D-F: Dana through Fuller

Source: The Union Army, Federal Publishing Company

Dana, Napoleon J. T., major-general, was born in Fort Sullivan, Eastport, Maine, April 15, 1822. was graduated in the United States military academy at West Point in 1842, and served on garrison duty until the Mexican war. He served with distinction throughout that contest, being severely wounded at the storming of Cerro Gordo, .and being made captain by brevet for gallant and meritorious conduct on that occasion. He was promoted captain on the staff and assistant quartermaster in 1848, and was on garrison duty, principally in Minnesota, until 1855, when he resigned to take up banking in St. Paul, serving there as brigadier-general of state militia from 1857 to 1861. He raised and commanded the 1st Minnesota infantry in the first year of the war, was commissioned brigadier-general in February, 1862, and attached to the Army of the Potomac. He served in the battles before Richmond, commanded a brigade in General Sedgwick's division at Antietam, and at that battle received so serious a wound that he was carried off the field for dead. Recovering, he was commissioned major-general of volunteers, in November, 1862, commanded the defenses of Philadelphia during Lee's invasion, afterwards joined the Army of the Gulf, and commanded an expedition by sea to the Rio Grande, landing at Brazos Santiago, and driving the Confederate forces as far as Laredo. He then successively commanded the 13th army corps, the district of Vicksburg, the 16th army corps, the districts of west Tennessee and Vicksburg, and the Department of the Mississippi, and in May, 1865, resigned from the army to engage in mining in the far west. He was subsequently, from 1866 to 1871, general agent of the American-Russian commercial company of San Francisco, in Alaska and Washington, then became superintendent of railroads in Illinois, and superintendent of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad in 1878. He was made chief of the old war and navy division, pension department, in 1893, was promoted first deputy commissioner of pensions by President Cleveland, in 1895, and was removed from the latter office in 1897 by President McKinley.

Davidson, John W., brigadier-general, was born in Fairfax county, Virginia, August 28, 1824, was graduated at West Point in 1845, and commanded a howitzer battery under General Stephen M. Kearny in 1846. He remained with the army of the west during the Mexican war being present at the combats of San Pasqual, San Bernardo, San Gabriel and Mesa, and after the war served on the frontier, his most notable accomplishment being the defeat, in 1854, of the Apache and Utah tribes, at Cieneguilla, New Mexico. in an engagement in which he lost three-fourths of his force and was himself wounded. He won promotion to captain by this action, was promoted major, November 14, 1861, while stationed at Washington, in the defense of the capital, and was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers in February, 1862, commanding a brigade in the Peninsular campaign. He was Page 69 brevetted lieutenant-colonel U. S. A. for action at Gaines' mill and colonel for Golding's farm, and also distinguished himself for gallantry at Lee's mill, Mechsville, Savage Station and Glendale. He was transferred to the Department of the Missouri and commanded the St. Louis district from 1862, the Army of Southeast Missouri until February, 1863, ar t of St. Louis again for the following five months. He din tions at Pilot Knob and Fredericktown and drove General V f Missouri, and in the operations in Arkansas leading tr Little Rock, commanded a cavalry division. He was made 'ry forces west of the Mississippi on June 26, 1864, and l expedition from Baton Rouge to Pasagoula, November 24, brevetted brigadier-general in the regular army on March -vices at Little Rock, and, at the same time, major-general , services during the war. General Davidson was promoted Col., of the 10th U. S. cavalry, December 1, 1866, was acting inspector the Department of the Missouri, 1866-67; professor of mil. a the Kansas agricultural college, 1868-71, commanded post and Idaho, 1871-77, and the district of Upper Brazos, Texas, He was promoted colonel in the regular army, March 20, 1869. Davidson died in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 26, 1881.

Davies, Hem major-general, was born in New York city, July 2, 1836, was educated Harvard and Williams colleges, and at Columbia, in which he w graduated, and in the same year, 1857, he was admitted to the bar. le entered the volunteer service in April, 1861, as captain in the 5th t\ y. regiment, was made major of the 2nd New York cavalry in July of th;^ year, and served in the cavalry corps, Army of the Potomac, as colonel an(j brigadier-general, having command of a division at the close of the war j-[e was brevetted major-general of volunteers, October I, I964, having been promoted brigadier-general, September 16, 1863, and was given the full rank of major-general of volunteers, May 4, 1865. He served with distinction throughout the war, and resigned from the service January 1, 1866. He commanded the middle district of Alabama during the reconstruction, 1865, until he resigned. He was public administrator, after the war, in New York city, 1866-69, assistant U. S. district attorney, 1870-72, and thereafter refused public office in order that he might devote himself to the practice of law. He died in Middleboro, Massachusetts, September 6, 1894.

Davies, Thomas A., brigadier-general, was born at Black Lake, St. Lawrence county, New York, December 3, 1809, was graduated at West Point in 1829, and, after serving two years on frontier duty, resigned to become civil engineer on the Croton aqueduct, and to enter mercantile pursuits in New York city. He reentered the national service, May 15, 1861, as colonel of the 16th New York regiment, and distinguished himself at the battle of Bull Run, where, as commander of the 2nd brigade, 5th division, Army of the Potomac, he successfully repulsed an attack upon the left wing after the main body of the Federal army was in full flight, thus preventing the capture of Washington. At the close of the battle he was placed in command of the left wing of the army by General McDowell, was afterwards engaged on fortifications around Washington and in the defenses of Alexandria, until March 7, 1862, when he was commissioned brigadier-general for "gallant conduct at the battle of Bull Run," and joined General Halleck's army at Corinth. He engaged in the siege of that place in April and May. 1862, in the battle of Corinth, October 3-4, 1862; commanded Columbus, Kentucky 1862-63; Rollo, Missouri. 1863-64; the district of North Kansas, 1864-65, and that of Wisconsin in 1865. His services being no longer needed in Wisconsin, he resigned his commission, in June, 1865, and on July 11, 1865, was brevetted major-general of volunteers.

Davis, Edmund J., brigadier-general, was born November 21. 1830. He moved to Texas in 1848, pr was collector of customs, 1850-52, district attor judge, 1854-60. He joined the Union army a cavalry, October 26, 1862, and was promoted brig; November 10, 1864. He was mustered out, August 24, first and president of the second reconstructs lican governor of Texas from 1870 to 1874. February 8, 1883. Davis, Jefferson C, brigadier-general, v Indiana, March 2, 1828, was educated at the cou' of eighteen, enlisted for service in the M< Buena Vista he won a commission as 2nd In 1852 he was promoted 1st lieutenant. In of the garrison at Fort Sumter, and, as an , took part in the occupation and defense of; his bravery on this occasion. he was promot of absence to recruit the 22nd Indiana volunteer came colonel. Being assigned as acting brig , ment of the Missouri, he distinguished himsv Missouri, and won promotion to the rank of briga& He commanded a division at the battle of Petfl took part in the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and after the evacuation of that place by the J was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee. '.-: to meet m Louisville General William Nelson, his W*>. . he claimed to have had harsh treatment, and. in a quarrel which ensued, he shot and instantly killed Nelson. General Davis was arrested, but was not tried, and was soon afterwards assigned to duty in Covington. Kentucky He commanded a division forming a part of McCook's right wing at the battle of Stone's river, December 31, 1862, where be so distinguished himself that General Rosecrans recommended him for promotion to major-general. In 1864 he commanded the 14th corps of Sherman's army in the Atlanta campaign and in the march through Georgia, and on March 13, 1865, he was brevetted major-general U. S. A. for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Jonesboro, Georgia. He was promoted colonel of the 23d U. S. infantry, July 23, 1866, and served on the Pacific coast, in Alaska, and, after the murder of General Canby by the Modoc Indians, in 1873, succeeded to the command of the department and forced the tribe to surrender. General Davis died in Chicago, Illinois, November 30, 1879.

Deitzler, George W., brigadier-general, was born in Pine Grove. Pennsylvania, November 30, 1826. was educated in the district schools and removed to Kansas in 1855, becoming there one of the leaders of the conservative Free State party. In March, 1855, he was sent east by Governor Robinson, and obtained from the emigrant aid company an order for 100 Sharp's rifles, which he brought back to Lawrence in boxes labeled "books." In May, 1856, he was arrested, with other leaders of the Free State party, .indicted for treason and thrown into prison, but was set at liberty on September 10. He was elected to the state legislature in 1857 and chosen speaker, was reelected in 1859. and in 1861 was appointed Indian agent-by President Lincoln, the appointment being withdrawn, however, on a'ctfj !jlt of opposition by Senator James T. Lane, before it came before the senate for confirmation. At the outbreak of the Civil war he organized the 1st Kansas volunteers, of which he became colonel, June 5, 1861, and was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers November 29, 1862, for bravery at Wilson's creek, where we commanded a brigade. He resigned from the volunteer army on accu.it of ill health, August 22, 1863, and in 1864 was made major-general of Kansas militia. Subsequently he served as mayor of Lawrence and treasurer of the board of regents of the University of Kansas. He died at Tucson, Arizona, April 11, 1884, from injuries sustained in a fall from his carriage.

Delafield, Richard, brigadier-general, was born in New York city, September 1, 1798, and WcS g-tiduated first in his class in the U. S. military academy in 1818,.being promoted 2nd lieutenant at once and assigned to duty with the Amrr:-aii l<. undary commission under the treaty of Ghent. He was engaged s superintending engineer in constructing U. S. defenses until 1838, was , an promoted major and was superintendent of the military academy, West Point from 1838-45 and 1855-61. He accompan:ed Captain Gee rb K McClellan and Major Alfred Mordecai to 'he operations of the Crimean war, and his r methods as seen in that war was printed promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1861, colonel chief of engineers, April 22, 1864, and was 3 A. for "faithful, meritorious and distinieer department during the war." He ren Europe in :855-56, to elaborate report of moi -. by Congress m 1860. H<-" in 1863, brigadier-geneni brevetted major-genera I guished services in the er dered valuable service w-<he government during the Civil war on the staff of Governor Morgan of New York, 1861-63, in the reorganization and equipment of state forces; Jiitas from 1864 to 1870 on duty at Washington as commander of the engineer corps, and in charge of the bureau of engineers of the war depart lent, and served as inspector of the military academy, as member of the light-house board, and of the commission for the improvement of Boston harbor. He was also a regent of the Smithsonian institution, and a member of scientific organizations. He was retired, August 8, 1866, after forty-five years' service, and died in Washington, D. C, November 5, 1873.

Dennis, Elias S., brigadier-general, was born in New York, and at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war was a resident of Carlyle, Illinois On August 28, 1861, he became lieutenant-colonel of the 30th Illinois infantry, and when Colonel Philip B. Fouke resigned, April 22, 1862, he was promoted colonel, May 1, to succeed him. His services won him promotion to brigadier-general, November 29, 1862, and on April 13, 1865, he was promoted brevet major-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious services in the operations before Mobile, Alabama. General Dennis was honorably mustered out of the service, August 24, 1865.  He died December 16, 1894.

Dent, Frederick T., brigadier-general, was born in White Haven, St. Louis county, Missouri, December 17, 1820, son of Frederick F. and Ellen (Wrenshall) Dent, and brother of Julia Dent, wife of General U. S. Grant. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1843 and served in the Mexican war, at the siege of Vera Cruz, the capture of San Antonio, the battles of Churubusco, where he was severely wounded, and Molino del Rey, receiving for gallant and meritorious conduct at the last named battles the brevets of 1st lieutenant and captain. He then served on the Pacific railroad survey and on frontier duty against hostile Indians in the far west, and in 1863 was promoted major and given command of a regiment in the Army of the Potomac. He was on duty in New York city ; during the draft riots of that year, and served as a member of a commission for the trial of state prisoners from January to March, 1864. He was I then assigned to the staff of Lieutenant-General Grant, with the rank of lieu;. tenant-colonel, and was present at the battles and operations of the Richmond campaign to the surrender of Lee, after which he was military Page 72 commander of the city of Richmond and of the troops rationed at Washington. He was colonel and aide-de-camp to the general-in-chief at Washington, in 1866, and served as private secretary to President Grant from 1869 to 1873. He was transferred to the 14th infantry in 1866, made lieutenant-colonel of the 32nd infantry in 1867, colonel of the 1st artillery in 1881, and was retired at his own request in 1883 He was promoted brevet brigadier-general U. S. A. and brigadier-general of volunteers, in 1865, for "gallant and meritorious sen cem the field during the war." General Dent died in Denver, Colonel, December at, 1892.

Denver, James W., brigadier-general, was b-.n in Winchester, Virginia, May 28, 1817, removed to Ohio in 1830, studied the Cincinnati law school, in which he was graduated, and practiced law nd ed :M a local Democratic paper in Xenia. Removing thence fo Plat' e coun' .-. Missouri, he was appointed captain of Company H, 12th U. S. infantry, in March, 1847, and served in the war with Mexico until if close. participat:ug in the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, Molino d Rey, Chapultepec; and the Garetas. In 1850 he moved to California, eating ir Weajrville, and he served as state senator, secretary of st? and representative  in Congress, 1855-57, where he was chairman of * committee the Pacific railroad. He was subsequently commissioner Indian affairs, but resigned this office to become governor of the territory of Kansas, which then included Colorado. The city of Denver was him. He resigned this latter office in 1858 to become again commissioner of Indian affairs, and on August 14, 1861, President Lincoln appointed him brigadier-general of volunteers. He served in this capacity but two years, resigning in 1863. He was for some time in Kansas, when ordered to report to General Halleck at Pittsburg landing, Tennessee, and advanced thence to Corinth, Mississippi, where he had command of all the railroads in that section, his force increasing to 30,000 men. After his resignation he practised law at Washington, and at Wilmington, Ohio, where he also had a large farm. General Denver died in Washington, D. C, August 9, 1892.

De Russy, Gustavus A., brigadier-general, was born in Brooklyn, New York, November 3, 1818. He was a cadet at the U. S. military academy, 1835-38, and in March, 1847, was appointed 2nd lieutenant, 4th U. S. artillery. He served throughout the war and received the brevets of 1st lieutenant for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, and captain for like service at Chapultepec. He was quartermaster of the 4th U. S. artillery from 1849 to 1857, and was promoted captain in August, 1857. He was brevetted major, June 25, 1862, for bravery in action at Fair Oaks, lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at Malvern hill, colonel and brigadier-general U. S. A. March 13, 1865, for services during the war. He entered the volunteer service as colonel of the 4th New York artillery, March 17, 1863, was promoted May 29, 1863, and was mustered out of the service, January 15, 1866. He was made major of the 3d U. S. artillery, July 26, 1866; lieutenant-colonel, August 25, 1879, and colonel of the 4th U. S. artillery, June 30, 1882. He was superintendent of practical instruction and tactical recitations at West Point from 1871 till 1874. General De Russy was retired by operation of law, November 3, 1882, and died in Detroit, Michigan, May 29, 1891.

De Trobriand, Philip R., brigadier-general, was born in the Chateau des Rochetts, near Tours, France, June 4, 1816. He became a page at the court of Charles X, then king of France, but the revolution of 1830 changed the plans formed for his military education and he was graduated at the University of Orleans as bachelier-es-lettres in 1834 and at Pontiers as licencie-en-droit in 1838. Coming to the United States in 1841, he married the daughter of a New York merchant, and published in New York, in 1849-50, the "Revue de Nouveau Monde," and was joint Page 73 editor of the "Courier des Etats-Unis" in 1854-61. On August 28, 1861, he entered the service of the United States as colonel of the 55th New York regiment. He was engaged at Yorktown and Williamsburg, commanded a Brigade of the 3d army corps in 1862-63 and took part in the engagements at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, where, on the second day, he held the peach orchard, the central point of General Sickles' line. He was then mustered out of the service, but in January, 1864, was commissioned brigadier-general, a position which he accepted in May, and in May and June, 1864, he commanded the defenses of New York city. As commander of a brigade in the 2nd army corps he was present at Deep Bottom, Petersburg, Hatcher's run and Five Forks, and he commanded the 3d division of the 2nd corps in the final campaign, ending in the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, April 9, 1865, for "highly meritorious services during the campaign terminating with the surrender of the insurgent army under General R. E. Lee," being the only Frenchman besides Lafayette to hold that rank in the United States army. He entered the regular army as colonel in July, 1866, was brevetted brigadier-general March 2, 1867, and commanded the district of Dakota in August of that year. In March, 1869, he was transferred to the 13th infantry and commanded the district of Montana, and subsequently that of Green river. He was retired at his own request, March 20, 1879, on account of age. General De Trobriand became Baron de Trobriand upon the death of his father, in 1840, and inherited the title of count in 1874, but he never carried the titles in the United States. He' spent the last years of his life in New Orleans, spending the summers alternately in France and at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Charles A. Post, at Bayport, New York, and he died at Bayport, July 15, 1897.

Devens, Charles, brigadier-general, was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, April 4, 1820. He was graduated at Harvard in arts in 1838 and in law in 1840, and practised his profession in Northfield and later in Greenfield, Massachusetts He was state senator, 1848-49, and U. S. marshal for the district, 1849-53, under appointment of President Fillmore. In this capacity it became his duty to execute the process under which the fugitive slave, Sims, was returned to his owner, but after the rendition he offered to pay for Sims' freedom, and in 1877, when attorney-general of the United States, he appointed him to a position in the department of justice. He entered the Federal army in 1861, was made major of the 3d battalion rifles in April of that year; and in July was appointed colonel of the 15th Massachusetts volunteers. He served with this regiment until 1862 and was wounded at Ball's bluff. He was made brigadier-general of volunteers, April 15, 1862, commanded a brigade during the Peninsular campaign, and fought at Fair Oaks, Antietam and Fredericksburg, being severely wounded at Fair Oaks and having a horse shot under him at Antietam. For gallant conduct at Fredericksburg he received commendations from the division commander. In 1863 he commanded a division in the 11th corps at Chancellorsville, and was severely wounded there. Returning to the field in 1864, he was appointed to the command of a division of the 18th army corps, reorganized as the 3d division of the 24th corps, and his troops were the first to occupy Richmond upon the evacuation of the city by the Confederates. On recommendation of General Grant, he was brevetted major-general of volunteers for gallant and good conduct at the capture of Richmond. He commanded the district of Charleston, in 1865-66, and then, in June, 1866, was mustered out of the service and returned to practice his profession in Worcester. He was judge of the superior court of Massachusetts, 1866-73, was afterwards judge of the supreme judicial court, and then resigned to become attorney-general of the United States under President Hayes. At the close of the administration Page 74 he was appointed by Governor Long to the supreme bench of the state, where he remained until his death. General Devens was commander-in-chief of the G. A. R. in 1874. He was orator of the day on numerous noteworthy occasions, and, after his death, a heroic size statue was erected to his memory by the state of Massachusetts. General Devens died in Boston, Massachusetts, January 7, 1891.

Devin, Thomas C, major-general, was born in New York city in 1822, was educated in the common schools there and learned the trade of painter. He was lieutenant-colonel of the 1st New York state militia in 1861, and recruited in June of that year the first company of cavalry sent by Governor Morgan to the defense of Washington. He became captain of that company, which was made part of the 1st New York cavalry, and after his first three months' service, returned to the front as colonel of the 6th New York volunteer cavalry. He commanded a brigade at Five Forks and captured the Confederate earthworks there, and at Front Royal his regiment captured two sets of colors and he was himself severely wounded. For gallantry at Front Royal he was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers, August 15, 1864, and on March 13, 1865, he received the brevet of major-general of volunteers for his services during the war. At the close of the war he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 8th U. S. Cavalry, July 28, 1866, and on March 2, 1867, he was brevetted colonel U. S. A. for gallantry at Fisher's hill, and brigadier-general for distinguished service at Sailor's creek. He was promoted colonel of the 3d U. S. cavalry, June 25, 1877. General Grant is said to have ranked General Devin as second only to Sheridan as a cavalry officer. General Devin died in New York city, April 4, 1878.

Dewey, Joel A., brigadier-general, was born in Georgia, Vermont, September 20, 1840, and was a student at Oberlin college in 1861, when he received a commission as 1st lieutenant. He left college to join the Union army, served in the army of General John Pope, and afterwards with General Sherman, was promoted captain and served on the staff of General Rosecrans. In 1863 he was promoted colonel and commanded the mth colored regiment. He led a brigade in the operations in Alabama, was captured at Athens, Alabama, while engaging Forrest's cavalry, and, after his exchange, served in Tennessee and Alabama until the close of the war. He received his commission as brigadier-general of volunteers, December 13, 1865, declined an appointment as captain in the regular army, and was mustered out of the volunteer service January 31, 1866. He then studied law in the Albany (New York) law school, was graduated in 1867 and removed to Dandridge, Tennessee, where he practised law. He was attorney-general of Tennessee from 1869 to 1873. He died in Knoxville, Tennessee, June 17, 1873.

Dix, John A., major-general, was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire, July 24, 1798, and received his early education at the academy at Salisbury, at the Phillips Exeter academy, and the College of Montreal. As a boy of fourteen he entered the war of 1812 as a cadet in his father's regiment, the 14th U. S. infantry, stationed at Baltimore, Maryland, where he also studied at St. Mary's college. He was made ensign in 1813, took part in the operations on the Canadian frontier, served subsequently as adjutant to Colonel Walback, and in 1810 was appointed aide-de-camp to General Jacob Brown, then in command of the northern military department of the United States, and stationed at Brownsville, where he studied law. He was later prepared for the bar in Washington, under William West, but did not practice there, and in 1826 was sent as special messenger to the court of Denmark. On his return he was stationed at Fort Monroe, but ill health led him to practice law in Cooperstown, New York, and he subsequently held various important positions in that state. He was adjutant-general of the State of New York, secretary of state and superintendent of public schools, Page 75 a prominent member of the "Albany Regency," and then, going out of office in 1840 by the defeat of the Democratic party, devoted himself to literary pursuits, being editor-in-chief from 1841 to 1843 of "The Northern Light." He was elected member of the state assembly in 1841, spent two years abroad, was United States senator from New York from 1845 to 1849, and, in 1848, was the candidate on the Free-Soil Democratic ticket for governor of New York, but was overwhelmingly defeated by Hamilton Fish. He was appointed assistant treasurer at New York by President Pierce, and was the choice of the president as minister to France, but was never nominated, owing to political opposition. He earnestly supported Buchanan and Breckenridge in the canvass of 1856, and opposed the election of Lincoln in 1860, voting for Breckenridge and Lane. He was appointed by President Buchanan postmaster of New York to succeed Isaac V. Fowler, defaulter, declined the portfolio of war in that president's cabinet, and on January 9, 1861, accepted the place of secretary of the treasury It was while in this office that he sent the historic message to Lieutenant Caldwell at New Orleans, to arrest the commander of the revenue cutter, adding to the message: "If anyone attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." At the opening of the Civil war he rendered effective service as president of the Union defense committee in New York, from its formation in 1861, and on April 24 of that year presided over the great meeting in Union Square which determined the attitude of the metropolis and of the entire North in reference to supporting the new administration. On the president's call for troops he organized and sent to the front seventeen regiments, and was appointed by Governor Morgan one of the four major-generals of state troops. In the following June he was commissioned by President Lincoln major-general of volunteers, and was ordered to Washington by General Scott to take command of the Arlington and Alexandria department. He was ousted from this post by political intrigue and given command of the Department of Maryland, which was then considered of comparatively minor importance, but which became later the center and key of the national position, and it was through General Dix's energetic and judicious measures that the city and state were prevented from espousing the Confederate cause. He was sent from Baltimore to Fortress Monroe in May, 1862, and in June, 1863, was in command of a force of 10,000 men, in the movement up the York river to the White House, where he succeeded in cutting off Lee's line of communication with the Confederate capital, and in destroying bridges, capturing Confederate troops, including General W. H. F. Lee, and obtaining control of the whole country between the Pamunkey and Rappahannock rivers. Then, when the city of Richmond was almost within his grasp, he was ordered to fall back and send all his available troops to the defense of Washington and the Pennsylvania border, then threatened by the combined Confederate forces. After the trouble connected with the draft riots in New York, he was transferred to New York, in command of the Department of the East, superseding General Wool, and he held this post until the close of the war, his energetic action preventing further trouble in the metropolis and restoring business confidence. He was the first president of the Union Pacific railroad company, and in 1866 was appointed U. S. naval officer of New York, and in the same year, minister to France. He returned to America on the accession of President Grant in 1869, was elected governor of New York in 1872, but in 1874, owing to political intrigue in the Republican party, was defeated of reelection. He became president of the Erie railroad company in 1872. General Dix died in New York city, April 21, 1879.

Dodge, Charles C., brigadier-general, was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, September 16, 1841. He was commissioned captain in the first New York mounted Page 76 Army rifles, December 6, 1861, and was soon afterwards promoted major. He was in command of the outposts at Newport News, and of a cavalry column of General Wool's army that marched on Norfolk, and received the surrender of that place before the arrival of his superior officers. He commanded in successful engagements at Suffolk, Virginia, and Hertford ford, North Carolina, was promoted lieutenant-colonel, July 1, 1862, colonel, August 13, 1862, and brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862, a/id on June 12, 1863, he resigned.

Dodge, Grenville M., major-general, was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, April 12, 1831, was graduated in Captain Partridge's military academy, Norwich, Vermont, in 1850, and in 1851 moved to Illinois, going thence to Iowa, and was employed as a civil engineer in railroad construction work until the outbreak of the Civil war. He was sent to Washington in 1861 to secure arms and equipments for the Iowa troops, was successful in his mission, and on returning to Iowa was appointed colonel of the 4th Iowa regiment, which he had raised. He served in Missouri under Fremont, commanded a brigade in the Army of the Southwest, and a portion of his command took Springfield, February 13, 1862, opening General Curtis' Arkansas campaign of that year. At the battle of Pea ridge he commanded a brigade on the extreme right, had three horses shot under him in that engagement and was severely wounded in the side. For gallantry he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, March 31, 1862, and in June of that year he took command of the district of the Mississippi and built the Mississippi & Ohio railroad. He was one of the first to organize negro regiments. He defeated General J. B. Villepigue on the Hatchie river, October 5, 1862, captured Colonel W. W. Faulkner and his forces near Island No. 10, and in the autumn of 1862 was placed in command of the 2nd division of the Army of the Tennessee. During the Vicksburg campaign, with headquarters at Corinth, he made frequent raids, and indirectly protected the flanks of both Grant and Rosecrans, and for his services was placed at the head of General Grant's list of officers recommended for promotion. He distinguished himself at the battle of Sugar valley, May 9, 1864, and at Resaca, May 14 and 15, 1865, and for his services at these engagements was promoted major-general of volunteers June 7, 1864. In the Georgia campaign he led the 16th corps of Sherman's army and distinguished himself at Atlanta, July 22, withstanding, with eleven regiments, a whole army corps, and at the siege of that city, on August 19, where he received a wound so severe as to incapacitate him for service for some time. He succeeded General Rosecrans in the command of the Department of Missouri in December, 1864, became commander also of the Department of Kansas and the territories in February, 1865, breaking up bands of guerrillas and marauders and defeating hostile Indians, and receiving the surrender of General Smith's army in Missouri, and General Merriwether Jeff Thompson's command in Arkansas. General Dodge was chosen chief engineer of the Union Pacific railroad on May 1, 1866, and resigned from the army to accept the office. He served in the 40th Congress, 1867-69, as representative from Iowa, but declined renomination. He was chief engineer of the Texas & Pacific railroad from 1871 to 1881, and then removed to New York city. General Dodge was a delegate to the Republican national conventions of 1868 and 1876, held the office of president of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, and was at one time commander of the Loyal Legion. He was appointed major-general in the war with Spain, in 1898, but declined the honor.

Doolittle, Charles C, brigadier-general, was born in Burlington, Vermont, March 16, 1832, was educated at the Montreal, Canada, high school, and moved in 1847 to New York city, going thence to Michigan. In 1861 he was elected 1st lieutenant in the 4th Michigan volunteers, was promoted Page 76 colonel of the 18th Michigan volunteers, July 22, 1862, and fought with conspicuous gallantry at the battle of Gaines' mill where he received a slight wound. Being transferred to the Army of the Ohio, he served in Kentucky, 1862-63, and in Tennessee, 1863-64 While in command of troops occupying Decatur, Alabama, October 30, 1864, he repulsed General Hood in his three successive attacks, and at the battle of Nashville he led a brigade. He commanded Nashville during the early part of 1865, and was transferred later in the year to the command of the northeastern district of Louisiana. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, January 27, 1865, and was brevetted major-general June 13, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteer service, November 30, 1865, and located at Toledo, Ohio, becoming cashier of the Merchants' national bank there. General Doolittle died February 20, 1903. Doubleday, Abner, major-general, was born in Ballston, New York, June 26, 1819. He was graduated at West Point in 1842 and served in the Mexican war in the 1st artillery, being present at Monterey, and at Buena Vista, where he defended the Rinconoda pass. He was promoted captain in 1855, served in the Seminole war, 1856-58, and was one of the garrison at Fort Moultrie in 1860, withdrawing with his men, by order of Major Anderson, to Fort Sumter, December 26, 1860. He aimed the first gun fired in defense of that fort, April 12, 1861. He was promoted major, in the 7th infantry. May 14, 1861, and served with General Patterson in the valley and in the defense of the national capital. Promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, February 3, 1862, he commanded the defense of Washington, led a brigade in the Northern Virginia campaign from May to September, 1862, and at the second battle of Bull Run he succeeded to the command of Hatch's division, while at Antietam his division, which led the extreme right, opened the battle and captured six battle flags. General Doubleday was promoted major-general of volunteers, November 21, 1862, fought at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, and, when Reynolds was made commander of a wing of the army, succeeded to command of the 1st army corps. He supported Buford's cavalry at Gettysburg, commanded the field when Reynolds fell until the arrival of General Howard, and on the third day his division aided in turning back Pickett's charge and putting the Confederate army to flight. He was after that, until 1865, on court-martial duty and on various commissions, was brevetted colonel and brigadier-general in the regular army, March 11, and major-general U. S. A. March 13, 1865, for services during the war. He was commander of Galveston, Texas, at the close of 1866, and was then commissioner of the Freedmen's bureau in Texas until mustered out of the volunteer service, August 1, 1867. He was promoted colonel U. S. A. and assigned to the 35th infantry, September 15, 1867, and was afterwards stationed on various duties in New York city, San Francisco, and Texas. General Doubleday was retired December 11, 1873. He died in Mendham, New Jersey, January 27, 1893.

Dow, Neal, brigadier-general, was born in Portsmouth, Maine, March 20, 1804, of Quaker parentage, was educated in public schools and in the Friends' academy in New Bedford. Massachusetts, and was trained in mercantile pursuits, succeeding to the management of his father's tannery in 1861. Early in life he became a champion of the temperance movement, and in 1851 succeeded in getting through the legislature a radical, anti-liquor law. He made many addresses on temperance throughout the state, was elected mayor of Portland in 1851 and again in 1855, and was a member of the state legislature. 1858-59. On December 31, 1861, he was appointed colonel of the nth Maine regiment, which he had raised, as he had also the 2nd Maine battery, and was assigned with his regiment to join General Butler's expedition to New Orleans. He was in the steamer "Mississippi" with about 2,500 men when she was run aground on Frying Pan Page 78 shoals off the coast of North Carolina. Soon after the arrival of the expedition at Ship island, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, April 28, 1862, and was placed in command of the forts at the mouth of the Mississippi and afterwards of the district of Florida. In the attack on Port Hudson, May 27, 1863, he was wounded twice and taken prisoner while lying in a house near, and spent eight months in Libby prison and at Mobile. He was exchanged for General W. H. Fitzhugh Lee, in March, 1864, but his health was so undermined from privations of prison life that he was unable to take the field again, and on November 30, 1864, he resigned his commission. After the war, General Dow resumed his temperance work, and in 1880 was candidate on the Prohibition ticket for the presidency, receiving 10,305 votes. In 1884, as the result of his many years of labor for tie cause, the state of Maine adopted an amendment forbidding forever the manufacture or keeping for sale of intoxicating liquors. General Dow died in Portland, Maine, October 2, 1897.

Duffie, Alfred N., brigadier-general, was born in Paris, France, May 1, 1835. He studied at several military academies in Paris, was graduated at the military college of St. Cyr in 1854 as 2nd lieutenant, and then served in Algiers and Senegal, and in the Crimea during the war with Russia, being promoted there to 1st lieutenant of cavalry. He afterwards took part in the campaign against Austria and gained several medals of honor. Coming to the United States when war was threatened, in 1860, he was given a captaincy in a cavalry regiment, August 9, 1861. He was promoted major, on October 5, and on July 6, 1862, became colonel of the 1 st Rhode Island cavalry. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, June 23, 1863, and served until August 24, 1865, when he was honorably mustered out of the service. After the war General Duffie was appointed United States consul in Cadiz, and held this office until his death, which occurred in Cadiz, Spain, November 1, 1880.

Dumont, Ebenezer, brigadier-general, was born in Vevay, Indiana, November 23, 1814. He was educated at the Indiana state university, studied law and was admitted to the bar, and began to practice his profession in Vevay. He was chosen member of the state legislature in 1838, was elected speaker of the house, and in 1839-45, was treasurer of Vevay county, and was for many years president of the state bank. In the Mexican war he served as lieutenant-colonel of the 4th Indiana volunteers, and distinguished himself at the battle of Huamantla. Returning to Indiana, he was a Democratic elector in 1852, and in 1850 and 1853 was again a member of the lower house of the state legislature. At the beginning of the Civil war he became colonel of the 7th Indiana regiment, served with distinction at Laurel hill, Rich mountain and Carrick's ford, and then, reorganizing his regiment for three years' service, commanded it at the action of Greenbrier river, October 3, 1861, under General Reynolds. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers September 3, 1861, was engaged at Cheat mountain, September 12, and commanded the 17th brigade, Army of the Ohio, in January, 1862. He attacked and drove off Morgan and his raiders at Lebanon, Kentucky, May 5, 1862, and after September of that year commanded the 12th division of Buell's army. He was compelled by failing health to resign his commission, February 28, 1863, and was elected to Congress as a Unionist, serving from 1863 till 1867. He died in Indianapolis, Indiana, April 16, 1871. Duryee, Abram, brigadier-general, was born in New York city, April 29, 1815. His father and two uncles were officers in the war of 1812, while his grandfather was a soldier in the Revolution and was for a time a prisoner in the old sugar house on Liberty street. He received a high school education and acquired a fortune through the sale of mahogany. Joining the militia as a private when eighteen years old, he rose through Page 79 the grades, becoming colonel of the 7th regiment in 1849 and holding this office fourteen years. He commanded his regiment in five desperate riots in New York city, was wounded in the Astor place riot, and his prompt action on that occasion suppressed a serious outbreak, though not without the loss of several lives. He was among the first to recruit volunteers for the Civil war, raising in less than a week, in April, 1861, the 5th New York regiment, known as "Duryee's Zouaves," leading it to the front and participating in the first important battle of the war, the disastrous engagement at Big Bethel, June 10, 1861. After the battle he was made acting brigadier-general, superseding General Pierce, and, in August, 1861, he was commissioned brigadier-general. He commanded his brigade at Cedar mountain, Thoroughfare gap, 2nd Bull Run and Chantilly, and at South mountain and Antietam commanded Ricketts' division when that officer succeeded General Hooker to the command of the corps. He was then for a time absent on furlough, and on his return, finding that his brigade had been given to an inferior, and that his claims to the old position were ignored, he resigned January 5, 1863. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865, for distinguished services. He was appointed police commissioner of New York city, in 1873, holding that office for many years, and distinguishing himself by routing the assembled communists in Tompkins square in 1874. He was dockmaster from 1884 until 1887. He died in New York city, September 27, 1890.

Duval, Isaac H., brigadier-general, was born in Wellsburg, Virginia, September 1, 1824, received a common school education, and, when thirteen years old, became a traveller, hunter and trapper in the Rocky Mountains, Mexico, Central and South America and California. In 1846-47 he was secretary of the commissioners sent out by President Polk to make treaties with the Indians living on the borders of Texas and New Mexico. He led the first expedition which crossed the plains from Texas to California in 1849; was in the Lopez insurrection in Cuba in 1851, barely escaping execution, and then returned to Wellsburg, Virginia, where he remained until the outbreak of the Civil war. He entered the United States service as major of the first three months' service regiment of volunteer infantry sent out from western Virginia, was promoted colonel of the 9th W. Virginia, infantry, in September, 1862, became brigadier-general in 1864, and was assigned to the command of a division of the 8th army corps. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865, for gallantry and meritorious service on the battle field, particularly at the battle of Winchester, Virginia, and was mustered out January 15, 1866. During the war he was in thirty-two battles, was wounded three times, and had eleven horses killed or wounded under him. After the war General Duval was both representative and senator in the state legislature of West Virginia, was adjutant-general of the state two years; a representative in Congress from 1869-71; U. S. assessor for the District of West Virginia, 1882-84, and collector of internal revenue, 1884-98.

Dwight, William, brigadier-general, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, July 14, 1831. He was a student at a preparatory military school at West Point, 1846-49, and a cadet at the United States military academy, 1849-53, but resigned before graduation to engage in manufacturing in Boston. He was commissioned captain in the 13th U. S. infantry, May 14, 1861, and in June of that year was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 70th New York volunteers, of which Daniel E. Sickles was colonel. At the battle of Williamsburg, where his regiment lost half its men, he was twice wounded, left for dead on the field, and taken prisoner. He was exchanged, and for gallantry was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862, and assigned to the 1st brigade of Grover's division, which he led in the attack on Port Hudson. For his bravery on this Page 80 occasion he was appointed member of the commission to receive the surrender of Confederate forces. He was chief of staff to General Banks in the Red River expedition after May, 1864, and in July of that year was assigned to the command of the 1st division of the 19th army corps, with which he rendered important service under Sheridan in the campaign of the Shenandoah valley, notably at Winchester, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek. He resigned, January 15, 1866, and engaged in business in Cincinnati, Ohio. General Dwight died in Boston, Massachusetts, April 21, 1888.

Dyer, Alexander B., brigadier-general, was born in Richmond, Virginia, January 10, 1815. He was graduated in the United States military academy in 1837, served in garrison, in the Florida war, was on ordnance duty at various United States Arsenals, 1838-46, and was chief of ordnance to the army invading New Mexico, 1846-48, serving part of the time on the staff of General Sterling Price. He was engaged at Canada, in the valley of Taos, where he was wounded, February 4, 1847, and Santa Cruz de Rosales, Mexico, receiving for his services the brevets of 1st lieutenant and captain. He was commandant of the armory at Springfield, Massachusetts, 1861-64, and in charge of the ordnance bureau, Washington, D. C, with the rank of brigadier-general, 1864-74. During the war he extended greatly the manufacture of small arms for the army. He invented the Dyer projectile for cannon. On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted major-general U. S. A. for "faithful and meritorious services during the war." General Dyer died in Washington, D. C, May 20, 1874.

Eaton, Amos B., major-general, was born in Catskill, New York, May 12, 1806, and was graduated in the United States military academy in 1826. He took part in the Seminole war in Florida and Alabama, in 1827-28, and was a captain in General Taylor's army of occupation in the war with Mexico, winning a brevet as major for "gallant and meritorious conduct" at Buena Vista. He served in the Civil war as purchasing commissary in New York city, 1861-64, and as commissary-general of subsistence, at Washington, 1864-65. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel, colonel and brigadier-general, U. S. A., and on March 13, 1865, was given the brevet rank of major-general for efficient services in the commissary department during the Civil war. General Eaton was retired in 1874, and died in New Haven, Connecticut, February 21, 1877. Edwards, John, brigadier-general, was born in Jefferson county, Kentucky, October 24, 1815. He received a common school education, studied law, and entered upon the practice of his profession in Indiana, becoming a representative in the state legislature, 1845-49. In 1849 he removed to California and was at once made an alcalde, and then, returning to Indiana in 1852, he served in the state senate. Subsequently he moved to Iowa, was a member of the state constitutional convention there in 1855, and a representative in the state legislature in 1856-60, being speaker of the house, 1859 and 1860. He was appointed member of Governor Kirkwood's staff in 1861. and in May, 1862, organized the 18th Iowa volunteers, became colonel of the regiment, and led it to the front. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, September 24. 1864, and served in this capacity until mustered out of the service, January 15, 1866. After the war he settled at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and was appointed United States assessor, August 6, 1866. He was elected by the Republicans a member of the 42nd Congress, but his seat was successfully contested by Thomas Boles, the Democratic candidate, who took his seat. February o. 1872. General Edwards died April 8, 1894. Edwards, Oliver, brigadier-general, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, January 30, 1835. At the beginning of the Civil war he was commissioned 1st lieutenant and adjutant of the 10th Massachusetts regiment, and in January. 1862, Page 80 he was appointed senior aide-de-camp on the staff of General Darius N. Couch. He was commissioned major of the 37th Massachusetts regiment, August 9, 1862, was promoted colonel soon afterward; was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers, October 19, 1864, "for gallant and distinguished services at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, and for meritorious services at the battle of the Opequan;" was given the brevet rank of major-general of volunteers, April 5, 1865, for "conspicuous gallantry in the battle of Sailor's creek, Virginia," and on May 19, 1865, was given the full rank of brigadier-general of volunteers. After serving through the Peninsular campaign of 1862, and the Fredericksburg and Gettysburg campaigns, General Edwards was ordered to New York city to quell the draft riots of July, 1863, and was placed in command of Forts Hamilton and Lafayette. Returning then to the Army of the Potomac, he took part in the battle of Rappahannock, and then distinguished himself at the battle of the Wilderness, when, on the second day, he made a charge at the head of the 37th Massachusetts regiment and succeeded in breaking through the Confederate lines; and at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864, when he held the "bloody angle" during twenty-four hours of continuous fighting. He subsequently participated in all the battles of the overland campaign, and accompanied the 6th corps when sent to the defense of Washington against the advance of Early. He was afterwards in Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah valley, took part in the battle of Winchester and was placed in command of that city by General Sheridan. He distinguished himself at the final assault on Petersburg, when his brigade captured the guns in front of three of the enemy's brigades, and he received the surrender of the city, April 3, 1865. At Sailor's creek, on April 6, with the 3d brigade of the 1st division, he captured General Custis Lee and staff with his entire brigade, Lieutenant-General Ewell and staff, and many others. General Edwards was mustered out of the army in January, 1866, and after the war engaged in mercantile pursuits both in England and the United States. Egan, Thomas W., brigadier-general, was born in New York city, in 1836. Entering the 40th New York regiment at the beginning of the Civil war, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel, and on June 5, 1862, was promoted colonel. He participated in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac. He commanded a brigade in Grant's overland campaign of 1864, receiving his commission as brigadier-general September 3 of that year, and was wounded at Petersburg. He commanded the division at the battle of Boydton plank-road, Virginia, and for distinguished services on this occasion was brevetted major-general of volunteers, October 27, 1864. In November of that year he was severely wounded, and on recovery was given a division in the Army of the Shenandoah. General Egan was mustered out of the service, January 15, 1866, and subsequently lived in New York. He died February 24, 1887.

Ellet, Alfred W., brigadier-general, was born at Penn's Manor, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, worked on a farm, and studied civil engineering at Bristol academy. When his brother, Charles Ellet, was ordered by the war department, in 1861, to purchase vessels and convert them into rams, he accompanied him, being commissioned lieutenant-colonel. They completed their fleet at Cincinnati and steamed down the river to Memphis, defeating the Confederate fleet there, on June 6, 1862, and sinking or disabling eight of the nine Confederate ironclads. Colonel Charles Ellet received a wound in the battle which proved fatal and left the command of the fleet to Alfred, the appointment being confirmed later by the secretary of war. With the "Monarch," accompanied by the "Lancaster," he steamed 50 miles up the Yazoo river and discovered and reported the presence of the "Arkansas." He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers. November 1, 7862, for gallant and meritorious service at the capture of Memphis, Page 82 and in 1863 was assigned to the Department of the Mississippi and placed in command of the marine brigade. He added to his distinctions in March, 1863, by running the Confederate batteries at Vicksburg, and after that was kept busy moving General Grant's troops. He burned Austin, Mississippi, May 24, 1863, in retaliation for information furnished by citizens to the Confederates of General Chalmer's command, which nearly resulted in the capture of one of his transports. General Ellet resigned his commission, December 31, 1864, and engaged in the practice of his profession as a civil engineer. He died in Kansas in 1895.

Elliott, Washington L., brigadier-general, was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, March 31, 1821. He was graduated at West Point in 1846 and served in the Mexican war until the surrender of Vera Cruz, being promoted 1st lieutenant July 20, 1847, and captain in July, 1854. In an engagement with the Navajos in New Mexico, September, 1858, he commanded a company of United States troops and distinguished himself. Being stationed in Missouri at the outbreak of the Civil war, he took part in the engagements at Springfield and Wilson's creek, and in September, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 2nd Iowa cavalry. He was promoted major in the regular army, November 5, 1861, and for services at New Madrid, Missouri, in March, 1862, at Island No. 10 in April and at Corinth in May, he was severally brevetted. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers in June, 1862, and in the following August became chief of cavalry of the Army of Virginia and was wounded at the second battle of Bull Run. Early in 1863 he was transferred to the command of the Army of the Northwest, but in the summer of that year he was placed in command of a division of the Army of the Potomac, then in the Army of the Cumberland, and commanded the Federal troops at the battle of Mossy creek, Tennessee He was subsequently chief of cavalry in the Army of the Cumberland, and was conspicuous in the Atlanta campaign and in the pursuit of General Hood. He commanded a division in the 4th army corps in the battles about Nashville, Tennessee, in November and December, 1864, and received for gallant services in that campaign the brevets of major-general of volunteers and brigadier-general in the regular army, while for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war he was given the brevet rank of major-general U. S. A. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel in the regular army, August 31, 1866, colonel in 1878, and was retired at his own request, March 20, 1879. General Elliott died in San Francisco, California, June 29, 1888.

Emory, William H., major-general, was born in Poplar Grove, Queen Anne county, Maryland, September 9, 1811, was graduated at the United States military academy in 1831 and appointed lieutenant in the 4th artillery. He was on garrison duty at Charleston, South Carolina, during the nullification excitement, was engaged on the Delaware breakwater and in the survey of the northwest boundary, 1837-46, went with General Stephen M. Kearny to California in 1846, and was on his staff during the Mexican war, receiving the brevet of captain for action at San Pasqual, December 6, 1846, and major for San Gabriel, January 9, 1847. He was on topographical duty on the Mexican boundary line from 1848 till 1853, was promoted lieutenant-colonel for this service, was in Kansas in 1854 and in Utah in 1858, and remained on border duty until May 9, 1861, when he resigned. In 1861 he captured with his command, and brought to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the first prisoners of war taken by Federal troops in the Civil war, a body of Confederate troops from Texas. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 6th cavalry. May 14, 1861, and took part in the Peninsular campaign under McClellan, engaging at Yorktown, Williamsburg, and Hanover Court House, and on March 17, 1862, was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. General Emory commanded a division under General Banks in 1863, was raised to the command of the 19th corps and accompanied Page 83 Banks in the Red River expedition of 1864, in which the displayed unusual skill and bravery, winning especial distinction at Sabine crossroads, Pleasant Hill, and Cane river. He was afterwards transferred to the army operating in Virginia, where he defeated Early at Opequan creek, September 19, 1864, and fought in the subsequent battles of Fisher's hill and Cedar creek. He commanded the department of West Virginia in 1865, and in January, 1866, was mustered out of the volunteer army. He was awarded the brevets of major-general in the volunteer army, July 23, 1864, brigadier-general and major-general U. S. A., March 13, 1865, and on September 25, 1865, was commissioned full major-general of volunteers. After the war he was successively in command of the Department of Washington and the Department of West Virginia, and was retired in 1876 with the rank of brigadier-general in the regular army. General Emory died in Washington, D. C, December 1, 1887.

Este, George P., brigadier-general, was born in Nashua, New Hampshire, April 30, 1830, was graduated at Dartmouth college in 1846, then took a trip to California, and, returning to the states in 1850, practised law at first in Galena, Illinois, and then in Toledo, Ohio. Enlisting in the volunteer army at the beginning of the Civil war, he was elected lieutenant-colonel of the 14th Ohio regiment, April 24, 1861, and after the first three months' service rendered conspicuous service by reorganizing the regiment, and was subsequently promoted its colonel. He was then put in command of the 3d brigade, 3d division, 14th army corps, which he continued to lead through the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea, and the campaign of the Carolinas. He engaged in the battles of Snake Creek gap, Resaca, Kennesaw mountain, the Chattahoochee, where he had his horse shot under him, Peachtree creek, and Jonesboro. At Jonesboro, where he had another horse shot under him and was again slightly wounded, he especially distinguished himself, winning special commendation from General Absalom Baird, commanding the division. He was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers, December 9, 1864, and was commissioned the full rank June 26, 1865. He resigned from the service, December 4, 1865, and practised law in Washington, D. C. General Este died in New York city, February 6, 1881.

Eustis, Henry L., brigadier-general, was born at Fort Independence, Boston, Massachusetts, February 1, 1819. He was graduated at Harvard in 1838, and at West Point, at the head of his class, in 1842. He assisted in the construction of Fort Warren and Lovell's island sea-wall in Boston harbor, was assistant professor in engineering at the United States military academy from 1847 to 1849, and in that year resigned to become professor of engineering at Lawrence scientific school of Harvard college. He joined the volunteer army in 1861 as colonel of the 10th Massachusetts infantry and was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers September 12, 1863. During the war he served at Williamsport, Fredericksburg. Marye's heights, Salem, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in many minor actions. He resigned, June 27, 1864, owing to impaired health, and resumed his college duties. He was dean of the Lawrence scientific school until his death, which occurred in Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 1t. 1885.

Ewing, Charles, brigadier-general, was born in Lancaster, Ohio, March 6, 1835. He was educated at the Dominican college and at the University of Virginia, studied law and was admitted to the bar, and when the Civil war broke out was practising law in St. Louis, Missouri He was commissioned captain in the 13th infantry, May 14, 1861, and afterward served on the staff of his brother-in-law, General William T. Sherman. For his action at Vicksburg, where he planted the flag of his battalion on the parapet of the Confederate fort, receiving in this accomplishment a severe wound, he was Page 84 brevetted major, July 4, 1863, and for gallant and meritorious services at Jackson, Collierville and Missionary ridge, and in the Atlanta campaign, he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel September 1, 1864. He was brevetted colonel in the regular army, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, March 8, 1865, and resigned his commission July 31, 1867. General Ewing then opened a successful law practice in Washington, D. C, and died in Washington, June 20, 1883.

Ewing, Hugh, brigadier-general, was born in Lancaster, Ohio, October 31, 1826, and was educated at the United States military academy. Going to California at the time of the gold fever in 1849, he went to High Sierra in an expedition sent out by his father, then secretary of the interior, to rescue snowbound emigrants, and returned by way of Panama in 1852, as bearer of despatches to Washington. He then resumed his law studies in Lancaster, practised law from 1854 to 1856 in St. Louis, practising after that in Leavenworth, Kansas, and in 1858 removed to Ohio to take charge of his father's salt works. He was appointed by Governor Dennison brigade-inspector of Ohio volunteers, in April, 1861, and served under Rosecrans and McClellan in western Virginia. He was made colonel of the 30th Ohio infantry, August 20, 1861, was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862, and on March 13, 1865, was given the brevet rank of major-general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious service during the war. He led the assault at South mountain which drove the enemy from the summit, led a brigade in a brilliant charge at Antietam, and served throughout the campaign before Vicksburg, leading assaults made by General Sherman, and upon its fall was placed in command of a division. At Chattanooga his division formed the advance of Sherman's army and carried Missionary ridge. He was ordered to South Carolina in 1865. and was planning a secret expedition up the Roanoke river to co-operate with the Army of the James, when Lee surrendered. After the war General Ewing served as United States minister to Holland from 1866 to 1870, and then retired to a farm near Lancaster, Ohio.

Ewing, Thomas, brigadier-general, was born in Lancaster, Ohio. August 7, 1829, and was educated at Brown university, leaving college to act as private secretary to President Taylor, 1849-50. He studied law in Cincinnati and began to practice his profession there, but moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1856, became a member of the Leavenworth constitutional convention of 1858. and in 1861 was elected chief justice of the state. In 1862 he resigned his judgeship, recruited and became colonel of the 11th Kansas volunteers, and with his regiment fought in the battles of Fort Wayne, Cane hill and Prairie Grove. He was made brigadier-general March 13, 1863, for gallantry at Prairie Grove, and checked the invasion of Missouri in September-October, 1864, by holding Fort Davidson, at Pilot Knob, with about 1,10o men, against the repeated attacks of the Confederate forces under Price. He made a successful retreat to Rolla in 1864, and on March 13, 1865, was brevetted major-general of volunteers for meritorious services at the battle of Pilot Knob. He resigned from the army, February 26, 1865. and practised law in Washington, but returned to Lancaster in 1871, and from 1877-81 was a member of Congress, where he prepared a bill to establish a bureau of labor statistics, opposed the presence of soldiers at the polls, and favored the remonetization of silver and the continuation Page 85 of the use of the greenback currency. In 1879 he was an unsuccessful candidate of the Democratic party for governor of Ohio. At the close of his last term in Congress, General Ewing declined renomination and resumed his law practice, making his office and residence in New York city. He died in New York city, January 21, 1896.

Fairchild, Lucius, brigadier-general, was born at Franklin Mills, now Kent, Ohio, December 27, 1831. He attended the public schools in Cleveland and the Twinsburg (Ohio) academy, moved to Madison, Wisconsin, in 1846 and continued his education at Carroll college, Waukesha, Wisconsin, until 1849, when he joined a caravan party organized at Madison and crossed the plains to California. He returned to Madison not much richer then when he left, was clerk of the circuit court of Dane county, 1859-60, and in 1861 was admitted to the bar. Joining, in 1858, a volunteer company known as the "governor's guard," he rose to 1st lieutenant in March, 1861, and in April, 1861, became its captain, the company having been mustered in as company K, 1st Wisconsin volunteers. After taking part in the skirmish at Falling Waters, Virginia, the regiment was mustered out, and on August 5, 1861, Captain Fairchild was promoted to the rank of captain in the regular army and assigned to the 16th U. S. infantry. He obtained leave of absence and was appointed major and then lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd Wisconsin infantry, and in the 2nd battle of Bull Run he commanded the consolidated 2nd and 7th Wisconsin regiments, forming part of the famous "iron brigade." He was promoted colonel, to date from August 30, 1862, and on September 14, stormed and carried Turner's gap, South mountain, pursuing the enemy through Boonsboro to Antietam creek, where, on the 17th, although sick, he was lifted to his horse and commanded his regiment through "the bloodiest day that America ever saw." He commanded his regiment also in the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, winning for skill and gallantry there special commendation from General Meredith, and in January, 1863, commanded the expedition to Heathsville, Virginia, which secured valuable stores and important information, and destroyed several blockade runners on the river. He rendered important service at Chancellorsville, and at Gettysburg led a charge up Seminary hill, losing his left arm. While recovering from his wounds he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, October 19, 1863, and on November 2, 1863, he was mustered out of the service. He was then secretary of state of Wisconsin, 1864-65; governor of Wisconsin, 1866-72; U. S. consul at Liverpool, 1873-78; president of the National soldiers' and sailors' convention, 1878; U. S. consul-general at Paris, 1878-80 and U. S. minister and envoy plenipotentiary to Spain, 1880-81. He was department commander, G. A. R., 1886; commander-in-chief of the organization, 1887; commander of the Wisconsin commandery of the military order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 189093. and commander-in-chief, 1893-94. He was also a promoter and officer of various state and national military homes and beneficent organizations. General Fairchild died in Madison, Wisconsin, May 23, 1896.

Farnsworth, Elon J., brigadier-general, was born in Green Oak, Livingston county, Michigan, in 1837. He was educated in the public schools and spent a year at the University of Michigan, but left college in 1858 and served in the quartermaster's department of the army during the Utah expedition of that year. He subsequently engaged in buffalo-hunting and in carrying freight to the then newly discovered mines at Pike's peak, and in 1861 became assistant Page 86 quartermaster of the 8th Illinois cavalry, which his uncle was then organizing. He was soon promoted captain and took part in all the battles of the Peninsula, and in those of Pope's campaign. He was appointed aide-de-camp to General Pleasonton in May, 1863, and was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers on the 29th of the following month. He was killed, July 3, 1863, while leading a charge at Gettysburg.

Farnsworth, John F., brigadier-general, was born in Eaton, Canada, March 27, 1820. He removed with his parents to Michigan in 1834, received a classical education, studied and practised law, and afterwards went to Chicago, Illinois. He was elected as a Republican a representative in the 35th and 36th Congresses, serving from 1857 to 1861. He then recruited and became colonel of the 8th Illinois cavalry regiment, was afterwards ordered by the war department to recruit the 17th Illinois regiment, and on November 29, 1862, was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. He was on active duty at the front until March, 1863, when, on account of injuries received in battle, he was compelled to resign. He made his home in St. Charles, Illinois, was a representative from his district in Congress from 1863 to 1873, and then engaged in the practice of law in Washington. General Farnsworth died in Washington, D. C, July 14, 1897.

Ferrero, Edward, brigadier-general, was born in Granada, Spain, of Italian parentage, January 18, 1831, and came to the United States with his parents in 1833. Prior to the Civil war he conducted a dancing-school in New York city, taught dancing at West Point, and was a member of the state militia, having attained the rank of colonel by 1861. In the summer of 1861 he raised the 51st New York regiment, called the "Shepard rifles," at his own expense, and led it in Burnside's expedition to Roanoke island, while at New Berne he commanded a brigade under General Reno. He served in Pope's Virginia campaign of 1862, distinguishing himself at the second battle of Bull Run, and in covering Pope's retreat at Chantilly on the following day. At South mountain he commanded a brigade after the death of Reno, and at Antietam he so distinguished himself that he was promoted brigadier-general on the field of battle, September 19, 1862. He subsequently served at Fredericksburg, where he again distinguished himself, and at Vicksburg where his brigade was a part of the 9th army corps. He pursued General Joseph E. Johnston, defeating him at Jackson, Mississippi, commanded a division under Burnside at Knoxville, during the siege, from November 17 to December 4, 1863; and his defense of Fort Sanders against an assault by Longstreet, December 4, compelled that commander to retire, while at the battle of Bean's station his timely occupation of Kelley's ford frustrated Longstreet's attempt to send a detachment across the Holston, and attack the Union forces in the rear. In Grant's final campaign General Ferrero commanded a colored division at Petersburg. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, December 2, 1864, and was mustered out of the service, August 24, 1865. General Ferrero died in New York city, December 11, 1899.

Ferry, Orris S., brigadier-general, was born in Bethel, Fairfield county, Connecticut, August 15, 1823. He was graduated at Yale in 1844, studied law, was admitted to the bar and began the practice of his profession in Norwalk. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 1st division of Connecticut militia in 1847, was judge of probate for the district of Norwalk from 1849 to 1856, and was elected to the state senate in 1855 and 1856. He was an unsuccessful candidate Page 87 date for Congress in 1856, was elected two years later, and was again defeated in 1860. He zealously supported the national government when the Civil war broke out, became colonel of the 5th Conn, regiment in July, 1861, joined General Banks' corps in Maryland, and on March 17, 1862, was promoted brigadier-general and assigned a brigade in Shields' division. He was subsequently transferred to Peck's division of the 4th army corps under General Keyes. He served until the close of the war, being brevetted major-general of volunteers, May 23, 1865, for gallant and distinguished service in the battles of the Peninsula and the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, and resigned June 15, 1865. After the war, in 1866, he was elected United States senator from Connecticut, and in 1872 he was re-elected. He died in Norwalk, Connecticut, November 21, 1875.

Fessenden, Francis, major-general, was born in Portland, Maine, March 18, 1839. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1858, became a lawyer, and at the outbreak of the Civil war was appointed captain in the 19th U. S. infantry, May 14, 1861. He was subsequently on recruiting duty, commanded a company in the Army of the Cumberland from January to April, 1862, and was severely wounded at Shiloh. Becoming colonel of the 25th Maine volunteers, September 29, 1862, he commanded a brigade in the defenses of Washington, and then, from September, 1863, to May, 1864, was colonel of the 30th Maine veteran infantry. He was commissioned brigadier-general in the volunteer army, May 10, 1864, accompanied Banks in the Red River expedition, and took part in the battles of Sabine cross-roads, Pleasant Hill and Monett's bluff, distinguishing himself especially for gallantry in the last named engagement, where he led the charge of his brigade and lost a leg. For gallantry at Shiloh and Monett's bluff he was given the brevet ranks of major and lieutenant-colonel U. S. A., July 6, 1864. He was commissioned major-general of volunteers, in November, 1865, commanded the 1st infantry division, Department of West Virginia, and was subsequently assigned to the 1st veteran corps. He was a member of the Wirz military commission in the winter of 1865-66, and after that was assistant commander of the bureau of refugees, freedmen and abandoned lands. He was retired with the rank of brigadier-general and brevet major-general in the regular army, at his own request, November 1, 1866, was subsequently mayor of his native city, Portland, and then practised law there.

Fessenden, James D., brigadier-general, was born in Westbrook, Maine, September 28, 1833, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1852, and then practised law in Portland until the Civil war broke out. He was commissioned captain of the 2nd U. S. sharpshooters, November 2, 1861, and in 1862-63 served on the staff of General David Hunter and engaged in the operations on the Carolina coast, being present at the attack on Fort McAllister, in the operations on the Edisto, and at Du Pont's attack on Charleston. He organized and commanded the 1st regiment of colored troops in May, 1862, but the government refused to accept such service at that time. In July of that year he was promoted colonel and additional aide-de-camp. He was subsequently transferred to the Army of the Tennessee, in 1863, and served under Hooker in the campaigns of Chattanooga in that year and Atlanta in 1864. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, August 8, 1864, was ordered to report to General Sheridan in the valley of Virginia, and participated in the battle of Cedar creek in October. He was brevetted major-general of Page 88 volunteers, March 13, 1865, for distinguished service in the war, and served in South Carolina until mustered out, January 15, 1866. Returning then to Maine, he was appointed register of bankruptcy in 1868 and was representative in the state legislature, 1872-74. General Fessenden died in Portland, Maine, November 18, 1882.

Fisk, Clinton B., brigadier-general, was born near Greenville, New York, December 8, 1828. He began preparation for college at Albion academy, but, being obliged to give up his studies on account of trouble with his eyes, was a merchant, miller and banker in Michigan, and then western financial manager at St. Louis of the Aetna insurance company of Hartford, Connecticut He served three months in 1861 as private in the Missouri home guards, and in July, 1862, recruited the 33d Missouri regiment, and, as its colonel, led it to the front. In September he was ordered to St. Louis to organize a brigade, became brigadier-general November 24, 1862, and served with the army of the Tennessee. He was made commander of the military district of southeast Missouri in June, 1863, was transferred to the command of the Department of North Missouri in March, 1864, and defended the state capital against the attacks of Confederate troops under Generals Price, Marmaduke and Shelby. For this timely action he was made major-general of state militia by the legislature of Missouri and on March 13, 1865, he was given the title of major-general of volunteers by brevet, but was not allowed to resign, being appointed assistant commissioner of the Freedmen's bureau for Kentucky and Tennessee. General Fisk was active in founding the Fisk university, which was named for him, gave large sums of money to the institution, and was until his death president of its board of trustees. He also rendered conspicuous service to the Methodist church. He was president of the U. S. Indian commissioners from 1872 to 180o, was a candidate for governor of New Jersey on the Prohibition ticket in 1886, and for president of the United States in 1888. General Fisk died in New York city, July 9, 1890.

Force, Manning F., brigadier-general, was born in Washington, D. C, December 17, 1824. He was graduated at Harvard in 1845 and from the Harvard law school in 1848, moved to Ohio in 1849 and began the practice of law in Cincinnati in that year. At the beginning of the Civil war he joined the Union army as major of the 20th Ohio volunteers, was promoted lieutenant-colonel September 71, 1861, and served with Grant at Fort Donelson and Shiloh. He was promoted colonel of his regiment May 1, 1862, served with General Grant in the campaign of southwestern Tennessee and north Mississippi in 1862-63, and on August 11, 1863, was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers for service at the siege of Vicksburg. In the Meridian and Atlanta campaigns and the march to the sea he commanded a brigade in Sherman's army, and in the campaign of the Carolinas he commanded a division. For special gallantry before Atlanta, where he was severely wounded, he was brevetted major-general of volunteers. March 13, 1865, and subsequently commanded a military district in Mississippi until mustered out in January, 1866. For his services at Atlanta he was also awarded a medal of honor by Congress, May 31, 1892. After the war General Force was judge of the court of common pleas at Cincinnati, 1867-77, of the superior court. 1877-87, and then superintendent until 1899 of the soldiers' home at Sandusky, Ohio. He was the author of numerous historical and biographical works on the Civil war, and a member of various learned societies. He died at Soldiers' Home, Sandusky, Ohio, May 8, 1899.

Forsyth, James W., brigadier-general, was born in Ohio, August 26, 1834. He was graduated at West Point in 1856, was promoted 1st lieutenant of infantry March 15, 1861, and captain in the 18th infantry October 24, 1861. He served on General McClellan's staff during the Peninsular and Maryland campaigns, was brevetted major for gallantry at Chickamauga, and in 1864-65 was assistant adjutant-general of volunteers and chief-of-staff to General Sheridan. He took part in the Richmond and Shenandoah campaigns, was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers for gallantry at Winchester, Fisher's hill and Middletown, October 19, 1864, colonel in the regular army, April 1, 1865, for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Five Forks, and brigadier-general April 9, for gallant and meritorious service in the field during the war. General Forsyth was given the full commission of brigadier-general of volunteers, May 19, 1865, and in 1866-67 was assistant inspector-general of the department of the gulf. He was promoted major in the regular army, July 28, 1866; lieutenant-colonel of the 1st cavalry April 4, 1878, colonel June 11, 1886, brigadier-general commanding the Department of California November 9, 1894, and major-general May 12, 1897.

Foster, John G., major-general, was born in Whitefield, New Hampshire, May 27, 1823. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1846, assigned to the engineer corps, and served in the Mexican war under General Scott at the battles of Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco and Molino del Rey, where he was severely wounded. He was brevetted 1st lieutenant and captain for gallantry, and then, until the Civil war, was assistant engineer in Maryland, engaged on coast survey work in Washington, assistant professor of engineering at West Point, and engaged in the construction of Forts Sumter and Moultrie. He successfully moved the garrison of Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter during the night of December 26-27, 1860, and was subsequently one of the defenders of the latter fort during its bombardment, and received the brevet of major for his services. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers October 23, 1861, and for services at Roanoke island in Burnside's . expedition to North Carolina received the brevet of lieutenant-colonel U. S. A. He was then in command of the Department of North Carolina, having been promoted major-general of volunteers, conducted several important and successful expeditions in 1862-63, had charge of the combined departments of Virginia and North Carolina from July to November, 1863, and after that commanded the Army and Department of the Ohio. This command he was forced to give up in December, 1864, on account of severe injuries sustained by a fall from his horse, and, on recovery, was given command of the Department of the South. He received General Sherman and his army at Savannah, December 21, 1864, on the completion of the march to the sea, and commenced the operations for the reduction of Fort Sumter and the capture of Charleston, South Carolina, but was forced by the condition of his old wound to leave the carrying out of his plans to General Q. A. Gillmore. He received the brevet ranks of brigadier-general and major-general in the regular army for his services at Savannah and in the field during the war. General Foster commanded the Department of Florida in 1865-66, and afterward superintended the construction of river and harbor improvements at Boston and Portsmouth. He died in Nashua, New Hampshire, September 3, 1874.

Foster, Robert S., brigadier-general, was born in Vernon, Jennings county, Indiana, January 27, 1834, where he received a common school Page 90 education. Joining the Union army at the outbreak of the war he fought to the close, being advanced from rank to rank until, on March 31, 1865, he received the brevet of major-general of volunteers for gallant conduct in the field. He became captain in the nth Indiana infantry, April 22, 1861, major of the 13th Indiana infantry, June 19, 1861, and was promoted lieutenant-colonel on October 28 of that year, and colonel April 30, 1862. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers June 12, 1863. He resigned September 25, 1865, and was offered a lieutenant-colonelcy in the regular army, but declined and took up his residence in Indianapolis, where he was city treasurer from 1867-72. He was United States marshal for the District of Indiana from 1881 to 1885. General Foster died March 3, 1903.

Franklin, William B., major-general, was born in York, Pennsylvania, February 27, 1823, and was graduated at the United States military academy at West Point, first in his class, in 1843. He served in the Mexican war as topographical engineer under General Taylor, and so distinguished himself at the battle of Buena Vista as to win promotion to the brevet rank of 1st lieutenant. In the years between the Mexican war and the Civil war he was employed on topographical duty on the frontier, as engineer-secretary of the light-house board, assistant professor of engineering at West Point, and supervising engineer in the construction of additions to the national capitol and in the erection of the treasury and post office buildings in Washington, D. C, rising in this interval also to the rank of captain, July 1, 1857. When the Civil war broke out he was promoted colonel of the 12th infantry, May 14, 1861, brigadier-general of volunteers, May 17, 1861, and major-general of volunteers, July 4, 1862. General Franklin's first service in the volunteer army was at Bull Run, July 21, 1861, when he commanded a brigade and engaged in the heaviest fighting of the day around the Henry house. He received a division on the organization of the Army of the Potomac, and when the 6th army corps was formed, became its commander, continuing as such throughout the year 1862. He was in almost all the battles of the Peninsula, engaging at Yorktown, West Point, White Oak bridge, Savage Station, Malvern hill and Harrison's landing, and, after his return to Maryland with the army, commanded the left of the army at Crampton's gap, South mountain, September 14, 1862, and engaged in the battle of Antietam three days later. At the battle of Fredericksburg he commanded the left grand division under Burnside. General Burnside, by complaining that Franklin did not obey orders in this battle caused the latter to be sharply censured by the Congressional committee on the conduct of the war, and he was also removed from his command for insubordination. The failure of the president to approve the order of removal led to Burnside's resignation of his command. After several months on waiting orders General Franklin returned to duty in July, 1863. and on August 15, was assigned to command the 19th army corps, which he directed under Banks in the Red River expedition of 1864. He was wounded at the battle of Sabine crossroads, April 8, 1864, and was on sick leave until December 2, 1864, when he was placed on duty as president of the retiring board at Wilmington, Delaware, in which capacity he served until November 9, 1865. During his leave, while still an invalid, he was captured by Confederate raiders while riding on a train of the Baltimore & Philadelphia road, but made his escape the same night. He was given the brevet rank of brigadier-general, June 30, 1862, for gallant and meritorious Page 91 service in the battles before Richmond, and brevet major-general U. S. A. March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war. He resigned from the regular army March 15, 1866, as colonel of the 12th infantry. He was adjutant-general of Connecticut 1877-78, was for several years president of the board of managers for the National home for disabled soldiers, and was interested in the manufacture of fire arms and a director of three insurance companies. General Franklin died March 8, 1903.

Fremont, John C, major-general, was born in Savannah, Georgia, January 21, 1813, and was educated at Charleston college, from which he was expelled before graduation, although subsequently, in 1836, he was given his degree by the college authorities. He became teacher of mathematics on the sloop-of-war "Natchez" in 1833, on which he took a two-year cruise, and, on returning, passed the necessary examination and was appointed professor of mathematics in the U. S. navy. He was commissioned 2nd lieutenant in the U. S. topographical engineers in 1838, while engaged in exploring the country between the Missouri and the northern frontier, and in 1842, having suggested a geographical survey of all the territories of the United States, he was sent at the head of a party of 28 men to explore the Rocky mountain region. In accomplishing this he ascended the highest peak of the Wind River mountains, which was afterwards known as Fremont's peak. He next explored the territory between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific, then a region almost unknown, and early in 1843 started with a party of 39 men, and, after a journey of 1,700 miles, reached Great Salt lake. It was his report of this region which gave to the Mormons their first idea of settling in Utah. He proceeded thence to the tributaries of the Columbia river and in November started upon the return trip, but, finding himself confronted with imminent danger of death from cold and starvation, turned west, and, after great hardship, succeeded in crossing the Sierra Nevada range and in March reached Sutter's fort in California. His return journey was conducted safely by the southern route, and he reached Kansas in July, 1844. He went on another exploring expedition in 1845, spending the summer along the continental divide and crossing the Sierras again in the winter. Upon refusal of the Mexican authorities to allow him to continue his explorations, he fortified himself with his little force of 64 men on a small mountain some 30 miles from Monterey, but when the Mexicans prepared to besiege the place he retreated to Oregon. He was overtaken near Klamath lake, May 9, 1846, by a courier with despatches from Washington, directing him to watch over the interests of the United States in the territory, there being reason to fear interference from both Great Britain and Mexico. He promptly returned to California, where the settlers, learning that General Castro was already marching against the settlements, flocked to his camp, and in less than a month Northern California was freed from Mexican authority. He received a lieutenant-colonel's commission, May 27, and was elected governor of the territory by the settlers July 4. Learning on July 10 that Com. Sloat, commanding the American squadron on the Pacific coast, had seized Monterey, Fremont joined him and, when Com. Stockton arrived with authority to establish the power of the United States in California, Fremont was appointed by him military commandant and civil governor. Near the end of the year General Kearny arrived with a force of dragoons and said that he had orders also to establish a government. Friction between the two Page 92 rival officers immediately ensued, and Fremont prepared to obey Stockton and continued as governor in spite of Kearny's orders. For this he was tried by court-martial in Washington, and, after a trial which lasted more than a year, was convicted, January 31, 1847, of "mutiny," "disobedience to the lawful command of a superior officer," and "conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline," and was sentenced to dismissal from the service. President Polk approved of the conviction for disobedience and mutiny, but remitted the penalty and Fremont resigned. In October, 1848, Fremont started on an independent exploring expedition with a party of 33 men, and reached Sacramento in the spring of 1849 after more severe sufferings than those experienced on any of his earlier expeditions. He represented California in the United States senate from September, 1850, to March, 1851, and in 1853 made his fifth and last exploring expedition, crossing the Rocky Mountains by the route which he had attempted to follow in 1848. Fremont's known opposition to slavery won him the presidential nomination of the Republican party in 1856, but in the election he was defeated by Buchanan, who received 174 electoral votes to Fremont's 114. Soon after the beginning of the Civil war Fremont was appointed in the regular army and assigned to command the newly organized Western Department with headquarters at St. Louis. Soon after the battle of Wilson's creek, August 10, 1861, he proclaimed martial law, arrested active secessionists, suspended the publication of papers charged with disloyalty, and issued a proclamation assuming the government of the state and announcing that he would free the slaves of those in arms against the Union. This proclamation he refused to withdraw, and on September 11, the president annulled it as unauthorized and premature. Fremont was relieved of his command, November 2, 1861. many complaints having been made of his administration, but in March, 1862, he was placed in command of the Mountain Department of Virginia, Tennessee and Kentucky. Early in June he pursued the Confederate General Stonewall Jackson for 8 days, finally engaging him at Cross Keys, June 8, but permitted him to escape with his army. When the Army of Virginia was created, June 26, to include General Fremont's corps, with Pope in command, Fremont declined to serve on the ground that he outranked Pope, and for sufficient personal reasons. He then went to New York where he remained throughout the war, expecting a command, but none was given him. He was nominated for the presidency, May 31, 1864, by a small faction of the Republican party, but, finding but slender support, he withdrew his name in September. He subsequently became interested in the construction of railroads, and in 1873, was prosecuted by the French government for alleged participation in the swindles connected with the proposed transcontinental railway from Norfolk to San Francisco, and was sentenced, on default, to fine and imprisonment, no judgment being given on the merits of the case. General Fremont was governor of Arizona in 1878-81, and was appointed major-general on the retired list by act of Congress in 1900. He died in New York city, July 13, 1890.

French, William H., major-general, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, January 13, 1815. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1837, served in the Florida war and on the Canadian frontier as second lieutenant of artillery, and in the Mexican war, where he was aide-de-camp to General Franklin Pierce, and on the staff of General Patterson. He was engaged at the siege of Vera Cruz, the battles of Churubusco and Contreras, and the capture of the City of Mexico, Page 93 receiving the brevet of captain for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, and major for service at the capture of the Mexican capital. He served against the Seminole Indians in Florida, 1850-52, and on frontier and garrison duty, and in 1861 was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and assigned to McClellan's army operating against Richmond. He was engaged at Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Oakgrove. Gaines' mill, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale and Malvern hill. He commanded a division in Sumner's corps during the Maryland campaign at the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, and was soon afterward appointed major-general of volunteers. He was given command of the 9th army corps in July, 1863, commanded it in the operations at Mine run from November, 1863, to May, 1864, and was honorably mustered out of the volunteer service May 6, 1864. Having received the intervening brevets, he was brevetted brigadier-general and major-general U. S. A. for services in the war, March 13, 1865. General French subsequently served on the Pacific coast, 1865-72, and commanded Fort McHenry, Baltimore, until July 1, 1880, when he was retired at his own request. He died in Baltimore, Maryland, May 20, 1881.

Fry, James B., brigadier-general, was born in Carrollton, Greene county, Illinois, February 22, 1827, was graduated at West Point in 1847 and assigned to the 3d artillery. In the same year he joined the army of General Scott in the City of Mexico, and the next year, with a detachment of artillery, made the voyage around Cape Horn to take military possession of Oregon. He was subsequently on frontier and garrison duty, assistant to Major George H. Thomas at the military academy, and adjutant of the academy under Colonel R. E. Lee. Being promoted captain and made assistant adjutant-general, March 16, 1861, he was chief of staff to General Irwin McDowell in that year, serving in the first battle of Bull Run, was afterwards chief of staff to General Don Carlos Buell, 1861-62, and took part in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, the movement to Louisville, Kentucky, and the pursuit of General Bragg. He was made provost-marshal-general of the United States on March 17, 1863, given the full rank of brigadier-general April 21. 1864, and was successively brevetted lieutenant-colonel, colonel, brigadier-general and major-general in the regular army for "faithful, meritorious and distinguished services during the war." Before the abolition of the office of provost-marshal-general, August 30, 1866, General Fry put in the army 1,120,621 men, arrested 76,562 deserters, collected $26,366,316.78, and made an exact enrolment of the national forces. General Fry was subsequently successively adjutant-general of the Departments of the Pacific, the South, the Missouri and the Atlantic, and was placed on the retired list June 1, 1881. He died at Newport, Rhode Island, July 11, 1894.

Fry, Speed S., brigadier-general, was born in Mercer county, now Boyle county, Kentucky, September 9, 1817. He began his college education at Centre college, but finished at Wabash, where he was graduated in 1840, studied law, and in 1843 was admitted to the bar. He organized a company for the 2nd Kentucky volunteers in 1846, commanded it during the Mexican war, and on his return to Kentucky resumed his law practice and was, from 1857 to 1861, county judge of Boyle county. At the beginning of the Civil war he organized the 4th Kentucky infantry, became its colonel October 9, 1861, and served throughout the war, being mustered out of the service August 24, 1865. He was brigadier-general of volunteers from March 21, 1862. After the war, from 1869-72, General Fry was supervisor of internal revenue in Kentucky. He died in Louisville, Kentucky, August 1, 1892.

Fuller, John W., brigadier-general, was born in Cambridge, England, July 28, 1827, and came to New York with his father, a Baptist clergyman, in 1833. He became a bookseller, first in Utica, New York, and afterwards in Toledo, Ohio, and in May, 1861, was appointed assistant adjutant-general of Ohio. He was elected colonel of the 27th Ohio volunteer regiment upon its organization, and in February, 1862, joined the army of General John Pope in his operations on the Mississippi river, being present at the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10 in the spring of that year. He commanded a brigade at Iuka, September 19, 1862, and at Corinth in October checked the Confederate charge and broke their line, winning for himself and brigade the thanks of General Rosecrans. He defeated Forrest's cavalry in December, at Parker's cross-roads, commanded Memphis until October, 1863, when he accompanied General Sherman's army to Chattanooga, and in March, 1864, captured Decatur. As commander of a brigade in the Atlanta campaign he rendered brilliant service at the Chattahoochee river on July 21, while at Atlanta his division opened the battle and won the approbation of General McPherson. He fought Hood at Snake Creek gap and commanded the 1st division of the 17th corps in the march to the sea and through the Carolinas, being present at the surrender of General Johnston. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865, and resigned on August 15. General Fuller was appointed collector of the port of Toledo, Ohio, in 1874, by President Grant, and held the office by reappointment by President Hayes until 1881. He died in Toledo. Ohio, March 12, 1891.


Source: The Union Army, Vol. V. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.