful recognition of his eminent services. He died at this residence in Philadelphia, November 6, 1872.

Meagher, Thomas F., brigadier-general, was born in Waterford, Ireland, August 3, 1823. He attended the Jesuit college at Clongowes, Kildare, 1832-36, and then Stonyhurst college, near Preston, England, where he remained until 1843 and became one of the leaders of the revolutionary Young Ireland party in 1846. In consequence of his actions and incendiary speeches he was arrested on charge of sedition, in March, 1848, was bailed, but after the passage of the treason felony act was rearrested and sentenced to death. The sentence was subsequently commuted to banishment for life, and he was sent to Van Dieman's island, in 1849, whence he escaped in 1852, and, coming to the United States, studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1856 and practiced in New York city until the Civil war. In 1861 he organized a company of volunteers and joined the 69th New York regiment under Colonel Michael Corcoran. He was acting major of the regiment in the battle of Bull Run and had a horse shot under him; and he then returned to New York and was mustered out of the service with his regiment. In the winter of 1861-62 he recruited the Irish brigade, was elected colonel of the 1st regiment, and on February 3, 1862, was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and given command of the brigade. He was present at the battles of Fair Oaks, Gaines' mill, Malvern Page 173 Hill, Frazier's farm, second Bull Run, Antietam, where his horse was shot under him, and Chancellorsville. At Fredericksburg he was wounded in the leg. General Meagher gave up his commission after the battle of Chancellorsville, but was reappointed brigadier-general early in 1864 and commanded the district of Etowah, Georgia In January, 1865, he was ordered to Savannah, Georgia, where he was mustered out, May 15, 1865. After leaving the service General Meagher was appointed territorial secretary of Montana, and while acting governor in the absence of Governor Sidney Edgerton he embarked on an expedition to protect the white settlers from the Indians, and was drowned in the Missouri river, by falling off a steamboat, near Fort Benton, Mont., July 1, 1867.

Meigs, Montgomery C, brigadier-general, was born in Augusta, Georgia, May 3, 1816. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1836 and assigned to the artillery; was transferred to the engineer corps in 1837; promoted 1st lieutenant in 1838, and in 1853 captain. He was employed at first on Mississippi river surveys, and in 1839-41 was a member of the board of engineers for Atlantic coast line defenses. He was subsequently superintending engineer successively in the building of Forts Delaware, Wayne, Porter and Ontario, and at Montgomery. From 185260 he planned and constructed the aqueduct from Great Falls, Maryland, to Washington, D. G, and he superintended also the building of the new wings and iron dome of the capitol extension, the extension of the United States post-office building and the repairs on Fort Madison, Maryland In April, 1861, he was appointed chief engineer to organize and conduct the expedition for the relief of Fort Pickens, and in October was sent to take charge of the building of Fort Jefferson. He was promoted colonel of the 11th infantry, May 14, 1865, and the next day was commissioned brigadier-general of staff and quartermaster-general of the United States army, which position he continued to hold until his retirement in 1882. General Meigs was engaged during the war in directing the equipment and supplies of the army in the field, generally from headquarters at Washington, but was present at the battle of Bull Run; engaged in the Chattanooga campaign, November, 1863; commanded General Grant's base of supplies at Belle Plain and Fredericksburg, May 16-18, 1864, and was sent on a special mission to Bermuda Hundred, May 21-26, 1864. When the national capital was threatened, in July, 1864, he commanded a brigade of quartermaster's employees. He was brevetted major-general U. S. A., on July 5, 1864, for distinguished and meritorious services during the war. He was stationed at Savannah, Georgia, in January, 1865, equipping General Sherman's armies, and in March was sent to Goldsboro, directing the opening of communications for again supplying Sherman's army. After the war General Meigs traveled in Europe, 1867-68, for his health, and again in 1875-76 to examine the organization of European armies as a member of the commission for reform and reorganization of the army. He was a member of the board to prepare plans for the new war department building in 1866; for the National museum in 1868; for the hall of records in 1878, and was architect of the building for the pension bureau. He was retired from the army February 6, 1882. General Meigs was a member of the board of regents for the Smithsonian institution, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He died in Washington, D. C, January 2, 1892.

Meredith, Solomon, brigadier-general, was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, May 29, 1810. He removed to Wayne county, Indiana, when nineteen years old, and by means of manual labor secured for himself a fair education. He then located at Cambridge city, was sheriff of his county in 1834 and 1836, and a member of the state legislature, 1846-48 and 1854-56. In 1849 he became U. S. marshal for the district of Indiana, Page 174 and he was clerk of the courts of Wayne county, 1859-61. He was director and financial agent of the Indiana Central railroad, 1854-59, and subsequently president of the Cincinnati & Chicago railroad company. On July 29, 1861, he became colonel of the 19th Indiana regiment, which saw its first service in Virginia and lost half its number at Gainesville, where Colonel Meredith was wounded. He commanded his regiment also at Sharpsburg and Antietam, was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers October 6, 1862, and commanded the "Iron Brigade" at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, where he was so severely wounded as to be disabled for active service until November, 1863. He was then assigned to command the 1st division, 1st army corps, but failing health compelled him to relinquish the charge, and he commanded the military post of Cairo, Illinois, in 1864, and the district of western Kentucky in 1864-65. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers for meritorious service during the war and was honorably mustered out May 22, 1865. After the war General Meredith was United States assessor of internal revenue for his district, 186667; surveyor-general of Montana territory, 1867-69, and then retired to his farm, "Oakland," near Cambridge city, Indiana He died in Cambridge city, Indiana, October 2, 1875.

Meredith, Sullivan A., brigadier-general, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1816. He was educated at William and Mary college, and when a young man took two trips to China. In 1848 he visited California. He was engaged in business in Philadelphia when the Civil war broke out, and he superintended the drilling, equipping and forwarding of over 30,000 troops. He was commissioned colonel of the 10th Pennsylvania regiment on April 26, 1861, took part in Patterson's campaign in the Shenandoah valley, and on his return organized the 56th regiment and was commissioned its colonel, March 6, 1862. In April he was assigned to McDowell's corps, with which he served in the second battle of Bull Run, where he was severely wounded. For gallantry in this engagement he was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, to date from November 29, 1862, and when partially recovered from his wounds he was appointed commissioner for the exchange of prisoners. He was ordered to St. Louis in 1864 and served there under General Rosecrans until mustered out of the service, August 24,1865. He died in Buffalo, New York, December 26, 1874. Merritt, Wesley, major-general, was born in New York city, June 16, 1836. He was graduated at the United States military academy and brevetted 2nd lieutenant of dragoons, July 1, 1860. He was promoted 2nd lieutenant, January 28, 1861; 1st lieutenant, May 13. 1861, was transferred to the 2nd cavalry, August 3, 1861, and promoted captain, April 5, 1862. In 1861-62 he served as adjutant-general of the Utah forces, then adjutant of the 2nd cavalry and after that in the defenses of Washington. He was aide-de-camp to General John Cook, 1862-63, and to General Stoneman in 1863; participated in Stoneman's raid toward Richmond in April and May, 1863, and commanded the reserve cavalry brigade in the Pennsylvania campaign of 1863, receiving his commission as brigadier-general of volunteers June 29. He was brevetted major U. S. A. for gallantry at Gettysburg, and served in the various engagements in Virginia in 1863-64, winning the brevets of lieutenant-colonel, colonel and brigadier-general in the regular army and major-general of volunteers for gallantry at the battles of Yellow tavern, Haw's shop, Winchester and Five Forks, respectively. On March 13, 1865, he was given the additional brevet of major-general U. S. A. "for gallant and meritorious services." He was commissioned major-general of volunteers on April 1, 1865, for "gallant service," and was present at the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. He was afterwards successively in command of the military division of the Southwest, the Department of Texas, and the military division of the Gulf, Page 175 and was mustered out of the volunteer service February 1, 1866. In the regular army he was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 9th cavalry in 1866, colonel of the 5th cavalry in 1876, brigadier-general in 1887, and major-general April 25, 1895. After the war he was employed chiefly on frontier duty until 1882; was superintendent of the U. S. military academy from 1882 to 1887; commanded the Department of the Missouri, 1887-91; the Department of Dakota, 1891-95; the Department of Missouri again 1895-97, and the Department of the East, with headquarters at Governor's island, New York harbor, 1897-98. He was appointed to command the forces in the Philippines in May, 1898, and was retired by operation of law, June 16, 1900. He was a delegate to the United States peace commission at Paris in October, 1898.

Miles, Nelson A., major-general, was born at Westminster, Massachusetts, August 8, 1839, was reared on a farm, received an academic education, and in early manhood engaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston. Inheriting the spirit of patriotism, he devoted all the means he possessed, early in 1861, to raising a company of volunteers, and offered his services to his country. He was given the commission of a captain, but, being considered too young for the responsibilities of that command, he joined the Army of the Potomac as first lieutenant in the 22nd Massachusetts volunteers. In 1862 he was commissioned by Governor Morgan of New York, as lieutenant-colonel and colonel of the 61st New York volunteers, and at the earnest request of Generals Meade and Grant he was made a brigadier-general of volunteers by President Lincoln. He was engaged in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac except one—which his wounds unfitted him to enter— until the close of the war. He was wounded at the battles of Fair Oaks, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, and received four brevets for gallant and distinguished service. At the close of the war he commanded the district of North Carolina during the work of reconstruction, and on the reorganization of the army he was appointed colonel of infantry. He was made a brigadier-general, U. S. A., in 1880, and a major-general in 1890. He successfully conducted Indian campaigns against the Kiowas, Comanches and Cheyennes in the Indian territory and the Southwest; the Sioux, Cheyennes, Nez Perces and Bannocks in the Northwest; the Apaches in Arizona and New Mexico, and the Sioux in South Dakota. He received a vote of thanks from the states of Montana and Kansas and the territories of Arizona and New Mexico for his services, and on several occasions prevented Indian wars by judicious and humane settlement of difficulties without the use of military power. He commanded at different times the departments of the Columbia, Missouri and Arizona, and the military divisions of the Pacific and the Missouri; was given the rank of lieutenant-general on June 6, 1900, and he was retired, August 8, 1903.

Miller, John F., brigadier-general, was born in Union county Indiana, November 21, 1831. He removed with his parents to South Bend in 1833, was prepared for college and was graduated in 1852 at the New York state law-school. After practicing a short time in South Bend he was forced to go west for his health and for three years resided in California. On returning to Indiana he took an active part in the Republican campaign of 1856 and was a member of the state senate in i860, but resigned to enter the army. After serving as aide to Governor Morton he recruited and became colonel of the 29th Indiana volunteers and joined General Rousseau in Kentucky, October 10, 1861. He succeeded in February, 1862, to the command of a brigade in Buell's Army of the Ohio, and his regiment served in Kirk's brigade in the battle of Shiloh. He subsequently commanded first the military barracks and then the city of Nashville, Tennessee, and in September, 1862, was given command at Nashville of the 7th brigade, Negley's 8th division. He distinguished himself particularly at the battle of Stone's Page 176 river, where at the head of his brigade he charged across the river and drove Breckenridge from his position, and in the charge he received a bullet wound in the neck. At Liberty gap, June 25, 1863, he made another gallant charge and received a wound which destroyed the sight of his right eye. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, January 5, 1864, and he commanded a division of 8,000 men on the left at the battle of Nashville in the following December. For gallant and meritorious services in this battle he was brevetted major-general of volunteers on March 13, 1865, and during the summer of that year he commanded the district of Mobile. He resigned September 25, 1865, refused a commission as colonel in the regular army and moved to San Francisco, where he practised law and for four years was collector of the port. He was then an organizer and became president of the Alaska commercial fur company and amassed a large fortune. He was a Republican presidential elector in 1872, 1876, 1880; a member of the state constitutional convention in 1879, and in January, 1881, was elected to the United States senate, where he served until his death. He died in Washington, D. C, March 8, 1886.

Miller, Stephen, brigadier-general, was born in Carroll, Pennsylvania, January 7, 1816. He received a common school education, became interested in politics and held the offices of prothonotary of Dauphin county and flour inspector in Philadelphia. From 1853 to 1855 he edited the "Telegraph," a Whig newspaper in Harrisburg. Removing to St. Cloud, Minnesota, in 1858, he engaged in business there and became a delegate to the Republican national convention in 1860 and a presidential elector for Lincoln in that year. He became lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Minnesota infantry, April 20, 1861, and its colonel August 24, 1862. He took part in the battles of Bull Run and Ball's bluff, the Valley campaign and the Peninsular campaign of 1862, and on November 17, 1862, he succeeded General Sibley in command of Mankato, Minnesota He assisted with his regiment in quelling the Indian outbreak of that year and had charge of the execution of 38 of the disloyal Indians on December 26. He commanded the District of Minnesota during General Sibley's absence in June, 1863, and on October 26, he was promoted brigadier-general of Volunteers. He then commanded Fort Snelling, but resigned from the army, January 18, 1864, having been elected governor of Minnesota. He was governor of Minnesota in 186465, and from 1871 to 1881 was field agent for the St. Paul & Sioux City railroad. General Miller died at Worthington, Minnesota, August 18, 1881.

Milroy, Robert H., major-general, was born near Salem, Indiana, June 11, 1816. He was graduated at Norwich university, Vermont, in 1843, taking degrees in both the classical and military departments, and in the war with Mexico he served as captain in the 1st Indiana regiment. He was graduated at the Indiana university with the degree of LL. B. in 1850, and practiced law until the Civil war, first at Delphi and then at Rensselaer; was a member of the Indiana constitutional convention, 1850-51, and in 1851 was appointed judge of the 8th judicial circuit of Indiana. At the beginning of the Civil war he issued a call for volunteers and was commissioned colonel of the 9th Indiana volunteers on April 26, 1871. In December, 1861, he attacked the Confederates in front of Cheat Mountain pass, and on February 6, 1862, he was given a commission as brigadier-general to date from September 5, 1861. He assumed command of the Mountain Department in January, 1862, and adopted stringent and effective measures against the depredations of guerrillas, as the result of which President Davis secured the passage of a bill through the Confederate congress offering a reward of $10o,000 for the body of General Milroy, dead or alive. In May, 1862, General Milroy was attacked by Jackson at McDowell, and he fought there with the aid of Shields, who assumed command, the battle of McDowell. General Milroy's brigade was then attached to Sigel's corps, Army of the Page 177 Potomac, and fought in the second battle of Bull Run. He was promoted major-general of volunteers November 29, 1862, and with his division of 8,0oo men he occupied Winchester. Here he was attacked by nearly the whole of Lee's army, which was marching toward Pennsylvania, and held out for three days against the superior force, retreating then, by night, with great loss of men, to Harper's Ferry. General Milroy claimed that by thus holding Lee in check he enabled Meade to meet him at Gettysburg, when otherwise the battle would have been fought farther north. However, his conduct was made the object of official investigation and he was held in confinement until May 13, 1864, for having evacuated Winchester without orders from General Schenck, his immediate commander. After his release he was ordered to Nashville, Tennessee, and soon thereafter fought his last battle against Generals Forrest and Bates, defeating their combined forces on the old Murfreesboro battle-ground. He resigned from the army July 25, 1865. In 1868 he was elected trustee of the Wabash & Erie canal company. He then held the office of superintendent of Indian affairs in Washington territory, 1872-75, and that of Indian agent in Washington territory, 1875-85. General Milroy died in Olympia, Washington, March 29, 1890.

Mitchel, Ormsby M., major-general, was born in Morganfield, Kentucky, August 28, 1810. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1829, served as assistant professor of mathematics at West Point for two years, and was then on garrison duty until September 30, 1832, when he resigned. He was in that year admitted to the bar, practiced two years in Cincinnati, was chief engineer of the Little Miami railroad, 1836-37, and professor of mathematics, astronomy and philosophy at Cincinnati college, 1834-44. He raised almost all the money for the establishment of an observatory at Cincinnati, which was the first of the larger observatories to be built in the United States, and in 1843 the corner-stone of the pier for the great telescope was laid by John Quincy Adams. Prof. Mitchel lectured extensively throughout the United States from 1842 to 1848; was adjutant-general of the state of Ohio, 1841-48; chief engineer of the Ohio & Mississippi railroad, 1848-49, and again in 1852-53, and was director of the Dudley observatory at Albany, New York, in 1859-61. He invented a number of valuable mechanical devices for use in astronomy, and gained great distinction in his profession. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, August 9, 1861, and at first reported to General McClellan, who assigned him the command of General William B. Franklin's brigade in the Army of the Potomac; but at the request of the citizens of Cincinnati he was transferred to that city and commanded the Department of the Ohio from September 19 to November 13, 1861. He served with the Army of the Ohio during the campaigns of the winter of 1861-62 in Tennessee and northern Alabama, took part in the occupation of Bowling Green, Kentucky, Nashville, Tennessee, the march to Huntsville, Alabama, in the action near Bridgeport, Alabama, April 30, 1862, and was promoted major-general of volunteers to date from April 11, 1862. He took possession of the railroad from Decatur to Stephenson, by which the control of northern Alabama was secured to the Federal authorities. He was anxious to advance into the heart of the South, but was restrained by his superior officer, General Buell, and in consequence of a dispute with Buell he tendered his resignation to the secretary of war and was transferred to the command of the Department of the South, with headquarters at Hilton Head, South Carolina, September 17, 1862. He died of yellow fever at Hilton Head, October 30, 1862.

Mitchell, John G., brigadier-general, was born in Piqua, Ohio, November 6, 1838. He was graduated at Kenyon college in 1859 and studied law in Columbus, Ohio. On June 27, 1861, he enlisted in the first battalion Page 178 of Ohio reserves and on July 30 he was appointed 1st lieutenant and adjutant of the 3d Ohio infantry. On December 21, 1861, he was promoted captain. His early service was in West Virginia under Rosecrans, and he subsequently served in General Mitchel's campaign in Tennessee and Alabama. In the summer of 1862 he was sent into Ohio on recruiting service, and on September 2 he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 113th Ohio infantry. With his regiment he was engaged, first in guarding railroads in Kentucky, and afterwards was stationed at Franklin, Tennessee He was promoted colonel of his regiment in the spring of 1863; took part in the Tullahoma campaign, and distinguished himself particularly at Chattanooga, where a diversion by Whitaker's brigade and his own insured the safe retreat of General Thomas' army. On the reorganization of the army Colonel Mitchell relinquished the command of the brigade, which became the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 14th army corps, and which took part in the battle of Missionary ridge and the pursuit of Bragg, and then went into winter quarters at Rossville. He resumed command of his brigade previous to the Atlanta campaign, however, and took part in that campaign, leading the advance at Rocky Face ridge and participating in the battle of Resaca, the capture of Rome, and the battles of Dallas and New Hope Church. His brigade, in conjunction with that of Colonel Daniel McCook, led the assault at Kennesaw mountain and suffered terrible losses. Colonel Mitchell continued to command the brigade throughout the Atlanta campaign, and was present subsequently at the battle of Nashville and the pursuit of Hood. He then joined his corps in South Carolina and led his brigade through the campaign of the Carolinas. He was promoted brigadier-general January 12, 1865. On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted major-general of volunteers "for gallant and meritorious services in the war, especially at the battle of Averasboro and Bentonville, North Carolina" General Mitchell resigned from the army July 3, 1865, and returned to Columbus, Ohio. He died November 7, 1894.

Mitchell, Robert B., brigadier-general, was born in Richland county, Ohio, April 4, 1823. He attended Washington college, studied law, practiced in Mansfield, 1844-46, and served throughout the Mexican war as 1st lieutenant in the 2nd Ohio volunteers. Removing to Kansas in 1856 he became an active member of the Free-State party, was a representative in the territorial legislature, 1857-58, and treasurer, 1858-61. He was appointed colonel of the 2nd Kansas infantry, May 23, 1861, and was severely wounded at the battle of Wilson's creek. On his recovery he raised a regiment of cavalry, and on April 8, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. At the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862, General Mitchell commanded the 9th division, 3d army corps, Army of the Ohio, and he commanded the cavalry corps of the Army of the Cumberland in the battle of Chickamauga, September 19-20, 1863. He was honorably mustered out, January 15, 1866. General Mitchell was governor of New Mexico, 1865-67, and then removed to Washington, D. C, where he died, January 26, 1882.

Montgomery, William R., brigadier-general, was born in Monmouth county, New Jersey, July 10, 1801. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1825 and served on the Canadian border during the disturbances of 1838-46, in the Florida war of 1840-42, and in the military occupation of Texas. In the Mexican war, which he entered as captain, he fought at Resaca de la Palma, where he was wounded and brevetted major, at Molino del Rev, where he was again wounded, and he commanded his regiment at Chapultepec and the capture of the Mexican capital. For services at Molino del Rey he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, and in December, 1852, he was promoted major. He was stationed at Fort Riley, Kansas, during the troubles in that territory, and while there incurred Page 179 the displeasure of the authorities and was dismissed from the service, December 8, 1855. At the beginning of the Civil war he organized the 1st New Jersey volunteers, of which he became colonel, May 21, 1861, and he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, to date May 17, and appointed military governor of Alexandria, Virginia He subsequently held a similar office in Annapolis, Aid., and then in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, until 1863, after which he served on a military commission in Memphis, Tennessee He resigned on account of failing health, April 4, 1864, and after a brief period in Philadelphia retired to his home in Bristol, Pennsylvania, where he died May 31, 1871.

Morell, George W., major-general, was born in Cooperstown, New York, January 8, 1815. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1835 and assigned to the corps of engineers, but resigned in 1837 to become assistant engineer in the construction of the Charleston & Cincinnati railroad. He held a similar position with the Michigan Central railroad in 1838-39, then removed to New York city, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. From 1854 to 1861 he was commissioner of the United States circuit court for the Southern district of New York. He had been appointed, in 1846, major of a New York regiment of volunteers for the Mexican war, but it was never mustered in, and at the beginning of the Civil war he was colonel and chief of staff to Governor Sanford for organizing regiments and forwarding them to the seat of war. On August 9, 1861, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, and in 1861-62 he served in the defenses of Washington. He served subsequently in the Army of the Potomac in the Peninsular campaign, commanding a brigade in the skirmish at Howard's bridge, April 4, 1862, and in the siege of Yorktown, April to May, 1862. He commanded the 1st division of Hancock's corps in the capture of Hanover Court House, and at Beaver Dam creek, Gaines' mill, and Malvern hill. He was promoted major-general of volunteers, July 4, 1862, but the appointment expired March 4, 1863, the nomination not being made to the senate. General Morell subsequently took part in the battles of Manassas, or second Bull Run, and Antietam, where he pursued Lee's fleeing cavalry after the battle, and on September 20 was driven back from the heights of the river bank near Shepherdstown; and he was in command of troops guarding the upper Potomac from October to December, 1862. He was then on waiting orders at Washington, 1862-63, in command of a draft rendezvous at Indianapolis, Indiana, 1863-64, and was mustered out of the service December 15, 1864. He then engaged in farming near Scarborough, New York, and died there, February 12, 1883.

Morgan, Charles H., brigadier-general, was born in Manlius, New York, November 6, 1834. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1857, and prior to the Civil war saw service in the Utah expedition, 1857-59. He was promoted 1st lieutenant, April 1, 1861, and served, in 1861-62, in western Virginia and in the defenses of Washington, and in the Army of the Potomac, March-August, 1862. He took part in the Rappahannock campaign, the battles of Gettysburg and Warrenton, the skirmishes at Auburn and Bristoe Station, the battles of the Wilderness, the skirmish at Todd's tavern, the battles of Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor and vicinity, Petersburg, Deep bottom, Reams' station, Boydton plank road, and the siege of Petersburg, and in 1864-65 assisted in organizing the 1st army corps of veterans at Washington, D. C He was chief of artillery, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac, 186263; assistant inspector-general and chief of staff, 2nd army corps, 1863-64, and 1st veteran corps, 1865. He was assistant inspector-general and chief of staff to General Halleck, commanding the middle military division, from February to June, 1865, and a member of the examining board, June to August, Page 180 1865. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, May 21, 1865, and was mustered out of the volunteer service on that day. He was brevetted major for gallant and meritorious services at Gettysburg; lieutenant-colonel for conduct at Bristoe Station; colonel for gallantry at Spottsylvania Court House; colonel of volunteers "for distinguished and valuable services and gallantry throughout the campaign, and especially at the Wilderness and Spottsylvania;" brigadier-general of volunteers for gallant and distinguished services as chief of staff of the 2nd army corps during the campaign before Richmond, and brigadier-general U. S. A. March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war. After the war General Morgan was promoted major of the 4th artillery and was stationed at various posts, and finally at Alcatraz island, California, where he died, December 20, 1875.

Morgan, Edwin D., major-general, was born in Washington, Massachusetts, February 8, 1811. He entered business life as clerk in the wholesale grocery store of his uncle in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1828, was admitted to partnership in 1831, and in 1836 moved to New York city, where he established himself as a merchant and accumulated a large fortune. He held various offices in New York city; was chairman of the Republican national committee in 1856 and vice-president of the Republican national convention of that year; was member of the state senate, 1850-54, commissioner of emigration, 1855-58, and from 1859 to 1862 was governor of the state of New York. He was appointed major-general of volunteers by President Lincoln, September 28, 1861, and held the position until January 1, 1863, when he resigned, refusing compensation for his services. During this time the state of New York was a military department under his command, and he sent 223,000 troops from New York to the army and put New York harbor in a state of defense. During his term of office as governor of New York the state debt was reduced and an increase in canal revenue was made. General Morgan was United States senator from New York, 1863-69; declined the portfolio of the treasury, offered him by President Lincoln in 1865; was temporary chairman of the Republican national convention in 1864; delegate to the Loyalists' convention in Philadelphia in 1866; chairman of the Republican national convention of 1872, and manager of the campaign which resulted in the reelection of President Grant. He was an unsuccessful candidate for United States senator in 1875 and for governor of New York in 1876, and in 1881 declined the secretaryship of the treasury in President Arthur's cabinet. He died in New York city, February 14, 1883. General Morgan's philanthropic bequests aggregated $795,000.

Morgan, George W., brigadier-general, was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, September 20, 1820. He entered Washington college, but left when sixteen years old to enlist in a company organized for the purpose of assisting Texas to gain her independence, and at the age of eighteen years he was in command of Galveston. He entered the United States military academy in 1841, but left in 1843, studied law, and practiced at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, until the beginning of the Mexican war. In that conflict he served first as colonel of the 2nd Ohio volunteers and then of the 15th U. S. infantry, and was engaged at Contreras, and at Churubusco, where he was severely wounded. For his gallantry he was brevetted brigadier-general and was awarded the thanks of the legislature of Ohio, and was presented with a gold sword by the citizens of that state. He was United States consul at Marseilles, France, 1856-58, and minister to Portugal, 1858-61; was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, November 12, 1861, and assigned to duty under General Buell. In March, 1862, he assumed command of the 7th division. Army of the Ohio, and was ordered to occupy Cumberland gap, and, if possible, drive the Confederates out of East Tennessee. He took possession of Cumberland gap, June 18, 1862, but in September Page 181 of that year retreated toward the Ohio, as its importance in a general campaign was disproportionate to the force required to maintain it. He commanded a division under General Sherman at the battle of Chickasaw bluffs, Vicksburg, Mississippi, under General McClernand at the capture of Fort Hindman, Arkansas, January 11, 1863, and on June 8, 1863, he resigned on account of ill health. He was an unsuccessful candidate on the Democratic ticket for governor of Ohio in 1865, and was congressman, 1867-69 and 1871-73. He died at Old Point Comfort, Virginia, July 26, 1893.

Morgan, James D., brigadier-general, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, August 1, 1810. In 1826 he went to sea for a three years' cruise, but when the vessel was thirty days out a mutiny occurred and shortly afterward the ship was burned. Young Morgan escaped to South America, and thence, after many hardships, made his way back to Boston. He was a merchant in Quincy, Illinois, 1834-61, helped to organize the "Quincy Grays," and was captain in the Quincy riflemen during the Mormon difficulties in Hancock county, Illinois, 1844-45. He was captain in the 1st Illinois volunteers during the Mexican war. He became lieutenant-colonel of the 10th 111. volunteers, April 29, 1861, colonel, July 29, 1861, and for meritorious services at New Madrid and Corinth he was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers July 17, 1862. He commanded the 14th army corps at Chattanooga, in November, 1863, served in the Chattanooga campaign, distinguishing himself at Buzzard Roost gap, May 9, 1864, and in the Atlanta campaign, where he succeeded to the command of the 2nd division after General Jefferson C Davis succeeded to the command of the 14th army corps. On September 28, 1864, he was sent with his division into Tennessee to oppose General Forrest, and he took part in General Sherman's march to the sea and the campaign through the Carolinas. For gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Bentonville, North Carolina, he was brevetted major-general March 13, 1865, and on Aug 24, 1865, he was honorably mustered out and returned to Quincy, Illinois, where he became a banker. He was also president of the Army of the Cumberland and treasurer of the soldiers' home, Quincy, Illinois General Morgan died in Quincy, Illinois, September 12, 1896.

Morris, Thomas A., major-general, was born in Nicholas county, Kentucky, December 26, 1811. He received an appointment to the U. S. military academy at West Point and was graduated in the class of 1834. He served for two years, resigning from the army in 1836 to take up the business of a civil engineer, having been appointed resident engineer of canals and railroads in the state of Indiana. From 1847 to 1852 he was chief engineer of two railroads, then building, and in 1852 he was made engineer-in-chief of the Indianapolis & Cincinnati railroad, and in 1854 its president, which latter position he held for three years. In 1859 he was elected president of the Indianapolis, Pittsburg & Cleveland railroad. On the breaking out of the Civil war in 1861 Mr. Morris was appointed by the governor of Indiana to the rank of brigadier-general and assigned to the command of Indiana troops in West Virginia, serving throughout that campaign. He was afterward offered commissions as brigadier-general and major-general of U. S. volunteers, but declined and took up railroad interests then needing his experienced direction. He was again chief engineer of the Indianapolis & Cincinnati railroad from 1862 until 1867, then accepted the presidency of the Indianapolis & St. Louis railroad, and in 1870 the receivership of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & Lafayette railroad.

Morris, William H., brigadier-general, was born in New York city, April 22, 1826. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1851, served three years in the army but resigned his commission February 28, 1854, and from that time until 1861 was assistant editor of the New York "Home Journal." On August 20, 1861, he joined the volunteer army as captain and assistant adjutant-general, served in the defenses of Washington Page 182 and with the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsular campaign, taking part in the battles of Yorktown, Williamsburg and Fair Oaks. He resigned his staff position, September 1, 1862, and the next day became colonel of the 6th New York artillery. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862; took part in the defense of Maryland heights and Harper's Ferry in that year; and at Gettysburg. July 1-3, 1863, he commanded the 6th artillery held in reserve. He subsequently took part in the action at Wapping heights, and the Rapidan campaign, where he commanded the 1st brigade, 3d division, 6th army corps, and he also took part in the action at Locust Grove, November 29, 1863. He participated in the battles of the Wilderness and in the action near Spottsylvania, where he commanded the 6th army corps part of the time and was severely wounded. He was on sick leave in May and June, 1864, then served on courts-martial, and on August 24, 1865, was mustered out of the service. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of the Wilderness. After the war General Morris retired to his estate in Putnam county, New York He was a member of the state constitutional convention in 1869. He was the author of works on military tactics and the inventor of a conical repeating carbine. General Morris died at Long Branch, New Jersey, August 26, 1900.

Morton, James S, brigadier-general, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Sept . 24, 1829. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1851, standing second in his class, and prior to the Civil war was employed on various engineering works and as assistant professor of engineering at West Point; and he commanded the Chinqui expedition to Central America in 1860. He was superintending engineer during the construction of Fort Jefferson at Tortugas, Florida, 1861-62, and of the repairs of Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania, in 1862; was promoted captain, August 6, 1861, and in May, 1862, reported to General Don Carlos Buell as chief engineer of the Army of the Ohio. He became chief engineer in the Army of the Cumberland in October, 1862, commanded the bridge brigade in that army, and on November 29, 1862, was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. He constructed the intrenchments about Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and was present at the capture of Chattanooga, was wounded at Chickamauga, and superintended the engineering operations under General William S. Rosecrans. He was promoted major, July 3, 1863, and was mustered out of the volunteer service on November 7 of that year; served as superintending engineer of the construction of the defenses of Nashville, Murfreesboro, Clarksville and Fort Donelson from November 14, 1863 to January 30, 1864, and was from the latter date to May of that year assistant to the chief engineer at Washington. He was chief engineer of the 9th army corps during the campaign before Richmond in 1864, and was engaged in the battles of North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church, and the assault on Petersburg, where he was killed while leading the attack, June 17, 1864. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, January 2, 1863, for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Stone's river; colonel. September 20, 1863, for good conduct at Chickamauga, Georgia, and after his death he was given the brevet of brigadier-general U. S. A., to date from June 17, 1864, for "gallant and meritorious services at the assault on Petersburg, Virginia"

Mott, Gershom, major-general, was born at Lamberton, New Jersey, April 7, 1822. He attended the Trenton, New Jersey, academy, entered business life in New York city at the age of fourteen, and in the Mexican war served as 2nd lieutenant in the 10th U. S. infantry. He was collector of the port of Lamberton, 1849-53, teller of the Bordentown banking company, 185561, and he entered the service of the United States for the Civil war, August 17, 1861, as lieutenant-colonel of the 5th New Jersey infantry. He was promoted colonel of the 6th New Jersey infantry, May 7, 1862, was wounded at the second Page 183 battle of Bull Run, and was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers September 7, 1862. He was again wounded at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863; commanded the 4th division, Hancock's 2nd corps, in the battle of the Wilderness, and a brigade at the battle of Cold Harbor. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers August 1, 1864, for distinguished services during the war, and at Petersburg, December 31, 1864, he commanded the 3d division, 2nd army corps, and was stationed on the Jerusalem turnpike, south of the city. He was again wounded at Amelia Springs, Virginia, April 6, 1865, and after the army was disbanded he commanded a provisional corps for some time and was a member of the Wirz commission at Washington. He was given a commission as major-general of volunteers, December 1, 1865, to rank from May 26, 1865, and he resigned, February 20, 1866. After the war General Mott served as paymaster of the Camden & Amboy railroad company, 1866-73; became a member of the firm of Thompson & Mott Iron founders; was appointed major-general of the national guard in New Jersey in 1873; was treasurer of New Jersey in 1875, keeper of the state prison, 1876-81, and member of the Riparian commission, 1882-84. He was also interested in railroads and banking. He died in New York city May 29, 1884.

Mower, Joseph A, major-general, was born in Woodstock, Vermont, August 22, 1827. He was educated in the public schools, learned the carpenter's trade, and served during the Mexican war as a private in a battalion of engineers. He was commissioned 2nd lieutenant in the 1st U. S. infantry in 1855, promoted 1st lieutenant in 1857, and captain September 9, 1861. He was engaged in the early operations of the Union army in Missouri, was elected colonel of the 11th Missouri infantry, May 3, 1862, won the nickname of "Fighting Joe" by gallantry at Iuka and Corinth, and was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers November 29, 1862. He commanded the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 15th army corps in the Vicksburg campaign, May 19-July 4, 1863, distinguishing himself particularly at the battle of Milliken's bend on June 6-8. In the Red River campaign under Banks he led the attacking column into the fort at the capture of Fort De Russy, March 14, 1864, and on May 15, encountered and defeated Wharton and Polignac on the Yellow bayou, while in command of the rear-guard of the army. He subsequently was promoted to the command of a division, defeated Forrest at Tupelo, Mississippi, July 13-15, and on August 12, 1864, he was promoted major-general of volunteers. He served with Sherman in Georgia and the Carolinas, commanding the 17th corps in South Carolina, and the 20th corps at the battle of Bentonville, March 19-20, 1865. He was brevetted major, lieutenant-colonel, colonel, brigadier-general and major-general in the regular army for gallantry at the battles of Farmington, Iuka, and Jackson, Mississippi, Fort De Russy, Louisiana, and Salkehatchie, South Carolina, respectively. He was mustered out of the volunteer service, February 1, 1866; promoted colonel U. S. A., July 28, 1866, and was transferred to the 25th infantry in 1868 and then to the 39th infantry. He died while in command of the Department of Louisiana, at New Orleans, January 6, 1870.



Source: The Union Army, Vol. V. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.