Union Regiments by State
New York
Source: The Union Army, Vol. II. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.
Military Affairs in New York
1861—65
[This chapter has been critically examined and cordially approved by Captain Frederick Phisterer, the eminent military statistician, now connected with the New York adjutant-general's office.]
In the following pages it is proposed to set forth in brief compass the important part played by the great State of New York during the War of the Rebellion. Events occurring within the State, and reflecting its military activities, will be described in more or less detail, followed by a concise story of each military organization raised by the state. As the best authoritative work on New York in the War of the Rebellion is that of Captain Frederick Phisterer, a liberal use of that record has been made, as well as of all available state and national records of an official nature; also of the war histories of other states, and such standard works as "Fox's Regimental Losses," and Townsend's "Honors of the Empire State in the War of the Rebellion."
New York was in 1860, as now, the richest and most populous State in the Union. It was, therefore, only natural that the attitude of her people and the action of her authorities should be watched with grave concern by the whole nation. To her everlasting credit be it said, the great Empire State failed not of her full duty toward the government in the hour of its darkest peril, but repeatedly gave an inspiring example to the people of the other loyal states. Though the vote of the state had been generally Democratic in previous elections, in 1860 it gave Lincoln 353,804 votes, to 303,329 for Douglas. The total Republican vote for Lincoln and Hamlin was only 1,866,452 throughout the nation, while the total opposition vote was 2,823,741—a majority of almost 1,000,oo0 in a total vote of a trifle over 4,500,000. While Lincoln's plurality was small, it was nevertheless decisive, and the result was promptly seized upon by the Southern leaders to hasten forward a movement for secession, predetermined upon in the event of a Republican victory. The State of South Carolina led in the movement and was shortly followed by Mississippi, Florida Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. As these states withdrew from the Union they seized upon the Federal forts, arsenals, etc., within their limits.
Despite the threatening posture of affairs, the loyal people of New York were still strong in their belief that war could be averted, though many suspected political trickery in the conciliatory overtures of the Border States. The withdrawal of the southern men from Buchanan's cabinet made room for more loyal supporters of the government, but the president still adhered to his belief that the United States was without constitutional warrant to coerce a recalcitrant State, and was so advised by his attorney-general.
New York had chosen a legislature which was overwhelmingly Republican in its membership, but which nevertheless displayed a remarkable unanimity in its counsels and action as threatening events rapidly multiplied. The legislature convened on January 1, 1861, and in his message Governor Morgan counseled moderation and conciliation. He said: "Let New York set an example in this respect; let her oppose no barrier, but let her representatives in Congress give ready support to any just and honorable settlement; let her stand in hostility to none, but extend the hand of friendship to all; live up to the strict letter of the constitution, cordially unite with the other members of the Confederacy in proclaiming and enforcing a determination, that the constitution shall be honored and the Union of the states be preserved." He further proposed the repeal of the personal liberty bill—one source of bitter complaint in the South, and also suggested the propriety of similar action by other states. A resolution was promptly introduced in the senate by a leading Democratic member proclaiming the sacred nature of the Union, and asking the executive to tender the president, in behalf of the people, the services of the state militia as an aid in upholding the constitution and enforcing the laws. On January 3, Mr. Robinson in the assembly introduced a series of resolutions to the effect that, after the admission of Kansas, all the remaining territories should be divided into two states, and that the disturbing question of slavery should be eliminated for the future by submitting it to a plebiscite of the people of the new states. These failed of passage, but received considerable support. As the gloomy winter of 1860-61 progressed, the aspect of affairs became darker and more and more threatening. Still the people of the North did not lose all hope of a peaceable solution and in both state and nation compromise measures without number were brought forward in the effort to heal the widening breach. The New York legislature reflected the general sentiment of the state in its attitude of conciliation, but was by no means neglectful of eventualities and united in passing many important measures to meet the existing situation. As was generally true in the North, the military spirit of the state was almost dead and general apathy, if not actual hostility, toward things military prevailed. Adequate appropriation bills for the support of the militia had failed of passage for many years past, and the condition of military unpreparedness was almost complete. Measures to correct this situation were taken near the end of the session of the legislature, while in the meantime bills were introduced and passed, providing for the more complete enrollment of the militia of the state and to prevent the sale of war materials or the loan of money to states in rebellion. When, on January 9 the batteries in Charleston harbor fired on the merchant vessel, the "Star of the West," flying the Stars and Stripes and engaged in carrying supplies and reinforcements to Major Anderson at Fort Sumter, the North was aroused, and the legislature passed the following resolution with only three dissenting votes: "Whereas the insurgent State of South Carolina, after seizing the post-offices, customhouse, moneys, and fortifications of the Federal government, has, by firing into a vessel ordered by the government to convey troops and provisions to Fort Sumter, virtually declared war; and, whereas, the forts and property of the United States government in Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana have been unlawfully seized, with hostile intentions; and whereas, their senators in congress avow and maintain their treasonable acts; therefore—Resolved, That the legislature of New York is profoundly impressed with the value of the Union, and determined to preserve it unimpaired; that it greets with joy the recent firm, dignified, and patriotic special message of the president of the United States, and that we tender him, through the chief magistrate of our own state whatever aid in men and money may be required to enable him to enforce the laws and uphold the authority of the Federal government; and that, in the defense of the Union, which has conferred happiness and prosperity upon the American people, renewing the pledge given and redeemed by our fathers, we are ready to devote our fortunes, our lives, and our sacred honor." Thereupon the governor at once sent the following despatch to President Buchanan: "In obedience to the request of the legislature of the state, I transmit herewith a copy of the concurrent resolutions of that body adopted this day, tendering the aid of the state to the president of the United States, to enable him to enforce the laws, and to uphold the authority of the Federal government." The resolutions were also communicated to the governors of the several states and to the New York senators in Congress. The vigorous sentiments expressed in the resolutions met with a hostile reception in the South. In Virginia they were construed as a definite determination by New York to sustain the United States in an attempt to coerce a state; in Georgia, a defiant resolution was passed approving all that state had done, and recommending the governor to retain possession of Fort Pulaski until the relations between Georgia and the United States should be settled; other governors returned the resolutions without comment. While these resolutions of New York expressed the overwhelming sentiment of the people of the state and were a credit to its patriotism, yet the lamentable weakness of the state's military organization at the time of this tender of troops is now a matter of record. New York had nominally a force of 19,000 militia, but it possessed only about 8,000 muskets and rifles with which to arm this force, and the war department was in no condition to supply the deficiency, as Sec. Floyd had, with sinister motive, sent many thousands of muskets from the Watervliet arsenal to Southern points. Moreover, the state was nearly as destitute of cannon as of small arms, as it could command only 150 smooth-bore field pieces of every caliber. To remedy this condition of affairs the legislature, in response to the governor's request as embodied in his annual message, passed a bill during the closing days of the session appropriating $500,000 for the purchase of arms and equipments. The hostile reception accorded the foregoing resolutions of the legislature of New York by many of the Southern States caused a strong reaction in favor of measures of conciliation. The public mind was genuinely alarmed and a compromise memorial, bearing the signatures of many leading capitalists, was forwarded to Washington. The memorial suggested "an agreed explanation of any uncertain provisions of the constitution; a clearer definition of the powers of the government on disputed questions and an adaptation of it in its original spirit to the enlarged dimensions of the country; an assurance, coupled with any required guarantees, of the rights of the states to regulate, without interference from any quarter, the matter of slavery within their borders; of the rights secured by the constitution to the delivery of fugitives and the readjustment of the laws bearing on these subjects, which are in possible conflict with it; some adjustment of the rights of all the states of the Union in the new territory acquired by the blood and treasure of all, by an equitable division, in the immediate organization of it into States, with a suitable provision for the formation of new states in their limits." The memorialists prayed that these measures be brought about, either by direct legislation, or by constitutional amendment. Nor was this all; many and earnest efforts were made to bring about an effective and lasting compromise of the questions in dispute at the seat of government. A comprehensive plan of compromise had been put forward by the Border States, through their senators and representatives in Congress, and a large meeting of merchants at the New York Chamber of Commerce almost unanimously adopted a memorial in favor of mutual concession and compromise, stating that the people of the North would approve of the general outline of compromise agreed upon by the Border States as above. This memorial was signed by 40,000 people, after a thorough canvass of the state, and was carried to Washington by a respectable delegation. It was there placed in the hands of Mr. Seward, the Republican leader in Congress, who was urged to use his great influence to promote legislation by Congress which would satisfy every just demand of the South. To promote conciliation Mr. Seward conceded some of the chief points of Republican policy with reference to slavery in the territories, but all without avail. Late in January, when the withdrawal of the southern members had given the Republicans a majority in the senate, Kansas was admitted as a state under her latest free constitution, while the Territories of Nevada, Colorado and Dakota were organized without any reference to slavery. On February 4, a Peace Congress, made up of delegates from all but the seceding states, met in Washington to propose measures of accommodation. The Congress assembled in response to resolutions passed by the general assembly of Virginia, inviting all states willing to "unite with her in the earnest effort to adjust the unhappy controversies, in the spirit in which the constitution was originally formed and consistently with its principles, so as to afford adequate guarantees to the slave states for the security of their rights." These resolutions were transmitted by Governor Morgan to the legislature and that body hastened to appoint the following commissioners to represent New York: David Dudley Field, William Curtis Noyes, James S. Wadsworth, James C. Smith, Amaziah B. James, Erastus Corning, Addison Gardiner, Greene C. Bronson, William E. Dodge, John E. Wool, John A. King. Francis Granger was later chosen in place of Mr. Gardiner, who declined to serve. The commissioners sat until March 7 and drafted a plan of compromise, which was submitted to Congress to be embodied in formal legislation, but was there rejected after strenuous debate. The 36th Congress adjourned on March 4, having enacted but one measure bearing directly on the burning issue of the hour. This was a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the constitution of the United States as follows: "No amendment shall be made to the constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish, or interfere, within any state, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said state." This amendment failed of adoption by the states, and it is now patent to all that the protracted sessions of the Peace Congress were necessarily barren of results.
When a meeting was called at Syracuse for January 30, to denounce the institution of slavery, it was transformed into a Union meeting for the support of the constitution and government, and the view was freely expressed that by peace only could the Union be preserved. The Abolitionists were driven from the hall and men of that party were generally discountenanced, lest they be taken as representative of Northern sentiment. The disposition in New York, and in fact in the whole North, was to do nothing to further irritate the South.
The people of the North had been much aroused over the continual shipment of war material to the Southern States and an acrimonious correspondence over a question of this kind took place in February between the governors of New York and Georgia. The police of New York city were alert and had seized 38 boxes of muskets about to be shipped on the steamer Monticello to Savannah, and deposited them in the state arsenal in New York city. Governor Brown of Georgia, on complaint being made to him by the consignees, citizens of Macon, Georgia, made formal demand on the mayor of the city, and on Governor Morgan, for the immediate delivery of the arms to G. B. Lamar, named as the agent of Georgia. There was some delay in adjusting the matter, and Governor Brown, on February 5, ordered the seizure of five vessels, owned in New York but then in the harbor of Savannah, by way of reprisal. Three days later they were released, but reprisals were again ordered on the 21st, when other shipping from New York was seized at Savannah, to be held pending the delivery of the invoice. Governor Brown made renewed demands on Governor Morgan for the arms and the New York executive replied: "I have no power whatever over the officer who made the seizure, and had no more knowledge of the fact, nor have I any more connection with the transaction, than any other citizen of this state; but I do not hesitate to say that the arms will be delivered whenever application shall be made for them. Should such not be the case, however, redress is to be sought, not in an appeal to the executive authority of New York to exercise a merely arbitrary power, but in due form of law, through the regularly constituted tribunals of justice of the state or of the United States, as the parties aggrieved may elect. It is but proper here to say, that the courts are at all times open to suitors, and no complaint has reached me of the inability or unwillingness of judicial officers to render exact justice to all. If, however, the fact be otherwise, whatever authority the constitution and laws vest in me, for compelling a performance of their duty, will be promptly exercised. In conclusion permit me to say that, while differing widely with your excellency as to the right or policy of your acts and of the views expressed in your several communications, I have the honor to be * * * etc." The matter was finally adjusted by the delivery of the arms on March 16 to the agent of Georgia.
Throughout the period of the war, New York was represented by many able men in the 37th and 38th Congresses. A number of the members of the lower house served in-the volunteer organizations of the state and many were active in the work of recruiting volunteers. In the senate Ira Harris succeeded Seward when the latter entered the cabinet; his colleague until March, 1863, was the Hon. Preston King, who had taken a leading part in the great constitutional debates in the months preceding the war. The latter was succeeded by Ex-Governor Edwin D. Morgan, who had so ably served the state and nation during the first two years of the rebellion as the war governor of New York.
Despite the grave aspect of affairs, the act which precipitated actual war came with unexpected suddenness. The new administration at Washington had been in power for five weeks and had made no movement to coerce any one of the recalcitrant states. Early in April an expedition was fitted out in New York to succor Fort Sumter, whose supplies were nearly exhausted. The response to that expedition was the thunder of those guns from Charleston harbor, in the early dawn of April 12, 1861, which roused the whole North, and precipitated the bloodiest war of history. Major Anderson and his brave little garrison maintained the unequal contest for nearly 36 hours, when they surrendered and the Palmetto flag of South Carolina displaced the Stars and Stripes on the battered walls of the fortress. The news of the surrender reached New York on Sunday morning, the 14th, and aroused the most intense feeling everywhere. The authorities of the state at once instituted vigorous measures to meet the emergency. The legislature promptly passed a bill providing for the enrollment of 30,000 volunteer militia for two years and appropriated $3,000,000 to meet the expense. The work of raising and organizing these troops was entrusted to a military board consisting of the governor, lieutenant-governor, secretary of state, comptroller, attorney-general, state engineer and surveyor, and state treasurer. On the 15th came President Lincoln's proclamation calling for 75,000 militia to serve for three months. The quota assigned to New York was seventeen regiments of 780 men each, or 13,280 men. The National Guard of the state responded to the call to arms with the utmost enthusiasm and were only animated by a rivalry as to which organization could first secure marching orders. And indeed there was urgent need of haste. Governor Morgan had been advised by the war department that the men were wanted for immediate service and that some of the troops were at once needed at the capital. In the hope of capturing Washington, the enemy had severed all communication by telegraph and railroad between that city and the North, and were even attempting to prevent all supplies from reaching that city from the surrounding country. On the 16th Governor Morgan issued orders for all the available organized militia to march. As no communication with the capital was possible, practically every arrangement for transporting and supplying the troops was left to the state authorities. The military departments of the state went to work with a will and the legislature remained in session to meet the emergency. In addition to the work of organizing the seventeen regiments, all the organized militia must be prepared to take the field. Recruiting depots were established at New York, Albany and Elmira, with branch depots at Syracuse and Troy. The patriotism of the people throughout the state knew no bounds; political differences were forgotten; the national emblem was everywhere to be seen; the press voiced the loyalty of the people, and an industrious and peaceful commonwealth was suddenly transformed into a vast military camp. The state authorities were overwhelmed with applications for permission to raise troops. April 18 Governor Morgan called for volunteers for the seventeen regiments under the president's call, and a week later called for volunteers for twenty-one additional regiments, all to be organized for two years' service, thus completing the total force provided for by the recent act of the legislature.
The merchants of New York city were especially prompt in rallying to the support of the government. At a large meeting held on the 19th, they enthusiastically voted to sustain the authorities, and raised over $20,000 within ten minutes to assist in moving to Washington some of the regiments then organizing. The following day the largest meeting ever held on this continent assembled at Union Square, and over 200,000 citizens, without distinction of party or nationality, pledged themselves to support their common government with their fortunes and their lives. The sentiments of the nation's great metropolis here were voiced in no uncertain tones and were echoed in numerous other meetings elsewhere. The surging masses of people were addressed by J. A. Dix, Buchanan's secretary of the treasury, D. S. Dickinson, Senator Baker of Oregon, Robert J. Walker, Mayor Wood, Ex-Governor Hunt, James T. Brady, John Cochrane, Hiram Ketchum, D. S. Coddington, and a number of prominent German and Irish citizens and the Union Defense Committee was formed, composed of the leading men of the city. In every city, town and village of the state similar meetings voiced the prevailing patriotism, and devised ways and means of raising troops to meet the country's call.
The news that the state's most famous militia regiment, the 7th, would leave for Washington on the 19th, created great excitement. The regiment was to form in Lafayette Place and from early morning the streets were filled with an expectant throng, while from every vantage point floated the national emblem. Before the arrival of the regiment, the waiting people were enlivened by the march through their midst of the 8th Mass., accompanied by General B. F. Butler, who had been placed in command of the first four regiments of Massachusetts troops. Soon after the 7th regiment had formed in Lafayette Place in the afternoon, the great crowds were wrought up to a high pitch of excitement by the news of the attack upon the 6th Mass. in the streets of Baltimore. To each man of the 7th was served out 48 rounds of ball cartridge, but when the regiment, commanded by Colonel M. Lefferts, reached Philadelphia it received orders to deviate from the route through Baltimore, as it was highly important that the troops should reach the capital with the least possible delay. Consequently, a steamer was chartered at Philadelphia for Annapolis, and the regiment arrived at Washington on the 26th in company with the 8th Mass., after a toilsome march from Annapolis. The 7th was but the vanguard of other New York militia regiments soon to follow. The prompt arrival of these troops, together with the money and provisions supplied by New York, was of the first importance in relieving the situation at Washington and brought forth the statement from President Lincoln and General Scott to the New York Union Defense Committee, that "The safety of the national capital and the preservation of the archives of the government, at a moment when both were seriously menaced, may fairly be attributed to the prompt and efficient action of the state and city of New York." Other regiments of the organized militia were rapidly prepared to leave for Washington. The 6th, 12th and 71st departed on the 21 st; the 25th left on the 22nd; on the next day the 13th departed from Brooklyn, and the 8th and 69th from New York city; the 5th left on the 27th; the 20th on the 28th; the Ellsworth Fire Zouaves, one of the first two years' regiments organized, later known as the nth, left on the 29th; the 28th on the 30th, and still other militia regiments were about to go forward when the state authorities received information from the war department that no more three months' regiments would be accepted. Thereupon four companies of the 74th, of Buffalo, promptly volunteered for three years and became the nucleus of the 21st infantry, then organizing at Elmira.
As has been previously stated, the state was almost entirely dependent on its own resources for the means of raising, equipping and moving its troops and all classes of people and all nationalities vied with one another in the work. On April 23, the Union Defense Committee opened its offices at 30 Pine street with General John A. Dix, president; Simeon Draper, vice-president; and J. Depau, treasurer, most of the other committees being merged into it. The readiness with which vast sums of money were subscribed by all classes is a striking evidence of the prevailing patriotism. At a large meeting of the Bench and Bar of New York city on the 22nd, many thousands of dollars were subscribed; on the same day the common council appropriated $1,000,000 and placed it at the disposal of the Union Defense Committee. Distinctive regiments of British, German, Irish, Scotch and French were being organized by those nationalities and large sums were subscribed for their equipment and transportation, and for the support of their families at home. While money and men were thus forthcoming there was a serious dearth of firearms. On April 24, an agent of the state left for Europe armed with a letter of credit for $500,000 with which to purchase 25,000 stands of the latest improved arms and a supply of ammunition. On his arrival in England he found that the British markets were •crowded with other orders from this country and from Spain. He was able, however, to purchase 19,000 Enfield rifles at a cost of $335,000, which were duly landed in New York. Under the call of May 3, 1861, for 42,000 men for three years, committees and individuals were authorized by the war department to recruit regiments while the state was engaged in raising the thirty-eight two years' regiments. Under this authority, chiefly through the efforts of the Union Defense Committee, there were organized the Garibaldi guard, the Mozart regiment, the De Kalb regiment, the Tammany Jackson guard, the 2nd, 9th, 14th and 79th regiments of militia. Ultimately the thirty-eight regiments of state volunteers were also mustered into the U. S. service for two years and during July, at the request of the government for some cavalry, the state furnished two companies from the 1st and 3d regiments of cavalry (militia), who served for three months. By the middle of July there had been organized and left the state 8,534 men for three months' service; 30,131 two years' volunteers and 7,557 three years' volunteers— a total of 46,224 officers and men. Many more men could easily -have been supplied, as thousands were still eager to enlist, but the Federal government refused to accept any more men and all recruiting was temporarily suspended.
The disastrous battle of Bull Run demonstrated that the war was to be a long one, and in July Congress authorized the president to accept the services of volunteers for three years in such numbers, not to exceed 1,000,000, as he might deem necessary. The legislature was not in session and Governor Morgan, on his own authority, at the request of the president, called for 25,000 volunteers to be organized into twenty-five regiments of infantry; also for two additional regiments of cavalry, and two of artillery. The first offer of colored troops was also made at this time, three regiments being tendered, but as authority to enroll negroes was then lacking, the governor was forced to decline the tender. The recruiting depots at New York city, Elmira and Albany were again opened, numerous branch depots were established, and once more the military department of the state was deluged with offers to recruit companies, so that the work of raising the new levy proceeded with despatch. Hitherto the state had borne most of the expense, but now the Federal government was to supply the money necessary to raise and equip the new troops, the officers detailed from the regular army to muster in the men, being made disbursing officers. During the month of August the three months' troops returned to the state and were received with every mark of enthusiasm. While these men served only a short term, it should be remembered that they performed the arduous pioneer work and that they enlisted from motives of the purest patriotism at the first call of their country, without thought of personal benefit or pecuniary reward. Moreover, they served as a splendid training school for many future officers and soldiers and a large proportion of them reenlisted for a longer term of service in other organizations. When Colonel Lefferts of the 7th begged that his regiment might be allowed to continue in the service after the expiration of its term, General Scott said, "Colonel, yours in a regiment of officers." From the ranks of this regiment were subsequently taken 603 officers for the volunteer army. It was the "West Point of the New York volunteer service." In addition to the work of recruiting new regiments, the war department in August authorized recruiting details for regiments in the field, and it is estimated that about 11,000 men were secured for this purpose by the end of the year. To prevent delays and interference Governor Morgan was appointed a major-general of U. S. volunteers in charge of the military department of New York. All persons who had received authority to recruit and organize were ordered to report to him for orders and to complete their several organizations subject to his approval. Late in the fall orders were received from Washington to cease all further recruiting. By the end of the year there had been organized and sent to the front, in addition to the troops previously mentioned, forty-two regiments of infantry, ten regiments of cavalry, one battalion of mounted rifles, nine batteries of artillery, and four companies of Berdan sharpshooters, and in addition, regiments left in the state, complete and incomplete, numbered 14,283 men—a total of 75,339 men. Since the beginning of the war the state had furnished upwards of 107,000 volunteers, this levy constituting about every sixth able-bodied man. Besides this great drain on the able-bodied male population, New York capital had practically financed the war to date by advancing $210,000,000 out of the $260,000,000 borrowed by the secretary of the treasury.
The State of New York continued its tremendous exertions in support of the Federal government and continued to supply both men and money with a lavish hand. The record of troops furnished for the year 1862 or up to the close of Governor Morgan's administration, is as follows: twelve regiments of infantry (militia), for three months, 8,588 men; one regiment of volunteer infantry, for nine months, 830 men; volunteers for three years, one regiment of cavalry, 1,461 men; two regiments, four battalions, and fourteen batteries of artillery, 5,708 men, and eighty-five regiments of infantry, 78,216 men; estimated number of recruits for regiments in the field, 20,000; incomplete organizations still in the state, 2,000 men; total for 1862, 116,803; total since the beginning of the war, 224,081. To obtain the full number of men furnished by the state, there should be added to the above, 5,679 men enlisted in the regular army, and 24,734 in the U. S. navy and marine, making the total number furnished, 254494.
Among the important measures passed by the legislature which met early in January, 1862, were bills authorizing counties, cities, towns and villages to make appropriations for the purposes of raising troops and the relief of their families; legalizing their previous ordinances and acts for such purposes; providing for the pay of volunteers still in the state and for the payment to the families of soldiers of such sums as might be assigned from their pay; providing for the payment of the direct tax levied by the general government; for expenses incurred in raising troops, and reimbursing the militia regiments for losses sustained while in the service of the United States; a general law for the more complete enrollment of the militia, and for the organization of the National Guard, as the militia was now designated; thanking the volunteers for recent victories achieved by the Union forces; and finally, incorporating the Union home and school, under the management of the patriotic women of the state, where the children of volunteers could be cared for and educated.
On January 1, 1862, the Federal authorities placed the recruiting service in the state, for regiments in the field, in charge of a general superintendent and assumed charge of the general depots at Elmira and Albany, Major John T. Sprague, of the regular army, being detailed for this purpose. The recruiting service for old organizations was discontinued on April 3, and was not again resumed until June 6, though the state authorities continued the work. On January 25, Colonel George Bliss displaced General Yates in charge of the recruiting depot at New York city. The authorities were busied until the end of April in completing the organizations of troops left in the state at the end of 1861 and then turned over to the general government a total of 19,oo3 men. They were further occupied during this period in putting the defenses of New York harbor in a better condition, as this matter had been a source of worry for many months past. Provision was also made to care for the increasing number of sick and wounded soldiers from the front; ample hospital accommodations were provided in and around New York city and at Albany; competent surgeons were also sent to the front to assist in the work of transporting to the state the sick and wounded. On May 21 the general government asked for more three years' volunteers and the recruiting depots at New York city, Elmira and Albany were again opened. A few days later, after the serious reverse of General Banks at Winchester at the hands of Gens. Ewell, Johnson and Stonewall Jackson, when it was feared that an invasion of Pennsylvania and the North was contemplated by the enemy, and when the national capital was again endangered, Governor Morgan was asked to immediately forward regiments of the National Guard. The response was prompt and patriotic and by June 4 twelve regiments, numbering 8,558 men had left for the point of danger, entering the U. S. service for three months. The advance of the Confederate column having been checked by Gens. McDowell and Fremont and the danger averted, no more regiments were despatched, though others were preparing to follow when their marching orders were revoked. The secretary of war expressed his lively appreciation of the alacrity with which the state responded to the call for its citizen soldiery during the crisis. Toward the end of June, Governor Morgan joined with the governors of the other loyal states in an address to the president, urging him to call upon the states for such additional troops, as were in his judgment necessary to sustain the government and to speedily crush the existing rebellion. The response of the president was his call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 more volunteers to serve three years, the quota of New York being fixed at 59,705 men. In his proclamation calling upon the people to give a loyal response to this call, the governor voiced his belief that the "insurrection is in its death throes; that a mighty blow will end its monstrous existence." He went on to say: "A languishing war entails vast losses of life, of property, the ruin of business pursuits, and invites the interference of foreign powers. Present happiness and future greatness will be secured by responding to the present call. Let the answer go back to the president and to our brave soldiers in the field, that in New York the patriotic list of the country's defenders is augmented. It will strengthen the hands of the one, and give hope and encouragement to the other." Regimental camps were promptly formed and about 3,000 authorizations to recruit companies were given. To further stimulate enlistments, the governor on his own responsibility offered a bounty of $50 to each private soldier who volunteered, in addition to the bounty paid by the United States. This bounty was discontinued at the end of September, and by October 2 the governor was able to announce that the quota had not only been filled, but that there was a surplus of 29,000 men to the credit of the state.
On the return of the militia regiments called out in May, Governor Morgan warmly thanked them for their services. On September 24, at a meeting of the loyal governors at Altoona, Pennsylvania, attended by Governor Morgan, the government was pledged the continued loyal support of the state; it was recommended that a reserve army of 100,000 men be created, and that the slaves be emancipated.
Under the call of August 4, 1862, for 300,000 militia for nine months' service, the state's quota was again 59,705 men. The organized militia of the state was limited to 20,000 men, of whom some 8,000 were already in the field. Hence it was deemed necessary to resort to a draft of the reserve militia. Delays ensued, and finally the draft was altogether suspended. The result was really beneficial, inasmuch as the number of three years' volunteers was thereby increased, the surplus of three years' men, each of whom counted for four nine months' men in satisfying the quota, giving the state an actual surplus to its credit, and the country acquired a soldier of more value. One regiment of the National Guard, the 10th, volunteered for nine months and was accepted, going into service as the 177th regiment of volunteer infantry.
In Dec, 1862, the governor established a bureau of military statistics in the office of the adjutant-general. It received an appropriation from the legislature in 1863 and the following year was made an independent bureau. Its objects were declared to be: "To collect and preserve in permanent form an authentic sketch of every person from this state who has entered the service of the general government since April 15, 1861; a record of the services of the several regiments, including an account of their organization and subsequent history; an account of the aid afforded by the several towns, cities and counties of the state." In 1865, its name was changed to that of "Bureau of Military Record." Hundreds of battleflags and many interesting war relics have been deposited with the bureau, which was discontinued as an independent office, and reincorporated with the adjutant-general's office in 1868.
During the fall of 1862, the state elections resulted in the choice of Horatio Seymour, the Democratic candidate, as governor, over his Republican opponent, General James S. Wadsworth, by a small majority. The legislature elected at the same time contained 23 Republicans and 9 Democrats in the senate, and 64 Republicans and 64 Democrats in the assembly. The change in administration brought about no diminution in the state's support of the general government. Governor Seymour was inaugurated January 1, 1863, and after complimenting his predecessor, Governor Morgan said: "In your presence I have solemnly sworn to support the constitution of the United States, with all its grants, restrictions, and guarantees, and I shall support it. I have also sworn to support another constitution—the constitution of the State of New York—with all its powers and rights. I shall uphold it. * * * These constitutions do not conflict; the line of separation between the responsibilities and obligations which each imposes is well defined. They do not embarrass us in the performance of our duties as citizens or officials." He further expressed the hope that, before the end of two years, the nation would be again united and at peace. The new legislature met on January 6, and in his message to that body the governor said: "While our soldiers are imperiling their lives to uphold the constitution and restore the Union, we owe it to them, who have shown an endurance and patriotism unsurpassed in the history of the world, that we emulate their devotion in our field of duty." Among the important measures passed by the legislature at this session were acts legalizing the ordinances and acts of cities, towns, villages and counties in aid of recruiting and to assist the families of volunteers; giving them authority to pass similar measures in the future; confirming the action of Governor Morgan in offering a bounty in July, 1862, and making the necessary appropriation to carry out his contract; providing a bounty of $150 for each member of the two years' regiments, who reenlisted for another two years or more, and a bounty of $75 for each volunteer who had enlisted since November 1, 1862, or would hereafter enlist, for three years; incorporating the "Soldiers' Home;" giving the governor authority to appoint agents charged with the duty of transporting and caring for the sick, wounded, and dead soldiers of the state, and appropriating $200,000 for the purpose. The Soldiers' Home was designed "to provide a home and maintenance for officers and soldiers who have served, are now serving, or may hereafter serve, in the volunteer forces raised or furnished by, or from, the State of New York, who by reason of wounds or other disabilities received, or produced, in the service of the United States, or of the State of New York, shall be unable to support themselves, and all who, having been honorably dis~ charged, shall be decrepit or homeless in their old age." Its model was the Home of the regular army at Washington, and the present Soldiers' Home is the outgrowth. Under the last named act the governor appointed agents, who not only furnished much needed relief to the sick, wounded, furloughed and discharged soldiers of the state, and aided their return to the state, but aided the friends and relatives of dead soldiers in securing their bodies and served as an exceedingly useful bureau of information to all who sought information concerning the men in the service. It also assisted discharged soldiers in obtaining their arrearages of pay and bounty. A principal agency, known as the Soldiers' Depot, was established in New York city, where suitable quarters were provided, both for New York volunteers and for those of other states passing through the city. Over 110,000 volunteers received aid and comfort at this main agency, which did not close its doors until March 25, 1866. On April 27, an appropriation of $1,000,000 was made to put the harbor of New York and the state's frontiers in a better condition of defense.
The first important draft of the war took place during July and August, 1863, when the state was virtually stripped of its militia, and proved to be one of the most exciting questions which the new administration of Governor Seymour was called upon to meet. Under the act of Congress, approved March 3, 1863, prescribing a method of drafting men for the military service, whenever needed, all enlistments under the draft and also for volunteers after May 1, were placed in the hands of a provost marshal-general, assisted by an acting assistant provost-marshal general, in each of the three districts, northern, southern, and western, into which the state was divided. The draft was commenced in New York city on July ii, and was accompanied by a riot of very serious proportions on the 13th. To quell the riot, in which all the rowdy, turbulent elements of the city took part, all the available state troops were ordered to New York city. These, assisted by all the troops in the city and harbor and a few outside organizations, together with the city police force, succeeded in dispersing the angry mobs and quiet was finally restored on the 17th. No serious disturbances occurred elsewhere, though violence was only prevented in one or two places by the presence of troops. In New York and Brooklyn the draft was suspended and finally took place in August without any further trouble, though in the meantime it went forward in other parts of the state. Among the specific objections to the application of the draft in New York city and Brooklyn, urged by Governor Seymour in his correspondence with President Lincoln on the subject, he contended that these two large cities did not get due credit for past enlistments and that the enrollments were excessive as compared with other parts of the state; that the draft, as proposed, would throw upon the eastern part of the state, comprising less than one-third of the Congressional districts, more than one-half the burdens of the conscription and presented figures to sustain these objections. The result of the draft in the state was as follows: number of conscripts examined, 79,975; exempted for physical disability and other causes, 54,765; paid commutation, 15,912; procured substitutes, 6,998; conscripts held to service, 2,300.
During the spring and early summer of 1863, the two years' regiments returned to the state and were mustered out. They had seen much hard service and of the 30,000 men who had left the state, less than half that number returned, over 4,000 officers and men having died in service. During the emergency created by Lee's invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania in June, a large proportion of the National Guard of the state was again hurriedly summoned into the field and were mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days, twenty-six regiments responding to the call. Numerous detachments of volunteers in various parts of the state were also organized, equipped and moved to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The National Guard was warmly thanked by the president and war department for its prompt response during the crisis. In November, the 74th regiment of the National Guard, from Buffalo, was mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days and placed under the orders of General Dix, commanding the Department of the East, to protect the northern frontier of the state from a threatened invasion by a traitorous force from Canada.
October 17, 1863, the president called for 300,000 more volunteers for three years, the quota assigned to New York being 81,993 men. All recruiting work for the organizations in the field was in the hands of the general government, acting through the provost-marshals; the state could only recruit for new organizations which were sanctioned by the war department, but it received authority to reorganize the two years' regiments on their return, or to enlist the men in new organizations. A very large proportion of the two years' men reentered the service and their patriotic action served to stimulate other enlistments. To further encourage enlistments the state bounty provided by the legislature in the spring was paid to all who enlisted for three years and were credited to the state. From January 1, 1863, to January 5, 1864, the following volunteers were furnished by the state: volunteers raised by state authorities, 25,324; recruits sent to regiments in the field, 1,653; enlisted by provost-marshals, 11,060; reenlistments in the field (estimated), 10,000; substitutes, 6,619; enlisted by provost-marshals since December 21, 1863, 1,500—total, 56,156. The organizations formed by the state authorities and turned over to the United States were as follows: cavalry—the 12th, 14th, 16th, 20th, 1st and 2nd veteran regiments of nine companies each, the 13th and 15th, ten companies each; 18th and 21 st, six companies of the 24th, two companies of the 23d, and three companies of the 2nd mounted rifles; artillery—four batteries of the nth regiment; five batteries each of the 13th and 16th; ten batteries of the 14th; eleven batteries of the 15th; one battery of the 3d, and the 33d independent battery; sharpshooters—the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th companies; engineers—one company of the 15th regiment; infantry—the 17th veteran, the 168th and 178th regiments; four companies of the 5th veteran; three companies of the 63d regiment, and two companies of the independent battalion. The following nine months' organizations were mustered out during the year: The 168th on October 31; the 177th on September 10; and the 9th company of sharpshooters on August 5.
At the annual elections held in November, 1863, for the choice of a secretary of state, comptroller, treasurer, attorney-general, state engineer, surveyor, judge of the court of appeals, and a legislature, the Union, or administration party was successful, and the 87th legislature then chosen contained an administration majority of 46 on joint ballot. During the year the arrest of Clement L. Vallindigham of Ohio had raised a storm of disapproval. Responding to an invitation to attend a public meeting in Albany to consider this matter, Governor Seymour said in part: "It is an act which has brought dishonor upon our country; it is full of danger to our persons and to our homes; it bears upon its front a conscious violation of law and justice. Acting upon the evidence of detailed informers, shrinking from the light of day in the darkness of night, armed men violated the home of an American citizen and furtively bore him away to a military trial, conducted without those safeguards known to the proceedings of our military tribunals. * * * The action of the administration will determine in the minds of more than one-half of the people of the loyal states, whether this war is waged to put down rebellion at the South, or to destroy free institutions at the North. We look for its decision with the most solemn solicitude."
Among the acts passed by the legislature when it assembled in 1864 were bills to promote reenlistments and to encourage recruiting for organizations in the field; further authorizing counties and municipalities to levy taxes for certain purposes such as the payment of bounties, expenses incurred in securing enlistments, and in aid of the families of volunteers; appropriating money to provide suitable burial and monuments for those who fell on the bloody fields of Antietam and Gettysburg; concurring in the amendment to the state constitution passed by the legislature of 1863, which permitted electors absent from the state in the service of the United States to vote. This amendment was submitted to the people of the state and adopted at a special election in March, 1864. A law was thereupon drafted in conformity to the constitutional provision, which enabled "the qualified electors of the state, absent therefrom in the military service of the United States, in the army or navy thereof, to vote." It was passed by the legislature and approved by Governor Seymour on April 21.
Portions of the National Guard were called out on several occasions during 1864 at the request of the war department. In April one or two regiments were asked for to guard deserters and stragglers being forwarded to the front; also one or two regiments to serve in the defenses of New York harbor, to take the place of troops urgently needed at the front. In July, when the enemy invaded Maryland and threatened the capital, New York was asked for 12,000 men to serve for not less than 100 days. Under these special calls, the state furnished from the National Guard a total of 5,640 men for three months and 100 days, and 791 men for 30 days. The following organizations were mustered into the U. S. service: for 100 days—the 28th, 54th, 56th, 58th, 69th, 77th, 84th, 93d, 98th, 99th and 102nd regiments of infantry, the 1st battalion of artillery, and Cos. A and B of the 50th regiment; for 30 days—the 37th and 15th regiments of infantry. Under the threat of possible trouble along the northern frontier of the state in the fall, the National Guard was held in readiness for instant service and the 65th and 74th were placed on active duty for a few weeks, the general government then assuming charge. The people of the state were given the opportunity to greet many of their soldiers during the year, the terms of service of numerous volunteer organizations having expired and thousands of veterans returning to the state on veteran furlough. The veteran organizations invariably returned to active service with augmented ranks. Everywhere the home-coming soldiers were accorded enthusiastic receptions by an appreciative and grateful people.
In preparation for the presidential election to be held in November, extraordinary precautions were taken by the Federal military authorities to prevent disorders and the colonization of voters. Major-General Dix, commanding the Department of the East, issued special instructions to the provost-marshals and their deputies in his department, to detect persons who had been in the service of the authorities of the insurgent states, who had deserted from the service of the United States, or who had fled to escape the draft, and who might come into the state for the purpose of voting. In general orders, No. 80, issued October 28, General Dix strongly intimated that after voting there would be an organized effort on the part of the enemies of the government to commit outrages against the lives and property of private citizens. The above order, by way of precaution, directed that "all persons from the insurgent states now within the department, or who may come within it on or before the 3d of November proximo, are hereby required to report themselves for registry on or before that day; and all such persons coming within the department after that day will report immediately on their arrival. Those who fail to comply with this requirement will be regarded as spies or emissaries of the insurgent authorities at Richmond and will be treated accordingly." The place of registry for such persons was fixed at the headquarters of Major-General John J. Peck, No. 37 Bleeker St., New York city, and several hundred persons from the Southern States appeared there and were registered. On the other hand, Governor Seymour, in a proclamation issued November 2, declared "there are no well-grounded fears that the rights of the citizens of New York will be trampled on at the polls. The power of the state is ample to protect all classes in the free exercise of their political duties. There is no reason to doubt that the coming election will be conducted with the usual quiet and order." He directed that county sheriffs and all other peace officers take every precaution to secure a free ballot to every voter, and prevent any intimidation by the military forces, or by other organizations. On the same day Mr. Seward, secretary of state at Washington, wired the mayors of New York, Albany, and other cities: "This department has received information from the British provinces, to the effect that there is a conspiracy on foot to set fire to the principal cities in the Northern States on the day of the presidential election. It is my duty to communicate this information to you." Mr. Gunther, the mayor of New York, replied: "I have no fears of such threats being carried out, or even attempted. However, I shall take all precautionary measures, and am amply prepared. Should any Federal assistance be necessary, I shall invoke the same without delay." On November 4, Major-General Butler arrived at New York city, under orders of the president and by assignment of Major-General Dix, and took command in the city. On the day before the election about 7,000 Federal troops arrived in New York bay as a precautionary measure to assist in preserving order, and on November 8, the day of the election, were placed on board of steamers, which were stationed at various points opposite the Battery and in the North and East rivers. The troops were held within call until Thursday night, where they could have been marched to any part of the city within half an hour, but were not landed. Ample precautionary measures were also taken by General Peck on the northern frontier of the state, to prevent a threatened invasion from Canada or any interference with the elections, and the election took place without any unusual disturbance. On November 15 General Butler issued an order taking leave of his command in New York, tendering his thanks to Brigadier-General Hawley, in command of the provisional Connecticut brigade from the Army of the James and the troops from the Army of the Potomac, who had been detailed for special duty at the time of the election. The result of the election gave Lincoln a majority of 6,749 over General McClellan out of a total vote of 730,821. The state election resulted in the choice of Reuben E. Fenton as governor, by a majority of 8,293, over Governor Seymour, his Democratic opponent. The legislature chosen at the same time had a Republican majority of 34 on joint ballot.
During the year 1864, a voluminous correspondence took place between Governor Seymour and the war department relative to the proper credits to be allowed the state under the calls of this year. The state and Federal accounts as to the number of men furnished by the state since the beginning of the war were harmonized after July, 1864, when the state was finally allowed credit, especially for the many thousands of patriotic men enlisted in the regular army and in the U. S. navy and marine service. During the year New York furnished a total of 162,867 men, divided as follows: militia for 100 days' service, 5,640; for 30 days' service, 791; volunteers enlisted by the state authorities, 17,261; reenlisted in the field, 10,518; drafted men, substitutes, enlistments and credits by provost-marshals, 128,657. During the two years of Governor Seymour's administration, the Empire State furnished the government a total of 214,o75 men. Included in the above number are three regiments of U. S. colored troops, designated the 20th, 26th and 31st regiments of infantry. All three regiments were organized in 1864 for three years' service under the auspices of the Union League club, the members contributing $18,000 for the purpose. The following organizations were formed in 1864 and turned over to the United States by the state authorities: cavalry—six companies for the 2nd; three companies each for the 13th and 15th; two companies each for the 18th and 21st; nine companies for the 2nd mounted rifles; six companies for the 24th; the 22nd and 25th regiments, complete; artillery—one company each for the 3d and 6th; seven companies each for the 13th and 16th; and two companies for the 14th regiments; engineers—one company for the 15th, and two companies for the 50th regiments; infantry—one company each for the 57th, 63d 80th, 124th, 137th, 142nd and 159th; three companies each for the 69th and 90th; six companies for the 187th; nine companies for the 188th, and the 7th veteran; and the 179th, 184th, 185th, 186th, and 189th regiments, entirely new organizations.
The enormous wealth and resources of the Empire State were strikingly shown as the war progressed; the prosperity of the state was uninterrupted, despite the enormous drain upon its resources in men, money and material. The soldiers furnished to the general government by New York alone would have been sufficient to conduct military operations on a large scale. Governor Fenton was duly inaugurated January1, 1865, and the 88th session of the legislature convened on the 3d. In his message the governor said that the general government had credited the state with a surplus of 5,301 men under all calls prior to December 1, 1864. He suggested that the legislature fix a maximum bounty to be paid by each locality, and empower localities to raise and pay these bounties in advance of any future calls, so that men would be ready to meet all requirements. He closed his message with the following patriotic words: "The constitution of the Union makes it the duty of the national government to maintain for the people of all the states republican governments. It is no less the duty of each state to throw its whole weight and influence firmly on the side of this great fundamental requirement. This government our fathers intended to establish and transmit as a legacy to posterity. Irrespective of the divisions into states, we are called upon to maintain and perpetuate the trust. Eighty years of enterprise, prosperity and progress have not lessened our obligations, nor checked our devotion to the great cause of civil liberty. It is not a mistake to assume that, whatever exigency may follow, whether domestic or foreign, the great body of the people will go forward to meet and overcome it with the same firm and irresistible energy which characterized our ancestors, and has marked the subsequent course of our civilization. In this patriotic determination of the people for unity, liberty and the constitution, I shall, at all times, earnestly join." The legislature passed a number of important measures relating to the war. It provided for a uniform system of bounties throughout the state and ultimately took steps to reimburse the localities for all bounties paid. It thanked by concurrent resolution the volunteers of the state for their services in defense of the Union and the flag; and by resolutions passed on March 25, in behalf of the people of the state, it gave thanks to the New York officers and men for their gallant achievements at Fort Fisher, N. C. The national banking system had been created by Congress on February 25, 1863, and thoroughly revised by act of June 4, 1864. It was the Federal intent that the state banks should take advantage of these acts to obtain national issues of currency, which they did in large numbers after the act of March 3, 1865, which placed a tax of ten per cent, on state bank circulation. The legislature of New York passed an "enabling act," March 9, 1865, which permitted the state banks to come in under the national system without the long process of a formal dissolution. The result was that 173 state banks were converted into national banks by the end of the fiscal year. Twenty banks had previously taken advantage of the national banking law, so that 183 state banks were transferred with all their wealth and influence to the national guardianship during the fiscal year.
Under the last call for troops, December 19, 1864, the president asked for 300,000 men to serve for three years and the quota assigned to New York was 61,o76. The long war was now drawing to a close and all recruiting and drafting ceased April 14, 1865. In order to fill its quota without resort to the draft, the state received authority from the war department to organize new regiments and independent companies. It supplied under this last call 9,150 men for one year's service; 1,645 men for two years' service; 23,321 men for three years' service; 67 men for four years' service, and 13 men paid commutation—total 34,196. The following new organizations were completed and turned over to the general government: cavalry—five companies for the 26th regiment; infantry—one company each for the 75th, and 190th; two companies for the 191st; the 192nd, 193d, 194th regiments, complete; also the 35th regiment and a number of independent companies of infantry incomplete.
On April 3 word was received in New York announcing the evacuation of Petersburg and the fall of Richmond. Universal excitement and rejoicing prevailed from this time forward until the final surrender of Lee on the 9th, which practically terminated the war. On the 26th occurred Johnston's surrender and soon after the remaining forces of the Confederates laid down their arms. The work of disbanding the Union armies was then taken up and by the close of the summer nearly all the survivors of the New York troops came home, only a few regiments remaining in the service on special duty until the following year. The war worn veterans were received on their return with every honor that a grateful people could bestow for their heroic services. On June 7 Governor Fenton congratulated the soldiers of the state in an eloquent address which touched the hearts of all, saying: "Soldiers of New York: Your constancy, your patriotism, your faithful services and your valor have culminated in the maintenance of the government, the vindication of the constitution and the laws and the perpetuity of the Union. You have elevated the dignity, brightened the renown, and enriched the history of your state. You have furnished to the world a grand illustration of our American manhood, of our devotion to liberty, and of the permanence and nobility of our institutions. Soldiers: your state thanks you and gives you the pledge of her lasting gratitude. She looks with pride upon your glorious achievements and consecrates to all time your unfaltering heroism. To you New York willingly intrusted her honor, her fair name and her great destinies; you have proved worthy of the confidence imposed in you and have returned these trusts with added luster and increased value. The coming home of all our organizations, it is hoped, is not far distant. We welcome you and rejoice with you upon the peace your valor has achieved. Your honorable scars we regard as the truest badges of your bravery and the highest evidences of the pride and patriotism which animated you. Sadly and yet proudly we receive as the emblems of heroic endurances your tattered and worn ensigns, and fondly deposit these relics of glory, with all their cherished memories and endearing associations, in our appointed repositories. With swelling hearts we bade Godspeed to the departing recruit; with glowing pride and deepened fervor we say welcome to the returning veteran. We watched you all through the perilous period of your absence, rejoicing in your victories and mourning in your defeats. We will treasure your legends, your brave exploits, and the glorified memory of your dead comrades, in records more impressive than the monuments of the past and enduring as the liberties you have secured. The people will regard with jealous pride your welfare and honor, not forgetting the widow, the fatherless, and those who were dependent upon the fallen hero. The fame and glory you have won for the state and nation, shall be transmitted to our children as a most precious legacy, lovingly to be cherished and reverently to be preserved."
The efforts put forth by the great State of New York throughout the war were in every way worthy of her commanding position among the states of the Union, where she easily ranked first in population and material resources. New York furnished the most men and sustained the heaviest loss of any state in the war. The final report of the adjutant-general at Washington for the year 1885 credits New York with 467,o47 troops, including 6,o89 men in the regular army, 42,155 sailors and marines; and 18,197 who paid commutation. As the above report of the adjutant general of the U. S. army shows that there were 2,865,o28 men furnished during the war, under all calls, the enlistments credited to New York represent over 16 per cent, of the total. In an able analysis of the above, the statistician Phisterer brings out the facts that the state is justly entitled to an additional credit of 15,266 enlistments for 30 days' men, omitted in the adjutant general’s report; of 11,671 more men enlisted in the regular army, and 8,781 more men enlisted in the navy and marine. In arriving at the number of men from New York serving in the regular army, and in the navy and marine corps, he says: "The statement of the adjutant-general of the United States army, dated July 15, 1885, estimates the number of men in the regular army during the war at 67,000. As far as can be determined from the reports of the assistant provost-marshals-general of this state, as published in the reports of the adjutant-general of New York for the years 1863 to 1865, the number of men credited to this state, enlisting or reenlisting in the regular army, is 6,089, and covers only the period of the war from Dec, 1863, to April, 1865, and no men were credited for such enlistments prior to Dec, 1863. There were in the regular army July 1, 1861, as officially reported, 16,422 officers and enlisted men; up to this time the large cities of this state were the principal recruiting fields of that army, and taking therefore from this number but one-fifth (by no means an overestimate), as having been enlisted in this state, would entitle New York to a credit of 3,284. As already stated from Dec, 1863, to April, 1865—seventeen months—there were credited to the state for enlistment in the regular army 6,089 men; and it is but fair to suppose that the state furnished from July 1, 1861, to November, 1863—twenty-nine months—a proportionate number and an additional credit is therefore claimed of 10,387; total additional claim for credit for service in the regular army, 13,671. Add to this additional credit the number of men found to have been credited, 6,o89, and the total of 19,760 will give the number of men, who it is claimed, served in the regular army of the United States, and were enlisted in, or credited to, New York. Under orders of the war department the enlistment or transfer of volunteers into the regular army was permitted in 1862 and part of 1863, and it is estimated that probably 2,000 volunteers of this state, a liberal estimate, were thus transferred; to avoid all appearance of making excessive claims these two thousand men are deducted, and on the part of the state claim is made for additional credit, for service in the regular army, for 11,671 men only.
"No men were credited to New York for service in the navy and marine until February, 1864, and then credit was received for 28,427, as having been enlisted in the state since April 15, 1861. The adjutant-general of the United States army, under date of July 15, 1885, credits New York with 35,144 enlistments in the navy, which includes no doubt those enlisted in the marine corps, a few hundred only. From the statements of the assistant provost-marshals-general it appears, however, that they credited the state with 41.380 such enlistments. The secretary of the navy, under date of April 10, 1884, in a communication to the United States senate, reported the number enlisted in the navy between April 15, 1861, and February 24, 1864. to have been 67.200, of whom there were credited to this state 28,427 men; that the number enlisted between February 24, 1864, and June 30, 1865, was 37,577, of whom were credited to this state, 13,728; that the number enlisted during the war, but not credited to any state was 20,177, of whom were enlisted in this state, 6,817, making the total number of men, who served in the navy, not including those in service April 15, 1861, 124,954, of whom 39.192 per cent., or 48,972 are due to New York. This report of the secretary of the navy, although it places the number credited to this state at a higher figure than even the records of the assistant provost-marshals-general, is here accepted as the correct statement. But to it must be added the number of men in service April 1, 1861, which an annual report of the navy places at 7,600 men; and of this number there is claimed as due to this state the same percentage as has been found of those enlisted between April 15, 1861, and June 30, 1865, namely 39.192 per cent., or 2,964. This would make the total number who served in the navy during the war, 132,554, of whom there came from this state, 51,936. As with the regular army, so were for a time volunteers permitted to enlist in, or to be transferred to the navy, and it is estimated that at the most 1,000 men were thus transferred, and these require to be deducted from the claims made here for additional credit. It is accepted as a fact that 42,155 men were duly credited to New York, and the remainder, deducting those transferred from the volunteers, of 8,781 men is fairly due the state."
Of the 502,765 men furnished by the state, 17,760 served in the regular army, and 50,936 in the United States navy and marine corps, as above shown; the remainder were distributed as follows: In the United States volunteers, 1,375, 0I whom 800 are estimated to have been transferred from the volunteers as general and staff officers, giving this branch of the service only 575; in the United States veteran volunteers, 1,770; in the veteran reserve corps, 9,862, but as most of these men are properly credited to the volunteers, where they originally enlisted, the state only received credit for reenlistments in this branch of the service to the number of 222; in the United States colored troops, 4,125; in the volunteers of other states (estimated), 500; in the militia and National Guard, 38,o28; men who paid commutation, for which the state was officially credited, 18,197; in the general volunteer service, 370,652.
The enlisted men were divided according to their terms of service as follows: For 30 days, 15,266; for three months, 17,743; for 100 days, 5,o19; for nine months, 1,781; for one year, 62,500; for two years, 34,723; for three years, 347,395; for four years, 141; paid commutation, 18,197—total, 502,765. As a large number of men enlisted in the service more than once, the actual number of individuals from New York who served during the
Page 44
44 The Union Army war has been estimated in round numbers at 400,000. The population of the state in i860 was 3,880,735, of whom 1,933,532 were males. The percentage of individuals in service to total population is therefore 10.30; of individuals to total male population, 20.68. It has been found impossible to arrive at very accurate figures as to the nativity of the individual soldiers from the state, but Phisterer has arrived at the conclusion that of the 400,000 individuals, 279,040 were natives of the United States, and 120,960 or 30.24 per cent, of foreign birth. The latter were divided according to nationality as follows: 42,095 Irish, 41,179 German, 12,756 English, 11,525 British-American, 3,693 French, 3,333 Scotch, 2,o14 Welsh, 2,o15 Swiss, and 2,350 of all other nationalities.
The state furnished the following organizations during the war: Cavalry, 27 regiments, 10 companies; artillery, 15 regiments, 37 companies; engineers, 3 regiments; sharpshooters, 8 companies; infantry, 248 regiments, 10 companies. New York furnished the army with 20 major-generals, only 2 of whom— John A. Dix and Edwin D. Morgan—were appointed from civil life. It furnished 98 officers of the rank of brigadier-general, of whom 12 were appointed from civil life. Included in this long list of higher officers are the names of many who gained renown as among the most efficient commanders produced by the war.
The enormous expenditures of the state, both in lives and money, has been frequently alluded to. It is estimated that the various counties, cities and towns of the state expended for every purpose connected with the war the sum of $114404,o55.35. The state expended the sum of $38,044,576.82, making a grand total of $152,448,632.17. In arriving at the total of state expenditures, the following items are included: In organizing, subsisting, equipping, uniforming and transporting volunteers, $5,101,873.79, less the amount reimbursed the state by the general government would leave in round numbers $900,000; amount of the direct tax allotted to New York, $2,213,332.86; expended by the state for bounties, $34,931,243.96.
Of the total number of individuals from New York who served in the army and navy of the United States during the war, the state claims a loss by death while in service of 52,993. Of this number, there were killed in action, 866 officers, 13,344 enlisted men, aggregate 14,210; died of wounds received in action, 414 officers, 7,143 enlisted men, aggregate 7,557; died of disease and other causes, 506 officers, 30,720 enlisted men, aggregate 31,226; total, 1,786 officers, 51,207 enlisted men. The adjutant-general of the United States in his report of 1885 only credits the state with the following loss: killed in action, 772 officers, 11,329 enlisted men, aggregate 12,101; died of wounds received in action, 371 officers, 6,613 enlisted men, aggregate 6,984; died of disease and other causes, 387 officers, 27,o62 enlisted men, aggregate 27,449; total, 1,530 officers, 45,004 enlisted men, aggregate 46,534. Of these 5,546 officers and men died as prisoners. The above report, however, only includes losses in the militia, National Guard and volunteers of the state, and fails to include the losses in other branches of the service, including those who served in the navy and marine corps, and in the colored troops. Of the 51,936 men furnished by the state to the navy, 706 were killed in battle, 997 died of disease, 36 died as prisoners, and 141 from all other causes—total, 1,880.
Space forbids more than a brief reference to some of the more famous fighting organizations contributed by the State of New York. Perhaps the best known brigade organization in the service was the Irish Brigade, officially designated as the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps. It was in Hancock's old division, and was successively commanded by General Thomas Francis Meagher, Colonel Patrick Kelly (killed), General Thomas A. Smyth (killed), Colonel Richard Byrnes (killed), and General Robert Nugent. It was organized in 1861, and originally consisted of the 63d, 69th and 88th New York infantry regiments, to which were added in the fall of 1862 the 28th Mass. and the 116th Pennsylvania. Its loss in killed and died of wounds was 961, and a total of 4,000 men were killed and wounded. Colonel Fox in his "Regimental Losses in the Civil War," says of this brigade: "The remarkable precision of its evolutions under fire, its desperate attack on the impregnable wall at Marye's heights; its never failing promptness on every field; and its long continuous service, made for it a name inseparable from the history of the war." Another famous brigade was the Excelsior Brigade (Sickles'), belonging to Hooker's (2nd) division, 3d corps, and composed of the 70th, 71st, 72nd, 73d, 74th and 120th New York infantry. Its losses in killed and died of wounds were 876. In Harrow's (1st) brigade, Gibbon's (2nd) division, 2nd corps, was the 82nd New York regiment of infantry. This brigade suffered the greatest percentage of loss in any one action during the war, at Gettysburg, where its loss was 763 killed, wounded and missing out of a total of 1,246 in action, or 61 per cent. The loss of the 82nd was 45 killed, 132 wounded, 15 missing—total, 192. There were forty-five infantry regiments which lost over 20o men each, killed or mortally wounded in action during the war, and six of these were New York regiments. At the head of the New York regiments, and standing sixth in the total list, is the 69th New York, which lost the most men in action, killed and wounded, of any infantry regiment in the state, to-wit: 13 officers and 246 enlisted men—total, 259. Coming next in the order named are the 40th, 48th, 121st, 111th and 51st regiments. Of the three hundred fighting regiments enumerated by Colonel Fox, fifty-nine are from New York. (See Records of the Regiments.)
It has been shown that of the 132,554 men who served in the navy of the United States during the war, 51,936 or considerably more than one-third, came from New York. The maritime importance, of course, of a state like New York, accounts for its important contribution to this branch of the service. The sons of the Empire State were to be found in every important naval engagement throughout the war. That they paid the debt of patriotism and valor is attested by the fact that 1,880 perished in battle, from disease and from other causes incident to the service. When the government was in pressing need of more vessels, a son of New York, Commodore Vanderbilt, presented it with his magnificent ship, the Vanderbilt, costing $800,000. The names of John Ericsson, John A. Griswold and John F. Winslow, all of New York, are inseparably linked with the most important contribution to the navy during the war—the building of the Monitor—which worked a revolution in naval warfare. Captain Mahan, in his "Navy in the Civil War," thus recounts the bravery of one of the famous commanders furnished by New York: "As the Tecumseh, T. A. Craven, commander, went into action at Mobile Bay, it struck a torpedo and sank instantly. The vessel went down head foremost, her screw plainly visible in the air for a moment to the enemy, that waited for her, not 20o yards off, on the other side of the fatal line. It was then that Craven did one of those deeds that should be always linked with the doer's name, as Sidney's is with the cup of cold water. The pilot and he instinctively made for the narrow opening leading to the turret below. Craven drew back; 'After you, pilot,' he said. There was no afterward for him; the pilot was saved, but he went down with his ship." Other sons of New York, whose names adorn the records of the American navy are Captain John L. Worden, who commanded the Monitor in her historic engagement with the Merrimac; Lieutenant-Com. William B. Cushing, a man of extraordinary bravery and the hero of the Albemarle fight; Captain A. T. Mahan, who served as a lieutenant during the war, and ranks to-day as the greatest living authority on naval matters; Lieutenant-Com. Pierre Gouraud, "the marksman of the Montauk;" Captain Melancthon Smith, the hero of the attack on Port Hudson; Commander David Constable, whose steamer led the attacking forces in the ascent of the James and the bombardment of Fort Darling, and who was the recipient of warm praise from President Lincoln; Commander William E. Le Roy, who distinguished himself at Mobile Bay; Commanders Henry W. Morris, Homer C. Blake, Jonathan M. Wainwright—who lost his life in the defense of his vessel, the Harriet Lane, at Galveston—William B. Renshaw, another of the heroes of Galveston, who laid down his life and sank his vessel, January 1, 1863, to prevent the capture of the same by the enemy; Commodore Theodorus Bailey, second in command during the assaults on Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and a long list of other brilliant names.
Instances of conspicuous gallantry on the part of New York organizations and soldiers might be multiplied almost indefinitely. More than a hint has already been given in the preceding pages of many of the more important services to which the state can lay especial claim. Suffice it to say in addition that upwards of 15,000 names of those who received favorable mention in battle reports, and the names of 132 volunteers who received medals of honor from the United States for conspicuous bravery, should be added to the long Roll of Honor of the state. Some idea of the important part played by the soldiers of the Empire State in every important engagement of the war may be gained from the statement that, at Gettysburg, the decisive battle of the great struggle, New York contributed eighty-seven regiments and batteries of the two hundred and sixty engaged on the Union side. Of the nineteen infantry divisions six were led by New York officers, while of the seventy brigade organizations, twenty-one were commanded by New York officers; of the total Union losses, 23,o49, New York contributed one-third, or 6,784; of the 246 officers killed, New York claims 76, and 294 of the 1,145 officers wounded. New York organizations were prominent in every campaign, and with scarcely an exception reflected honor on their state.
The excellent sanitary condition of most of the New York regiments in the field evoked many favorable comments. During the earlier period of the war, especially, the surgical staff with the volunteers was of the highest character and standing and medical men of the highest reputation offered their services freely. Said Dr. John Swinburne, of Albany, medical superintendent for the state troops in an official report for 1863, "New York has made the best selection of surgeons for her regiments of any state in the Union. For this judicious and extraordinary selection, we are indebted to Surgeon-General Vanderpoel, of whom the medical profession of the state may well be proud." It is doubtless true that some of the "contract surgeons" during the latter period of the war suffered somewhat by comparison with their predecessors, but on the whole New York troops were given efficient medical supervision. A point to be remembered in analyzing the statistics of deaths from disease among the volunteers from all the states is, that during the first months of the war many recruits were allowed to enter the service without a proper inspection as to their physical condition; and during the last months of the war when the demand for troops at the front was so continuous and pressing, the same condition of affairs prevailed to a certain extent.
To the loyal and patriotic women of the state is largely due the final successful outcome of the war, and from the very beginning the mothers, wives, sisters and sweethearts of those who enlisted, exerted themselves in every way to alleviate the sufferings and hardships of the soldiers. Every city, town and village had its relief association, which labored unceasingly in making and forwarding comforts to the soldiers in the field, and in providing hospital supplies for the sick and wounded. At the very beginning of the struggle a society was organized in New York city to furnish hospital supplies and other needed comforts for the soldiers in field and hospital. The first meeting was held in the church of the Puritans, which later culminated in a great assemblage of 3,000 ladies in the Cooper Institute to adopt a plan of concerted action for bringing relief to suffering soldiers, and to their bereaved relatives and friends. This great Cooper Union meeting resulted in the formation of a Woman's central relief association, which then took charge of most of the active relief work. The headquarters of the association were in New York, and on its board of managers were the following well known women: Mesdames Hamilton Fish, Cyrus W. Field, Charles P. Kirkland, Bayard, Charles Abernethy, H. Bayles, N. D. Sewell, G. L. Schuyler, C. Griffin, Laura Doremieux, and V. Botta. It formed an efficient auxiliary to the general hospital service of the army, and it is no exaggeration to say that many thousands of sick and wounded soldiers owe their lives to the efforts of this splendid relief association. At a later date, when the great relief associations known as the United States sanitary and Christian commissions became perfected, the women of the state continued to act as active and efficient aids in the prosecution of their great work, and these associations owe their very origin in a large measure to the philanthropic impulses of the women of New York. Another efficient agency in promoting the successful conduct of the war was the famous Union League Club of New York city, whose influence was manifested in many ways, such as raising and equipping regiments, aiding the general government in the floating of bond issues, and supporting the work of the Sanitary commission. Said the Rev. Henry Bellows, president of the Sanitary commission, in his history of the club: "It is the child of the Sanitary commission. Prof. Walcott Gibbs was the first to suggest that the idea on which the Sanitary commission was founded needed to take on the form of a club, which should be devoted to the social organization of the sentiment of 'unconditional loyalty' to the Union, and he chose Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted as the first person to be consulted and advised with, and the latter at length became the corner-stone of the Union League Club." The great Metropolitan fair, which raised over $1,000,000 for the treasury of the Sanitary commission, was another of the important labors of the club.
Still another efficient adjunct in the work of the Sanitary commission was the "Allotment commission," the commissioners being Theodore Roosevelt, William E. Dodge, Jr., and Theodore B. Bronson. It was the especial duty of this highly useful organization to arrange the means whereby the soldiers in the field could safely and expeditiously transmit their pay to the women and children, and other dependents at home. It performed its work without compensation, and was the means whereby vast sums of money were forwarded to the families of soldiers. Its first annual report showed that it collected and paid over to the families and friends of soldiers more than $5,o00,000 in a single year. Cooperating with this commission in all its extraordinary exertions, were the efficient paymaster-generals of the state, Colonel George Bliss, Jr., John D. Van Buren, and Selden E. Marvin, and their assistants. It has been estimated that the efforts put forth by the Sanitary, Christian and Allotment commissions fully doubled the efficiency of the Union Army. It is believed enough facts have been set forth in the foregoing brief history of New York in the War of the Rebellion to substantiate the statement made earlier in this history, that the Empire State performed her full duty in the work of suppressing the greatest rebellion in the history of mankind.
Page 50
RECORD OF NEW YORK REGIMENTS
First Infantry.—Colonels, William H. Allen, Garret Dyckman, J. Frederick Pierson; Lieutenant-Colonels, Garrett Dyckman, J. Frederick Pierson, Francis A. Leland; Majors, James M. Turner, J. Frederick Pierson, James P. Clancy, Joseph Seamans. The 1st regiment, recruited in New York city, was mustered into the U. S. service for a two years' term, at Staten island, April 22 to 24 and May 3 to 7, 1861, and was the first regiment to be accepted for that length of time. On May 26 it embarked for Fortress Monroe; was there stationed until June 10, when it received orders to move to the support of the force at Big Bethel and was active at the battle of that name. Returning to camp until July 3, the regiment was then ordered to Newport News and remained there until June 3, 1862, receiving during the winter over 370 recruits. The most noteworthy incident of this period was the attack on the fortifications by the Merrimac on March 8, 1862. On June 6, 1862, the 1st was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 3d corps, Army of the Potomac; was engaged at Peach Orchard and Glendale during the Seven Days' battles, losing in the latter battle 230 members killed, wounded and missing; was active at Malvern hill, where it was transferred to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, and ordered to Yorktown, thence to Manassas, where it participated in the battle of August 30. It fought at Chantilly and then remained in the defenses of Washington until October 11, when it was attached to the 3d brigade, moved to Edwards' ferry, Middleburg and finally Falmouth, where it was stationed until the battle of Fredericksburg, in which it took part. Winter quarters were established at Falmouth until May 2 and 3, 1863, when the 1st was engaged at Chancellorsville, and on May 25, 1863, was mustered out at New York. During the two years' service, the regiment lost by death 113 members, 79 from wounds and 34 from' other causes.
Second Infantry.—Colonels, Joseph B. Carr, Sidney W. Park; Lieutenant Colonels, R. Wells Kenyon, William A. Olmsted; Majors, Richard D. Bloss, George H. Otis, George W. Willson, William B. Tibbitts. The 2nd, known as the Troy regiment, was organized at Troy, and was mustered into the U. S. service on May 14, 1861, at Camp Willard, Troy, nearly 800 strong, for a term of two years. It left Troy on the 18th for New York, there embarked for Fortress Monroe, encamped at Mill creek and participated in the battle of Big Bethel. On August s the regiment was ordered to Newport News, where permanent quarters were erected and the following winter was passed, during which time many new recruits were received. In January, 1862, it joined an expedition up the James river; became a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division of the Army of Virginia on March 7; from April 6 to 17 it was stationed at Young's mill, and on June 6 was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps. The regiment took part in the campaign on the Peninsula, being engaged at Fair Oaks, in the Seven Days' battles and in August at Malvern hill. During the campaign in Virginia, it was active at Bristoe Station, where the loss was 70 in killed, wounded and missing; Groveton, the second Bull Run and Chantilly. After various marches and countermarches in Virginia, the regiment took part in the battle of Fredericksburg, after which it went into winter quarters near Falmouth, which were occupied until the opening of the Chancellorsville movement in the spring of 1863. During this battle the loss of the regiment was 54. On May 11, 1863, 120 men enlisted for three years' service and were transferred to the 70th New York, the remainder of the regiment being mustered out at Troy on the 26th. The total loss of the regiment during its term of service was 26 deaths from wounds and 22 from other causes.
Third Infantry.—Colonels, Frederick Townsend, Samuel M. Alford, Eldridge G. Floyd, John E. Mulford; Lieutenant-Colonels, Samuel M. Alford, Henry P. Hubbell, Eldridge G. Floyd, John E. Mulford, George W. Warren; Majors, Abel Smith, Jr., John E. Mulford, Eldridge G. Floyd, George W. Warren, T. Ellery Lord. The 3d, organized at Albany, was known as the 1st Albany regiment and was mustered into the U. S. service there on May 14, 1861, for two years. Four days later it left for New York and on June 3 arrived at Fortress Monroe. It shared in the engagement at Big Bethel, losing 2 men killed and 27 wounded, and returned to Fortress Monroe. On July 30 it was ordered to Baltimore and quartered at Fort McHenry until April 1, 1862. The summer of 1862 was spent at Suffolk and on September 12, the 3d was again ordered to Fortress Monroe. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out in May, 1863, but the regiment remained in the field, composed of 162 recruits, 20o veterans and the veterans and recruits of the 9th New York, and subsequently received many more recruits and the veterans of the 112th New York Vols. The 3d was present during the siege of Suffolk, after which it was ordered to Folly island, where it took an active part in the operations against Fort Wagner, the bombardment of Fort Sumter and attacks on Charleston in the summer and autumn of 1863, as part of Alford's brigade of the 18th corps. In October, 1863, it was attached to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps and returned to Virginia, where it was active in the advance under General Butler in May, 1864, losing 5 killed, 50 wounded and 7 missing. It fought in the battle of Drewry's bluff and was then transferred to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 18th corps, which moved to Cold Harbor, where it was active until June 12, when it returned to Bermuda Hundred. The regiment rejoined the 10th corps on June 15, and formed part of the 1st brigade, 2nd division, with which it was engaged in the assaults at Petersburg in June, the mine explosion of July 30, Fort Harrison, and the Darbytown road. On December 3. 1864, the 3d was attached to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 24th corps and sent to North Carolina, where it was engaged at Fort Fisher, Sugar Loaf battery, Fort Anderson and Wilmington. It remained in North Carolina performing picket and garrison duty until Sherman's arrival and the close of the war, and was mustered out of the service at Raleigh, August 28, 1865. During the term of service the total loss of the organization was 37 deaths from wounds and 85 from other causes.
Fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Alfred W. Taylor, John D. MacGregor; Lieutenant-Colonels, John D. MacGregor, William Jamieson; Majors, Alfred W. Taylor, William Jamieson, Charles W. Kruger. The 4th, or the 1st regiment, Scott's Life Guard, was recruited in New York city, except Co. E, recruited in Brooklyn, and was mustered into the U. S. service from May 2 to 9, 1861, for a two years' term. On June 3 the 4th embarked for Newport News; was quartered there until July 26; was then ordered to Baltimore and remained there until August 31, when it was detailed to guard the railroad at and near Havre de Grace. From March 26 to June 6, 1862, it was stationed at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, and was then assigned to the 7th corps at Suffolk, Virginia. It was ordered to Washington September 6, to join the Army of the Potomac, and as part of the 3d brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, fought bravely at Antietam, where its loss was 44 killed, 142 wounded and 1 missing. It was posted at Harper's Ferry from September 22 to October 30, when it moved to Falmouth and participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, again losing heavily. Winter quarters were established at Falmouth until late in April, 1863, when the army began the movement which culminated in the battle of Chancellorsville, in which the 4th was actively engaged. In New York city, May 25, 1863, the regiment was mustered out, having lost by death from wounds 64 members and 24 by death from other causes.
Fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Abraham Duryee, Governeur K. Warren, Hiram Duryea, Cleveland Winslow, Frederick Winthrop, Henry W. Ryder, William F. Drum; Lieutenant-Colonels, Governeur K. Warren, Hiram Duryea, Harmon D. Hull, George Duryea, Henry W. Ryder, George L. Guthrie, William F. Drum; Majors, J. Mansfield Davis, Hiram Duryea, Harmon D. Hull, Cleveland Winslow, George Duryea, Henry W. Ryder, George L. Guthrie, Paul A. Oliver, Henry Shickhardt, Carlisle Boyd. The 5th known as the National or Duryee's Zouaves, was recruited in New York city and the immediate vicinity and mustered into the U. S. service for a term of two years, at Fort Schuyler, New York harbor, May 9, 1861. On the 23d it embarked for Fortress Monroe, camped for a few days near Hampton Bridge, then moved to Camp Butler, Newport News, and was attached to Pierce's brigade. The troops of the 5th led the force at the battle of Big Bethel and lost 5 killed, 16 wounded and 2 missing. In September the regiment was sent to Baltimore for garrison duty and remained there until May, 1862, when it was assigned to Sykes' brigade, reserve infantry of the Army of the Potomac, and on May 17, to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 5th corps, with which it fought in the battles of the campaign on the Peninsula. It participated in the siege of Yorktown, the fighting near Hanover Court House, the Seven Days' battles, losing at Gaines' mill 55 killed, 37 wounded and 15 missing, and winning notice by the coolness with which, after heavy loss, the regiment was reformed under fire in order to fill the places of the fallen men. At Malvern hill, the 5th was active, then spent a short time at Harrison's landing, and afterward took a prominent part in the battle of the second Bull Run, where, of 490 members present, it lost 117 killed or mortally wounded, 23 per cent, of those engaged, the greatest loss of life in any infantry regiment in any one battle. The remnant of the regiment served with the division through the battles of Antietam, Shepherdstown, Snicker's gap and Fredericksburg without serious loss, and went into winter quarters at Falmouth. It was also active at the battle of Chancellorsville and then returned to New York city, where it was mustered out on May 14, 1863. The total strength of the command was 1,508, of whom 117 were killed or died of wounds, 11.7 per cent., and 34 died from other causes. During almost the entire term of service, the regiment was attached to General Sykes' famous division of regulars, which contained one brigade of volunteers, in which the 5th bore a prominent and worthy part. Colonel Fox names the 5th as one of the "three hundred fighting regiments" and quotes General Sykes as having said it was one of the best volunteer organizations he ever saw. The reenlisted men and recruits, besides a number of the members who originally enlisted for three years, were transferred to the 146th New York Vols.
Fifth Veteran Infantry.—Colonel Winslow received authority to reorganize the 5th for three years' service and with the recruits enlisted for the 31st and 37th veteran infantry, a battalion of four companies—the veteran 5th left New York October 26, 1863, and was assigned to the defenses of Washington, where it remained until May 31, 1864. It was then assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 5th corps, Army of the Potomac, and received at different times, the veterans and recruits of the 12th, 84th, 140th, 185th and 189th N. Y. The regiment participated in the battle of Cold Harbor; lost at Bethesda Church 87 killed, wounded and missing; proceeded with the 5th corps to Petersburg; was in an encounter at the Weldon railroad in August and lost 119 men; was also active at Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's run, White Oak road, where the loss was 60 killed, wounded and missing; and shared in the final assault on Petersburg and the battle of Five Forks. Routine duties were performed by the regiment for some weeks and on August 21, 1865, it was mustered out at Hart's island, New York Harbor. The total strength of the 5th veteran regiment was 1,138 and it lost by death from wounds 99 members, and 90 died from other causes.
Sixth Infantry.—Colonel, William Wilson; Lieutenant-Colonels, John Creighton, Michael Cassidy; Majors, William Newby, James W. Burgess. The 6th, recruited in New York city and known as Wilson's Zouaves, was mustered into the U. S. service at Tompkinsville, April 30 and May 25, 1861, for two years. It left New York city on June 15 on the steamer Vanderbilt for Santa Rosa island, Florida, where it encamped near Fort Pickens. Cos. A, B and C were stationed at Key West and Tortugas, and Cos. G and I at batteries Lincoln and Cameron. The companies remaining at the original camp were attacked in October and fell back to battery Totten. In November, 1861, and January, 1862, the fortifications of Pensacola were bombarded, the regiment taking part in the attack, and upon the evacuation of the city in May the 6th was quartered in the town, Cos. G and I being stationed at Fort Barrancas. It was ordered to New Orleans in November, 1862, where it was attached to Sherman's division and later to Grover's division, with which it moved to Baton Rouge. In March, 1863, the 4th division (Grover's), of the 19th corps was ordered to Brashear City and took part in an expedition to Irish bend, where an engagement ensued in which the 6th was active, as also at Vermillion bayou. Upon returning it was ordered to Alexandria and there embarked for New York city, where it was mustered out on June 25, 1863. The original members numbered 770, of whom 14 were killed or died of wounds, and 32 died from other causes.
Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, John E. Bendix, Edward Kapff, George W. Von Schack; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward Kapff, Casper Keller, Frederick A. H. Gaebel, Anton Pokomey; Majors, Casper Keller, George W. Von Schack, Frederick A. H. Gaebel, Charles Brestel, Gustavus Seidel, Jacob Scheu. The 7th, the "Steuben Rangers," was recruited in New York city, except Co. I from Brooklyn, and mustered into the U. S. service April 23, 1861, for a two years' term. It left New York for Fortress Monroe on May 24, and was quartered at Newport News. It took part in the engagement at Big Bethel and returned to camp at Newport News until in March, 1862. when it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, Army of Virginia. In May it was transferred to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac, with which it served through the campaign on the Peninsula, taking part in the Seven Days' battles with heavy loss. At Antietam it lost 15 killed and 49 wounded, but its heaviest loss was at Fredericksburg, when 243 members were killed or wounded out of a total of 488 engaged. On April 25, 1863, the original two years' members were mustered out at New York city and the three years men were transferred to the 52nd N. Y. The 7th was active in the Chancellorsville campaign and at Gettysburg, after which the remnant of the 52nd and the 7th was consolidated with the 7th New York veteran infantry. During the two years' campaign, the loss by death from wounds was 102 and 47 members died from other causes.
Seventh Veteran Infantry.—Colonel George W. Von Schack was authorized on May 6, 1863, to reorganize the 7th regiment and it was again mustered into the U. S. service early in the spring of 1864. For a time before the regimental organization was complete several companies were attached to the 52nd New York, a notable fighting regiment. It was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps and joined the Army of the Potomac before the Wilderness campaign in which it participated through all the weeks of constant fighting leading up to Petersburg. During the siege of Petersburg it saw much active service, being engaged in the assaults at Petersburg in June, at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry plains, Reams' station, Hatcher's run, Fort Stedman, White Oak road, the final assault and the closing battles of the pursuit. The regiment was mustered out at Hart's island, New York, August 4, 1865, having lost 50 members by death from wounds, and 53 by death from other causes.
Eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Louis Blenker, Julius Stahel, Francis Wutschell, Felix P. Salm; Lieutenant-Colonels, Julius Stahel, Francis Wutschell, Carl B. Hedterich; Majors, Andrew Lutz, Carl B. Hedterich, Anthony Pokorny. The 8th (the 1st German Rifles) was recruited in New York city, there mustered into the U. S. service on April 23, 1861, for two years, and left for Washington on May 27. At Miller's farm the troops encamped and on July 10 were ordered to move toward Manassas as part of the 2nd brigade, 4th division of the Army of the Potomac. During the battle of Bull Run the 8th was held in reserve and assisted in covering the retreat. The following winter it was quartered at Roach's mills and Hunter's Chapel, Virginia; moved to Winchester in March, 1862, and in May joined General Fremont at Petersburg, West Virginia It participated in the pursuit of General Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley, and as part of Blenker's division fought at the battles of Cross Keys and New Market. In the battle of Cross Keys its killed, wounded and missing numbered 220 out of a total of 550 engaged. At Middletown, the 8th was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, Army of Virginia, under General Pope, and with that army took part in the battles of Sulphur springs and the second Bull Run. In September, it became a part of the nth corps and reached Fredericksburg immediately after the battle; camped during the winter at Stafford Court House and Brooks' station, and was mustered out of the service at the latter place on April 23, 1863. The members whose term of service had not expired were formed into one company, the independent company 8th New York, and performed guard duty at the corps headquarters until April 5, 1864, when they were assigned to the 68th N. Y. The 8th lost 93 members by death from wounds, and 40 from disease, accident and imprisonment.
Ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Rush C. Hawkins; Lieutenant-Colonels, George F. Betts, Edgar N. Kimball; Majors, Edgar A. Kimball, Edward Jardine. The 9th, Hawkins' Zouaves, recruited mainly in New York city and with 1 company from the 18th regiment state militia, was there mustered into the U. S. service on May 4, 1861, for a two years' term. It embarked for Fortress Monroe, 800 strong on June 6; was quartered at Newport News until August 27, when 3 companies were sent to Hatteras Inlet, N. C., under General Butler and there joined by the remainder of the regiment on September 13. With General Burnside's force, the regiment arrived at Roanoke island, early in February, 1862, and was actively engaged in the battle there, losing 17 members. It participated in an expedition to Winston; returned to Camp on Roanoke island; was brigaded with the 89th New York and 6th under Colonel Hawkins; was in expeditions to Elizabeth City, and lost 75 men at South Mills. On July 10, the regiment was ordered to Norfolk, Virginia, with the 12th brigade, 3d division, 9th corps, camped at Newport News, until September 4, when it moved to Washington, and to Frederick, Maryland, on the 12th. Here it became a part of the Army of the Potomac; was active at South mountain and Antietam, with a loss in the latter battle of 233 killed, wounded and missing. After camping in detachments at various points, the regiment was concentrated at Fredericksburg, participated in the battle there in December; camped at Falmouth until February 1, 1863, except Co. F, which had remained as garrison at Plymouth, N. C, rejoining the regiment on January 26. In February the 9th was ordered back to Suffolk, where it remained until May, the expiration of its term of service. It was mustered out at New York City, May 20, 1863, when the three years men were assigned to the 3d New York infantry. The 9th numbered in all 1,380 members and lost 71 by death from wounds, and 29 by death from other causes.
Tenth Infantry.—Colonels, Walter W. McChesney, John E. Bendix, Joseph Yeamans, George F. Hopper; Lieutenant-Colonels, Alexander B. Elder, John W. Marshall, George F. Hopper, Anthony L. Woods; Majors, John W. Marshall, John Missing, George F. Hopper, Anthony L. Woods, Charles W. Cow tan. The 10th, the National Zouaves, was recruited in New York city and Brooklyn and mustered into the U. S. service, April 27 and 30 and May 2 and 7, 1861, for two years. From Sandy Hook, where it was encamped, the regiment embarked for Fortress Monroe on June 5, and was ordered to join the reserve during the battle of Big Bethel. Headquarters were established at Camp Hamilton, near Fortress Monroe, and here the regiment was stationed until the opening of the campaign on the Peninsula the following year. In May, 1862, the 10th moved to Norfolk and Portsmouth and on June 7, was attached to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 5th corps, which it joined at Bottom's bridge on the Chickahominy. It was active in the Seven Days' battles, encamped at Harrison's Landing until late in August, when it returned to Newport News, whence it was ordered to Manassas and fought bravely in the second Bull Run, losing 115 men in killed, wounded and missing. At South mountain and Antietam, it was held in reserve; was in action at Shepherdstown, after which it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, with which it fought at Fredericksburg, where almost one-half of the members of the regiment who went into action were killed, wounded or missing. A portion of the winter was spent in the performance of guard duty at headquarters and the original two years members not reenlisted were mustered out at New York on May 7, 1863. The remainder of the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of four companies, to which were later added two companies of new recruits and the veterans of the 8th New York artillery. The battalion was made provost guard of the 3d division, 2nd corps and in March, 1864, was attached to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps. It was active at the Wilderness, where the loss was 95 members, at Spottsylvania, Laurel hill, the North Anna river, Totopotomy and Cold Harbor. It then served during the long siege of Petersburg, being engaged in the early assaults on the works there, at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry plains, Reams' station, the Boydton road, Hatcher's run. White Oak road, and in the final assault on the fortifications, April 2, 1865. In the pursuit which followed the evacuation, the 10th was in line with its brigade and performed guard duty near Richmond until the welcome orders to return home. The 10th was mustered out at Munson's hill. Virginia, June 30, 1865. During its term of service, it lost 130 by death from wounds and 89 by death from accident, imprisonment or disease.
Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, E. Elmer Ellsworth, Noah L. Farnham, Charles McK. Loeser; Lieutenant-Colonels, Noah L. Farnham, John A. Cregier, Spencer H. Stafford, Joseph E. McFarland; Majors, John A. Cregier, Charles McK. Loeser, Alexander McC. Stetson. This regiment, the 1st Fire Zouaves, was recruited in New York city and left for Washington, 1,20o strong, April 29, 1861. At Washington it was mustered into the U. S. service on May 7, for a two years' term and was quartered at the capitol until May 9, when it was sent to Camp Lincoln. On May 24, it was ordered to Camp Ellsworth, Alexandria, Virginia, where it became a part of General Willcox's brigade. At the battle of Bull Run, July 21, it was with the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, Army of Northeastern Virginia, and engaged with severe loss. In September, it returned to New York for the purpose of reorganization; performed guard duty at Bedloe's island and returned to Fortress Monroe the same month, going into camp at Newport News. Efforts to reorganize the regiment proved futile and it returned to New York May 7, 1862, and was there mustered out on June 2. Other succeeding attempts to reorganize were likewise unsuccessful and the men enlisted for that purpose were assigned to the 17th N. Y. During its term of service the regiment suffered the loss of 51 members by death from wounds and 15 from accident or disease.
Twelfth Infantry.—Colonels, Ezra L. Walrath, George W. Snyder, Henry A. Weeks, Benjamin A. Willis; Lieutenant-Colonels, James L. Graham, Robert M. Richardson, Augustus J. Root, William A. Olmstead; Majors, John Lewis, Henry A. Barnum, Augustus J. Root, Henry W. Ryder. The 12th, the "Onondaga regiment," six companies of which were recruited at Syracuse, and the others at Liverpool, Homer, Batavia and Canastota, was mustered into the U. S. service for a three months' term at Elmira, May 13, 1861. It left for Washington on the 29th and upon its arrival encamped upon Capitol hill until July 10, when it was assigned to the 4th brigade 1st division of the Army of Northeastern Virginia. It was first under fire at Blackburn's ford with a loss of 34 men. It was in reserve at Bull Run, then returned to Washington, encamped at Arlington heights and was transferred to Wadsworth's brigade, McDowell's division. The 12th having been mustered into the state service for a two years' term was mustered into the U. S. service August 13, 1861, for the remainder of the two years in spite of protest. In January, 1862, it was reorganized and made a battalion of five companies, which was stationed near Washington at Forts Ramsay, Tillinghast, Craig and Buffalo until March 21, having been joined early in February by five companies of the reorganized 12th militia. With Butterfield's brigade, Porter's division, 3d corps, the completed regiment moved via Fortress Monroe to Hampton and Yorktown; was active in the siege of Yorktown; in May was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 5th corps, with which it fought through the Seven Days' battles; was in General Pope's campaign in Virginia; lost 143 men at the second Bull Run in killed, wounded and missing; was in reserve at South mountain and Antietam; fought at Fredericksburg in December, and then went into camp at Falmouth. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Elmira May 17, 1863. The three years men were formed into two companies which were transferred on June 2, 1864, to the 5th New York veteran infantry. From May, 1864, the battalion of two companies served as provost guard with the 5th corps and was present through the Wilderness campaign. The total loss of the 12th was 69 deaths from wounds and 68 from other causes.
Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Isaac F. Quimby, John Pickell, Elisha G. Marshall; Lieutenant-Colonels, Carl Stephan, Francis A. Schoeffel; Majors, Oliver L. Terry, Francis A. Schoeffel, George Hyland, Jr. The 13th, the "Rochester regiment," composed of eight companies from Rochester, one from Dansville and one from Brockport, was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira for a term of three months. It left Elmira on May 29, 1861, for Washington with the 12th, and camped on Meridian hill until June 3, when it was ordered to Fort Corcoran, where it was employed in construction work until the opening of the Manassas movement. It then became a part of the 3d brigade, 1st division, Army of Northeastern Virginia; was engaged at Blackburn's ford, and was active at Bull Run, losing 58 members. In August, under special orders, the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service for the remainder of the two years' term for which it had been accepted for state service. As in the case of the 12th the order was received with dissatisfaction, so openly expressed that some members of the 13th were sentenced to the Dry Tortugas for discipline, but afterward returned to the regiment. From October 1 to March 10, 1862, the 13th performed guard and picket duty along the Potomac near Georgetown and was then assigned to Martindale's brigade, Porter's division, 3d corps, with which it participated in the Peninsular campaign. It had its share of the arduous duties in the siege of Yorktown, the tiresome marches on the Peninsula; and lost heavily in the Seven Days' battles. In May, 1862, it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 5th corps, and after the Peninsular campaign and a brief rest at Harrison's Landing moved to join General Pope. In the second battle of Bull Run the regiment was closely engaged and out of 240 in action, suffered a loss of 45 killed and many wounded and missing. Withdrawing to Washington, the regiment proceeded from there to the front; was held in reserve at Antietam and went into camp at Sharpsburg, after a sharp encounter with the enemy at Shepherdstown. It reached the vicinity of Fredericksburg on Nov 19 and lost heavily in the battle there the following month. Returning to its former camp, the 13th participated in the "Mud March" and thereafter remained in winter quarters until the end of April, 1863, when the term of enlistment expired. The original two years men were mustered out at Rochester, May 14, 1863, and the three years' men and recruits were consolidated into two companies which were attached to the 140th New York. The total strength of the regiment was 1,30o men; its loss by death from wounds was 85 and from disease, accident or imprisonment 44.
Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonel, James McQuade. Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles A. Johnson, Charles H. Skillon. Thomas M. Davies; Majors, Charles H. Skillon, Charles B. Young, Thomas M. Davies, Lewis Michaels. The 14th, known as the 1st Oneida county regiment, was organized at Utica and contained five companies from that city, one from Rome, one from Boonville. one from Syracuse, one from Lowville and one from Hudson. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany, May 17, 1861, for a two years' term, and left the state for Washington on June 18. For a month it was stationed on Meridian hill and on July 22 was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, Army of Northeastern Virginia, then encamped on Arlington heights. Winter quarters were established on Miner's hill and on March 13, 1862, the 14th was transferred to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, Army of the Potomac, and served with that brigade in the Peninsular campaign until May, when it became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 5th provisional corps. It bore a prominent part in the Seven Days' battles, 125 members being among the dead and wounded at Malvern hill. Camp at Harrison's landing followed and then the Maryland campaign, in which the regiment was held in reserve during the bloody battle of Antietam. It was again active at Fredericksburg, with a loss of 35 killed, wounded and missing, after which it spent a quiet winter in camp near Falmouth and upon the expiration of its term of service was mustered out at Utica, May 24, 1863. The three years' men were transferred to the 44th and later to the 140th N. Y. The total loss of the regiment during its term of service was 85 by death from .wounds, and 44 from other causes.
Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels, John McLeod Murphy, Clinton G. Colgate, Wesley Brainard; Lieutenant-Colonels, Richard J. Dodge, Francis B. O'Keefe, Clinton G. Colgate, James A. Magruder, William A. Ketchum, Stephen Chester; Majors, Francis B. O'Keefe, Clinton G. Colgate, John A. Magruder, Walter L. Cassin, William A. Ketchum, Edward C. Perry, Sewall Sergeant, Henry V. Slosson, William Henderson, Timothy Lubey, Thomas Bogan. The 15th infantry, which subsequently became the 15th regiment of engineers, known as the New York sappers and miners, was organized in New York city and mustered into the U. S. service at Willett's point, New York harbor, June 17, 1861, for two years. It left for Washington on June 29, and there encamped until late in July, when it was assigned to McCunn's brigade. It was on picket and guard duty in the vicinity of Fairfax seminary until August, when it was transferred to Franklin's brigade; in September to Newton's brigade, and in November the original purpose of the organization was carried out and it was ordered to Alexandria to receive instruction in engineering. Here the regiment remained until March 19, 1862, at which time it was ordered to Fairfax seminary in the 1st corps under General McDowell. It participated in the siege duties before Yorktown, rendering effective service in bridge building, etc. After the close of the campaign on the Peninsula, the 15th encamped at Harrison's landing and was then returned to Washington, joining the Army of the Potomac in the field November 17, 1862. Work on the bridges by which the army crossed to Fredericksburg was next undertaken; in January, 1863, ensued the "Mud March," when the men were engaged in the construction of roads; the remainder of the winter of 1862-63 was passed in camp at Falmouth, and during the Chancellorsville campaign the engineering brigade, of which the 15th formed a part, was instrumental in building bridges. The regiment remained with this branch of the service until the middle of June, when the two years' men returned home and were mustered out at New York city, June 25, 1863. The remainder of the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of three companies, to which was added in October a company recruited for the 2nd New York engineers and another company in March, 1864. Seven additional companies were added in November, 1864, by means of which the regimental organization was completed and it remained in service as a veteran regiment until the close of the war. With the volunteer engineer brigade of the Army of the Potomac, it was present at Gettysburg, then joined in the southward movement of the army, shared in the Mine Run campaign and went into winter quarters near Brandy Station, Virginia. Until January, 1865, the 15th was engaged in siege duties before Petersburg, when three companies were detached and sent to North Carolina under General Terry, where they were present at the fall of Fort Fisher, and in March, 1865, were sent to join the Army of the Ohio. The remainder of the regiment remained at Petersburg until the final surrender, engaged in trench digging, mining and other services incident to the siege. This portion of the regiment was mustered out at Washington June 13 and 14, 1865, and the other three companies on July 2. The regimental loss by death from wounds was but 5 during its term of service but it lost 124 by disease and other causes.
Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas A. Davies, Joseph Howland, Joel J. Seaver; Lieutenant-Colonels, Samuel Marsh, Joel J. Seaver, Frank Palmer; Majors, Buel Palmer, Joel J. Seaver, Frank Palmer, John C. Gilmore. The 16th, the 1st Northern New York regiment, was recruited mainly in St. Lawrence and Clinton counties, with one company from Franklin county. It was mustered into the service of the United States at Albany, May 15, 1861, for two years, went into camp near Bethlehem and left the state for Washington on June 26. Assigned to the 2nd brigade, 5th division. Army of Northeastern Virginia, it moved to Alexandria on July 11, from there to Manassas, where it was engaged but a very short time on the 21st and returned immediately after to Alexandria. On September* 15 it was ordered to Fort Lyon and attached to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, Army of the Potomac, which division later belonged with the same number to the 6th corps. The winter of 1861-62 was passed at Camp Franklin near Fairfax seminary, Virginia, where the regiment remained until April 6, when it was ordered to Catlett's station, but at once returned to camp and was then ordered to Yorktown, where it arrived on May 3. The regiment was in action at West Point, and at Gaines' mill, its loss being over 20o killed and wounded. It was present through the remainder of that week of battle, but was not closely engaged, then encamped at Harrison's landing until August 16, when it returned for a brief period to Alexandria. In the battle at Crampton's gap it was in advance and lost heavily in a brilliant dash; was held in reserve at Antietam; at Fredericksburg was posted on picket duty, and after the battle went into winter quarters near Falmouth. It snared the hardships and discomforts of the "Mud March" under General Burnside and was active in the Chancellorsville campaign, with a loss at Salem Church of 20 killed, 87 wounded and 49 missing. A few days were next spent at Banks' ford, then a short time in the old camp at Falmouth, and on May 22, 1863, the regiment was mustered out at Albany. During its term of service its loss was 112 men killed or mortally wounded and 84 deaths from other causes. The three years men were transferred to the 121st N. Y.
Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry S. Lansing, William T. C. Grower, Joel O. Martin, James Lake; Lieutenant-Colonels, Thomas Ford Morris, Nelson B. Bartram, Edward Jardine, Joel O. Martin, James Lake, Alexander S. Marshall; Majors, Charles A. Johnson, Nelson B. Bartram, William T. C. Grower, Joel O. Martin, Charles Hilbert, Alexander S. Marshall, James B. Horner. The 17th regiment—the "Westchester Chasseurs"—contained four companies from Westchester county, two from New York city, one from each of the counties of Rockland, Chenango, Wayne and Wyoming, and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city, May 28, 1861, for a two years' term. It went into camp at Camp Washington, Staten Island, until June 21, when it left for Washington and was stationed at Fort Ellsworth near Alexandria. With the 2nd brigade, 5th division, which was held in reserve, the regiment was present at Bull Run. In September it was posted at Fairfax seminary; in October was ordered to Hall's hill, where it was assigned to Butterfield's brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, and established permanent winter quarters. In March, 1862, a company from the 53d New York infantry was assigned to the 17th, and in May, the brigade became a part of the 1st division of the 5th provisional corps. In March the command moved to Fortress Monroe and after several reconnoitering expeditions proceeded to Yorktown, where it participated in the siege operations. It was not actively engaged in the ensuing battles of the Peninsular campaign and went into camp at Harrison's landing, whence it moved to Newport News and Manassas. At the second Bull Run the regiment made a valiant assault, in which it suffered the loss of 183 killed, wounded and missing, and after the battle the brigade was withdrawn to the vicinity of Washington, where it joined the army in the Maryland campaign, without being called into action. It reached Falmouth in November, 1862, where camp was established; the regiment was active at Fredericksburg and shared in the "Mud March," returning to complete the winter at Falmouth. It was held in reserve at Chancellorsville, the last engagement of the two years men, who were mustered out at New York city, May 22, 1863. During the two years' service, the regiment lost 42 men by death from wounds and 48 by death from other causes. Seventeenth Veteran Infantry.—A large proportion of the members of the 17th reenlisted immediately after being mustered out at New York and with the addition of recruits for the 9th and 38th regiments and the "Union Sharpshooters," the 17th again took the field in October, 1863. It was immediately ordered to join the army under General Sherman; was stationed during that autumn at Louisville, Kentucky, Eastport, Tennessee, and Union City, Kentucky; reached General Sherman's force at Vicksburg, January 24, 1864, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 16th corps; participated in the Mississippi campaign, being active in sharp skirmishes at Decatur, Alabama, Moulton, etc. In April the 17th was assigned to the 3d brigade, 4th division, 16th corps, and in August, at Atlanta, was transferred to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 14th corps, with which it participated in the siege operations, the Hood campaign and the march to the sea. It was engaged at Rockingham, Fayetteville, Averasboro, Bentonville, Goldsboro and Smithfield, N. C.; was assigned June 9, 1865, to the 1st brigade, 22nd corps; returned to Washington with General Sherman; participated in the grand review and was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, July 13, 1865. The loss of the veteran regiment during its term of service was 56 deaths from wounds and 65 from accident, disease or imprisonment.
Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonels, William A. Jackson, William H. Young, George R. Myers; Lieutenant-Colonels, William H. Young, George R. Myers, John C. Maginnis; Majors, George R. Myers, John C. Maginnis, William S. Gridley. The i8th, the "New York State Rifles," was composed of two companies from Schenectady, four from Albany, one from Dutchess county, one from Orange county, one from Ontario county and one from St. Lawrence county. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany, May 17, 1861, for a period of two years, and left the state for Washington on June 18, after a month in camp near Albany. Camp on Meridian hill was occupied until July 12, when the regiment was ordered to Alexandria and became^ a part of the 2nd brigade, 5th division, Army of Northeastern Virginia. It advanced with the army to Manassas, encountered the enemy on the Braddock road, at Fairfax Station and Blackburn's ford, and participated in the Bull Run battle as support for artillery. It was then withdrawn to Alexandria; on August 4, was assigned to Franklin's brigade, later commanded by General Newton; and then went into camp near Fairfax seminary, where the construction of Fort Ward occupied the troops. On March 10, 1862, the regiment was ordered to Fairfax Court House, but immediately returned to camp, and in April, with the 3d brigade, 1st division, 6th corps. Army of the Potomac, moved to Bristoe Station. Again the regiment was ordered to return to camp and it finally reached Yorktown at the time of its evacuation by the Confederate forces. It was active at West Point and in the Seven Days' battles, its loss being heaviest in the battle of Gaines' mill. It was then stationed at Harrison's landing until August 15, when it was ordered to Newport News and on the 24th reached Alexandria. It was engaged at Crampton's gap, Antietam and Fredericksburg, after which it went into camp near Falmouth, until called upon to participate in the "Mud March" and in the Chancellorsville campaign. At Marye's heights and Salem Church the 18th was closely engaged and lost heavily. This was the last battle of the regiment, which was soon after ordered home and was mustered out at Albany, May 28, 1863, the three years men being assigned to the 121st N. Y. The death loss during service was 39 from wounds and 36 from other causes.
Nineteenth Infantry.—Colonels, John S. Clarke, James H. Ledlie; Lieutenant-Colonels, Clarence A. Seward, James H. Ledlie, Charles H. Stewart; Majors, James H. Ledlie, Charles H. Stewart, Henry M. Stone. The 19th, known as the Cayuga county regiment, contained nine companies from that county and one from Seneca, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany for a term of three months, May 22, 1861. It left on June 5 for Washington and passed the following month at Kalorama heights; was then ordered to Martinsburg, West Virginia; was attached to General Sandford's brigade on July 12 and ordered to Harper's Ferry; on August 20, it was stationed at Hyattstown, Maryland, and in the marches and countermarches of these two months several sharp skirmishes with the enemy took place, in which the troops acquitted themselves creditably. In August, the term of enlistment expired and special orders were issued providing for the remuster of the men for the remainder of the two years' period. These orders were received with open dissatisfaction and by refusal of obedience on the part of 206 members, 23 of the greatest offenders being sent to the Dry Tortugas and the others placed under arrest until they were ready to be remustered. The 23 were finally released on condition that they serve the remainder of the two years in the 2nd New York infantry. From September 6 to 25, 1861, the regiment was in camp near Darnestown; was then ordered to Muddy branch and assigned to General Williams' brigade, with which it moved to Hancock, Maryland, in December, and remained there until February 17, 1862. At this time four new companies, recruited in New York city, Rome, Syracuse and Tompkins county, were added to the regiment and it was converted into a regiment of light artillery, officially designated as the 3d light artillery.
Third Light Artillery.—The portion of the regiment -from Hancock joined the new companies at Washington February 21, 1862, and was ordered to Arlington heights, where it remained until March 27, when it was assigned to General Burnside's command and embarked for New Berne on the Carolina expedition, during which the batteries served detached a great part of the time.
Battery A, Captain John T. Baker, was one of the original two years companies and served during the North Carolina campaign as heavy artillery, first at Fort Rowan. It was assigned to the 10th corps in January, 1863, and was mustered out at Auburn, New York, on June 2, 1863, the three years men being transferred to Cos. E, I and K. A new Co. A was mustered into the U. S. service on September 23, 1864, for one year and joined the regiment in North Carolina. It was active at Foster's mills, Gardiner's bridge and Butler's bridge and served in the campaign of March and April, 1865, in Carter's division, provisional corps, being engaged at Wise s Forks. It was mustered out at Syracuse, July 3, 1865. Battery B, Captain Terrence J. Kennedy, was consolidated with Cos. C and E when reorganization took place in February, 1862, and a new
Battery B, Captain Joseph J. Morrison, was mustered in at New York city December 19, 1861, for three years. This battery was equipped as light artillery; served in the 18th corps in North Carolina; took part in the expedition to Weldon; was engaged in Rawle's mill; returned to New Berne on December n and joined the Goldsboro expedition, taking part in the actions at Southwest creek, Kinston bridge, Whitehall and Goldsboro. In January, 1863, the battery was ordered to Hilton Head, S. C., and attached to the 10th corps. It shared in the operations against Fort Wagner and the reduction of the fortifications of Charleston harbor, remaining in that vicinity until the close of its term of service and gaining commendation in many encounters. It was mustered out at Syracuse, July 13, 1865.
Battery C, Captain James E. Ashcroft, was mustered into the U. S. service in 1861 and mustered out at Elmira June 2, 1863, when its three years' men were transferred to Cos. I and K. A new battery C, Captain W. E. Mercer, was mustered into the U. S. service on August 31, 1863, for a three years' term, and joined the regiment in North Carolina. At New Berne it was equipped as heavy artillery and engaged in construction work at Fort Totten, participating in several expeditions into the surrounding country. It was active in the campaign of March and April, 1865, engaging the enemy at several different points, notably Southwest creek, Wise's Forks, and Bennett house, and was mustered out at Syracuse, July 14, 1865.
Battery D, Captain Owen Gavignan, was one of the original two years' companies and was mustered out at Elmira. June 2, 1863, the three years men being distributed among Cos. E, I and K. A new Battery D was mustered into the U. S. service at Syracuse in February, 1864, and joined the regiment in North Carolina, where it served as heavy artillery, being stationed at Fort Totten. It was active in the campaign in the Carolinas in March, 1865, engaging the enemy together with the preceding battery, and was mustered out at Syracuse, July 5, 1865.
Battery E, Captain Theodore Schenck, was one of the original two years' companies, but received the three years men of Cos. A, B, C and D and remained in service after its two years' men were mustered out. Equipped as light artillery at New Berne, it accompanied the Goldsboro expedition in Dec, 1862, engaging the enemy at Kinston, Whitehall bridge and Goldsboro and on its return occupied permanent winter quarters at New Berne. In the spring of 1864, the battery was ordered to Virginia, where it served with the artillery brigade of the 18th corps until June, with the 10th corps until September, again with the 18th until December and the remainder of its term of service with the 24th corps. It was sent to Petersburg and took part in engagements at Drewry's bluff, Bermuda Hundred, Fort Harrison and Petersburg, participating in the final assault April 2, 1865. It was mustered out at Richmond, Virginia, June 23, 1865.
Battery F, Captain Nelson T. Stevens, was organized May 22, 1861, and transferred to Co. A in September. A new company, Captain Edwin S. Jenny, was organized in February, 1862, and mustered in for three years. It joined the regiment at New Berne, N. C., where it was equipped as a light battery and accompanied the Goldsboro expedition, losing 32 members killed, wounded or missing. It next joined the expedition to Blount's creek, after which it was ordered to Morris island and took part in the bombardment of Fort Wagner in July, 1863, and the further operations about Charleston harbor, serving with the 10th corps. In the bombardment of Fort Sumter in November, 1863, at Seabrook, John's island and James island, the battery rendered effective service. Battery F was mustered out at Syracuse, July 24, 1865.
Battery G, Captain Charles H. Stewart, was organized in May, 1861, and in September received new members from Battery K. It was active at Washington, N. C., in July, 1862, and also in March, 1863. It was mustered out at Elmira June 2, 1863, the three years men having been transferred to the new Co. K in May. In March, 1864, a new Battery G, Captain David L. Aberdeen, was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term and assigned to the 18th corps, Department of Virginia and to the provisional corps in North Carolina in March, 1865. It was active at Wise's Forks and Bennett house, and from April 5 served with the artillery reserve, 23d corps. It was mustered out at Syracuse, July 7, 1865.
Battery H, Captain Solomon Giles, was organized in May, 1861, and transferred in September to Cos. B and I. It was replaced by a new Battery H, Captain William J. Riggs, February 22, 1862, which was equipped as a light battery at New Berne and served in North Carolina during that year, sharing in the Goldsboro and Blount's creek expeditions and fighting at Swift creek, Tarboro and Dismal swamp. In October, 1863, it was ordered to Fortress Monroe; moved to Newport News in December; to Portsmouth, Virginia, in April, 1864; was assigned to the artillery brigade, 18th corps, in June, and to the 24th corps in December. It was active at Fort Harrison and in the final assault on Petersburg April 2, 1865, and was mustered out at Richmond, Virginia, June 24, 1865.
Battery I, Captain John H. Ammon, was organized at Elmira and on May 22, 1861, was mustered into the U. S. service for two years. It received recruits from Cos. H and K and in 1863 from Cos. A, C and D. It served in North and South Carolina; took part in the siege of Fort Macon; in the Goldsboro expedition; was stationed at New Berne in 1863; in March, 1865, was assigned to the provisional corps in North Carolina, with which it engaged at Wise's Forks; was then transferred to the artillery reserve, 23d corps, and was mustered out of the service at Syracuse, July 8, 1865.
Battery K, Captain James R. Angell, was organized in May, 1861, and transferred to Cos. D and G in September. A new Co. K, Captain Angell, was mustered into the U. S. service on December 20, 1861, for a three years' term, and joined the regiment at New Berne, N. C., where it was equipped as a light battery. It was active in the Goldsboro expedition; was stationed at Free bridge in July, 1863, and at New Berne in 1864; was transferred in April, 1864, to the 1st division, 18th corps, Army of the James. The two years men were mustered out at the expiration of their term of service and recruits received from Cos. D and G. In May, 1864, the battery was assigned to the 3d division, 18th corps, and in June to the artillery brigade, 18th corps. In Dec, 1864, it was transferred to the artillery brigade of the 24th corps. It was active at Bermuda Hundred, in the early assaults on Petersburg, and in the final assault April 2, 1865. It was mustered out at Richmond, June 30, 1865.
Battery L, Captain Terrence J. Kennedy, organized as an independent battery in 1861, continued as such and never joined the regiment. In March, 1865, the 24th Independent Battery (q. v.) was transferred to the regiment as Battery L and was mustered out July 7, 1865.
Battery M, Captain James V. White, was organized as Co. I of the 76th New York infantry and with two other companies was assigned to the regiment on January 24, 1862. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany, January 18, 1862, for a three years' term and joined the regiment in North Carolina. It served near New Berne, N. C., until October, 1863, and was then ordered to Fortress Monroe. In January, 1864, it was assigned to the 18th corps and to the 1st division of that corps in March, being transferred to the 3d division the following May. In June it became a part of the artillery brigade, 18th corps, and in Dec, 1864, of the artillery brigade, 24th corps. It took part in the operations before Petersburg, joined in the final assault, and was mustered out of the service at Richmond, June 26, 1865. During its term of service, the total loss of the entire regiment was 189 members killed, wounded or missing.
Twentieth Infantry.—Colonels, Max Weber, Francis Weiss, Baron Ernst Von Vegesack; Lieutenant-Colonels, Franz Weiss, Egbert Schnepf; Majors, Engleberth Schnepf, Lorenz Meyer. The 20th regiment, the "United Turner Rifles," was composed of volunteers from the Turner societies of New York city and vicinity and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city, May 6, 1861, for two years. For more than a month the regiment was quartered at the Turtle Bay brewery and on June 13, embarked for Fortress Monroe, where it encamped at Tyler's point for a month and then moved to Hampton. At the time of the organization of the regiment, a portion of the men were mustered into the state service for two years and the U. S. service for three months and on August 2, under special orders the three months men were mustered into the U. S. service for the remainder of the two years' term. On August 26, the regiment embarked for Fort Hatteras, where it participated in the capture of the fortifications and remained quartered until September 25, when it returned to Virginia. The entire regiment occupied Camp Hamilton until October 7, when four companies were sent to Newport News, engaging the enemy at Sinclair's farm and New Market bridge and rejoined the regiment at Camp Hamilton on February 20, 1862. On May 9 the 20th embarked for Norfolk; moved from there via Portsmouth, White House landing and Savage Station and joined the Army of the Potomac at Camp Lincoln, where it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 6th corps. During the Seven Days' battles the loss of the command was 64 killed, wounded or missing, after which it was encamped at Harrison's landing from July 2 to August 16, when it was ordered to Fortress Monroe and from there to Alexandria and Manassas. It participated in the battle of South mountain and suffered its heaviest loss at Antietam, when 145 of its number were killed, wounded or missing. From November 18 to December 4, it was encamped at Acquia creek, then proceeded to Falmouth and was placed in support of artillery during the battle of Fredericksburg. Winter quarters were established at White Oak Church and occupied, except during the "Mud March," until April 20, 1863. Toward the last of April 202 members of the command refused further service, claiming that the term of enlistment had expired. They were disciplined by arrest and the regiment was active in the Chancellorsville campaign. The term of service having expired, the regiment left for New York on May 6, and was there mustered out June 1, 1863. During its service it lost 62 members by death from wounds and 59 died from other causes.
Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonel, William F. Rogers; Lieutenant-Colonels, Adrian R. Root, William H. Drew, Horace G. Thomas, Chester W. Sternberg; Majors, William H. Drew, Horace G. Thomas, Chester W. Sternberg, Edward L. Lee. The 21st, the 1st Buffalo regiment, was recruited in that city, and was the outgrowth of the 74th New York militia. It was mustered into the U. S. service May 20, 1861, at Elmira, for three months and left there for Washington on June 18. It was first quartered at the Union house, then at Kalorama heights and on July 14 moved to Fort Runyon, Virginia. As in the other regiments which were mustered for three months the order for remuster for the remainder of a two years' term, was received with ill feeling and 41 members were placed under arrest and sentenced to the Dry Tortugas, from which sentence they were released on condition that they finish their term of service with the 2nd New York infantry. On August 31, the regiment was attached to Wadsworth's brigade, McDowell's division, and ordered to Fort Cass, thence to Upton's hill. Here a fort was built, called Fort Buffalo, which became the winter quarters of the regiment until March 10, 1862, when it broke camp for the general advance movement. The regiment moved to Centerville. the brigade under command of General Patrick and the division under General King. After various marches, countermarches and minor encounters with the enemy, it fought at the second battle of Bull Run and Chantilly. At Upton's hill, where the army rested for a short time, the 21st was assigned to the 3d brigade. 1st division, 1st corps and with it fought at South mountain and Antietam, losing 71 members in the latter engagement. During the battle of Fredericksburg the brigade was stationed on the extreme left of the army. The regiment was assigned to Patrick's provost guard brigade on January 9, 1863. and was associated with it until the end of the term of enlistment. It was mustered out at Buffalo, May 18, 1863, having lost during its term of service 75 by death from wounds and 42 by death from other causes.
Twenty-second Infantry.—Colonel, Walter Phelps, Jr.; Lieutenant-Colonels, Gorton F. Thomas, John McKee, Jr., Thomas J. Strong; Majors, John McKee, Jr., George Clendon, Jr., Thomas J. Strong, Lyman Ormsby. The 22nd, known as the 2nd Northern New York regiment, was composed of four companies from Washington county, three from Essex, two from Warren and one from Saratoga county and was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Rathbone, Troy, on June 6, 1861, for two years. A fortnight later it moved to Albany, where it remained until June 28, when it left for Washington. It encamped on Meridian hill until July 24, when it moved to Arlington heights, where it was assigned to General Keyes' brigade, which in March, 1862, became the 3d brigade, 3d division, 1st corps. Winter quarters were occupied at Upton's hill until March 10, 1862, when the regiment joined in the movement to Centerville, but returned to Upton's hill immediately afterward, and proceeded to Falmouth in April. In June the regiment became a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, Army of Virginia, and in September, 1862, the same brigade and division, was made part of the 1st corps, Army of the Potomac. This brigade was known as the Iron Brigade before the Iron Brigade of the West was formed. At Manassas the loss of the regiment was 180 killed, wounded or missing, out of 379 engaged, of whom 46 were killed or mortally wounded, or over 12 per cent. Of 24 officers present, 19 were killed or wounded, 9 mortally, among them Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas. The first week of September was spent in camp at Upton's hill and it next advanced to South mountain, where it was closely engaged, then to Antietam, where again the loss was heavy. About the middle of November, the command arrived at Falmouth and participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, being stationed on the extreme left of the army. It then returned to camp at Falmouth and joined in the "Mud March," after which it went into winter quarters at Belle Plain. On April 28, 1863, camp was broken for the Chancellorsville movement, during which the regiment was held in reserve and met its only loss at Pollock's Mill creek, where 10 men were wounded while acting as rear-guard. The regiment was mustered out at Albany, June 19, 1863, having lost 72 men by death from wounds and 28 by death from other causes.
Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Henry C. Hoffmann; Lieutenant-Colonel, Nirom M. Crane; Major, William M. Gregg. The 23d was composed of three companies from Steuben county, two from Tioga, two from Chemung, one from Alleghany, one from Cortland and one from Schuyler, and was known as the Southern Tier regiment. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira on July 2, 1861, for a two years' term, and left the state for Washington on the 5th. For two weeks it was encamped at Meridian hill, but moved on July 23 to Fort Runyon and on August 5, to Arlington heights, where it remained until September 28. On August 4, it was assigned to Hunter's brigade; on October 15, to Wadsworth's brigade, McDowell's division, and in March, 1862, to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 1st corps, Army of the Potomac. Its first encounters with the enemy were at Fall's Church, Ball's cross-roads, and Munson's hill, losing in these engagements 1 man killed and 7 wounded. On March 10, 1862, the regiment moved to Centerville, but returned after five days to Upton's hill, proceeded to Bristoe Station and Falmouth and undertook several expeditions with Falmouth as a base of operations. On Tune 26, 1862, the regiment was attached to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, Army of Virginia, with which it shared in General Pope's campaign, being in action at the Rappahannock, Sulphur Springs, Gainesville, and the second Bull Run. In September, the brigade and division became part of the 1st corps, Army of the Potomac, and fought at South mountain and Antietam, with a loss to the 23d in the latter battle of 42 killed, wounded and missing. Until October 20, the regiment encamped at Sharpsburg, Maryland, then moved toward Fredericksburg and was closely engaged in the battle there in December. Winter quarters were established at Belle Plain and on January 9, the regiment was transferred to Patrick's provost guard brigade, with which it served until the expiration of its term, stationed at Acquia creek in April and May, 1863. On June 26 the command was mustered out at New York city, having lost 17 by death from wounds and 55 by death from all other causes.
Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Timothy Sullivan, Samuel R. Beardsley; Lieutenant-Colonels, Samuel R. Beardsley, Robert Oliver, Jr.; Majors, Jonathan Tarbell, Andrew J. Barney, Robert Oliver, Jr., Melzer Richards. The 24th, the Oswego County regiment, contained nine companies from Oswego county and one from Jefferson. It was mustered into the U. S. service for a two years' term, July 2, 1861, at Elmira, and left for Washington the same day. It first encamped on Meridian hill, but moved to Arlington mills on July 22, and late in September established winter quarters at Upton's hill. The regiment was first assigned to Keyes' brigade, which became on October 1, the 1st brigade, 1st division, and on March 13, 1862, the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st corps,—the "Iron Brigade." In March, 1862, the brigade moved to Centerville, but returned at once to Alexandria, and in April proceeded to Bristoe Station and thence to Fredericksburg. During June and July it encamped at Falmouth after a sharp encounter with the enemy at that point in April. It was present during the actions at Rappahannock Station and Groveton and in the second battle of Bull Run lost 237 members in killed, wounded and missing. After a brief rest at Upton's hill, the brigade was again active at South mountain and Antietam, after which it went into camp at Sharpsburg until late in the autumn, when it moved to Fredericksburg, participated in the battle there, and then established winter quarters at Belle Plain. In the Chancellorsville movement the brigade was held in reserve and on May 29, 1863, the 24th was mustered out at Elmira, having lost 91 men by death from wounds and 31 by death from other causes.
Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, James E. Kerrigan, Charles A. Johnson; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edmund C. Charles, Charles A. Johnson, Henry F. Savage, Edwin S. Gilbert, Sheppard Gleason; Majors, George Mountjoy, Henry F. Savage, Edwin S. Gilbert, Sheppard Gleason, Patrick Connelly. The 25th, the "Kerrigan Rangers," was recruited in New York city and there mustered into the U. S. service on June 26, 1861, for a two years' term. It encamped at Staten Island until July 3, when it left for Washington and on July 21 moved to Alexandria. It remained in this vicinity until October, when it was assigned to Martindale's brigade. Porter's division and stationed at Hall's hill, Virginia. In March, 1862, the brigade and division became a part of the 3d corps. Army of the Potomac, and moved to the Peninsula, where it participated in the siege of Yorktown and the battle of Hanover Court House. In the latter engagement the loss of the regiment was 158 killed, wounded and missing out of 349 engaged, Colonel Kerrigan being severely wounded. At Gaines mill the regiment again displayed its heroism. It was held in reserve during the rest of that week, but was again active at Malvern hill, with a loss of 1 man killed and 17 wounded. The rest at Harrison's landing was welcomed by the troops, who remained in camp there until August 15, when the 25th was ordered to Newport News, thence to Falmouth and Manassas, where it was engaged with slight loss. It was withdrawn to Hall's hill and soon joined in the Maryland campaign, but was held in reserve at Antietam, and camped at Sharpsburg until October 30. It arrived in the vicinity of Fredericksburg about the middle of November; participated in the battle there with a loss of 40 in killed, wounded and missing; joined in the "Mud March" fiasco, and established winter quarters on the Fredericksburg railroad near Potomac creek. The regiment was not closely engaged in the Chancellorsville campaign and was mustered out at New York city June 26, 1863. During its term of service it lost 61 members by death from wounds and 28 members by death from accident, disease or other causes.
Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, William H. Christian, Richard A. Richardson; Lieutenant-Colonels, Richard A. Richardson, Gilbert S. Jennings; Majors, Gilbert S. Jennings, Ezra F. Wetmore. The 26th, the 2nd Oneida regiment, was composed of six companies from Oneida county, two from Monroe, one from Tioga and one from Madison, and was mustered into the U. S. service May 21, 1861, at Elmira, for a three months' term. It left the state on June 19, for Washington; camped for a month on Meridian hill; then moved to Alexandria; was stationed in that vicinity at various points during the autumn, and established winter quarters at Fort Lyon, where it was attached to Wadsworth's brigade. When the advance of the army commenced in March, 1862, it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, Department of the Rappahannock for a month, and it then became a part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps, Army of Virginia. Under special orders from the war department the regiment was remustered on August 21, 1861. for the remainder of two years' service. The regiment was present at Cedar mountain and participated in the campaign in Virginia under General Pope, losing in the second battle of Bull Run 169 in killed, wounded and missing. On September 12, it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 1st corps, Army of the Potomac, and was active at South mountain and Antietam. At the battle of Fredericksburg it met with its heaviest loss. Out of 30o members engaged 170 were killed, wounded or missing, of whom 5i were mortally wounded. After the battle winter quarters were established at Belle Plain and occupied, except during the "Mud March," until the Chancellorsville movement in the spring of 1863, during which the regiment performed advance picket duty. It was mustered out at Utica, May 28, 1863, having lost 108 members by death from wounds and 42 by death from other causes.
Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Henry Warner Slocum, Joseph J. Bartlett, Alexander D. Adams; Lieutenant-Colonels, Joseph J. Chambers, Alexander Duncan Adams, Joseph H. Bodine; Majors, Joseph J. Bartlett, Curtiss C. Gardiner, Joseph H. Bodine, George G. Wanzer. The 27th, the "Union Regiment," was composed of three companies from Broome county, one company from each of the following counties: Westchester, Wayne, Monroe, Wyoming and Orleans, and two companies from Livingston. It was mustered into the U. S. service for a two years' term at Elmira on July 9 and 10, 1861, to date from May 21, and left the state for Washington on July 10. It was quartered at Franklin Square until July 17 and on that day advanced toward Manassas, assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, and received its baptism of fire in the battle of Bull Run, where 130 members were killed, wounded or missing, Colonel Slocum being among the wounded. The command was withdrawn to Washington after the battle and again occupied its old camp at Franklin Square until late in September, when it was ordered to Fort Lyon and there attached to Slocum's brigade, Franklin's division. On March 13, 1862, it became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, Army of the Potomac, and in May the division was assigned to the 6th corps. The regiment left camp for the Peninsula in April, participated in the battle of West Point, the siege of Yorktown and the Seven Days' battles, suffering heavy losses at Gaines' mill and Malvern hill. It was more fortunate at the second Bull Run, where it was present but not closely engaged. The regiment then participated in the battles of South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg, established winter quarters at Belle Plain, shared the discomforts of the "Mud March," lost 19 members killed, wounded or missing in the Chancellorsville campaign in May, 1863, and soon after returned to New York. It was mustered out at Elmira May 31, 1863, having lost during its term of service 74 members by death from wounds and 74 by accident, imprisonment or disease.
Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Dudley Donnelly, Edwin F. Brown; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edwin F. Brown, Elliott W. Cook; Majors, James R. Mitchell, Elliott W. Cook, Theophilus Fitzgerald. The 28th, the "Niagara Rifles," was composed of five companies from Niagara county, two from Orleans county, one from Ontario, one from Genesee and one from Sullivan, and was mustered into the U. S. service for two years on May 22, 1861, at Albany. A month was spent in camp at Camp Morgan and on June 25, the regiment left the state for Washington. It was assigned on July 7 to Butterfield's brigade, Keim's division of General Patterson's force, which it joined at Martinsburg, West Virginia Camp was occupied at Berlin until August 20, when the force moved to Darnestown and remained there until October 20, when it was ordered to Ball's bluff but did not arrive in time to take part in the battle. From December 5» 1861, to January 6, 1862, the regiment encamped at Fredericksburg; was then at Hancock until March 1, and then moved to Winchester with the 1st brigade, 1st division, 5th corps, Army of the Potomac. Co. E participated in the engagement near Columbia Furnace, Co. I in an encounter near Montevideo, and the entire regiment was transferred to the Department of the Shenandoah in May. It marched to Front Royal, Middletown, Newton, Winchester and Bunker Hill in May; to Williamsport and Front Royal in June, and to Culpeper Court House and Cedar mountain in July. In the battle of Cedar mountain the loss of the 28th was 213 killed, wounded and missing out of 339 engaged, and of these 41 men were mortally wounded. On August 21, the regiment was again in action at Rappahannock Station. On June 26 it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, Army of Virginia, and on September 12, to the same brigade and division of the 12th corps, Army of the Potomac. During the battle of Bull Run (second) the command was posted at Manassas Junction and was then withdrawn to Centerville and Alexandria, leaving there September 3 for Maryland. At Antietam the command was closely engaged and the commander of the corps, General Mansfield, was mortally wounded. General Williams succeeded him in command and the corps went into camp at Harper's Ferry. On December 10, the regiment marched toward Dumfries, from there to Fairfax Station, then to Stafford Court House, where it established winter quarters. The last battle of the 28th was at Chancellorsville, in which the regiment lost 78 members killed, wounded or missing. Soon after it returned to New York and was mustered out at Albany June 2, 1863. The total loss of the regiment during its term of service was 68 members killed or died of wounds and 49 died from other causes.
Twenty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Adolph Von Steinwehr, Clemens Sorst, Lewis Hartmann; Lieutenant-Colonels, Clemens Sorst, Lewis Hartmann, Alexander Von Schluembach; Majors, Louis Livingston, William P. Wainwright, Lewis Hartmann, Ulrich Gullmann, Alexander Von Schluembach, Daniel Metzger. The 29th, the "Astor Rifles," was recruited in New York city and there mustered into the U. S. service on June 4 and 6, 1861, for a two years' term, most of its members being of German nativity. On June 21, it left the state for Washington, where it occupied Camp Dorsheimer until July 9, when it moved to Arlington Heights. It was assigned to Blenker's brigade and was present in the reserve at the first battle of Bull Run, returning after the action to Washington. One company of the regiment was detached to take charge of the guns of Captain Varian's battery and was afterward organized as the 1st independent New York battery. From July 26 to October 13, the regiment was stationed at Roach's mills and after several camps of a few days each it established winter quarters at Hunter's Chapel, where it arrived on November 16. During its service here it was assigned to Steinwehr's brigade, which in April, 1862, was ordered to join the Mountain Department and after weeks of marching, participated in the battle of Cross Keys. It was with the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 1st corps, Army of Virginia, from June 26, and was present through the ensuing campaign, being engaged at Sulphur Springs, and losing 20 killed, 95 wounded and 17 missing at the second battle of Bull Run. From the middle of September to December the command encamped at Germantown. It then moved to Falmouth, where it was quartered until February, when permanent quarters were established at Stafford Court House. From September, 1862, it served with the 1st brigade, 2nd division, nth corps, and in April, 1863, was ordered to protect the passage of the Rappahannock, at the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign. In the battle of Chancellorsville it lost o6 killed, wounded or missing, then returned to camp at Stafford Court House, and on June 2, left for New York city, where it was mustered out on the 23d. The total strength of the regiment was 902 members, of whom 42 were killed or died of wounds, and 22 died from accident, imprisonment or disease.
Thirtieth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward Frisby, William M. Searing; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles E. Brintnall, William M. Searing, Morgan H. Chrysler; Majors, William M. Searing, Morgan H. Chrysler, Albert J. Perry. The 30th regiment, organized at Troy, was composed of two companies recruited at Saratoga Springs, two at Troy, one each at Lansingburg, Schenectady, Poughkeepsie, Hoosick, Valatie and in Saratoga county, and was mustered into the U. S. service for two years at Troy, June 1, 1861. It left the state for Washington on June 28; was stationed at Brightwood and Hunter's Chapel; established winter quarters at Upton's hill until March 10, 1862; left camp with the 1st brigade, 3d division, 1st corps, Army of the Potomac (the Iron Brigade) and marched to Manassas; from there to Falmouth, then to Massaponax and Front Royal. Returning to Falmouth, reconnoitering expeditions were undertaken to Orange Court House and Hanover Court House, where skirmishes occurred. With the 1st brigade. 1st division, 3d corps, Army of Virginia, the regiment fought at White Sulphur Springs, at Gainesville, at Groveton, and the second Bull Run, losing in the last battle 66 members killed or mortally wounded out of 341 engaged—over 19 per cent. The total loss of the command in this campaign was 183 killed, wounded or missing, Colonel Frisby being among the wounded. After a short time in camp at Upton's hill, the regiment moved into Maryland; was active at South mountain and at Antietam, after which it went into camp at Sharpsburg, where its sadly depleted ranks were reinforced by the addition of new recruits. On October 30. 1862, the regiment moved to Warrenton; thence to Brooks' station, near Falmouth; participated in the battle of Fredericksburg; established winter quarters at Belle Plain, where in Dec, 1862, a new company, which became Co. F, was added to the regiment, the old Co. F being consolidated with other companies. The regiment took part in the Chancellorsville campaign, then returned for a short time to its camp at Belle Plain, which it left on May 28, 1863, for Albany, and was there mustered out on June 18. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,154 members and it lost 78 by death from wounds during its term of service and 33 died from other causes. The three years men were transferred to the 76th New York infantry on May 24, 1863.
Thirty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Calvin C. Pratt, Francis E. Pinto, Frank Jones; Lieutenant-Colonels, William H. Brown, Leopold C. Newman; Majors, Addison Dougherty, Alexander Raszewski, R. R. Daniells, J. Barnett Sloan. The 31st, the "Montezuma Regiment," contained one company from Williamsburg and the others were from New York city, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for two years on May 14 and 27 and June 13, 1861. It left the state for Washington on June 24; proceeded to Virginia in July with the 2nd brigade, 5th division, Army of Northeastern Virginia; encountered the enemy at Fairfax Court House and Bull Run; returned to Washington and was attached to the 3d brigade of Franklin's division. On September 28 it moved to Munson's hill, thence to Springfield Station and on the return passed the winter of 1861-62 at Fort Ward. With the 3d brigade, 1st division. 1st corps, Army of the Potomac, the regiment moved to Manassas and returned to Alexandria in March, 1862. At West Point it met with a loss of 83 killed, wounded or missing. The division became part of the 6th corps in May; engaged in the Seven Days' battles on the Peninsula; camped at Harrison's landing until August is; was then ordered to Newport News and guarded the Fairfax railroad at Burke's station. At Crampton's gap, Antietam, the regiment was closely engaged and was also in the battle of Fredericksburg in December. Winter quarters were established at White Oak Church, but were left temporarily in January, 1863, for the "Mud March," then reoccupied until the Chancellorsville movement in the following spring. In this battle the regiment served with the light brigade of the 6th corps and lost 142 killed, wounded or missing at Marye's heights. Returning to the old camp until May 21, the regiment left at that time for New York city and was there mustered out on June 4, 1863, the three years' men being transferred to the 121st New York infantry. The total strength of the regiment up to January, 1863, was 923 members and during its term of service it lost 68 who were killed or died of wounds and 30 who died from other causes.
Thirty-second Infantry.—Colonels. Roderick Matheson, Francis E. Pinto; Lieutenant-Colonels, Francis E. Pinto, George F. Lemon, Charles Hubbs; Majors, George F. Lemon, Charles Hubbs, Russell Myers. The 32d, the First California regiment, composed of three companies from New York city, two from Amsterdam, two from Ithaca, one from Tarrytown, one from Johnstown and one from New York and Tompkins county, was organized at New York city and mustered into the U. S. service for two years on May 31, 1861, at New Dorp, Staten Island. It left the state for Washington on June 29; was quartered there for a week and then encamped near Alexandria, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 5th division, Army of Northeastern Virginia; was engaged at Fairfax Court House, Bull Run, and at Munson's hill, and spent the winter at Fort Ward in Newton's brigade of Franklin's division. In March, 1862, with the 3d brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, Army of the Potomac, the regiment moved to Manassas; returned to Alexandria and embarked for the Peninsula; was engaged at West Point, with a loss of 67 killed, wounded or missing, and soon after was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 6th corps, with which it engaged in the Seven Days' battles; then went into camp at Harrison's landing until August 16, when it returned to Alexandria. The regiment participated in the battles of Crampton's gap, Antietam and Fredericksburg; went into winter quarters at Belle Plain; participated in the "Mud March," and on April 28, 1863, broke camp and joined the light brigade of the 6th corps for the Chancellorsville campaign, in which the 32nd lost 43 members killed, wounded or missing. It returned on May 8 to the camp at Belle Plain and on the 25th the three years' men were transferred to the 121st New York infantry. The two years men were mustered out at New York city on June 9, 1863. The total strength of the regiment up to January, 1863,. was 1,o40 members and it lost during its term of service 45 by death from wounds and 54 by death from other causes.
Thirty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Robert F. Taylor; Lieutenant-Colonels, Calvin Walker, Joseph W. Corning; Majors, Robert J. Mann, John S. Platner. The 33d, the "Ontario Regiment," was composed of companies from the northwestern part of the state and was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, July 3, 1861, for two years, to date from May 22, 1861. It left the state for Washington on July 8; was located at Camp Granger on 7th street until August 6; then moved to Camp Lyon near Chain bridge on the Potomac; was there assigned to Smith's brigade and was employed in construction work on Forts Ethan Allen and Marcy during September. At Camp Ethan Allen, September 25, the regiment became a part of the brigade commanded by Colonel Stevens in General Smith's division. Four days later it was in a skirmish with the enemy near Lewinsville, and on October 11, went into winter quarters at Camp Griffin near Lewinsville. The 3d brigade, under command of General Davidson, Smith's division, 4th corps, Army of the Potomac, left camp March 10, 1862, and moved to Manassas; then returned to Cloud's mills, where it embarked for the Peninsula on March 25. In the siege of Yorktown the regiment was active. It encountered the enemy at Lee's mill; participated in the battles of Williamsburg, Mechanicsville, and the Seven Days' fighting from Gaines' mill to Malvern hill; encamped at Harrison's landing from July 2 to August 16, and then left camp for Newport News. With Lieutenant-Colonel Corning temporarily in command of the brigade, the command moved to Hampton on August 21, then returned to Alexandria and took part in the Maryland campaign in September. At Crampton's gap and Antietam the regiment displayed its gallantry and lost in the latter battle 47 in killed, wounded and missing. In October it was stationed along the Potomac near Hagerstownj passed the first two weeks of November in camp at White Plains and the remainder of the month at Stafford Court House; moved toward Fredericksburg on December 3; fought there with the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 6th corps, to which it had been assigned in May, 1862; camped at White Oak Church until it joined the "Mud March" in January, 1863, and returned to winter quarters at White Oak Church. In the battle of Chancellorsville the regiment belonged to the light brigade and lost at Marye's heights 221 killed, wounded and missing. It returned to the old camp at White Oak Church, where on May 14 the three years' men were transferred to the 49th New York infantry and the two years' men were mustered out at Geneva, June 2, 1863. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,220 members, of whom 47 were killed or died of wounds during the term of service and 105 died from accident, imprisonment or disease. Thirty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, William La Due, James A. Suiter, Byron Laflin; Lieutenant-Colonels, James A. Suiter, Byron Laflin, John Beverly; Majors, Byron Laflin, Charles L. Brown, John Beverly, Wells Sponables. The 34th, the "Herkimer Regiment,"' was composed of five companies from Herkimer county, two from Steuben, one from Albany, one from Clinton and one from Essex county, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany June 15, 1861, for two years. It left the state for Washington on July 3; was quartered at Kalorama heights until July 28, when it moved to Seneca mills and was there assigned to General Stone's brigade. The regiment moved to Edwards ferry on October 21, to Poolesville, Maryland, October 23, and there established Camp McClellan, which was occupied until February 24, 1862, when orders were received to move to Harper's Ferry. From October 15, 1861, the regiment served in the 2nd brigade of Stone's division, which became in March, 1862, Sedgwick's division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac, and in May, 1862, the brigade became the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps. The early part of March, 1862, was spent in camp at Berryville, Virginia, and later in the month the regiment moved to Washington, where it was ordered to the Peninsula. It shared in the siege of Yorktown; lost 97 members killed, wounded or missing at Fair Oaks, and again lost heavily during the Seven Days' battles. It was then in camp at Harrison's landing until August 15, when it was ordered to Newport News, and there embarked for Acquia creek. Subsequently it returned to Alexandria and was again at the front during the Maryland campaign in September. At Antietam it lost 154 in killed, wounded and missing, of whom 41 were killed or mortally wounded—over 13 per cent, of the 311 engaged. On November 21, 1862, the regiment arrived at Falmouth; participated in the battle of Fredericksburg; then went into winter quarters near Falmouth; shared in the "Mud March;" returned to camp and remained there until the Chancellorsville movement in the spring of 1863. In April the regiment moved to Banks' ford; was active at Chancellorsville; returned home on June 9, and was mustered out at Albany June 30, 1863. the three years' men having been transferred to the 82nd New York infantry on June 8. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,016 members, of whom 93 were killed in action or died of wounds during the term of service and 69 died from other causes.
Thirty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, William C. Brown, Newton B. Lord. John G. Todd; Lieutenant-Colonels, Stephen L. Potter, Bradley Winslow, John G. Todd, David M. Evans; Majors, Newton B. Lord, John G. Todd, David M. Evans, Sidney J. Wendell. The 35th, known as the Jefferson county regiment, was composed of six companies from Jefferson, one from Lewis, one from Steuben, one from Madison county and one from New York city. Buffalo and Elmira, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, June n, 1861, for two years. It left the state on July 11, for Washington; camped on Meridian hill until July 23; moved to Arlington House and was brigaded first under Colonel Porter, then under Colonel Keyes, and finally under General Wadsworth in the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st corps; was engaged for a time in construction work on Forts Tillinghast and Craig, and moved on September 27 to Fall's Church, where it passed the winter of 1861-62. In March, 1862, camp was broken for the Manassas movement and in April the 35th proceeded to Falmouth. During the latter part of August, the regiment was in action at Rappahannock Station, Sulphur Springs, Gainesville, and participated in the second battle of Bull Run. It was present at Chantilly, but not closely engaged and then returned to Fall's Church. At South mountain the command lost 13 in killed, wounded and missing, and at Antietam the loss was 67. Until October 15, the regiment encamped at Sharpsburg, then moved to Brooks' station, and was held in reserve at Fredericksburg until the day of the battle, when the loss was 23 killed, wounded and missing. In January, 1863, the regiment was assigned to the provost guard brigade, which was stationed at Falmouth, and also performed guard duty along the Acquia Creek railroad. On May 18 the three years men were transferred to the 80th New York infantry, and the next day the regiment left Acquia Creek for Elmira, where it was mustered out on June 5, having lost 44 members by death from wounds and 56 from accident, imprisonment or disease, out of a total enrollment of 1,250.
Thirty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles H. Innes, William H. Brown; Lieutenant-Colonels, Thomas J. Lord, Daniel E. Hungerford, James Walsh; Majors, Nathaniel Finch, James A. Raney, Elihu J. Faxon, J. Townsend Daniel. The 36th, the "Washington Volunteers," was organized at New York city and contained eight companies from that city, one from Buffalo and one from Newburg. It was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city July 4, 1861. for two years, to date from June 11, and left the state July 12 for Washington, where it went into camp at Meridian hill, until August 6, when it was ordered to Brightwood, assigned to Couch's brigade and employed in construction work at Fort Massachusetts, in which vicinity it remained until March 13, 1862. It then became a part of the 3d brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, with which it served until June, when it was attached to the 1st brigade of the same division. It embarked for Fortress Monroe on March 26, 1862; participated in the siege of Yorktown; the battles of Lee's mill and Fair Oaks, losing in the latter 48 in killed, wounded and missing; and went through the Seven Days' battles. At Malvern hill the regiment was first ordered to support the 1st New York battery and later made a brilliant charge, capturing 65 prisoners and the colors of the 14th N. C., for which the command received high praise from the commanding officers. The loss during the battle of Malvern hill was 143 in killed, wounded and missing. Camp was occupied at Harrison's landing until August 16, when the regiment was ordered to Alexandria and a detachment of the 36th sent to Chantilly, where it was in action September 1. The regiment was reunited at Antietam as part of Couch's division, and served with the 1st brigade, 3d division, 6th corps, until December, when it became a part of the 2nd brigade of the same division. It was active during the battle of Fredericksburg; then went into camp at Falmouth; joined in the "Mud March" in January, 1863; returned to Falmouth for the remainder of the winter; joined in the assault on Marye's heights in May, making a successful charge with the flying division on the 3d and engaging at Salem heights on the 4th. It again returned to camp at Falmouth, but in June proceeded by arduous marches to Poolesville, Maryland, from which place it started home early in July and was mustered out at New York city, July 15, 1863. The total loss of the regiment during its term of service was 37 who died of wounds and 31 from other causes.
Thirty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, John H. McCunn, Samuel B. Hayman; Lieutenant-Colonels, John Burke, Gilbert Riordan; Majors, Dennis C. Minton, Gilbert Riordan, Patrick H. Jones. William DeLacy. The 37th, the "Irish Rifles," was composed of seven companies from New York city, two from Cattaraugus county, one from Pulaski, and was mustered into the U. S. service on June 6 and 7, 1861, at New York city, for a two years' term. It left New York on June 23 for Washington; camped at the foot of East Capitol street; participated in the first movement to Manassas in General McDowell's reserves and went into winter quarters near Bailey's cross-roads. After several temporary assignments the regiment finally became a part of the 3d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, and in March, 1862, embarked for Fortress Monroe. It was active in the siege operations before Yorktown and at Williamsburg it won complimentary mention from General Kearny for gallantry in action. The loss in this battle was 95 killed, wounded and missing. At Fair Oaks and in the Seven Days' battles the regiment was closely engaged, after which it went into camp at Harrison's landing; moved from there to Alexandria; was present at the battles of Bull Run and Chantilly; reached Falmouth December 6, 1862; was active at Fredericksburg with a total loss of 35 members; and encamped near Falmouth during the rest of the winter. On December 24, 1862, the regiment received the veterans of the 101st New York The heaviest loss was suffered in the Chancel lorsville campaign in May, 1863, when 222 of the 37th were killed, wounded or missing. The three years men were transferred to the 40th New York on May 29, 1863, and on June 22, the regiment was mustered out at New York city, having lost 26 by death from wounds and 38 from accident, imprisonment or disease.
Thirty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, J. H. Hobart Ward, James C. Strong, Regis De Trobriand; Lieutenant-Colonels, Addison Farnsworth, James C. Strong, James D. Potter, Robert F. Allison; Majors, James D. Potter, William H. Baird, Augustus Funk, George H. Starr, Francis Jehl. The 38th, the 2nd Scott's Life Guard, composed of seven companies from New York city, one from Geneva, one from Horseheads and one from Elizabethtown, was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city, June 3 and 8, 1861, for two years, and left the state for Washington on the 19th. It went into camp on Meridian hill until July 7, when it was ordered to Alexandria and assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, Army of Northeastern Virginia, and was active at the first battle of Bull Run, where it lost 128 in killed, wounded and missing. During August and September the regiment was employed in construction work at Forts Ward and Lyons in Howard's brigade, and in October was assigned to Sedgwick's brigade, Heintzelman's division. The winter camp was established in October, 1861, on the old Fairfax road and occupied until March, 1862, when, with the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 3d corps, the regiment embarked for Fortress Monroe. It participated in the siege of Yorktown; the battle of Williamsburg, where the loss of the command was 88 in killed, wounded and missing; shared in the engagement at Fair Oaks, and in the Seven Days' battles, after which it encamped at Harrison's landing until August 15. From there it moved to Yorktown and Alexandria; was active at the second Bull Run and Chantilly; reached Falmouth on November 25, and at Fredericksburg, lost 133 members killed, wounded and missing. On December 22, 1862, the regiment received the addition of four companies of the 55th New York, which were added to the six companies of the 38th formed by consolidation of the regiment on December 21. It participated in the "Mud March;" returned to camp near Falmouth; engaged in the Chancellorsville campaign; was then stationed at Acquia Creek until the troops started for New York on June 4 and was mustered out at New York city, on the 22nd. The three years men were transferred to the 40th New York infantry, of which regiment they became Cos. A, E and H. The total strength of the regiment was 796 and it lost 75 by death from wounds and 46 from other causes.
Thirty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Frederick G. D'Utassy, Augustus Funk; Lieutenant-Colonels, Alexander Repetti, Charles Schwartz, James G. Hughes, John McE. Hyde, David A. Allen; Majors, Charles Wiegand, Anton Vekey, Charles Schwartz, Hugo Hillebrandt, Charles C. Baker, John McE. Hyde, David A. Allen, Charles H. Ballou. The 39th, the "Garibaldi Guard," recruited in New York city, was composed of three Hungarian companies, three German, one Swiss, one Italian, one French, one Spanish and one Portuguese, most of whose members had already seen active service. It was mustered into the U. S. service at New York, May 28, 1861, for three years and left the state for Washington on the same day. Camp Grinnell was established near Alexandria and occupied until July 17, when the 39th participated in the movement of the army toward Manassas with the 1st brigade, 5th division, though in the battle of Bull Run the regiment was but slightly engaged. After a few weeks at Alexandria much ill feeling prevailed over the failure to receive some expected privileges and 50 members of Co. G mutinied, but returned to the command after being disciplined by arrest and imprisonment. Until November it was encamped near Roach's mills, when winter quarters were established at Hunter's Chapel. The brigade, originally commanded by General Blenker, was in the spring of 1862 commanded by General Stahel and served in Blenker's division of Sumner's corps. In April, 1862, the division was assigned to General Fremont's command and joined his forces May 11, taking part in the engagements near Strasburg and at Cross Keys. On June 26 the 39th was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps of the army under General Pope, and encamped at Middletown, Virginia, during July and August. The regiment shared in the disaster at Harper's Ferry in September, 1862, and in the surrender 530 of its members fell into the hands of the enemy, but were paroled and proceeded to Camp Douglas, Chicago. They were exchanged in November, returned to Washington and established winter quarters at Centerville, where the regiment was assigned to the 3d brigade, Casey's division, 3d corps in January, 1863. In June, 1863, it became part of the 3d brigade, 3d division, 2d corps, and moved to Gettysburg, where it fought valiantly in the front of the left center, with a loss of 95 killed and wounded, the brigade losing six field officers killed or seriously wounded. Three battle flags were captured by the 39th, a Mass. battery was recaptured, and the regiment received official commendation for its valor. Moving southward with the army, the regiment encountered the enemy at Auburn ford and Bristoe Station in October; participated in the Mine Run campaign; went into winter quarters at Brandy Station, where in Dec, 1863, four new companies were received; in January, 1864, two others were added to the regiment, which had been previously consolidated into a battalion of four companies. In February it was active at Morton's ford; was assigned in March to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps; shared in the Wilderness campaign, being active at the Wilderness, at Todd's tavern, the Po river, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor. On June 25, 1864, the original members not reenlisted were mustered out at New York city, the remainder of the regiment was left in the field and moved with the Army of the Potomac to Petersburg. Seven companies, known as the 39th battalion, were assigned to the consolidated brigade, 2nd corps, and were engaged at Petersburg, Deep Bottom, at Reams' station, Hatcher's run, White Oak ridge, and in the final assault on the Petersburg fortifications April 2, 1865. The battalion then joined in the pursuit of Lee's army and performed various routine duties in the vicinity of Richmond until July 1, 1865, when it was mustered out at Alexandria. The 39th lost during its term of service 119 by death from wounds, and 159 by death from accident, imprisonment or disease, of whom 94 died in prison.
Fortieth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward J. Riley, Thomas W. Eagan, Madison M. Cannon; Lieutenant-Colonels, Thomas W. Eagan, Nelson A. Gesner, P. Allen Lindsay, Augustus J. Warner, Madison M. Cannon, Thomas Crawford; Majors, Richard T. Halstead; Albert S. Ingalls, P. Allen Lindsay, Augustus J. Warner, Emmons F. Fletcher, Madison M. Cannon, Thomas Crawford, Augustus W. Keene. The 40th, the "Mozart Regiment," recruited in New York city, received four Massachusetts companies into its organization and went into camp at Yonkers, where it was mustered into the U. S. service June 14 to 27, 1861, for three years. On July 4 it left the state for Washington, numbering 1,000 members and after a short encampment at Washington, was ordered to Alexandria, where during the summer it was engaged in the construction of Fort Ward and in guard duty along the Orange & Alexandria railroad. It was assigned on August 4, to Howard's brigade, Potomac division, but was later attached to Sedgwick's brigade. Heintzelman's division, and passed the winter near Alexandria. In March, 1862, with the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 3d corps, Army of the Potomac, it embarked for Yorktown and was there engaged in the duties of the siege. The regiment was closely engaged at Williamsburg and during that month the brigade was assigned to the 1st division, 3d corps, with which it participated in the battle of Fair Oaks, where the 40th lost 24 in killed or mortally wounded out of five companies engaged. The regiment fought through the Seven Days' battles with a Toss of 100 killed, wounded and missing and rested for a few weeks at Harrison's landing before entering upon the campaign in Virginia under General Pope. At the second Bull Run 244 members of the regiment were engaged and 86 were reported among the lost. At Chantilly the total loss was 61, but the gallant conduct of the 40th and the 1st saved the day, and the regiment received the highest official praise. At Fredericksburg the total loss was 123. The regiment shared in the "Mud March" and then gathered its scattered heroes together to winter at Falmouth. The recruits for the 87th New York had been added to the 40th in September, 1862, and after the battle of Chancellorsville, in which the loss was again severe, the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of five companies. On May 30, 1863, the three years men of the 37th and 38th New York were assigned to the 40th, as were members of the 55th and 101st. As part of the 3d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, Army of the Potomac, from May, 1863, the regiment proceeded from Chancellorsville to Gettysburg, where it again distinguished itself for bravery with a loss of 150 killed, wounded or missing. It was active at Kelly's ford and in the Mine Run campaign, after which winter quarters were established near Brandy Station, where in December, the major portion of the members of the regiment reenlisted. Many new recruits were also received during the winter, and at the opening of the Wilderness campaign in the spring of 1864 the regiment took the field with greatly replenished ranks. In March of that year it was assigned to the 1st brigade. 3d division, 2nd corps; was active at the Wilderness with the loss of 213 killed, wounded and missing; and fought in the engagements at Spottsylvania, the Po river, the North Anna, Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor. In July, 1864, the original members not reenlisted were mustered out at New York city and the regiment was consolidated into six companies, which soon received additional reinforcement by the addition of the veterans of the 74th New York The veteran regiment served before Petersburg until the fall of the city, being engaged at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Poplar Spring Church, Boydton Road, the Hicksford raid, Hatcher's run, Fort Stedman, White Oak ridge, in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2. 1865, and the pursuit of Lee to Appomattox. The regiment was mustered out at Washington, June 27, 1865, having gallantly acquitted itself through four years of almost constant fighting, and having well earned its right to be called a "Fighting Regiment" through the loss of more men killed and wounded than any other New York regiment save one— the 69th. Only through the addition of troop after troop of veterans was it able to preserve its organization, but its reputation for courage made assignment to its ranks a privilege. The total death loss of the command during its term of service was 238 killed or died of wounds and 172 from accident, imprisonment or disease.
Forty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Leopold Von Gilsa; Lieutenant-Colonels, Emil Duysing, Ernst Von Holmstedt. Dettler Von Einsiedel; Majors, Ernst Von Holmstedt, Dettler Von Einsiedel, Frederick Menshausen. The 41st, known as the De Kalb regiment, was organized in New York city and was composed of German soldiers, mainly veterans of the war between Prussia and Denmark, 1848-51. It was mustered into the U. S. service at New York June 6-9, 1861, for three years, and left the state for Washington July 8, containing besides the New York companies, one company from Philadelphia and one from Newark, N. J. At Camp Runyon, near Washington, the regiment was assigned to the 4th division of the Army of Northeastern Virginia, with which it was present at the first battle of Bull Run, though held in reserve. On August 4, it was assigned to Sherman's brigade, on October 15, to Martindale's, and in March, 1862, to Blenker's brigade, Sedgwick's division. Sumner's corps, which in April, with General Blenker in command of the division, was attached to Fremont's forces. In the consolidation under General Pope in August, 1862, the brigade became the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, with which the 41st was engaged at Strasburg and Cross Keys, meeting with its first considerable loss. It was active at Rappahannock Station, Sulphur springs, Waterloo bridge, Groveton and the second Bull Run, losing in the last named 103 killed, wounded and missing. It was then assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 11th corps; was held in reserve during the battle of Fredericksburg; encamped at Falmouth for the winter and participated in the Chancellorsville campaign in May, 1863. Gettysburg was the next battle in which the command was engaged, with the loss of 75 in killed, wounded and missing. In September, 1863, the regiment was ordered to join the Department of the South at Folly island, S. C, and was there assigned to the 1st brigade, Gordon's division, 10th corps. A year was spent in this division, during which time the regiment took part in the operations against Fort Wagner, and the further operations in Charleston harbor. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Hilton Head, S. C., June 9, 1864, and the veterans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of six companies. For a considerable portion of the time the troops were stationed on John's island, but in August., 1864, were ordered to return to Virginia and on September 27 the battalion joined the Army of the Shenandoah. In the winter of 1864-65 it formed part of the 1st brigade, Ferrero's division, and was posted in the defenses of Bermuda Hundred. It was mustered out at City Point, Virginia, December 9, 1865. The regiment lost during its term of service 72 by death from wounds and 73 from other causes.
Forty-second Infantry.—Colonels, William D. Kennedy, Milton Cogswell, Edmund C. Charles, James E. Mallon, William A. Lynch; Lieutenant-Colonels, Michael Doheny, James I. Mooney, George M. Bomford, William A. Lynch, Robert C. Wright; Majors, Peter Bo we, James E. Mallon, Patrick J. Downing. The 42d, the "Tammany Regiment," was recruited in New York city; mustered into the U. S. service at Great Neck, L. I., June 22-28, 1861, for three years; was quartered on Long Island for nearly a month, embarking on July 18 for Washington, where it remained in camp but a short time, when it was ordered to Poolville, Maryland, and assigned to Stone's brigade. On October 15, the regiment became a part of Gorman's brigade, Stone's division, Army of the Potomac. It behaved gallantly in the battle of Ball's Bluff, but met with the heavy loss of 133 in killed, wounded and missing, including Colonel Baker, Colonel Cogswell and Captain Garety. In January, 1862, the regiment was attached to Burns' brigade of its old division and in March, to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac, with which it participated in the Peninsular campaign. It was active in the operations before Yorktown, the battle of West Point, and during the Seven Days' battles, losing at Glendale 56 in killed, wounded and missing. In the battle of Antietam the regiment met with the heaviest loss of its entire service—181 killed, wounded or missing, out of 345 engaged in the charge under General Sedgwick which proved so fatal. At Fredericksburg the regiment was more fortunate, although 22 were killed or wounded. The winter was passed in camp near Falmouth and in May, 1863, broke camp for the Chancellorsville campaign, in which the regiment was active at Marye's heights and Salem Church. At Gettysburg, under command of Colonel Mallon, the regiment received high commendation for heroic conduct but at the cost of a total loss of 74 members. On the southward march, the 42nd was engaged at Auburn, at Bristoe Station, where Colonel Mallon was killed, shared in the operations^ about Mine Run, fought at Robertson's tavern, and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. A large number of the men reenlisted in Dec, 1864. Camp was broken May 3, 1864, for the Wilderness campaign, in which the regiment, assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, conducted itself with courage and steadiness throughout the month of arduous service which culminated at Cold Harbor, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Laurel Hill, the North Anna, Totopotomoy, all being fields of action for the 42nd. On July 13, 1864, the original members not reenlisted were mustered out at New York city and the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 82nd New York, which had also won an enviable reputation for fighting qualities. The total strength of the regiment was 1,210 members, of whom 718 were killed, wounded or captured, 152 being killed or dying of wounds and 106 dying of accident, disease or imprisonment. The regiment is numbered by Colonel Fox among the "three hundred fighting regiments" and during its service always reflected credit on the state which sent it forth.
Forty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Francis L. Vinton, Benjamin F. Baker, John Wilson, Charles A. Milliken; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles H. Pierson, Benjamin F. Baker, John Wilson, John Fryer, James D. Visscher, Volkert V. Van Patten, Charles A. Milliken, William H. Terrell; Majors, Benjamin F. Baker, John Wilson, John Fryer, William Wallace, John L. Newman, Volkert V. Van Patten, Charles A. Milliken, Samuel Davidson, William Russell. The 43d, the "Albany Rifles," contained five companies from Albany, two from New York city, one from Montgomery county, one from Washington county and one from Otsego county and was organized at Albany, where it was mustered into the U. S. service in August and September, 1861, for three years, and left the state for Washington, 700 strong, September 21. It went into camp at Alexandria, Virginia, being first assigned to Hancock's brigade, Smith's division, 4th corps, Army of the Potomac, and in May, 1862, to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 6th corps, with which it participated in the siege of Yorktown, fought at Lee's mill, Williamsburg, and in the Seven Days' battles, losing in that week 71 killed, wounded and missing. Owing to reduction in numbers, the regiment was consolidated on July 18, 1862, into a battalion of five companies. The 43d took part in the battle of Antietam, went into camp at Sharpsburg, Maryland, where five new companies joined it in October, and was next actively engaged at Fredericksburg, after which it established winter quarters at Falmouth. As part of the light brigade, 6th corps, it fought in the Chancellorsville campaign, losing 138 men at Salem Church, and 66 in the assault upon Marye's heights. It again encountered the enemy at Deep Run crossing in June, when the loss of the light brigade was so severe that it was broken up and the 43d was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 6th corps, with which it continued to serve during its term of enlistment. The brigade reached Gettysburg on July 2, after a forced march, and went into action the next day. During the autumn of 1863, it encountered the enemy at Rappahannock Station, Locust Grove, Auburn and Mine Run, and finally established winter quarters at Brandy Station in December, when 217 members reenlisted and immediately received their veteran furlough. Camp was broken on May 3, 1864, for the Wilderness campaign which proved to be the most fatal for the 43d of any during its service. In the battle of the Wilderness the total loss was 198 members, including 3 field officers killed or mortally wounded. Although reduced to an effective force of 7 officers and 92 men, the regiment was active at Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy and Cold Harbor and shared in the first assault on Petersburg. _ At the time of Early's raid, the 6th corps was hurried to Washington and repulsed the enemy at Port Stevens, where Colonel Visscher, and 5 enlisted men were killed and 29 wounded. Continuing the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, the regiment was engaged at Charlestown, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, and Cedar Creek. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Albany, September 29, 1864, and 15 officers and 400 veterans and recruits remained in the field, in camp at Winchester. On December 5, the regiment returned to Petersburg and was posted near Fort Stedman. It shared in the final assault April 2, 1865, in the battle of Sailor's creek, and was present at the surrender of Lee's Army at Appomattox. The 6th corps was then stationed for a short time at Danville, Virginia, after which it participated in the grand review of the Union armies at Washington, where the 43d was mustered out on June 27, 1865. The total strength of the regiment was 2,327 members, of whom 692 were killed, wounded or captured, 94 died from accident or disease, and 27 perished in prison. The deserved reputation of the 43d as a crack fighting regiment is confirmed by Colonel Fox, who names it one of the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Forty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Stephen W. Stryker, James C. Rice, Freeman Conner; Lieutenant-Colonels, James C. Rice, Edward P. Chapin, Freeman Conner, Edward B. Knox; Majors, Stephen W. Stryker, James McKown, Edward P. Chapin, Freeman Conner, Edward B. Knox, Campbell Allen. The 44th regiment, known as Ellsworth's Avengers, was organized at Albany under the auspices of the Ellsworth association of the State of New York, which planned to raise a memorial regiment to be composed of one man from each town and ward, unmarried, not over 30 years of age or under 5 feet, 8 inches in height, and of military experience. This plan was adhered to as far as possible and two companies from Albany county, two from Erie county, one from Herkimer county, and a large number of scattered squads reported at Albany in response to the request. These companies were mustered into the service of the United States at Albany in August and September, 1861, for three years, and two new companies from Albany were mustered in October 21, 1862. The regiment, numbering 1,o61 men, left Albany on October 21, 1861, for Washington and upon its arrival there was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, later with the 5th corps. Camp was established on October 28, at Hall's hill, Virginia, and the winter was passed there with routine duties. On March 10, 1862, the regiment led the advance to Centerville, but soon returned to Fairfax and proceeded thence to Yorktown, arriving on April 1. From May 5 to 19, the 44th garrisoned Fort Magruder; then moved to Gaines' mill; was engaged at Hanover Court House, with the loss of 86 killed, wounded and missing; participated in the Seven Days' battles with a total loss of 56 at Gaines' mill and 99 at Malvern Hill, out of 225 engaged in the last named battle. Returning to Alexandria, the regiment moved by way of Fortress Monroe to Manassas, and in the battle of August 30 lost 71 killed, wounded or missing. It was in reserve at Antietam; was active at Shepherdstown, and Fredericksburg; shared in the hardships of Burnside's "Mud March," and returned to winter quarters at Stoneman's switch, near Falmouth. Camp was broken on April 27, 1863, for the Chancellorsville campaign, the 44th being in the lead during the general movement of the army and sharing in the fighting, after which it returned for a short rest to the camp at Stoneman's switch. In June, the veterans of the 14th and 25th New York were added to the 44th. At Gettysburg the regiment was posted on the left of the line and joined in the defense of Little Round Top, where it met with its greatest loss—ill killed, wounded and missing. After spending some weeks in camp at Emmitsburg, the command was present at the battle of Bristoe Station, active at Rappahannock Station and in the Mine Run campaign, and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. In Dec, 1863. a large number of the men reenlisted and rejoined the regiment in camp after their veteran furlough. May, 1864, was the month of the memorable Wilderness campaign, in which the regiment served faithfully, suffering most severely at the Wilderness and at Bethesda Church. By this time the regiment had become greatly reduced in numbers by hard service and the loss in this campaign, while not so large in numbers as in previous battles, was even greater in proportion to the number of men engaged. The regiment was active in the first assault on Petersburg in June, 1864, at the Weldon railroad, and at Poplar Spring Church. On October 11, 1864, the 44th was mustered out at Albany and the veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion, of which 266 men were transferred to the 140th and 183 to the 146th New York The total strength of the regiment was 1,585, of whom 188 died during the term of service from wounds received in action, and 147 died from accident, imprisonment or disease. The total loss in killed, wounded and missing was 730. The men chosen for this command were of the flower of the state and displayed their heroism on many a desperately contested field, where they won laurels for themselves and for their state. Colonel Fox numbers the 44th among the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Forty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, George Von Amsberg, Adolphus Dobke; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward C. Wratislaw, Adolphus Dobke, Charles Koch, Joseph Sprangenburgh; Majors, Charles Sempsey, Adolphus Dobke, Charles Koch, Gustavus Korn. The 45th, the 5th German Rifles, recruited in New York city, was composed mainly of Germans and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city September 9, 1861, for a three years' term. A month was passed in camp at Jones' wood and October 9, the regiment left for Washington, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 5th division and encamped at Hunter's Chapel, Virginia. for the winter. In April, 1862, the 45th was transferred to the Mountain Department under General Fremont and arrived at Winchester on April 19, remaining there until May 1. It participated in the battle of Cross Keys and then retired to Middletown, where many of the men were on the sick list, owing to the constant, severe marches with insufficient food to which the troops had been subjected. Attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, Army of Virginia, the regiment was ordered to Sperryville, Madison Court House, Gordonsville, Cuylersville, Cedar mountain and White Sulphur springs, took part in the second battle of Bull Run, and then encamped at Lewinsville from September 3 to 21. It was next stationed until November 3 at Centerville, where the brigade and division became a part of the nth corps, Army of the Potomac, and were successively posted at Thoroughfare gap, Aldie and Chantilly. On December n, as part of General Sigel's reserves, the 45th arrived at Falmouth and after the battle of Fredericksburg was withdrawn to Stafford Court House, where winter quarters were established. In the Chancellorsville movement in May, 1863, the 45th was closely engaged with a loss of 76 in killed, wounded and missing, and in June it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, nth corps and marched to Gettysburg, where it participated in the three days' battle with the loss of 224 in killed, wounded and missing. Gathering together its scattered ranks the regiment moved west and in October participated in the battle of Wauhatchie, Tennessee. It then moved to Chattanooga, shared in the Rossville campaign, and was present at Missionary ridge in November. At the opening of the Atlanta campaign in the spring of 1864, the 45th was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 20th corps, with which it served until July, being in action at Resaca, Dallas and Kennesaw mountain. In July it was attached to the Department of the Cumberland at Nashville and remained there until the close of the war. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out on October 8, 1864, but the command was retained as a veteran regiment until June 30, 1865, when it was consolidated with the 58th New York and with it mustered out at Nashville October 1, 1865. During the term of service the regiment lost 53 by death from wounds and 108 by death from other causes.
Forty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Rudolph Rosa, Joseph Gerhardt, George W. Travers; Lieutenant-Colonels, Germain Metternich, Joseph Gerhardt, George W. Travers, Ambrose Stevens, Adolph Becker; Majors, Joseph Gerhardt, Julius Parcus, Theodore Kohle, Ambrose Stevens, Peter French. The 46th, known as the Fremont Rifle regiment was composed of Germans, recruited in New York city, where the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service on July 29 to September 16, 1861, for a three years' term. It left on September 16, 800 strong, for Washington, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, Sherman's division and quartered at Annapolis. Early in November it was assigned to the Department of the South, embarked for Hilton Head, where it arrived on the 7th after a stormy voyage, and was stationed there until the following month, when it was moved to Tybee island, Georgia, remaining there during the winter of 1861-62, and participating in the siege of Fort Pulaski. In June, 1862 it was sent to James island, S. C., where it was engaged on the 8th. It next was in action at Secessionville, and in July was ordered to return to Newport News, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 9th corps, with which it took part in the battles of Sulphur springs, Bull Run (second), Chantilly, South mountain and Antietam. In September, it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps and in November, to the 2nd brigade once more. It was held in reserve at Fredericksburg, and then went into winter quarters at Falmouth. About the middle of June, 1863, the corps joined General Grant at Vicksburg. There the regiment participated in the siege operations, then in the pursuit to Jackson and the fighting in that vicinity in July. In June it was transferred to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, and in August, returned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division. After the fall of Vicksburg the corps was ordered to Knoxville, being engaged on the march at Blue Springs and Campbell's station. The 46th was stationed at Knoxville during the siege, and during the winter the major portion of the regiment reenlisted and received veteran furlough. Upon the return of the 9th corps from Knoxville to Cincinnati, in April, 1864, the original members of the 46th not reenlisted proceeded to New York and were there mustered out on April 12. The veteran regiment served with the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 5th corps, Army of the Potomac, from May 30 to June 11, 1864; was then attached to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 9th corps, with which it served until September, and was then transferred to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 9th corps. It was active at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, and Cold Harbor; suffered heavy loss at Petersburg in the assaults of June 16-19, and at the mine explosion in July; participated in the actions at the Weldon railroad, Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's run, Fort Stedman, and the final assault on April 2, 1865. Soon after the fall of Petersburg, the regiment was ordered to Washington, where it was mustered out July 28, 1865. The total loss of the regiment was 327 killed, wounded and missing, 109 members dying from wounds during the term of service and 89 from other causes.
Forty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Henry Moore, James L. Frazer, Henry Wood, Christopher R. McDonald; Lieutenant-Colonels, James L. Frazer, Pierce C. Kane, George B. Van Brunt, Albert B. Nicholas, Christopher R. McDonald, Joseph McDonald; Majors, Daniel Lloyd, Pierce C. Kane, George B. Van Brunt, David Allen, Christopher R. McDonald, Edward Eddy, Jr., Charles A. Moore, Frank A. Butts. The 47th, the "Washington Grays," was recruited in New York and Brooklyn and mustered into the U. S. service at East New York, September 14, 1861, for a three years' term. It left the state September 15, with 678 members, for Washington, and with the 1st brigade of Sherman's division, embarked for Hilton Head in October, and arrived there on November 3. It was stationed at Hilton Head until January 1, 1862, when it was ordered to Beaufort, S. C., to participate in the operations against Port Royal ferry and then returned to Hilton Head. Early in February the regiment moved to Edisto island and remained there until ordered to James island in June, where it became a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division and was engaged at Secessionville. On July 1 it returned to Hilton Head, where it performed guard and picket duty during the ensuing fall and winter. It was active in the assault on Fort Wagner in July, 1863, and was stationed in that vicinity during the remainder of the year. In the Florida expedition in February, 1864, the regiment suffered a loss at Olustee of 313 in killed, wounded and missing. After proceeding up the St. John's river as far as Palatka, the expedition returned to Hilton Head. In April the 47th was ordered to Virginia and assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps, Army of the James, at Bermuda Hundred. On May 25, the division was assigned to the 18th corps and after several encounters near Bermuda Hundred, notably at Port Walthall Junction, the regiment joined the Army of the Potomac just before the battle of Cold Harbor, in which it bore an active part. On June 15, it was transferred to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps; took part in the first assault on Petersburg; was present at the mine explosion, July 30; and was active in engagements at Strawberry Plains, Fort Harrison and on the Darbytown road. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out in July, 1864, but the veterans and recruits continued as a regiment in the, field. In Dec, 1864, in the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 24th corps the regiment was ordered to Fort Fisher, N. C., and played its part in the reduction of that stronghold. The 47th passed the remaining months of its service in the Carolinas, being present at Smithfield, Fort Anderson, Wilmington, Cox's bridge and Bennett's house, and on April 2, 1865, was attached to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps. It was mustered out at Raleigh, N. C., August 30, 1865, after four years of faithful and efficient service to the Union Cause. During its term of service the regiment lost 93 by death from wounds and 157 from other causes.
Forty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, James H. Perry, William B. Barton, William B. Coan; Lieutenant-Colonels, William B. Barton, Oliver F. Beard, James F. Green, Dudley W. Strickland, William B. Coan, Nere A. Elfwing; Majors, Oliver F. Beard, James F. Greene, Dudley W. Strickland, William B. Coan, Samuel M. Swartwout, Nere A. Elfwing, Albert F. Miller, James A. Barrett. The 48th, the "Continental Guard," contained seven Brooklyn companies, one from New York, one from Monmouth county, N. J., and one from Brooklyn and Monmouth county. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Brooklyn August 16 to September 14, 1861, for three years; left the state for Washington September 16; was attached to the 1st brigade of General Sherman's force; embarked for Port Royal late in October, and was active in the capture of the fortifications of Port Royal ferry January 1, 1862. In the siege operations against Fort Pulaski, Georgia, the 48th took a prominent part and after the fall of the fortress was assigned to garrison duty there, with expeditions in September and October to Bluffton, Cranston's bluff and Mackay's point. In June, 1863, the regiment with the exception of Cos. G and I, left Fort Pulaski and proceeded to Hilton Head, where it was there attached to Strong's brigade, 10th corps, with which it participated in the movement against Fort Wagner in July. In the assault of July 18, the loss of the 48th was 242 killed, wounded and missing, including Colonel Barton wounded and Lieutenant-Colonel Green killed. The regiment received high praise from the commanding officers for its gallantry in this action. In August it formed a part of the Florida expedition; was posted for some time at St. Augustine; participated in the disastrous battle at Olustee, with a loss of 44 in killed, wounded and missing; then retired to Jacksonville; proceeded up the river to Palatka on March 10, 1864, remained there until April when it was transferred to the Army of the James at Bermuda Hundred, and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps. In the engagement at Port Walthall Junction the regiment again showed its mettle by heroic conduct in spite of severe loss. On May 30 it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 18th corps, and on June 15, to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps. It took a prominent part in the battle of Cold Harbor; was in the first assault on Petersburg and in action at the explosion of the mine; and was engaged at Strawberry Plains and Fort Harrison. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at New York city on September 24, 1864, but 350 members having reenlisted in Dec, 1863, the regiment retained its organization. In Dec, 1864, with the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, _ 24th corps, the 48th was ordered to Fort Fisher, N. C., was active in the capture of the fortifications there in January, 1865, and served for some months in that vicinity. In March it was attached to the provisional corps, in April to the 10th corps and during the summer months performed various routine duties in the neighborhood of Raleigh, N. C., where it was finally mustered out on September 1, 1865. During its term of service 2,173 members were enrolled, and of these 236 or over 10 per cent, were killed or mortally wounded in action, a loss exceeded among the regiments of the state only by the 69th and 40th. It was 17th in the list of all of the regiments of the Union armies in total loss. In the battles of the regiment 868 men were reported killed, wounded or missing, and it earned by desperate fighting its right to be known as a crack fighting regiment.
Forty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Daniel D. Bidwell, Erastus D. Holt, George H. Selkirk; Lieutenant-Colonels, William C. Alberger, George W. Johnson, Erastus D. Holt, George H. Selkirk, Thomas Cluney; Majors, George W. Johnson, William Ellis, Andrew W. Brazee, George H. Selkirk, Solomon W. Russell, Jr. The 49th, the 2nd Buffalo regiment, contained four companies from Chautauqua county, four from Erie, one from Westchester and one from Niagara county and was mustered into the U. S. service at Buffalo, September 18, 1861, for a three years' term. It left Buffalo September 20 for Washington, was there assigned to the 3d brigade, Smith's division, with which it remained throughout its term of service. In March, 1862, the brigade and division were attached to the 4th corps and in May to the 6th corps. The regiment was first engaged at Lewinsville, Virginia, in October, 1861, after which it encamped near Lewinsville until March, 1862, when it was ordered to Alexandria and from there to the Peninsula. It performed trench duty at Yorktown; was in support during the battles of Lee's mill and Williamsburg; participated in the Seven Days' battles, and went into camp at Harrison's landing until the middle of August, when it was withdrawn to Alexandria. In September the regiment joined the Army of the Potomac in Maryland; fought at Crampton's gap, Antietam, and Fredericksburg; spent the winter near White Oak Church; took part in the Chancellorsville campaign in May, 1863, losing 35 members killed, wounded or missing, and left Virginia on June 13 for Gettysburg. The regiment was there in support of the artillery, and after the battle joined in the pursuit, reaching Warrenton, Virginia, late in the month of July. After a fortnight in camp there it proceeded to Culpeper, engaging the enemy at Rappahannock Station on the march. Winter quarters were established at Brandy Station in Dec, 1863, and during that month 175 members reenlisted, securing the continuance of the regiment in the field as a veteran organization. On May 4, 1864, it broke camp for the Wilderness campaign and during the next two days lost 89 in killed, wounded and missing. At Spottsylvania the total loss was 121 members, and in these two battles 10 officers were killed, including Major Ellis, who fell at Spottsylvania. After the battle of Cold Harbor the regiment reported a loss of 61 killed, 155 wounded and 30 missing, out of 384 who had left Brandy Station. It proceeded to Petersburg and participated in the first assault. In July, with the 6th corps, it was ordered to Washington and arrived in time to assist in the defense of Fort Stevens, where Lieutenant-Col Johnson, the commander, was killed. Continuing its service in the Shenandoah valley the regiment was active at Charlestown, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek, where Colonel Bidwell was killed. The original members not reenlisted returned to New York in October and were there mustered out on the 18th. The veterans were consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which was ordered to Petersburg, where it participated in the siege operations until the fall of the city. In the final assault on April 2, 1865, Colonel Holt was killed. The 3d brigade, to which the 49th belonged, was remarkably unfortunate in the loss of 72 officers in the five regiments of which it was composed. The 49th was mustered out at Washington on June 27, 1865, having lost 141 by death from wounds, and 180 by death from other causes, out of a total enrollment of 1,312. Colonel Fox numbers it among the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Fiftieth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles B. Stuart, William H. Pettes; Lieutenant-Colonels, William H. Pettes, Ira Spaulding; Majors, Frederick E. Embrick, Ira Spaulding, George W. Ford, Orrin E. Hine. Wesley Brainard, William W. Folwell, Edmund O. Beers, James H. McDonald. The 50th, known as Stuart's regiment, and later as the 50th engineers, was organized at Elmira, of companies from the middle and western parts of the state, which were mustered into the U. S. service September 18, 1861, for a three years' term. It left the state 850 strong, September 21, for Washington; was ordered to Hall's hill, Virginia, and assigned to the 3d brigade of General Porter's division. On October 22, the regiment was converted by special orders from the war department into a regiment of engineers and ordered to Washington, where instruction was received by the men in their new duties. In March, 1862, with the volunteer engineers' brigade, Army of the Potomac, the 50th moved to Yorktown and worked faithfully in digging trenches, constructing bridges and earthworks, etc., until the evacuation of that city. At White House the command was divided into several detachments, which were engaged in escort duty and bridge building until reunited at Dispatch Station on June 1, when the regiment was employed in providing for the passage of the troops over the Chickahominy. It accompanied the army through the Seven Days' battles to Harrison's landing, where it was again separated, one detachment being sent to Hampton, Virginia. When the regimental headquarters was transferred to Hampton in August, a detachment was left behind at Harrison's landing, but on September 3 the regiment was reunited at Washington. Four companies were detached on Sept 12 and ordered to Harper's Ferry, where they were engaged in constructing pontoons and later returned in charge of two of the pontoons to Washington, leaving a part of the detachment behind. Another detachment was sent to the vicinity of Fredericksburg with these boats, and the headquarters of the regiment were transferred to Acquia creek, leaving one company at Washington. Great assistance was rendered by the 50th in laying the bridges before the battle of Fredericksburg, when they were under continuous fire from the enemy's sharpshooters. Until July 17, 1862, the 50th was enrolled on the state records as an infantry regiment, but an act of Congress of that date accepted it as a regiment of the volunteer engineer corps, of the same rank as the regular army engineer corps. After passing the winter in the neighborhood of Fredericksburg, the regiment joined in the Chancellorsville campaign, where it aided effectively in conveying the army across the river and was highly praised by General Benham. At Deep run in June the 50th suffered the loss of 11 in killed, wounded and missing, while engaged in laying a bridge. Cos. A, C, F, G, H and K remained in the field during the summer of 1863 and the others were stationed in Washington. In Dec, 1863, about three fourths of the regiment reenlisted and received their veteran furlough. At the opening of the Wilderness campaign in May, 1864. the 50th was again divided, one detachment assigned to the 2nd, one to the 6th, and one to the 5th corps, one company remaining in Washington. In the winter of 1863-64 two new companies were added to the regiment and the ranks filled with new recruits. During the operations of the Army of the Potomac in May and June, 1864, the main work of the regiment was that of laying bridges at various points, notably one 2,010 feet long, across the James. At Petersburg the regiment was in demand at all points for work of construction and repair on the fortifications, and it also assisted in destroying railroads. During its long service the men became very proficient in engineering and through its steadiness under fire is said to have lost during the last year of its service no bridge material of any kind. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at New York in September, 1864, and after participation in the grand review at Washington, the veteran organization was there mustered out on June 13-14, 1865. The loss of the regiment by death from wounds was 17 and by death from disease and other causes 214.
Fifty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Edward Ferrero, Robert B. Potter, Charles W. LeGendre, Gilbert McKibben, John G. Wright; Lieutenant Colonels, Robert B. Potter, Charles W. LeGendre, R. Charlton Mitchell, Samuel H. Benjamin, John G. Wright, Thomas B. Marsh; Majors, Robert B. Potter, Charles W. LeGendre, R. Charlton Mitchell, John G. Wright, Thomas B. Marsh, George W. Whitman. The 51st regiment contained six companies of the Shepard Rifles, two companies of the Scott Rifles and two companies of the Union Rifles and was organized in New York city, where it was mustered into the service of the United States July 27 to October 23, 1861, for a three years' term. It left the state for Washington on October 31, with 850 members, was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, General Burnside's North Carolina expedition, and embarked at Annapolis January 6, 1862, for Roanoke island. The first active service of the regiment was at Roanoke island, where it fought with courage and steadiness. The battle of New Berne followed in March, in which the 51st suffered the most severely of any regiment engaged—71 men being killed or wounded. Until July 6, 1862, the command was quartered at New Berne, when it was ordered to return to Virginia, and upon arriving at Newport News was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps. It participated in General Pope's campaign in August and September; was present at Kelly's ford; was closely engaged at Sulphur springs, the second Bull Run and Chantilly, with a loss in the campaign of 89 in killed, wounded and missing. The regiment was withdrawn to Washington, but soon took the field for the Maryland campaign; was active at South mountain and Antietam, losing in the latter battle 87 killed or wounded in a most brilliant charge across the stone bridge, which alone would have made the fighting qualities of the regiment renowned. In November, the 51st was engaged at Jefferson, Virginia, and Warrenton springs and late in the month moved to Fredericksburg, where it took part in the battle in December with a loss of 73 members. After sharing the hardships of Burnside's "Mud March," the regiment established winter quarters near White Oak Church, but was soon transferred to the Department of the West and with the 9th corps arrived at Vicksburg in June. It participated in the siege operations and the pursuit to Jackson, Mississippi; then proceeded to Tennessee, where it participated in the battle of Blue springs; was active at Campbell's station, and assisted in the defense of Knoxville during the siege. In Dec, 1863, a large proportion of the command reenlisted and received veteran furlough, rejoining the regiment with new recruits at Knoxville. In February, 1864. the 9th corps was ordered to join the Army of the Potomac at Brandy Station, where it arrived May 1. In the Wilderness campaign the loss of the regiment was 79 during the first two days, including Colonel LeGendre, who was wounded in the eye. The command distinguished itself for heroism in the terrible month which followed; then proceeded to Petersburg; was active at the mine explosion, the Weldon railroad, Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's run, at Fort Stedman, and in the final assault on April 2, 1865. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out during the autumn of 1864 and the veterans at Alexandria, July 25, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment was 3,050 and it received in June, 1865, the veterans and recruits of the 109th New York Its total loss in all its engagements was 925, while 202 died from wounds and 385 from accident, disease or imprisonment. At Peebles' farm, Virginia, the regiment was surrounded and 332 members captured. Colonel Fox in "Regimental Losses" says of the 51st, "Few regiments saw a more active service and none left a more honorable record."
Fifty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Paul Frank, Henry M. Karples; Lieutenant-Colonels, Philip J. Lichtenstein, Charles G. Fredenburg, George W. Von Schack, Henry M. Karples, James C. Bronson, Henry P. Ritzius; Majors, Charles G. Fredenburg, Edward Venuti, Henry M. Karples, Henry P. Ritzius, Charles Kronmeyer. The 52nd, known also as the Sigel Rifles, composed of six companies of the German Rangers and four companies of the Sigel Rifles, was recruited in New York city and there mustered into the U. S. service November 5, 1861, for a three years' term. It left the state for Washington on November 12, with 950 men, went into camp at Bladensburg and was assigned to Sumner's division, in the brigade which later became the 3d brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac. Winter quarters were established at Camp California, Virginia, and there the regiment remained until March 10, 1862, when it moved to Manassas, thence to Alexandria and on April 4 embarked for Yorktown. It participated in the siege of Yorktown, was closely engaged at Fair Oaks, with the loss of 122 in killed, wounded or missing out of 320 engaged. It took part in the Seven Days' battles and when the army rested at Harrison's landing in July the regiment was able to present but 67 men for active duty, having suffered severely during the entire campaign both from wounds and sickness. In August the ranks were greatly strengthened, when the regiment, attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, moved to Alexandria and in September to Tennallytown, where it was transferred to the 3d brigade. It reached South mountain after the battle, was closely engaged at Antietam and then encamped at Harper's Ferry until October 29, when it moved to Snicker's gap and encountered the enemy. On November 17, it arrived at Falmouth, participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, and then occupied winter quarters at Falmouth until April 28, 1863. The regiment was active in the Chancellorsville campaign, returned to camp at Falmouth until June 15, then moved to Gettysburg, where it arrived early in the morning of July 2 and was posted on Cemetery ridge, where it fought gallantly during the battle. Moving southward, the regiment was active in October at Bristoe Station, and Mitchell's ford; shared in the Mine run campaign in November and went into winter quarters at Stevensburg. On May 4, 1864, it broke camp for the Wilderness campaign and participated in the constant fighting of that month with heavy loss. At the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the Po river, the North Anna river, Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor it was prominent on the battle line, then moved to Petersburg, where it shared in the first assault and performed an active part in the arduous duties of the siege. It participated in engagements at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, at Strawberry Plains, and at Hatcher's run. In July, 1864, the regiment was transferred to the consolidated brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps and in November, to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps. In September and October, 1864, the original members not reenlisted were mustered out at New York city. On March 29, 1865, the 52nd was engaged at White Oak ridge with heavy loss, and it was present at the final assault on Petersburg April 2. It was mustered out at Alexandria, July 1, 1865. During the term of service the command lost 153 by death from wounds, 94 by death from accident or disease, and 103 died in prison. In the battles in which the 52nd participated, it lost 752 members killed, wounded or missing. It is numbered among the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Fifty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Lionel J. D'Epineuil; Lieutenant-Colonels, J. A. Viginer de Manteil, George F. Chester. Major, John Baptiste Cantel. The 53d, the "D'Epineuil Zouaves," was organized in New York city, but contained members, mainly of French origin, from all parts of the state and one company of Indians from the Tuscarora reservation. It was mustered into the U. S. service at New York August 27 to November 15, 1861, for three years and left for Washington on the 18th. Stationed at Annapolis, the regiment was attached in January, 1862, to Burnside's expeditionary corps and a detachment of the command was active in the battle of Roanoke island. In March the regiment was discontinued, Co. A became Co. G of the 17th New York infantry and the remainder of the regiment was mustered out at Washington, March 21, 1862. It lost during service 3 by death from wounds and 7 by death from other causes. Authority to organize another 53d regiment was issued and Major A. Buckingham was placed in command, but in September, 1862, the recruits enlisted for the regiment were transferred to the 132nd and 162nd New York infantry.
Fifty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Eugene A. Kozlay; Lieutenant-Colonels, Alexander Hock, William P. Wainwright, Stephen Kovacs, Charles Ashby, Bankson Taylor Morgan; Major, Louis Von Litrow, Charles Ashby, Stephen Kovacs. The 54th, the "Barney Black Rifles," was composed of men of German origin, recruited in New York city and Brooklyn, and one company of the McClellan infantry. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Hudson City, N. J., September 5 to October 16, 1861, for a three years' term, and left for Washington October 29. It was assigned to the provisional brigade of Casey's division, with which it served until December, when it became a part of Steinwehr's brigade, Blenker's division. It served in the vicinity of Washington until April, 1862, when Blenker's division was ordered to Virginia and assigned to General Fremont's command. The 54th belonged to the 1st brigade and was employed in the region near Strasburg until June 8, when it took an active part in the battle of Cross Keys. On June 26, 1862, the regiment became a part of the 2nd brigade, 3d division. 1st corps, Army of Virginia, and on the 29th of the same month General Sigel took command of the forces formerly commanded by Fremont. During General Pope's campaign the regiment rendered effective service at Fox's ford. Sulphur Springs, at Waterloo Bridge, Groveton and Manassas. The 1st corps became the nth on September 12, 1862, and the 54th was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, with which it went into winter quarters at Stafford, Virginia Camp was broken late in April, 1863, for the Chancellorsville campaign, in which the regiment lost 42 in killed, wounded and missing. After a short rest near Falmouth the march to Gettysburg was commenced. It was in action on July 1, and on the 2nd was posted on Cemetery hill. The loss of the 54th was 102 killed, wounded or missing. Camp was occupied near Hagerstown, Maryland, until August 7, when the division was ordered to Charleston harbor and there assigned to the 10th corps, in which the 54th served in the 1st brigade of Gordon's division. It was stationed on Folly island; participated in the siege of Fort Wagner; the bombardment of Fort Sumter; and remained in that vicinity during the winter of 1863-64. At this time a sufficient number of the command reenlisted to secure its continuance in the field as a veteran organization and in the summer of 1864 was posted on James island, where it was actively engaged in July with a loss of 20. In March, 1865, it left this post to enter Charleston, where it received on June 22 the veterans and recruits of the 127th and 157th New York. and
remained until April, 1866. It was mustered out at Charleston April 14, 1866, having served nearly five years and lost during this period 40 by death from wounds and 102 by death from accident, disease or imprisonment.
Fifty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Baron Regis De Trobriand; Lieutenant Colonels, Louis Thourot, William H. King; Major, Francis Jehl. The 55th, the "La Fayette Guard," composed mainly of members of French origin, was the outgrowth of the 55th militia, and was mustered into the U. S. service at New Dorp, Staten Island, August 28, 1861, for three years. It left for Washington on August 31, was ordered to Fort Gaines, Maryland, in September, and in October became a part of Peck's brigade, Buell's division, Army of the Potomac. In March, 1862, the regiment joined McClellan's army for the Peninsular campaign; participated in the siege of Yorktown and the battle of Williamsburg, serving with the 1st brigade, 1st division, 4th corps during the summer. In the battle of Fair Oaks, the loss of the regiment was 103 in killed and wounded, and during the Seven Days' battles it was employed in guarding trains. In the battle of Malvern hill the 55th was active and suffered considerable loss. In April, 1862, Co. B joined the regiment and in September, the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of four companies, which was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, and in November, to the 2nd brigade of the same division. The command was actively engaged at Fredericksburg and on December 21, 1862, was transferred to the 38th New York infantry, with which the troops completed their term. The regiment lost during its service, 36 by death from wounds and 29 from other causes. On June 3, 1863, the members of the 38th who had not completed their term of enlistment were transferred to the 40th N. Y. The members of the 55th who did not reenlist were mustered out at New York city at the end of their term.
Fifty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles H. Van Wyck, Rockwell Tyler; Lieutenant-Colonels, James Jordan, Frederic Decker, John J. Wheeler, Rockwell Tyler, Eliphas Smith; Majors, Jacob Sharpe, John J. Wheeler, Rockwell Tyler, Eliphas Smith, James Dubois. The 56th regiment was organized.at Newburgh and was composed of eleven companies, two light batteries and two cavalry troops. The batteries later became the 7th and 8th independent batteries and the cavalry part of the 1st mounted rifles. Co. L was the 5th company of New York sharpshooters. The men were mainly from Orange, Sullivan and Ulster counties and were mustered into the U. S. service at Newburgh, October 28, 1861, for three years. The regiment left for Washington on November 7, 1861, was there assigned to the 1st brigade, Casey's division, and served in the vicinity of Washington until March, 1862. In the opening of the spring campaign, the regiment, as part of the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 4th corps, participated in the siege of Yorktown and was present without loss at Williamsburg, Savage Station and Bottom s bridge. At Fair Oaks the loss of the command was heavy—66 killed and wounded and 5 missing. In June the brigade, in Peck's division of the 4th corps, was present during the Seven Days' battles but not closely engaged, and after the battle of Malvern hill was withdrawn to Yorktown. In December the brigade under Naglee was assigned to the 18th corps and reached South Carolina early in January, 1862. The regiment served about Charleston, was active in the siege of Fort Wagner in July, 1863, and the subsequent operations in the vicinity. It was assigned to the 1st brigade. 3d division, 18th corps, in March, 1863, and transferred to the loth corps in October. While with the 18th corps it was stationed on Folly island and at Beaufort. In the summer of 1864, the regiment was stationed at James island; lost 50 men in an engagement at Honeyhill; was active at Coosawhatchie and Boyd's point in December, and shared in the operations at Deveaux neck, S. C., during the same month with considerable loss. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at the expiration of the term of enlistment and the regiment remained in the Department of the South, serving in the coast division during the winter of 1864-65 and at Charleston from March, 1865 to October 17, 1865, when it was mustered out. The regiment lost during its term of service 64 by death from wounds and 216 from other causes.
Fifty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Samuel K. Zook, Alford B. Chapman, James W. Britt; Lieutenant-Colonels, John A. Page, Philip J. Parisen, Alford B. Chapman, James W. Britt, Augustus M. Wright, George W. Jones, James C. Bronson; Majors, Philip J. Parisen, Alford B. Chapman, N. Garrow Throop, John H. Bell, William A. Kirk, George W. Jones, James C. Bronson, George Mitchell. The 57th, the "National Guard Rifles," contained companies from the National guard Rifles, the Clinton Rifles, the United States Voltigeurs, the Washington Zouaves and the Manhattan Rifles, and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city, August 12 to Nov, 19, 1861, for three years. It left for Washington on November 19, was assigned to French's brigade, Sumner's division, Army of the Potomac, and passed the winter in the vicinity of Washington. In March, 1862, it was attached to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, and joined in the general advance to Manassas Junction. It then moved to the Peninsula, participated in the siege of Yorktown; was present at the battle of Fair Oaks; active in the Seven Days' battles, after which it proceeded to Harrison's landing. It went to the support of General Pope at Bull Run and arrived just before the battle of Chantilly, but was not actively engaged. At Antietam the regiment lost 98 in killed and wounded and 3 missing. After the battle it moved to Halltown, Snicker's gap and Falmouth and suffered severely at Fredericksburg, where the division, under General Hancock made a gallant but unsuccessful assault on Marye's heights. The regiment here lost 87 out of 192 engaged. The winter was passed near Falmouth and in the Chancellorsville campaign in the spring of 1863 the regiment was active. At Gettysburg the loss of the depleted command was 34 and then moving southward with the army, the 57th was active at Auburn, Bristoe Station and in the Mine Run campaign. Winter quarters were established near Brandy Station and occupied until the opening of the Wilderness campaign, during which the regiment was repeatedly in action. In the battle at the Wilderness the loss was 58, and in the assault on Petersburg, June 15, the action at the Weldon railroad, and at Reams' station the loss was 63. Co. C was mustered out on July 14, 1864; Cos. F, D and I in August; Cos. K, A and B in September; Co. H on October 15; and the reenlisted men and recruits were transferred to the 61st New York infantry on December 6. The regiment during its term of service lost 103 by death from wounds and 91 from other causes.
Fifty-Eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Wladimir Kryzanowski; Lieutenant-Colonels, Frederick Gellman, August Otto, Adolphus Dobke; Majors, Theodore Lichtenstein, William Henkel, George N. Harvey, Adolph C. Warberg, Michael Esenbean. This regiment, known as the Morgan Rifles, was composed of the United States Rifles, Polish Legion, Gallatin Rifles, Morgan Rifles and Humboldt Yeagers, and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city in November, 1861, for three years. It left the state for Washington, November 7, 1861; was assigned to the 3d brigade, Blenker's division, Army of the Potomac, stationed near Washington until April, 1862, when it was ordered to join the Mountain Department and reached General Fremont in time to participate in the battle of Cross Keys. On June 26, 1862, the regiment was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 1st corps, Army of Virginia, which subsequently became the nth corps, and with it served through General Pope's campaign, being present at Fox's ford, Sulphur springs, Waterloo bridge, Groveton and the second Bull Run, losing in the campaign 57 in killed, wounded and missing. The regiment was not engaged at Fredericksburg, although stationed in the vicinity. Winter quarters were established at Stafford and the regiment was active in the Chancellorsville movement in May, 1863. From there it moved to Gettysburg, was active in the battle, then southward through Boonsboro and Funkstown, and was ordered west on September 24. It arrived at Bridgeport, Alabama, early in October, was present at Wauhatchie and in the Chattanooga and Rossville campaigns and in March, 1864, was attached to the 4th division, 20th corps. A large number of the regiment reenlisted in Dec, 1863, received veteran furlough and rejoined the regiment in Tennessee. The veteran regiment completed its service in the Department of the Cumberland, being stationed from June, 1864, to September, 1865, at Nashville, where it was mustered out on October 1, 1865. During its term of service it lost 32 by death from wounds and 95 from other causes.
Fifty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, William Linn Tidball, William Northedge, William Linn Tidball, Henry W. Hudson, William A. Olmstead; Lieutenant-Colonels, Philip I. Joachimsen, John L. Stetson, William Northedge, Max A. Thomain, William Linn Tidball, Horace P. Rugg, James A. Jewell, Thomas Huggins, James A. Jewell; Majors, William Northedge, Max A. Thomain, James H. Purdy, William McFadden, Michael H. Donovan, William T. Simms. The 59th, the "Union Guards," was organized in New York city from the U. S. Vanguard, President's Life Guard, U. S. Volunteers, Union Guard, Cameron Highlanders, Kossuth Guards and Cameron Legion, and was mustered into the U. S. service from August 2 to October 30, 1861, for a three years' term. The regiment left for Washington on November 19, was attached to General Wadsworth's division and served in the vicinity of Washington until August 1862. It was then successively attached to the 2nd brigade, Casey's division, 4th corps; Sturgis' brigade and the 4th brigade, Sigel's division, Department of the Shenandoah. In July, 1862, the regiment was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps. Army of the Potomac and was first sent to the front at Malvern hill. The troops showed their mettle at Antietam, where they bravely stood their ground under a fire which reduced their ranks from 321 officers and men to 76. In the disaster of Sedgwick's division at the Dunker Church Lieutenant-Colonel Stetson and 8 other officers were wounded, an almost unprecedented loss among the army organizations. Proceeding next to Fredericksburg, the regiment arrived in time to play its part in the battle, in which its loss was 44 in killed, wounded and missing. The winter was spent in the vicinity of Falmouth, and in May, 1863, the command was active in the Chancellorsville campaign, returning to its old camp for a short time before the Gettysburg movement began. On June 25, the 59th was consolidated into four companies, owing to the reduction in its numbers and on July 4 the veterans and recruits of the 82nd New York infantry, forming five companies, were received, and also one company of new recruits. The regiment fought bravely at Gettysburg, Auburn, Bristoe Station and Blackburn's ford and shared in the Mine Run fiasco. A large number of its members reenlisted in the winter of 1863-64 and as a veteran organization the regiment fought through the Wilderness campaign, attached to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps. At the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy. Cold Harbor and Petersburg, the reputation of the command as a crack fighting regiment was nobly sustained. In actions before Petersburg, at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station, the Boydton road, and Hatcher's run, over 20o of the regiment were killed, wounded or reported missing. It was present at the final assault on the Petersburg fortifications and was then stationed at Munson's hill, Virginia, where it was mustered out on June 30, 1865, having rendered such effective service to the Union cause as entitled it to rank among the "three hundred fighting regiments of the war." The regiment lost 141 by death from wounds and 130 from accident, imprisonment or disease, of whom 64 died in Confederate prisons.
Sixtieth Infantry.—Colonels, William B. Hayward, George S. Greene, William B. Goodrich, Abel Godard, Winslow M. Thomas, Lester S. Wilson; Lieutenant-Colonels, William B. Goodrich, Charles R. Brundage, John C. O. Reddington, Winslow M. Thomas, Lester S. Wilson, Abner B. Shipman, Michael Nolan; Majors, Charles R. Brundage, Edward C. James, Abel Godard, Winslow M. Thomas, Thomas Elliott, Abner B. Shipman, Michael Nolan. This regiment, the 1st St. Lawrence regiment, was organized at Ogdensburg and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, on October 30, 1861. It left for Washington on November 4, was stationed in that vicinity during the winter and was in General Dix's railroad brigade in the spring of 1862. In June, 1862, the regiment was attached to the 2nd brigade, of Sigel's division, Department of the Shenandoah and later to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, Army of Virginia. It participated in General Pope's Virginia campaign and on September 12, was attached, with its brigade and division, to the 12th corps. At Antietam, Colonel Goodrich, commanding the brigade, was killed and the regiment lost 22 in killed, wounded and missing. In October it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division of the 12th corps, posted at Harper's Ferry until December, and then went into winter quarters at Stafford Court House, Virginia In the Chancellorsville movement the 12th corps led the advance and the loss of the 60th regiment was 66. At Gettysburg the loss was again heavy in the defense of Culp's hill. Moving southward with the army as far as the Rappahannock, the regiment received orders to join the forces in the West and arrived at Bridgeport, Alabama, the first week in October. The 60th was present at the battle of Wauhatchie, Tennessee, and in the Chattanooga campaign. In Dec, 1863, a sufficiently large proportion of the regiment reenlisted to secure its continuance in the field as a veteran organization and became a part of the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 20th corps, with which it shared in the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea, and through the Carolinas. In June, 1865, the regiment received by transfer the veterans and recruits of the 107th, 136th and 150th New York infantry and was assigned to the 3d brigade, Bartlett's division, 22nd corps, with which it served until mustered out of the service at Alexandria, Virginia, July 17, 1865. The loss of the command during the service was 67 by death from wounds and 101 from other causes.
Sixty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Spencer W. Cone, Francis C. Barlow, Nelson A. Miles, K. Oscar Broady, George W. Scott; Lieutenant Colonels, Francis C. Barlow, William C. Massett, Nelson A. Miles, K.. Oscar Broady, George W. Scott, Richard A. Brown; Majors, William C. Massett, Arthur L. Brooks, Edward Z. Lawrence, William H. Spencer, George W. Scott, Henry B. Todd, Willard Keech, Richard' A. Brown, George W. Schaffer. This regiment, known as the Clinton Guards, contained one company from Madison university, Hamilton, one company from the vicinity of Albany, and the remainder from New York city. It was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city during September, October and November, 1861, for three years, and left for Washington on November 9. It was stationed for a short time at Washington, but moved on November 28, with Howard's brigade, Sumner's division, to Manassas and with the same brigade became a part of the 1st division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac, in March, 1862. It moved to the Peninsula early in the spring, took part in the operations of the siege of Yorktown and was first closely engaged in the battle of Fair Oaks, in which 106 were killed or wounded and 4 reported missing, out of 432 who went into action. There Lieutenant-Colonel Massett and many other gallant men lost their lives. The loss in the Seven Days' battles was still greater, and the ranks that gathered at Harrison's landing after the battle of Malvern hill were sadly depleted. In July, the regiment was assigned to the 3d brigade of its old division, in September to the 1st brigade of the same division, in October to the 2nd brigade, and in November again to the 1st brigade. In September, 1862, Co. I from Albany joined the regiment and took the place of a company consolidated with the others. At Antietam the regiment was in the thick of the fight, and at Fredericksburg it served in Hancock's division in the charge on Marye's heights and lost 36 in killed, wounded and missing. At Chancellorsville in May, 1863, the troops under Colonel Miles made a gallant defense which won them high praise, and at Gettysburg the loss was once more severe. There was little rest for the worn regiment during the autumn. At Auburn, Bristoe Station, Rappahannock Station and in the Mine Run campaign, it was active, and it was mid-winter when it finally established permanent quarters near Brandy Station. In December and January a large number of men reenlisted and received veteran furlough. The regiment was reunited in the spring of 1864 and served with honor through the severe fighting which led up to Cold Harbor and Petersburg, suffering most severely in the bloody angle at Spottsylvania. It joined in the first assault on Petersburg, June 15; was engaged at Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station and Hatcher's run, and on December 20, received the veterans and recruits of the 57th New York infantry. It was present at the fall of Petersburg, joined in the pursuit to Appomattox, and was engaged at Sailor's creek and Farmville. On July 14, 1865,. the 61st was mustered out at Alexandria, having lost 193 by death from wounds and 123 from other causes, of whom 46 died in prison. The total enrollment of the command was 1,526 members. Its record is a long and glorious one and it bravely earned its right to rank among the most gallant organizations of the Union army.
Sixty-second Infantry.—Colonels, J. Lafayette Ryker, David J. Nevin, Theodore B. Hamilton; Lieutenant-Colonels, David J. Nevin, Oscar V. Dayton, Theodore B. Hamilton, William H. Baker; Majors, Oscar V. Dayton, Wilson Hubbell, William H. Baker. The 62nd, "Anderson's Zouaves," composed mainly of members from New York city.
Brooklyn, Albany, Troy and Saltersville, N. J., was organized at Saltersville and there mustered into the U. S. service June 30 and July 1, 1861, for three years. It left for Washington on August 21, 1861, and in October was assigned to Peck's brigade, Buell's division, Army of the Potomac, which in March, 1862, became the 1st brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, Army of the Potomac, and reached the Peninsula in time to share in the operations before Yorktown, the battle of Williamsburg and the battle of Fair Oaks. In the Seven Days' battles the 62nd was closely engaged and suffered heavy loss. It arrived with the corps at Falmouth in time to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg, after which winter quarters were established across the river. In the Chancellorsville campaign the regiment met with its greatest losses, having been transferred in the preceding October to the 6th corps, and the 2nd and 3d divisions of which carried Marye's heights in a brilliant assault. The regiment was at this time attached to the 3d brigade, 3d division, with which it served until the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac just preceding the Wilderness campaign. It fought at Gettysburg; moved with the 6th corps through Boonsboro, Funkstown and Rappahannock Station; engaged in the Mine Run campaign, and went into winter quarters near Brandy Station. The original members of the regiment not reenlisted were mustered out at the expiration of their term of service but nine companies of the regiment remained in the service and in March, 1864, were assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 6th corps, where they served through the Wilderness campaign and the siege of Petersburg. In the opening of the fight in the Wilderness, the regiment lost 72 killed, wounded and missing. It also suffered severely in the first assault on Petersburg and at the Weldon railroad in June, 1864. At the time of Early's raid in July, the 6th corps was ordered to Washington and left its position before Petersburg on July 10. It joined in the pursuit of Early in the Shenandoah valley and was active at Charlestown, the Opequan, at Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek, in all of which the 62nd bore an honorable part. Returning to Petersburg in December, the troops established camp near the Weldon railroad and participated in the final assault on the fortifications and the pursuit of Lee's Army after the fall of the city, fighting their last battle at Sailor's creek, April 6, 1865. For a month the regiment was stationed at Fort Schuyler, New York harbor, where it was mustered out on August 30, 1865, having lost during its term of service 98 by death from wounds and 84 from other causes.
Sixty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Richard C. Enright, John Burke, Henry Fowler, Richard C. Bentley, John H. Gleason, James D. Brady; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry Fowler, Richard C. Bentley, John Stewart, John H. Gleason, James D. Brady, William H. Terwilliger; Majors, Thomas F. Lynch, Richard C. Bentley, Joseph O'Neil, Thomas Touhey, Miles McDonald, John H. Gleason, James D. Brady, William H. Terwilliger, James McQuade. The 63d, the 3d Irish regiment, composed mainly of recruits from New York city, but containing a number from Boston and some from Albany, was mustered into the service of the United States at New York city from September to Dec, 1861, for three years. It left New York November 28, 1861, for Washington and was assigned to the Irish brigade in Sumner's division, which became the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac. The regiment remained in the vicinity of Washington during the winter but was early in motion in the general advance to the Peninsula. Trench duty and picket-duty occupied the troops during the siege of Yorktown but the regiment was in action at Williamsburg, Fair Oaks and during the Seven Days' battles. At Antietam the Irish brigade showed its mettle, the 63d losing 6 officers mortally wounded and 202 killed or wounded out of 341 engaged. The regiment then moved into Virginia and arrived at Falmouth in November. It went into the battle at Fredericksburg with 162 men, of whom 44 were reported killed, wounded or missing. After spending the winter in camp near Falmouth the 63d participated in the Chancellorsville campaign, and in June, 1863, was consolidated into two companies. This little force lost 23 at Gettysburg, fought at Auburn and Bristoe Station, shared in the Mine Run campaign, and established winter quarters near Brandy Station. In October, 1863, a company of new recruits was added to the regiment, two more companies in April, 1864, and in June, 1864, one company, which with the reenlisted men continued it in service as a veteran organization. At the Wilderness 99 of the regiment fell, and 31 in the week following, among them Major Touhey. At Cold Harbor and in the first engagements before Petersburg the loss was severe. The regiment was active at Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station, Hatcher's run, Fort Stedman, the final assault on April 2, 1865, and joined in the pursuit to Appomattox. It was mustered out at Alexandria on June 30, 1865, having lost 157 by death from wounds and 95 from other causes, out of a total enrollment of 1,411. The Irish brigade, as well as the individual regiments composing it, became noted for bravery on many a hard-fought field, and the 63d, which was one of the original regiments of the brigade, was one of New York's most gallant organizations.
Sixty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas J. Parker, Daniel C. Bingham, Leman W. Bradley, William Glenny; Lieutenant-Colonels, Daniel G. Bingham, Enos C. Brooks, Leman W. Bradley, William Glenny, Theodore Tyrer; Majors, Enos C. Brooks, Leman W. Bradley, William Glenny, Lewis H. Fassett, Horatio N. Hunt, Theodore Tyrer, Albert F. Peterson. The 64th, the Cattaraugus regiment, was the outgrowth of the 64th militia and was recruited at Gowanda, Randolph, Otto, Rushford, Ithaca, Little Valley, Wellsville, Owego, Olean and Leon. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, in Dec, 1861, for three years; left the state for Washington on December 10; was quartered near the capitol; in January, 1862, was assigned to the provisional brigade of Casey's division; on March 13, it became a part of the 1st brigade. 1st division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac, and proceeded to the Peninsula with the general advance under McClellan. The regiment was present during the siege of Yorktown, but received its first real test at Fair Oaks, where it behaved with great steadiness under a fire which killed or wounded 173 of its members. It was active in the Seven Days' battles; then went into camp at Harrison's landing; arrived at Manassas too late to participate in that battle; took a prominent part in the battle of Antietam, where General Richardson was killed and General Hancock succeeded to the command of the division. At Fredericksburg, in the famous assault of Hancock's division on Marye's heights, the loss of the regiment was 72 in killed and wounded and immediately afterward it went into camp near Falmouth. At Chancellorsville in May, 1863, the 64th was placed on the skirmish line under Colonel Nelson A. Miles and shared in the stubborn defense made by the regiments under his command, for which they won the highest commendation. The regiment moved in June to Gettysburg, where the division, under Caldwell, fought brilliantly on July 2 in the celebrated wheat-field and on the 3d defended its position stubbornly against Pickett's assault. It lost at Gettysburg 98 killed, wounded or missing out of 205 engaged. The 2nd corps fought in October at Auburn and Bristoe Station, where the 64th suffered severe loss. It participated in the Mine Run movement and established winter quarters near Brandy Station. During the winter of 1863-64 a sufficient number of the regiment reenlisted to secure its continuance in the field as a veteran organization, but after the original members not reenlisted were mustered out in the autumn of 1864 it was necessary to consolidate it into a battalion of six companies. It served through the Wilderness campaign, throughout the siege of Petersburg and in the pursuit of Lee's Army to Appomattox, losing 16 in killed and wounded at Farmville. Out of a total enrollment of 1,313, the regiment lost during service 182 by death from wounds and 129 from other causes. The division in which it served saw the hardest service and suffered the most heavy losses of any in the army and the 64th was one of the finest fighting regiments in the war. It bore without flinching the severest trials and won fame and glory for itself and the state. It was mustered out at Washington, July 14, 1865.
Sixty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, John Cochrane, Alexander Shaler, Joseph E. Hamblin, Henry C. Fiske; Lieutenant-Colonels, Alexander Shaler, Joseph E. Hamblin, Henry J. Healy, Thomas H. Higginbotham, Henry C. Fiske, David I. Miln; Majors, Henry J. Healey, Thomas H. Higginbotham, David I. Miln, Edmund K. Russell. The 65th, known as the U. S. Chausseurs, composed of members from Eastern New York and a number from Connecticut, Rhode Island and' Maine, was mustered into the U. S. service at Willett's Point, L. I., in July and August, 1861, for three years. It left the state for Washington on August 27, was assigned to the 3d provisional brigade until September 19, when it became a part of Graham's brigade, Buell's division, and in March, 1862, joined the advance to the Peninsula as a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 4th corps. It was present at the siege of Yorktown and active during the Seven Days' battles, with a loss of 68 in killed, wounded and missing. At Antietam it was again engaged, but did not occupy an exposed position, and during the month of September, 1862, the division was transferred to the 6th corps, in which it became the 3d division. The 65th served in the 3d brigade until December and was then assigned to the 1st brigade. At Fredericksburg the regiment was present, but not closely engaged, and the winter was passed in that vicinity. In the Chancellorsville campaign the 65th shared in the charge which captured Marye's heights. After returning for a brief period to its old camp it proceeded to Gettysburg, where it was held in support, then moved southward with the army, shared in the Mine Run campaign and went into winter quarters with the 6th corps. In January, 1864, the regiment was sent to Johnson's island in charge of prisoners, and upon its return to the Army of the Potomac was attached to the 4th brigade of its old division. A sufficiently large number of the men reenlisted to secure the continuance in the field of the 65th as a veteran organization and it fought through the Wilderness campaign with brilliancy, losing during the first week 154 members killed, wounded or missing, many of whom fell in the assault on the angle at Spottsylvania. At Cold Harbor and Petersburg the regiment was active and when the 6th corps was sent to Washington to repel General Early, the 65th was assigned to the 2nd brigade of the same division with which it had previously served. It embarked for Washington July 10, 1864, encountered Early at Fort Stevens and pursued him through the Shenandoah Valley, fighting at Charlestown, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek. In the last named action the regiment took a prominent part and suffered the loss of 90 in killed, wounded and missing. It returned to Petersburg in December; was engaged at Hatcher's run in February, 1865, at Fort Stedman, and the final assault on April 2. In September, 1864, the original members not reenlisted were mustered out and the veterans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of four companies, which received the addition of four companies of the 67th New York, and in March, 1865, two companies of new recruits. The regiment was mustered out at Washington, July 17, 1865, having lost during its term of service 121 by death from wounds and 90 from other causes.
Sixty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Joseph C. Pinckney, Orlando H. Morris, John S. Hammell; Lieutenant-Cols., James H. Bull, John S. Hammell; Majors, Orlando H. Morris, Peter Nelson. The 66th, the "Governor's Guard," was the outgrowth of the 6th militia, recruited mainly in New York city, and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York, November 4, 1861, for a three years' term. It left New York for Washington, November 16, 1861, was assigned to Graham's brigade, Buell's division, until January, 1862, when it became a part of French's brigade, Sumner's division, which became in March, the 3d brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac. It reached the Peninsula in time to be present during the latter part of the siege of Yorktown; was active at Fair Oaks and during the Seven Days' battles, but suffered its most severe loss at Antietam, where 103 were killed, wounded or captured, among them Chaplain Dwight, who was in the midst of the fight. The 66th proceeded through Charlestown, West Virginia, and Snicker's gap, to Fredericksburg, where it lost 75 in killed, wounded and missing out of 238 engaged. It was then in the 3d (Zook's) brigade of Hancock's division, which also suffered severely at Chancellorsville, the loss of the 66th being 70 men. The 2nd corps continued to see arduous service through the hard fought field of Gettysburg and the actions at Auburn and Bristoe Station, the last being a 2nd corps engagement. After the Mine Run movement the regiment went into winter quarters with the Army of the Potomac and when the spring campaign opened, was assigned to the 4th brigade of its old division. In Grant's campaign in the Wilderness the heaviest losses of the 66th were suffered during the first week, but it continued in active service through Cold Harbor, where Colonel Morris, commanding the brigade was killed, and the siege of Petersburg, losing heavily in the first assault on the fortifications. In the autumn of 1864 the original members not reenlisted were mustered out and the reenlisted men and recruits remained at the front as a veteran organization. After the fall of Petersburg the regiment was ordered to Fort Richmond, New York harbor, and there remained until August 30, when it was mustered out, having lost 107 from wounds during the term of service and 124 from other causes.
Sixty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Julius W. Adams, Nelson Cross,; Lieutenant-Colonels, Nelson Cross, George Foster, Henry L. Van Ness; Majors, P. Mark De Zeng, George Foster, Henry L. Van Ness, Charles O. Belden. The 67th, the 1st Long Island regiment, from Brooklyn, Allegany and Wayne counties and Rochester, was mustered into the U. S. service at Brooklyn, June 20 and 24, 1861 for three years, and left Brooklyn August 21, 1861, for Washington. It was assigned to Graham's brigade. Buell's division, which became in March, 1862, the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 4th corps. The regiment was posted near Washington during the winter of 1861-62 and joined the general advance under McClellan to the Peninsula in March. It took part in the siege of Yorktown; was present at Williamsburg and at Fair Oaks, where 164 were killed or wounded and 6 reported missing. During the Seven Days' battles the division was employed in guarding trains until the battle of Malvern hill, when it was in the thick of the fight. In the battle of Antietam the regiment was not in an exposed position and in the reorganization in September, 1862, Couch's division became the 3d division, 6th corps, the regiment being assigned to the 3d brigade, with which it served until December, when it became a part of the 1st brigade. It was active at Fredericksburg, with slight loss, went into winter quarters near Falmouth, was engaged at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and continued south with the Army of the Potomac to Brandy Station. In January, 1864, the 67th was detached and sent to Johnson's island in charge of prisoners, but returned to the army in April, from which time it served in the 4th brigade of its old division, through Grant's spring campaign. At the Wilderness the loss of the command was 93 in killed, wounded and missing out of 270 engaged, and the remnant participated in the constant fighting which led up to Petersburg. On June 20, the original members not reenlisted left for Brooklyn, where they were mustered out and the veterans and recruit? were consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which remained at the front bearing the regimental designation until September 1, when they were consolidated with the 65th N. Y. With the 6th corps the battalion moved to Washington at the time of Early's raid; joined in the pursuit through the Shenandoah Valley, returning to Petersburg for the last part of the siege. During its term of service the regiment lost 112 by death from wounds and 77 from other causes.
Sixty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Robert J. Betge, Gotthils De B. D. Inemais, Felix Prince Salm; Lieutenant-Colonels, John H. Kleesisch, Carl Vogel, Albert Von Steinhausen; Majors, Albert Von Steinhausen, Carl Von Vedell, Robert Rother, Adolph Haack, Arnold Kummer. The 68th, the 2nd German Rifles, was composed of members from New York city, New Jersey, Maryland and Pennsylvania, and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York August 1 and 20, 1861, for a three years' term. It left for Washington on August 24, was first attached to Blenker's brigade, but in October formed a part of Steinwehr's brigade, Blenker's division, and served in the vicinity of Washington until the spring of 1862, when it was ordered to the Mountain Department and became a part of Fremont's forces. At Warrenton Junction the regiment lost 2 missing, its first loss, and it was active at Cross Keys. On June 26, 1862, it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 1st corps, and served in the Virginia campaign under General Pope with a total loss of 92. On September 12 it was attached to the 1st brigade 3d division, nth corps, which was posted near Centerville during the Maryland campaign, and there remained until December, when it was ordered to Fredericksburg, but did not participate in the battle. Winter quarters were established near Stafford, Virginia, and in April, 1863, the regiment was transferred to the 1st brigade, 1st division, with which it fought at Chancellorsville. losing 54 in killed, wounded and missing. At Gettysburg the total loss was 138 and the regiment won high praise for its gallant work in the defense of Cemetery hill. In July the 68th was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, with which it was ordered west. It was present at the battle of Wauhatchie, Tennessee, and in the Chattanooga campaign. During the winter of 1863-64 a large number of the men reenlisted and in April, the three years' men of the 8th and 29th New York infantry were added to the ranks, the command remaining in service as a veteran regiment. During the summer of 1864 it served in the Districts of Nashville, Tennessee, and Allatoona, Georgia, and in November, was ordered to Savannah, Georgia. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at the expiration of their term of service and the remainder of the regiment at Fort Pulaski, Georgia, November 30, 1865. The 68th lost during service 46 by death from wounds and 75 from other causes.
Sixty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Robert Nugent, William Wilson; Lieutenant-Colonels, James Kelly, James E. McGee, John Garrett, James J. Smith; Majors, James Cavanagh, John Garrett, Richard Moroney. The 69th, the 1st regiment of the Irish brigade, was the outgrowth of the 69th militia (q. v.) and contained members from New York city, Chicago, 11l., Brooklyn and Buffalo. It was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city September 7 to November 17, 1861, for three years, and left for Washington on November 18. It was stationed at Fort Corcoran near Washington and became a part of the Irish brigade under General Meagher in December. At the time of the general advance under General McClellan in March, 1862, the Irish brigade became the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, and moved to the Peninsula in April after having its first encounter with the enemy at Rappahannock Station, Virginia The part taken by the brigade in the siege of Yorktown was not especially prominent, but its prompt action at Fair Oaks helped to save the day, and during the Seven Days' battles it was constantly in action, the 69th alone losing 208 in killed, wounded and missing. At the second Bull Run the division arrived too late for the battle but at Antietam the Irish brigade was in the midst of the fight at the "Bloody Lane," where the loss of the regiment was 196 in killed, wounded and missing out of 317 engaged. After the battle the regiment was withdrawn to Charlestown, West Virginia, and then moved via Snicker's gap and Hartwood Church to Fredericksburg, where it again suffered severely in the desperate but unsuccessful assault on Marye's heights, the total loss being 128. The winter was passed in camp near Falmouth; the regiment was prominent in the Chancellorsville campaign and again at Gettysburg; then fought at Auburn and Bristoe Station; shared in the Mine Run campaign; and went into winter quarters near Brandy Station. The loss of the regiment was so severe that in June, 1863, it became necessary to consolidate it into two companies. In December and January, 1863-64, a large number of these tried soldiers reenlisted and upon their return from veteran furlough received the addition of many new recruits, which insured the continuance of the regiment in the field as a veteran organization. The regiment bore a heavy part in the battles of the Wilderness and Cold Harbor; lost heavily in the first assault on Petersburg; remained in position before Petersburg during the long siege; was active at the Weldon railroad, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station, Hatcher's run and the Appomattox campaign, and was finally mustered out at Alexandria, June 30, 1865. The 69th lost the greatest number of men killed or wounded of any of the New York regiments. It ranks 6th in total loss among all the regiments in the Union army and 7th in percentage of loss to total enrollment. The total number enrolled was 1,513, of whom 261 died from wounds and 151 from other causes, 63 dying in prisons.
Seventieth Infantry.—Colonels, Daniel E. Sickles, William Dwight, Jr., J. Egbert Farnum; Lieutenant-Colonels, William Dwight, Jr., J. Egbert Farnum, Thomas Holt, Daniel Mahan; Majors, J. Egbert Farnum, Thomas Holt, Daniel Mahan, William H. Hugo. The 70th, the 1st regiment of the Excelsior brigade, was composed of companies from New York city, Port Jervis, Paw Paw, Mich., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Boston, Mass., Patterson and Newark, N. J., and was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Scott, Staten island, June 20, 1861, for a three years' term. It left for Washington on July 23; was quartered in the city for a short time and then assigned to Sickles' brigade, Hooker's division, on guard duty at the forts along the Maryland side of the Potomac. Co. G joined the regiment in October, being mustered in at Washington on October 8. In the disposition of troops preparatory to the advance on the Peninsula. Sickles' brigade became the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps, and reached Yorktown in April. In the battle of Williamsburg, the first battle of consequence in which the 70th took part it met with the heaviest loss of its service. Out of 700 engaged the loss was 330 killed, wounded or missing. At Fair Oaks and in the Seven Days' battles the regiment was active and embarked at Yorktown, August 20, for Alexandria, whence it moved at once to the support of General Pope at Manassas. In a sharp encounter at Bristoe Station, the 70th lost 5 men and at the second Bull Run 23. The regiment returned to Washington and was stationed in that vicinity until November, when it moved to Falmouth. It was present at the battle of Fredericksburg, returning immediately afterward to its camp at Falmouth, which became its winter quarters. It was next in the field at Chancellorsville, and at Gettysburg lost 113, killed or wounded, and 4 missing. In the southward movement, the brigade met the enemy in a brisk engagement at Wapping heights, fought at Kelly's ford, participated in the Mine Run campaign, and spent the winter at Brandy Station. In the reorganization of the corps, the regiment was assigned in April, 1864, to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 2nd corps, and on May 13, to the 4th brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps. It shared in the memorable campaign under General Grant until July 1, 1864, when it was mustered out at the close of its term of service, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 86th New York infantry. Although not in service as long as the preceding New York regiments, the 70th won its right to be known as one of the "three hundred fighting regiments" by many an instance of gallantry and the loss of 182 by death from wounds out of a total enrollment of 1,226. It also lost 70 by death from disease, etc.
Seventy-first Infantry.—Colonels, George B. Hall, Henry L. Potter; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry L. Potter. Thomas J. Leigh, Thomas Rafferty; Majors, Thomas Rafferty, Peter McDermott, John Taler. The 71st, the 2nd regiment of the Excelsior brigade, composed of companies from New York city, Olean, Great Valley, Colchester and Kingston, New York, Newark and Orange, N. J., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was mustered into the service of the United States at Camp Scott, Staten island, June 20 to July 18, 1861, for a three years' term. It left the state for Washington on July 23; served for a time in the vicinity of the city; was attached to Sickles' brigade, Hooker's division; performed guard duty along the Potomac, and in the advance under McClellan was part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps. It was on trench and picket duty before Yorktown; was present at the battle of Fair Oaks, and lost 118 killed, wounded and missing during the Seven Days' battles. It left the Peninsula to go to the support of General Pope at Manassas and at Kettle Run, Groveton and in the battle of Bull Run (second) lost 114 out of 250 engaged. During the Maryland campaign the regiment was stationed in the vicinity of Washington and marched to Falmouth in November, arriving in time to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg, but did not occupy an exposed position. Winter quarters were established at Falmouth and camp was broken late in April, 1863, for the Chancellorsville campaign, in which the regiment took a prominent part. After returning to camp at Falmouth for a short time, it marched to Gettysburg and there participated in the thick of the fighting with a loss of 91 killed, wounded or missing. It was also engaged in the encounters at Wapping heights, Kelly's ford, in the Mine Run fiasco, and after a comparatively uneventful winter in camp near Brandy Station, Virginia, entered upon the Wilderness campaign in the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 2nd corps. It was transferred May 13, to the 4th brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, with which it served until the expiration of its term of enlistment. The regiment was repeatedly in action through the month of May, at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor and Petersburg, and was mustered out at New York city, July 30. 1864, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 120th New York infantry. It lost during service 94 by death from wounds and 74 from other causes.
Seventy-second Infantry.—Colonels, Nelson Taylor, William O. Stevens, John S. Austin; Lieutenant-Colonels, Israel Moses, John S. Austin, John Leonard; Majors, William O. Stevens, John Leonard, Casper K. Abell. The 72nd, the 3d regiment of the Excelsior brigade, was composed mainly of members from New York city and Chautauqua county, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Scott, Staten island, from June to October, 1861, for three years. It left there on July 24, 1861, for Washington, where it was joined by two of its companies late in October. After serving for a few months in the vicinity of Washington the regiment was assigned to Sickles' Excelsior brigade, Hooker's division, served along the Potomac in Maryland, near Stafford Court House, Virginia, and proceeded to the Peninsula in April, 1862, with the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps. It suffered its first severe loss at Williamsburg, where the Excelsior brigade bore the heaviest burden of the battle, the loss of the 72nd being 195 killed, wounded or missing, 77 of whom were killed or mortally wounded. At Fair Oaks and in the Seven Days' battles the regiment was active and was then withdrawn from the Peninsula to join in the campaign under General Pope in Virginia, during which it lost 37 men. It was withdrawn with the brigade to the vicinity of Washington for much needed rest and reinforcement, and remained there through the Maryland campaign, leaving for Falmouth in November. It participated in the battle of Fredericksburg; went into winter quarters at Falmouth; broke camp late in April, 1863, for the Chancellorsville movement; took a prominent part in that battle, Colonel Stevens and 4 other officers being killed, the total loss of the regiment being 101. At Gettysburg the regiment, which had by this time become noted for its fighting qualities, occupied an advanced position on the Emmitsburg road, which was valiantly defended by the brigade, although finally forced to yield it. The loss of the 72nd here was 114, and the ranks, which later fought at Kelly's ford, Bristoe Station and in the Mine Run campaign, were sadly thinned. The winter camp was established at Brandy Station and in April, 1864, the regiment was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 2nd corps, with which it served in the Wilderness campaign until May 13, when it was transferred to the 4th brigade, 3d division. It was active in the campaign until June 19, when seven companies were mustered out before Petersburg. The remaining three companies were mustered out July 2 and 20 and October 31, 1864, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 120th New York infantry. During its term of service the regiment lost 184 by death from wounds and 96 by death from other causes. It is ranked by Colonel Fox as one of the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Seventy-third Infantry.—Colonels, William R. Brewster, Michael W. Burns, James Fairman; Lieutenant-Colonels, William McCanley, Michael W. Burns, James McKenna, Lewis Benedict, Jr.; Majors, Michael W. Burns, John P. Lawrence, Lawrence H. Thompson, John D. Moriarty. The 73d, the 4th regiment of the Excelsior brigade, was sometimes known as the 2nd Fire Zouaves, having for its nucleus the New York fire department. It was recruited principally in New York city and mustered into the U. S. service at Staten island, July 8 to October 8, 1861. It left New York for Washington October 8; was assigned to Sickles' brigade, Hooker's division, which became in March, 1862, the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps of the Army of the Potomac, and served during the first winter at Good Hope, Maryland. It moved to the Peninsula with McClellan's army in April, 1862; participated in the siege of Yorktown and the battle of Williamsburg, meeting with its first severe loss in the latter engagement, where 104 of the regiment were killed, wounded or reported missing and the troops displayed great courage and steadiness. At Fair Oaks and during the Seven Days' battles the 73d was constantly in action and was much in need of rest by the time it reached the camp at Harrison's landing. On its way from the Peninsula to join' Pope's forces the brigade had a sharp engagement at Bristoe Station, in which the regiment lost 46 killed or wounded. It was active at the second Bull Run, was then withdrawn to the defenses of Washington with the Excelsior brigade to recuperate, and left for Falmouth in November. In the autumn of 1862 a new company joined the regiment and in January, 1863, it received the members of the 163d New York infantry into its ranks. The 73d was active at Fredericksburg; returned to its quarters at Falmouth; engaged at Chancellorsville in May, 1863, but met its greatest losses at Gettysburg on the second day of the battle, where 51 were killed, 103 wounded and 8 missing out of 324 engaged, or 50 per cent. The loss of the regiment at Gettysburg included 4 officers killed and 1 wounded, and during its term of service it lost 18 officers killed or mortally wounded, a loss only exceeded by four other regiments in the army. It was engaged at Wapping heights, Catlett's station, Brandy Station, at Kelly's ford and Locust Grove, and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. During the winter of 1863-64 a sufficient number of men reenlisted to secure the continuance of the regiment in the field as a veteran organization and in April, 1864, camp was broken for the Wilderness campaign, in which the regiment served with the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 2nd corps until May 13, when it was assigned to the 4th brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps. It lost 66 in the first two days' fighting in the Wilderness, 30 at Spottsylvania, and continued in service during the battles leading up to Petersburg. At the expiration of their term of service the original members not reenlisted were mustered out and the veterans and recruits consolidated into seven companies, which served from July in the 1st brigade of the same division before Petersburg, where the regiment participated in the various engagements of the brigade, the final assault and pursuit to Appomattox. The 73d was mustered out at Washington, June 29, 1865, having received on June 1, the veterans and recruits of the 120th New York infantry. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,326, of whom 153 died from wounds and 76 died from accident, imprisonment or disease. The regiment sustained its part nobly in a brigade which became famous for its fighting qualities and well deserves its reputation as a crack fighting regiment.
Seventy-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles K. Graham, Charles H. Burtis, Thomas Holt, William H. Lounsberry; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles H. Burtis, John P. Glass, William H. Lounsberry; Majors, William B. Olmsted. Edward L. Price, George H. Quaterman, Henry M. Allis, Lovell Purdy, Jr. The 74th, the 5th regiment of the Excelsior brigade, which contained many members of the 15th militia, was recruited at Pittsburg, New York city, Cambridgeport, Mass., Tidioute, Pennsylvania, and Long island and mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Scott, L. I., June 30 to October 6, 1861, for a three years' term. It left New York August 20, for Washington; was attached to Sickles' Excelsior brigade and stationed along the Lower Potomac in Maryland during the first winter; embarked in April, 1862, for the Peninsula with the brigade, as part of the 2nd division, 3d corps; shared in the siege operations before Yorktown; took a prominent part in the battle of Williamsburg, for which the brigade won the highest praises, the loss of the regiment in this battle being 143 killed, wounded or missing, and in the ensuing engagements of Fair Oaks and the Seven Days' battles it was constantly in action. Upon its withdrawal from the Peninsula in August, the regiment was sent to the support of General Pope at Manassas, after which it retired to the defenses of Washington. In November it marched to Falmouth; participated in the battle of Fredericksburg; returned to its camp at Falmouth for the winter; was engaged at Chancellorsville in May, 1863; returned again to camp at Falmouth; marched in June to Gettysburg and there experienced the hard fighting of the second day on the Emmitsburg road, with a loss of 89 killed, wounded and missing. On the southward march it encountered the enemy at Wapping heights and Kelly's Ford; fought at Locust Grove during the Mine Run campaign, and went into winter quarters with the brigade. In April, 1864, the Excelsior brigade became the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 2nd corps and in May the 4th brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps. With it the 74th fought through the Wilderness campaign and was mustered out before Petersburg, from June 19 to August 3, 1864. The reenlisted men and recruits were transferred to the 40th New York infantry. The regiment lost during its term of service 124 by death from wounds and 70 from other causes. It was noted for its courage and steadiness and is numbered among the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Seventy-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, John A. Dodge, Robert B. Merritt, Robert P. York; Lieutenant-Colonels, Robert P. York, William M. Hosmer, Robert B. Merritt, Willoughby Babcock; Majors. Willoughby Babcock, Lewis E. Carpenter, Benjamin F. Thurber, William M. Hosmer, Charles H. Cox. The 75th, known as the Auburn regiment, was composed mainly of members from Cayuga and Seneca counties, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Auburn, for a three years' term, November 26, 1861. It embarked for the south on December 6; was stationed at Santa Rosa island and Fort Pickens, Florida, during its first winter in the service, and formed part of the garrison of Pensacola during the summer of 1862. While here Co. K joined the regiment, which was ordered to New Orleans in September. It was assigned to Weitzel's reserve brigade, which had a brisk fight at Georgia landing. Upon the organization of the 19th corps in January, 1863. the regiment became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division and moved to Bayou Teche, Louisiana. It lost 17 in an engagement at Fort Bisland in April, and in the assaults on Port Hudson, May 27 and June 14 it lost 107 in killed, wounded and missing, the 1st division bearing the brunt of the fight. After the surrender of Port Hudson, July 9, the troops performed garrison duty. From August to September, the regiment served with the reserve brigade of the 1st division; in September it was assigned to the 3d brigade of the same division; in October it was mounted and attached to the 3d cavalry brigade, and during the winter a sufficiently large number of the men reenlisted to secure the continuance of the 75th as a veteran regiment. While the reenlisted men were on furlough, the remainder of the regiment served with the 14th New York cavalry and rejoined the regiment June 28, 1864. At Sabine Pass, the regiment lost 85 killed, wounded or missing and during November, 1863, it was stationed near New Iberia and Camp Lewis, Louisiana. In March, 1864, the command entered upon the Red River campaign and in July it was ordered to New Orleans. After the regiment was reunited, in June, 1864, it served until the middle of July with the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps, and then embarked for Virginia, where it became a part of the Army of the James and joined in the pursuit of General Early in the Shenandoah Valley. It was engaged at Halltown, the Opequan, where the loss was 73 killed, wounded and missing, at Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, where it also suffered severely. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Auburn, New York, December 6, 1864, and the veterans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which was ordered early in January, 1865, to Savannah, Georgia, and assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th corps. The regiment served at Savannah until August, and in April, received the veterans and recruits of the 31st independent company New York infantry. It was mustered out at Savannah, August 3, 1865, having lost 106 by death from wounds, and 109 from other causes.
Seventy-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Nelson W. Green, W. P. Wainwright, Charles E. Livingston; Lieutenant-Colonels, John D. Shaul, Charles E. Livingston, Andrew J. Grover, John E. Cook, Charles A. Watkins; Majors, Charles E. Livingston, Andrew J. Grover, John E. Cook, John W. Young. The 76th, the "Cortland Regiment," recruited principally in Cortland and Otsego counties, was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany, January 16, 1862, for three years. It left the state the next day for Washington, was assigned to the 3d brigade of Casey's division and served in the vicinity of Washington during the first winter. It suffered its first severe loss at Manassas in August, 1862, when it served with the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, losing in the several engagements of General Pope's campaign, 147 in killed, wounded and missing. It was active at South mountain and Antietam, its brigade and division having been assigned to the 1st corps, with which it accompanied the cavalry advance through Philomont, Union and Upperville, Virginia. It participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, went into winter quarters near Falmouth and during the Chancellorsville movement, lost 3 men while guarding bridges. At Gettysburg the regiment took a prominent part and suffered the loss of 234 in killed, wounded and missing. Previous to this battle the ranks had been reinforced by the addition of the veterans and recruits of the 24th and 30th New York infantry, but after Gettysburg they were again sadly thinned. The regiment participated in the Mine Run fiasco, and at Brandy Station in January, 1864, was transferred to the ist brigade of the same division, returning to its old brigade in March, and was later assigned to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 5th corps, and broke camp in April for the Wilderness campaign, in which it suffered its greatest loss during the first two days—282 killed, wounded or missing. It continued to see hard service at Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor and Petersburg, where it took part in the siege operations until the end of its term of service. It was mustered out by companies, July 1, October n and 20, November 8 and 18, December 1, 1864, and January 1, 1865, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 147th New York infantry. The regiment lost during its term of service 175 by death from wounds and 166 by death from accident, imprisonment or disease, of whom 56 died in imprisonment. It ranks among the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Seventy-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, James B. McKean, Winsor B. French, David J. Caw; Lieutenant-Colonels, Joseph C. Henderson, Samuel McKee, Winsor B. French, Nathan S. Babcock, David J. Caw, Isaac D. Clapp; Majors, Selden Hetzel, Winsor B. French, Nathan S. Babcock, David J. Caw, Isaac D. Clapp, Charles E. Stevens. The 77th, known as the Saratoga regiment, was composed of companies from Westport, Ballston, Saratoga, Wilton, Keeseville and Gloversville, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Saratoga, November 23, 1861, for three years. It left New York November 28, for Washington, was assigned to the 3d brigade of Casey's division; served in the defenses of Washington during the winter; in March, 1862, with the same brigade, became a part of Smith's division, 4th corps, and served on the Peninsula. It was active at Yorktown, Williamsburg, Mechanicsville and in the Seven Days' battles, and in May was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 6th corps, with which it served throughout the war. After a short time in camp at Harrison's landing the regiment entered upon the Maryland campaign; was present at Crampton's gap and met its first heavy loss at Antietam, where 32 were killed, wounded or missing. Moving by slow stages the troops reached Fredericksburg in time for the battle but were not assigned to a prominent position. At Chancellorsville the regiment joined in the gallant and successful assault on Marye's heights and lost 83 in killed, wounded and missing. At Gettysburg it was not closely engaged and proceeded from that battlefield to Fairfield. Pennsylvania, Antietam, Marsh Run, Funkstown, Williamsport and Chantilly. It shared in the capture of prisoners made by the 6th corps at Rappahannock Station in November, and participated in the Mine Run fiasco. During December and January a large number of the 77th reenlisted and the regiment took the field at the opening of the Wilderness campaign with many new recruits. At the Wilderness 66 were reported killed, wounded or missing, and in the remaining days of that week the loss of 107 was suffered by the regiment in the close fighting at Spottsylvania and other points in the immediate vicinity. The regiment was also active at Cold Harbor, then moved with the 6th corps to Petersburg and served in the trenches until July, when the corps was hurried to Washington and met General Early at Port Stevens, with a loss of 20 men. In the pursuit of Early in the Shenandoah Valley, and the battles of Charlestown, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, Cedar Creek and Winchester, the regiment took a prominent part, returning to Petersburg in December. The original members of the regiment not reenlisted were mustered out on December 13, 1864, the remainder having been consolidated into a battalion of five companies on November 19. In the action at Fort Stedman, the final assault, April 2, 1865, and the Appomattox campaign, the battalion was active and, returning to Washington after Lee's surrender, was mustered out in that city, June 27, 1865. During its term of service the regiment lost 108 by death from wounds and 176 by death from disease and other causes.
Seventy-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Daniel Ullman, Herbert Hammerstein; Lieutenant-Colonels, Jonathan Austin, Henry C. Blanchard, Henry R. Stagg, Herbert Hammerstein, William Chalmers; Majors, Henry C. Blanchard, Henry R. Stagg, William H. Randall. The 78th, known as the 78th Highlanders, was composed principally of members from New York city, Utica, Buffalo, Bath, China, Rochester and Suspension Bridge, with one company from Michigan. It was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city, October 1, 1861, to April 12, 1862, for a three years' term, and left for Washington on April 29. The regiment encamped for a short time at Washington and on May 25. was ordered to Harper's Ferry, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, Sigel's division, Department of the Shenandoah and on June 26 it became a part of the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, Army of Virginia. The command was first closely engaged at Cedar mountain, where it lost 22 killed, wounded or missing. At Antietam the loss was 34, and the regiment moved from there to Hillsboro and Ripon, Virginia, and went into winter quarters with the 12th corps, to which it had been assigned on September 12, with the same brigade and division as before. At Chancellorsville in May, 1863, the 12th corps bore an important part and the 78th suffered severely—131 in killed, wounded and missing. In June the regiment moved to Gettysburg, where it was closely engaged in the battle and upon the arrival of the army in Virginia, was ordered to join the forces in Tennessee. It arrived at Bridgeport, Alabama, October 1; was in action at Wauhatchie. Tennessee; shared in the ensuing engagements in the vicinity of Chattanooga, and passed the winter in that locality. In May, 1864, with the same brigade and division, 20th corps, the regiment moved with General Sherman on the advance toward Atlanta, being engaged at Mill Creek gap, Resaca, Dallas, and in the battles about Kennesaw mountain. On July 12, 1864, owing to depleted ranks the 78th was transferred to the 102nd New York infantry, with which it completed its term of enlistment. During its service the regiment lost 58 by death from wounds and 75 from other causes.
Seventy-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, J. C. Cameron, Isaac I. Stevens, Addison Farnsworth. David Morrison; Lieutenant-Colonels, David Morrison. John Morse, Henry G. Heffron; Mais., Francis L. Hagadorn, William St. George Elliott, John More, William Simpson, Andrew D. Baird. This regiment, called the Highlanders, was the original 79th militia and was composed mainly of Scotchmen. It was mustered into the service of the United States at New York city, for a three years' term, May 29, 1861, and left for Washington on June 2. It was stationed in the vicinity of Washington until the movement of the army to Manassas, when it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, Army of Northeastern Virginia and participated in the battle of Bull Run. This, the first battle of the regiment, was a severe initiation, for the. command lost 198 in killed, wounded and missing, Colonel Cameron being mortally wounded. During September the regiment was posted near Lewinsville, Virginia, where it several times encountered the enemy and was engaged in a sharp skirmish at Bailey's cross-roads. On October 21, the 79th was attached to the 2nd brigade of Sherman's expeditionary corps, with which it embarked for Hilton Head, S. C., and served in that vicinity until June, 1862. It shared in the gallant attack of Stevens' division, at Secessionville, losing no out of 474 engaged. In July, the troops returned to Virginia and shared in General Pope's campaign, with the 3d brigade, 1st division, 9th corps, losing 105 killed, wounded or missing during the engagements near Manassas. At Chantilly, General Stevens, former colonel of the 79th, was killed. The regiment was active at South mountain, Antietam, and Fredericksburg, but was not closely engaged in the last named battle. It shared the discomforts of Burnside's "Mud March," returned to camp at Falmouth, and moved west with the 9th corps, to join General Grant's forces before Vicksburg. The regiment took part in the siege and in the pursuit to Jackson. It then fought at Blue Springs, at Campbell's station, Tennessee, and aided in the defense of Knoxville. The men bore uncomplainingly the hardships of the return of the 9th corps across the mountains to Virginia and in May, Cos. A and B were transferred to the 18th corps. The regiment shared the opening battles of the Wilderness campaign and was mustered out at the expiration of its term of enlistment, May 31, 1864. The veterans and recruits served as provost guard at corps headquarters and were reinforced in the autumn of 1864 by the addition of several companies of new recruits. This battalion served before Petersburg until the fall of the city and was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, July 14, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,385, exclusive of the battalion organized in 1864, and it lost during service 116 by death from wounds and 83 from other causes. Its record is one of unfailing heroism and devotion to the cause for which it fought and it is ranked by Colonel Fox among the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Eightieth Infantry.—Colonels, Jacob B. Hardenberg, George W. Pratt, Theodore B. Gates; Lieutenant-Colonels, John McEntee, Theodore R. Gates, Jacob B. Hardenberg; Majors, John R. Leslie, Jacob B. Hardenberg, Walter A. Van Rensselaer. The 80th, the "Ulster Guard," was formed by the reorganization of the 20th militia, one of the oldest militia regiments in the state, upon its return from three months' service. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Kingston, September 20 to October 20, 1861, for a three years' term, and was composed principally of men from Ulster county. The regiment left for Washington October 26, was assigned to Wadsworth's brigade, McDowell's division, and performed picket duty along the Potomac, in the vicinity of Upton's hill, Virginia, during the first winter. In March, 1862, it was attached to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 1st corps, Army of the Potomac; in May to the 2nd brigade of the same division, Department of the Rappahannock, and in June, to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, with which last assignment it fought in General Pope's Virginia campaign. At the second Bull Run the 80th lost 279 in killed, wounded and missing, and Colonel Pratt died a few weeks later of the wounds received in that battle. It was active at South mountain and Antietam, encamped at Sharpsburg for one week and marched through Crampton's gap, Leesburg, Warrenton and Stafford Court House to Fredericksburg, where it participated in the battle. Winter quarters were established soon after near Hall's landing and occupied until January 7, 1863, when the 80th was assigned to the provost guard brigade, with headquarters at Brooks' station and remained on duty at army headquarters until after the battle of Chancellorsville. In June, 1863, the regiment was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 1st corps, and was closely engaged at Gettysburg, where it lost 170 killed, wounded or missing out of 287 engaged. It suffered most severely in the repulse of Pickett's charge on the last day. After the battle of Gettysburg, the 80th was again ordered to headquarters for provost guard duty and continued in this service until the end of the siege of Petersburg, when it shared in the final assault, April 2, 1865. From April 22 to November 27, 1865, it was stationed at Richmond and then ordered to Norfolk, where it remained until mustered out on January 29, l866._ The total enrollment of the regiment was 2,103, of whom 128 died of wounds and 156 from accident, imprisonment or disease. The regiment early became known for its fine fighting qualities and sustained a reputation for courage and steadiness under fire throughout its long term of service, which lasted, including its militia service, from the spring of 1861 to January, 1866. The regiment is classed among the "three hundred fighting regiments."
Eighty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Edwin Rose, Jacob J. DeForest, John B. Raulston, David B. White; Lieutenant-Colonels, Jacob J. DeForest, William C. Raulston, John B. Raulston, David B. White, Lucius V. S. Mattison; Majors, Byron B. Morris, John McAmbly, William C. Raulston, David B. White, Edward A. Stimson, Lucius V. S. Mattison The 81st, the 2nd Oswego regiment, was raised mainly in Oneida and Oswego counties and was mustered into the U. S. service at Oswego and Albany from Dec, 1861, to February 20, 1862, for three years. It left the state for Washington on March 5, 1862, was quartered for a short time at Kalorama heights and assigned to Palmer's brigade, Casey's division, 4th corps, with which it embarked for the Peninsula with the general advance of McClellan's army. It was present during the siege of Yorktown; in the battles of Williamsburg and Savage Station; was closely engaged at Fair Oaks, with the loss of 137 killed, wounded and missing, among whom Major McAmbly was killed and Lieutenant-Colonel DeForest wounded. During the Seven Days' battles the regiment was employed in guarding trains, and after the evacuation of the Peninsula was stationed at Yorktown until December, from which point it undertook a number of expeditions into the surrounding country. Assigned to the 1st brigade, Peck's division, 4th corps, the 81 st embarked for North Carolina in Dec, 1862, and was stationed at Beaufort, and Morehead, N. C., in the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 18th corps. In October,. 1863, the regiment returned to Newport News and performed outpost duty along the Dismal Swamp canal. In December a sufficient number reenlisted to secure the continuance of the 81 st as a veteran regiment, and upon their return from veteran furlough the regiment was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 18th corps, with which it fought at Swift creek, Drewry's bluff and Cold Harbor. In the two assaults on Cold Harbor the regiment took a prominent part and suffered the heaviest loss in its history, 212 killed 111 or wounded and 3 missing, half of the number engaged. It continued in service before Petersburg; was sent to New York harbor in November; was attached to the 24th corps in December; was active in the assault on Fort Harrison, and was mustered out of the service at Fortress Monroe August 31, 1865. It earned a well-deserved reputation for gallantry and courage for which it paid the penalty of loss during service of 107 by death from wounds and 99 from other causes.
Eighty-second Infantry.—Colonels, George W. B. Tompkins, Henry W. Hudson, James Huston; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry W. Hudson, James Huston, John Darrow; Majors, Joseph J. Dimock, Thomas W. Baird. The 82nd, the 2nd militia, recruited principally in New York city, left the state for Washington, May 18, 1861, and was there mustered into the U. S. service May 20 to June 17, for three years. Co. D was detached and became the 3d battery of light artillery and a new company took its place in September, 1861. The regiment was quartered near the capitol until July 3, when it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, Army of Northeastern Virginia, crossed into Virginia and engaged at Bull Run, with a loss of 60 in killed, wounded and missing. In August the 82nd was attached to the brigade, which later became the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, and after passing the winter in the defenses of Washington, moved to the Peninsula with the general advance under McClellan in March, 1862. It participated in the siege of Yorktown; the battle of Fair Oaks; the Seven Days' fighting; was next active in the Maryland campaign and suffered severe losses at Antietam in the advance of Sedgwick's division, upon the Dunker Church. Out of 339 men engaged, 128 were reported killed, wounded or missing. The regiment arrived at Falmouth late in November; participated in the battle of Fredericksburg; returned to its camp at Falmouth; was active at Chancellorsville in May, 1863; after a short rest at Falmouth marched to Gettysburg and there suffered fearful loss, 192 members out of 365 engaged, Colonel Huston being numbered among the dead. It next participated in the engagements of the 2nd corps at Auburn and Bristoe Station in the autumn and in the Mine Run campaign, and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. Camp was broken for the Wilderness campaign late in April, 1864, and the regiment was in action constantly until after the first assault on Petersburg, where it lost 1 man killed, 9 wounded and in missing. On June 25, 1864, the term of service expired and the original members not reenlisted were mustered out, the remainder of the regiment being consolidated into a battalion of five companies, to which the veterans of the 40th New York were transferred on June 28. On July 10, the battalion was consolidated with the 59th New York infantry. The total enrollment was 1,452, of whom 178 died of wounds and 89 from other causes. The regiment was conspicuous for its dash and daring and became famous for its fighting qualities.
Eighty-third Infantry.—Colonels, John W. Stiles, John Hendrickson, Joseph A. Moesch; Lieutenant-Colonels. William H. Halleck, William Atterbury, Allen Rutherford, John Hendrickson, Joseph A. Moesch, William Chalmers; Majors, William Atterbury, Allen Rutherford, John Hendrickson, Dabney W. Diggs, Henry V. Williamson. The 83d (the 9th militia), was recruited in New York city and left the state for. Washington, May 27, 1861. It was there mustered into the service of the United States for a three years' term, June 8, and served in Colonel Stone's command, in Hamilton's and Stiles' brigades, along the Potomac in Maryland and at Harper's Ferry. In the spring of 1862 the regiment was stationed near Warrenton Junction and along the Rappahannock river with several different assignments and participated in General Pope's Virginia campaign with the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps, suffering the loss of 75 members at the second Bull Run. The brigade and division were transferred to the 1st corps on September 12, fought at South mountain and Antietam, the regiment being closely engaged in both battles and losing 114 at Antietam. The next battle was Fredericksburg, where the crippled command suffered even more severely—125 killed, wounded or missing—among whom was Colonel Hendrickson, who was severely wounded. The regiment passed the winter at Falmouth; was not in an exposed position during the Chancellorsville movement and battle of May, 1863, but played an important part at Gettysburg in the capture of Iverson's North Carolina brigade. On the southward march the regiment was stationed at Hagerstown, Maryland, and Liberty, Virginia; then participated in the Mine Run campaign, and established camp near Brandy Station in the early winter. During the Wilderness campaign it served in the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 5th corps, and the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 5th corps, until June 7, when the term of service expired. Colonel Moesch was killed in the Wilderness and 128 men were reported killed, wounded or missing. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at New York, June 23, 1864, and the veterans were transferred to the 97th New York infantry. The 83d is named by Colonel Fox as one of the "three hundred fighting regiments." Out of a total enrollment of 1,413 it lost during service 164 by death from wounds and 91 from other causes.
Eighty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Alfred M. Wood, Edward B. Fowler; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward B. Fowler, William H. DeBevoice, Robert B. Jourdan; Majors, James Jourdan, William H. DeBevoice, Charles F. Baldwin, Robert B. Jourdan, Henry T. Head. The 84th (the 14th militia), recruited in Brooklyn, left the state for Washington, May 18, 1861; was there joined by Cos. K and I in July, and between May and August was mustered into the U. S. service for three years. The regiment served in the vicinity of Washington until the battle of Bull Run, in which it fought gallantly in Porter's brigade, with a total loss of 142 killed, wounded or missing. It then served near Ball's crossroads and Upton's hill, Virginia, and in March, 1862, was assigned to the 1st brigade, King's division, 1st corps, with which it served in northern Virginia, while the campaign on the Peninsula was carried on under General McClellan. Active in the fighting which culminated in the battle of the second Bull Run, the regiment lost 129 men. It was engaged at South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg with the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, to which it was attached on September 12, 1862. After passing the winter in camp near Falmouth, the regiment was active at Chancellorsville in May, 1863, and was prominently engaged in the battle of Gettysburg, where it received the highest official praise for its gallantry in action. It served during this battle with the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, and suffered a total loss of 217. It then moved southward with the Army of the Potomac, shared in the Mine Run movement, wintered near Culpeper and at the opening of the Wilderness campaign, was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 5th corps. On May 21 the term of service expired. It was mustered out at New York city, June 14, 1864, when the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 5th N. Y. veteran infantry. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,365, of whom 153 died from wounds and 74 from other causes. Few regiments could boast such a distinguished reputation as the 84th, which served with unfailing bravery through the most severe tests of courage.
Eighty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Uriah L. Davis, Robert B. Van Valkenburgh, Jonathan S. Belknap, Eurice Fardella, William W. Clark; Lieutenant-Colonels, Jonathan S. Belknap, Abijah I. Wellman, William W. Clark, Seneca Allen; Majors, Abijah J. Wellman, Reuben V. King, Walter Crandall, Chauncey S. Aldrich. This regiment, recruited in the southern part of the state, was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, from August to Dec, 1861, for a three years' term, and left for Washington on December 3. It served in the defenses of Washington until the advance of the army to the Peninsula in March, 1862, when it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 4th corps. It performed trench duty before Yorktown and other duties incident to the siege, was active at the battle of Williamsburg and was closely engaged at Fair Oaks, where its total loss was 79 in killed, wounded and missing. Upon the return from the Peninsula, the regiment was stationed at Newport News and late in the autumn moved to Suffolk, where it was assigned in Dec, 1862, to the 1st brigade, 1st division, Department of North Carolina, and ordered to New Berne. There it took part in the Goldsboro expedition, and in January, 1863, became a part of the 1st brigade, 4th division, 18th corps. In the summer of 1863 it was located in the District of Albemarle and undertook various expeditions into the surrounding country, meeting the enemy in several minor encounters. In January, 1864, the 85th was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 18th corps, and ordered to Plymouth, N. C., where in April, it was obliged to surrender to a superior force of the enemy, almost the entire regiment being captured. As a result of this disaster the loss of life in Southern prisons was appalling—222 deaths during imprisonment being reported. The remnant of the regiment received by transfer the members of the 16th N. Y. cavalry and having previously reenlisted, served throughout the war as the 85th regiment. It was posted at Roanoke island and was active in the Carolina campaign in March, 1865, after which it performed garrison duty at New Berne until June 27, 1865, when it was mustered out in that city. During its term of service the command lost 36 members by death from wounds, 103 from accident or disease, and the 222 who died in prison.
Eighty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Benijah P. Bailey, Benjamin L. Higgins, Jacob H. Lansing, Nathan H. Vincent; Lieutenant-Colonels, Barnard J. Chapin, Benjamin L. Higgins, Jacob H. Lansing, Michael B. Stafford, Nathan H. Vincent, Luzern Todd; Majors, Seyman G. Rheinvault, Benjamin L. Higgins, Jacob H. Lansing, Michael B. Stafford, Nathan H. Vincent, Frederick Van Tine, Luzern Todd, Samuel H. Leavitt. The 86th, known as the Steuben Rangers, was recruited in Steuben, Chemung and Onondaga counties, mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, November 20 to 23, 1861, and left for Washington on November 23. It passed the first winter in the performance of guard duty at or near Washington and was not ordered to the front until August, 1862, when it joined the forces under General Pope and lost 118 in killed, wounded and missing at the second Bull Run. It then moved to Fredericksburg, participated in the battle there with the 1st brigade, 3d division, 3d corps, and then went into winter quarters near Falmouth. It bore a prominent part in the battle of Chancellorsville, was engaged at Brandy Station, and was in the thick of the fight at Gettysburg. Moving southward via Wapping heights, Auburn and Kelly's ford, no further loss was met with until the Mine Run campaign, when the regiment lost 32 in the action at Locust Grove. At Brandy Station, where the Army •of the Potomac made its winter quarters, a large number of the regiment reenlisted and received their veteran furlough in January, 1864, and the 86th continued in the field as a veteran regiment. Camp was broken in April for the Wilderness campaign, the regiment being assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, with which it fought through all the battles of that memorable advance toward Richmond, meeting its heaviest loss at the Po river, where 96 were killed, wounded or captured. It accompanied its brigade and division to Petersburg, shared in the first assault, the engagements at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Poplar Spring Church, the Boydton road, the Hicksford raid. Hatcher's run and in the Appomattox campaign, winning renown as a fighting regiment. It was commonly named ''The fighting regiment of the Southern Tier." Out of a total enrollment of 1,318, the regiment lost 98 killed in action, 73 died from wounds, and 153 from other causes during service. The loss in officers was also heavy. Lieutenant-Colonel Chapin was killed and Major Higgins severely wounded at Chancellorsville, and Lieutenant-Colonel Stafford fell before Petersburg.
Eighty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, Stephen A. Dodge; Lieutenant-Colonel, Richard A. Bachia; Major, George B. Bosworth. The 87th, the 13th Brooklyn, recruited mainly in Brooklyn, New York city, Williamsburg and Poughkeepsie, was mustered into the U. S. service from October to Dec, 1861, for three years, and left New York for Washington on December 2. It served at Washington and vicinity in the 3d brigade, Casey's division, until March, 1862, when, with the 1st brigade, 3d division, 3d corps, it embarked for the Peninsula. It participated in siege duties before Yorktown; was present at the battle of Williamsburg; suffered its first losses at Fair Oaks, where 76 were killed, wounded or captured; was active during the Seven Days' battles, and upon the return of the army from the Peninsula, joined in General Pope's Virginia campaign, where it suffered a loss of 68. On September 6, 1862, the regiment was consolidated with the 40th N. Y. infantry, in which organization its members completed their term of service. The 87th lost 29 by death from wounds and 26 from other causes.
Eighty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry M. Baker, Patrick Kelly, Dennis F. Burke; Lieutenant-Colonels, Patrick Kelly, James Quinlan, John Smith, Dennis F. Burke, John W. Byron; Majors, James Quinlan, William Horgan, John Smith, William G. Hart, John W. Byron. The 88th, the 5th regiment of the Irish brigade, recruited in New York city, Brooklyn and Jersey City, was mustered into the service of the United States at Fort Schuyler, from September, 1861, to January, 1862, for three years, and left New York for Washington December 16, 1861. Upon its arrival it was attached to Meagher's Irish brigade (for which it was recruited), Sumner's division, and continued in that brigade during its term of service. It served in the vicinity of Washington until the general advance of the army under General McClellan to the Peninsula in March, 1862, when the brigade became a part of the 1st division, 2nd corps. It was present at the siege of Yorktown and the battle of Fair Oaks; lost 129 in killed, wounded or missing during the Seven Days' battles; was next active in the Maryland campaign; was in the thick of the battle at Antietam and 102 were killed or wounded; then proceeded to Charlestown, West Virginia, and by short marches to Fredericksburg, where it arrived in time to bear an important part in the assault of the 2nd corps during the battle. At Fredericksburg Major Horgan and 23 of his comrades were killed, 97 were wounded and 6 missing out of 252 engaged. At Chancellorsville in the spring of 1863, the loss of the regiment was again heavy and it became necessary to consolidate the remaining members into a battalion of two companies before the battle of Gettysburg, where the Irish brigade fought bravely in the wheat-field. The regiment shared in the action of the 2nd corps at Bristoe Station and in the Mine Run campaign, and during the winter a sufficient number of the men reenlisted to retain the 88th in the field as a veteran organization. Three new companies joined the command in April, 1864, and throughout the memorable campaign under General Grant from the Wilderness to Cold Harbor, the 88th continued to serve with unflinching courage. In the first assault on Petersburg, the regiment lost heavily, Colonel Kelly, who had succeeded General Meagher in command of the brigade, being killed. The regiment was posted at different points before Petersburg during the siege and participated in siege duties until the fall of the fortifications. It was mustered out at Alexandria, June 30, 1865, having lost 150 by death from wounds and 71 from other causes out of a total strength of 1,352, and having earned the right to be known as a crack fighting regiment.
Eighty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Harrison S. Fairchild; Lieutenant-Colonels, Jacob C. Robie, Nathan Coryell, Theophilus L. England, Wellington M. Lewis, Henry C. Roome; Majors, Daniel T. Everts, Wellington M. Lewis, Henry C. Roome, Frank W. Tremain, Jeremiah Remington. The 89th, called the Dickinson Guard, and composed of companies from Havana, Binghamton, Mount Morris, Rochester, Norwich, Oxford, Whitney's Point, Delhi and Corbettsville, was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, December 4 to 6, 1861, for three years. It left the state for Washington, December 6, was stationed for a few weeks in the defenses of the capital in the provisional brigade, Casey's division, and in January, 1862, became a part of Burnside's expeditionary corps, with which it embarked for Roanoke, N. C. In July, 1862, the regiment returned from Roanoke and with the 1st brigade, 3d division, 9th corps, participated in the Maryland campaign. It was active at South mountain, and at Antietam lost 103 in killed, wounded and missing. It participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, went into winter quarters near Falmouth, and in April, 1863, was transferred to the Department of Virginia at Suffolk, where it was attached in May, to Alford's brigade, Getty's division, 7th corps. It was active during the siege of Suffolk and remained in that vicinity until July, when it was transferred to the 18th corps, proceeded to North Carolina, where it was assigned to the 10th corps and stationed at Folly island, S. C. The regiment was present at the siege of Fort Wagner and the following operations in Charleston harbor and returned to Virginia early in 1864. A large number of the men reenlisted and the veteran regiment became a part of the 10th corps, which was present during May, 1864, at Swift creek, Proctor's creek, Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred. At the end of that month the 89th was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 18th corps and served in that corps until December. It lost heavily in the opening assault on Petersburg, where Lieutenant-Colonel England was killed, and also lost 139 in killed, wounded and missing at Fair Oaks in October. In December, the command was transferred to the 2nd division, 24th corps, with which it remained until the end of the war, sharing in the final assault on Petersburg and the pursuit of Lee's army to Appomattox. Major Tremain was mortally wounded April 2, 1865, in the assault on Petersburg. The 89th was mustered out at Richmond, August 3, 1865, having lost during its term of service, 107 by death from wounds and 159 from other causes.
Ninetieth Infantry.—Colonels, Joseph S. Morgan, Nelson Shaurman; Lieutenant-Colonels, Lewis W. Tinelli, Nelson Shaurman, John C. Smart, Henry De La Paturelle; Majors, Joseph S. D. Agreda, Nelson Shaurman, John C. Swart, Henry De La Paturelle. This regiment, known as the Hancock Guard, was recruited mainly in New York city and vicinity and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York from September to Dec, 1861, for a three years' term. It embarked on January 5, 1862, for Key West, Florida, where it performed garrison duty for some months. Early in 1863 it was ordered to join the 19th corps in Louisiana and was assigned to the 1st brigade. 4th division. From New Orleans the regiment moved to Port Hudson, where it took an active part in the siege, losing 50 killed, wounded or missing. It was also closely engaged at Bayou La Fourche, with the loss of 71, and in March, 1864, shared in the Red River campaign. The reenlisted men received their veteran furlough in August and September, 1864, and the remainder of the regiment served in their absence with the 160th N. Y. infantry. The veteran regiment was ordered to Virginia early in September and joined the Army of the Shenandoah while it was conducting the campaign against General Early. The 90th fought at the Opequan, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, losing 73 in killed, wounded and missing in the last named engagement. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out during Dec, 1864, and the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of six companies, which received in June, 1865, the members of the 114th, 116th and 133d N. Y. infantry. The regiment served in the 1st brigade of Dwight's division at Washington from April to June, 1865, and at Savannah, Georgia, from June to July. It was then ordered to Hawkinsville, Georgia, for a time and concluded its term of service at Savannah, where it was mustered out on February 9, 1866. It lost 60 by death from wounds and 190 from other causes.
Ninety-first Infantry.—Colonels, Jacob Van Zandt. Jonathan Tarbell; Lieut-Colonels, Jonathan Tarbell, William J. Denslow; Majors, Charles G. Clark, George W. Stackhouse. William J. Denslow, Alfred Wagstaff, Jr. The 91st, the Albany regiment, was recruited mainly at Albany, Redford, Hudson, Schenectady, Hillsdale, Chatham and Castleton, and was mustered in at Albany from September to Dec, 1861, for three years. It left the state for Washington January 9, 1862, was quartered there for a short time, then embarked for Fort Pickens, Florida, and was next ordered to Louisiana, where it served in the 1st brigade, 4th division, 19th corps. It was stationed at Fort Jackson, Louisiana, in July, 1863, equipped as heavy artillery, and was active with heavy loss during the siege of Port Hudson. A sufficient number of the regiment reenlisted to secure its continuance in the field as a veteran regiment and in the autumn of 1864, it returned to Baltimore, where it was assigned to the 2nd separate brigade, 8th corps. In March, 1865, the regiment, with the exception of one company which remained at Baltimore, was ordered to Petersburg, where it participated in the closing operations of the siege with the 1st brigade, 3d division, 5th corps, and lost 230 in the Appomattox campaign. The regiment was mustered out near Washington, July 3, 1865, having lost during its term of service 114 by death from wounds and 188 from other causes.
Ninety-second Infantry.—Colonels, Jonah Sanford, Lewis C. Hunt, Thomas S. Hall; Lieutenant-Colonels, LaFayette Bingham, Hiram Anderson, Truman Adams Merriman; Majors, Thomas S. Hall, Truman A. Merriman. The 92nd, the 2nd St. Lawrence county regiment, recruited in St. Lawrence and Franklin counties, was mustered into the U. S. service at Potsdam, January 1, 1862, for three years. It left for Washington, March 5, 1862, was there assigned to Palmer's brigade, Casey's division, 4th corps, and embarked with General McClellan's forces for the Peninsula. The regiment was present during the siege of Yorktown and the battle of Williamsburg; suffered the loss of 105 killed, wounded or missing at Fair Oaks; shared in the Seven Days' battles, and in August was stationed at Camp Hamilton, Virginia. In November it was ordered to Suffolk, Virginia, still with the 4th corps, and in December, moved to New Berne, N. C, and participated in the Goldsboro expedition. Remaining near New Berne as part of the 1st brigade, 4th division, 18th corps, until July, the regiment served for a short time at Fort Anderson, N. C., and returned to New Berne in August, where it performed garrison and other duties until recalled to Virginia in April, 1864. With the same corps the 92nd lost heavily at Cold Harbor and was present during the summer before Petersburg. In November, 1864, the command was ordered to New York harbor, but returned to Petersburg on November 17, there to remain until the expiration of its term of service. On January 7, 1865, the 92nd was mustered out at Albany, the veterans and recruits having been previously transferred to the 96th N. Y. infantry. During its term of service the regiment lost 70 by death from wounds and 132 by death from other causes.
Ninety-third Infantry.—Colonels, John S. Crocker, Samuel McConihe, Haviland Gifford; Lieutenant-Colonels, Benjamin C. Butler, Haviland Gifford, Jay H. Northrup; Majors, Ambrose S. Cassidy, Samuel McConihe, Henry P. Smith, Jay H. Northrup, George Bushnell. The 93d, the "Morgan Rifles," recruited mainly in Washington county, was mustered into the service of the United States at Albany, from October, 1861, to January, 1862. It left Albany, February 14, 1862, with 998 members; camped at Riker's island, New York city; moved to Washington on March 7; was there attached to Palmer's brigade, Casey's division and proceeded to the Peninsula on March 30. It was present at the siege of Yorktown; fought at Lee's mills, Williamsburg and in the Seven Days' battles; and upon the return from the Peninsula was present at Antietam and Fredericksburg, but was not actively engaged, having been detailed to perform provost guard duty at headquarters, a post occupied by the regiment for about two years. At the opening of the Wilderness campaign, the regiment, of which a large proportion had reenlisted, was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, and snowed its fighting mettle at the Wilderness, where it lost 258 killed or wounded out of 433 engaged. It was constantly in action during the battles of that month; at Cold Harbor in June, and upon the arrival of the army at Petersburg, joined in the first assault, followed by engagements at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Poplar Spring Church, the Boydton road, Hatcher's run and in the Appomattox campaign. The regiment remained at Petersburg until the end of the siege and constantly displayed such gallantry in action and reliability in the performance of every duty that it well deserved the reputation won as an unusually well-trained, efficient command and as a "fighting regiment." It lost during the term of service 128 by death from wounds and 143 by death from other causes.
Ninety-fourth Infantry.—Colonels. Henry K. Viele, Adrian R. Root; Lieutenant-Colonels, Colvin Littlefield. John A. Kress, Samuel Moffatt; Majors. William R. Hanford. John A. Kress, D. C. Tomlinson, Samuel S. Moffatt, John A. McMahon, Henry P. Fish, Byron Parsons. The 94th, the "Bell Rifles." recruited in Jefferson county, was mustered into the U. S. service at Sacket's Harbor, March 10, 1862, and left the state for Washington on the 18th. It served in the defenses of Washington under General Wadsworth, was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, Department of the Rappahannock in May, and to the 3d corps, Army of Virginia, June 26, with which it participated in General Pope's Virginia campaign, losing 147 in killed, wounded and missing. On September 12, with the same brigade and division, the regiment was attached to the 1st corps, was active at South mountain and Antietam, and in December at Fredericksburg. The winter was passed in camp near Falmouth and in March, 1863, the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of five companies, to which were added five companies of the 105th N. Y. infantry. The regiment served for a month as provost guard and in June, 1863, returned to the 1st corps with its old brigade and division, and suffered the heaviest loss of its service at Gettysburg—245 killed, wounded or missing. It shared in the Mine Run fiasco and in December was ordered to Annapolis, where it became a part of the 8th corps. During the winter a large number of its members reenlisted and the regiment continued in service as a veteran organization. In the Wilderness campaign it served with the 5th corps, being engaged at Cold Harbor, Totopotomy and White Oak swamp. It moved with the Army of the Potomac to Petersburg and was closely engaged at the Weldon railroad, losing 178 killed, wounded or missing. On August 10, 1864, the regiment was joined by the veterans and recruits of the 97th N. Y. infantry and remained on duty before Petersburg until the end of the siege, after which it was active at Five Forks, and was present at Lee's surrender. The 94th was mustered out at Washington, July 18, 1865, having lost 116 by death from wounds and 138 from other causes, of whom 37 died in imprisonment. Major Fish was killed in action at Five Forks.
Ninety-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, George H. Biddle, Edward Pye. James Creney; Lieutenant-Colonels, James B. Post. James Creney, Robert W. Bard; Majors, Edward Pye. Robert W. Bard, Abram S. Gurnee, Henry M. Jennings, Samuel C. Timpson, George D. Knight. The 95th. the "Warren Rifles." recruited mainly in New York city and vicinity, was mustered into the U. S. service at New York, from November, 1861, to March, 1862, for three years. It left for Washington, March 18, was attached to General Wadsworth's forces in the defenses there and later to the Department of the Rappahannock at Acquia creek. With the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, it participated in the Virginia campaign, suffering a loss of 113 at Manassas and the engagements leading up to it. In September, the division was transferred to the 1st corps; was active at South mountain and Antietam, and during the autumn took part in the operations at Philomont, Union and Upperville. Virginia. At Fredericksburg it was not placed in an exposed position, and at Chancellorsville and during the remainder of the war it served with the 5th corps, which was hotly engaged at Gettysburg, the 95th losing 115 in killed, wounded and missing. It was present at Rappahannock Station in October and shared in the Mine Run campaign. At Brandy Station, the winter quarters of the division, most of the members of the 95th reenlisted, securing its continuance as a veteran regiment. It was constantly engaged during the campaign under General Grant in the spring and summer of 1864, lost 174 men at the Wilderness, and day by day thereafter suffered depletion of its ranks. Colonel Pye was mortally wounded at Cold Harbor. The regiment was active in different stations before Petersburg, at the Weldon railroad, Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's run, in the Hicksford raid, and in the Appomattox campaign. It was mustered out at Washington, July 16, 1865, having lost 119 by death from wounds and 136 from other causes, of whom 80 died in imprisonment.
Ninety-sixth infantry.—Colonels, James Fairman, Charles O. Gray, Edgar M. Cullen, Stephen Moffitt; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles O. Gray, Addis E. Woodhull, Gerard L. McKenzie, Stephen Moffitt, George W. Hindes; Majors, John E. Kelly, Charles H. Burhaus, Henry I. Pierce, George W. Hindes, Courtland G. Babcock. The 96th, known as the Plattsburg regiment, was recruited mainly at Plattsburg and vicinity, and there mustered into the U. S. service on February 20 and March 7, 1862, for three years. It left for Washington on March 11, was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 4th corps, and embarked for the Peninsula; was present at the siege of Yorktown; fought in the battles of Williamsburg, Bottom's bridge and Savage Station; lost heavily at Fair Oaks; participated in the Seven Days' battles, and was stationed at Camp Hamilton, Virginia, until November, when it was ordered to Suffolk, where it remained for a month. With the 1st brigade, 1st division, it was then ordered to North Carolina and served in the 18th corps at New Berne and vicinity. It also participated in the Goldsboro expedition, Colonel Gray being mortally wounded at Kinston. The 18th corps was transferred to the Army of the James in April, 1864, and the o6th formed a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division. During May it was present at Swift creek, Proctor's creek, Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred, and joined the Army of the Potomac at Cold Harbor at the beginning of that battle. It then remained with the forces besieging Richmond until the end of the war, with the exception of the month of November, 1864, when it was ordered to New York harbor. Upon the organization of the 24th corps, the o6th became a part of the 3d division, remained in the field as a veteran regiment and received in Dec, 1864, the veterans and recruits of the 92nd N. Y. infantry. The regiment was active at Fort Harrison, with a total loss of 103 killed, wounded or missing; at Fair Oaks, and in the general assault on the Petersburg works, April 2, 1865. On June 13, 1865, the 118th and 184th N. Y. infantry were assigned to the 96th, and the regiment mustered out at City Point, Virginia, February 6, 1866, having been retained in service in the vicinity of Richmond for the performance of various necessary police and garrison duties. During its term of service the regiment lost 70 by death from wounds and 160 from other causes, of whom 36 died in prison.
Ninety-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Charles Wheelock, John P. Spofford; Lieutenant-Colonels, John P. Spofford, Rouse S. Eggleston; Majors, Charles Northrup, Rouse S. Eggleston, Delos E. Hall. The 97th, called the Conkling Rifles, was recruited in Oneida and Herkimer counties and mustered into the U. S. service at Boonville, February 19, 1862, for a three years' term. It left for Washington on March 12; was quartered at Fort Corcoran as part of General Wadsworth's command until May, when it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, Department of the Rappahannock and moved into Virginia, where it occupied various posts in the neighborhood of the Rappahannock river; was engaged at Cedar mountain, and lost m in killed, wounded and missing in the Manassas campaign. On September 12, the regiment, which had served with the 3d corps, was assigned to the 1st corps and fought in the 1st brigade, 2nd division at South mountain and Antietam, suffering in the latter battle the most severe loss of any battle of its service—24 killed, 74 wounded and 9 missing. At Fredericksburg the regiment was prominently engaged, but not at Chancellorsville in the following May. It marched with the corps to Gettysburg and distinguished itself by the brilliantly executed capture of the colors of the 20th N. C. and 382 prisoners. On the southward march it was present at Bristoe Station, and was in the Mine Run movement. While in camp at Brandy station, a sufficient number reenlisted to secure the continuance of the 97th in the field as a veteran regiment. In June, 1864, it was joined by the veterans and recruits of the 83d N. Y. infantry and in August, by the 94th, the 26th N. Y. having already been added to it in May, 1863. During Grant's famous campaign the 97th served in the 3d and 2nd divisions, 5th corps. Its heaviest losses during this campaign and subsequent operations were in the Wilderness, at Spottsylvania and near the Weldon railroad, but it shared in other engagements of the brigade at the North Anna river. Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, White Oak Swamp, before Petersburg, in the Hicksford raid and the Appomattox campaign. It was mustered out near Washington, July 18, 1865, having lost during service 182 by death from wounds and 157 by death from accident, imprisonment or disease, of whom 54 died in captivity.
Ninety-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, William Dutton, Charles Durkee, Frederick M. Wead, William Kreutzer; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles Durkee, Frederick M. Wead, William Kreutzer, William H. Rogers; Majors, Albon Mann, George H. Clark, William Hunt Rogers, Albert C. Wells. The 98th, the Wayne county regiment, was recruited mainly in Wayne county and mustered into the U. S. service at Malone and Lyons in February, 1862, for a three years' term. It left for Washington on March 8; was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 4th corps, with which it embarked for the Peninsula; was present at the siege of Yorktown and the battles of Williamsburg and Savage Station, but was not closely engaged until the battle of Fair Oaks, where the total loss of the regiment was 71 killed, wounded or missing. It was held in reserve during the Seven Days' battles and stationed at Yorktown at the time of the second battle of Bull Run. Assigned to the Department of North Carolina in Dec, 1862, it became a part of the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 18th corps in January, 1863, and served until the following October at various posts held by that corps. Returning to Virginia, it served until April, 1864, at Newport News, Portsmouth and in the Currituck district, and was then attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 18th corps, until the organization of the 24th corps in December, when it became a part of the 3d division of that corps, with which it remained during the war. It was engaged at Swift creek and Proctor's creek, Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred, in May, 1864; joined the Army of the Potomac before Cold Harbor and there lost 114 in killed, wounded and missing; was active in the battles at Fort Harrison, Fair Oaks, and in the final assault on the Petersburg works, April 2, 1865. The regiment was mustered out on August 31, 1865, at Richmond, having lost 102 by death from wounds and 136 by death from accident, imprisonment or disease. From June 19, 1865, the 139th N. Y. served with the 98th.
Ninety-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, David W. Wardrop; Lieutenant-Colonels, Gustave B. Helleday, Richard Nixon; Majors, Richard Nixon, John Franklin Bates, T. Edward Rawlings. The 99th known as the Union coast guard, or Bartlett's naval brigade, was organized early in the war in New York city, and was mustered into the state service (six companies) May 14, 1861. The brigade was to be provided with gunboats and cruise along the Atlantic coast. The organization left the state May 28, 1861, proceeding to Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where it reported to Major-General Butler for duty, but was not accepted by that officer. In August, 1861, it was reorganized as a regiment of infantry by order of the war department, and eight companies were mustered into the U. S. service between June 14 and October 2i, 1861, for three years. Two more companies were organized in September, 1861, and March, 1862, and on June 14, 1864, on the expiration of its term of service the original members (except veterans) were mustered out, the veterans and recruits being consolidated into a battalion of four companies, A, B, C and D. These were consolidated into three companies, September 15, 1864; and finally into two companies in February, 1865. A detachment of the regiment, operating as a coast guard, participated in a skirmish near New Market bridge, Virginia, in July, 1861, losing 6 killed and wounded, Major Rawlings being killed in this action. Detachments also took part in the skirmishes at Fletcher's wharf, on the Pocomoco. and at Cherry Stone inlet, Virginia, the capture of Forts Clark and Hatteras, Hatteras inlet, and a skirmish at Beacon island, N. C. On the steamers Southfield and Hunchback, Co. B formed part of Burnside's forces, and accompanied the expedition of that general to North Carolina in February, 1862, taking part in the battle of Roanoke island, and the action at Elizabeth City; Co. D, on the U. S. frigate Congress, took part in the naval engagement in Hampton Roads, in March, 1862, losing 2 killed and 5 wounded. Co. B was again in action at New Berne, where it lost 19 killed, wounded and missing, and in April, 1862, assisted in the siege and capture of Fort Macon, N. C. A part of the regiment participated in the skirmish at Tranter's creek, and the occupation of Norfolk, Virginia, and Co. I, on the steamer C. P. Smith, skirmished near Windsor Shade, Chickahominy river, Virginia, and on the James river, near Harrison's landing. During the latter part of 1862, and until March, 1863, the regiment (except Co. I, on the gunboats West End and Smith Briggs) served by detachments at Fortress Monroe, Norfolk, Fort Wool and Sewall's point, Virginia. In the spring of 1863, it took an active part in the defense of Suffolk, during which Co. I suffered severely in the attack on the steamer Smith Briggs, and the regiment met with further losses in the skirmishes on the South Quay road and at South Quay bridge. The casualties during the siege aggregated 71 killed and wounded. It was at this time attached to the reserve brigade, Peck's division, 7th corps, and afterwards served in Wistar's brigade, Department of Virginia, at the White House, Yorktown and Gloucester. In May it skirmished at Antioch Church and Baker's cross-roads, Virginia, and in June at Franklin, Virginia. Detachments were also engaged at Walkerstown, Virginia, and at South Anna Bridge. In October, 1863, the regiment was ordered to New Berne, N. C. and attached to the 18th corps and from January to April, 1864, was in Palmer's brigade, Peck's division, 18th corps. It sustained a loss of several men captured in the affair at Smithfield. Virginia, in January, 1864, and met with a further loss of 54 men during the attack on New Berne, in February. The regiment, now consolidated into a veteran battalion, continued to serve in North Carolina, taking part in a skirmish at Beech Grove, and closed its active service by embarking on the campaign of the Carolinas in 1865. as a part of Carter's division, provisional corps, afterwards in the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 23d corps. It was present at Johnston's surrender, and was finally mustered out, July 15, 1865, at Salisbury, N. C. The regiment lost during its term of service, 2 officers, 37 enlisted men, killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers, 161 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 203; of these, 71 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundredth Infantry.—Colonels, James M. Brown. George F. B. Dandy; Lieutenant-Colonels, Phineas Stanton, Calvin N. Otis, Louis S. Payne, Warren Granger; Majors, Calvin N. Otis, Daniel D. Nash, James H. Dandy, George H. Stowitz, Frederick A. Sawyer. The 100th, known as the 2nd regiment, Eagle brigade, or the 3d Buffalo regiment, was principally recruited at Buffalo, where it was organized, and mustered into the U. S. service from September, 1861, to January, 1862, for three years. This regiment is included by Colonel Fox among the "three hundred fighting regiments" of the war and earned its reputation for gallantry on many a hard fought field. It left the state for Washington on March 10, 1862, 960 strong, and soon after its arrival was assigned to Naglee's (1st) brigade, Casey's (2nd) division, 4th corps. It joined in McClellan's Peninsular campaign, its losses at Fair Oaks being particularly severe—176 killed, wounded and missing. Colonel Brown was killed here and Colonel Dandy, of the regular army, was assigned to the command of the regiment. At the conclusion of this campaign it was stationed for several months at Gloucester point and Yorktown. and then moved with its brigade to North Carolina. The regiment was present at all the operations about Charleston harbor during the spring of 1863, and, under the command of Colonel Dandy, engaged in the desperate assault on Fort Wagner in July. While the assault was unsuccessful the regiment behaved with signal gallantry, planting the flag presented to it by the board of trade of Buffalo, on the fort, though at a fearful cost of life. The brave color-sergeant fell dead beside the colors, and the regiment sustained a loss of 49 killed, 97 wounded and 29 missing—a total of 175 out of 478 engaged. Its loss here of 66 killed and mortally wounded amounts to over 13 per cent, of those in action. During the subsequent siege of Fort Wagner its losses were 11 killed. 31 wounded and 7 missing. It next took part in the operations in Charleston harbor from September to December, attached to Terry's division, 10th corps, but sustained no further losses in action. In Plaisted's brigade, Foster's (1st) division, 10th corps, the regiment sailed up the James river in May, 1864, with the Army of the James, under General Butler, and took part during that month in the operations against Petersburg and Richmond, engaging the enemy at Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, Swift creek, Procter's creek, Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred. Its losses during this campaign were again very heavy, amounting to 280 in killed, wounded and missing. It was next engaged in the assault on the works of Petersburg, the battles of Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Fort Harrison, Darbytown road and Fair Oaks. In the action at Strawberry Plains it lost 81 in killed, wounded and missing, at Fair Oaks, the loss was 17, and while in the trenches before Petersburg it met with frequent casualties, aggregating 28 killed, wounded and missing. The 10th corps was discontinued in Dec, 1864, and the regiment became a part of the 3d (Plaisted's) brigade, 1st (Terry's) division, 24th corps. It was actively engaged at the fall of Petersburg, April2, 1865, when it made a gallant and successful assault on Fort Gregg, and sustained a loss of 59 in killed and wounded; among the former was Major James H. Dandy, a brave and efficient officer. It then participated in the pursuit of Lee and was present at Appomattox. On the expiration of its term of enlistment the original members, except veterans, were mustered out, and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, continued in service. In July, 1865, it was consolidated with the 148th and 158th N. Y., and was finally mustered out of service, under Colonel Dandy, August 28, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia. Corp. John Kane was awarded a medal of honor for gallantry. Its loss during service was 12 officers and 182 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 131 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; 71 enlisted died in Confederate prisons—total, 397, out of a total strength of 1,491.
One Hundred and First Infantry.—Colonels, Enrico Fardella, George F. Chester; Lieut-Colonels, Johnson B. Brown, Gustavus Sniper; Majors, Gustavus Sniper, Samuel L. Mitchell. This regiment, known as the Union brigade or Onondaga regiment, was organized at Hancock, January 3, 1862, was recruited in the counties of Delaware, New York and Onondaga, and was mustered in from September 2, 1861, to February 28, 1862. It left the state for Washington March 9, 1862, and in June was assigned to Kearny's famous division, 3d corps, with which it took part in the Seven Days' battles, fighting at Oak Grove, Glendale, and Malvern hill, with a loss during the campaign of 7 killed, 15 wounded and 22 missing. On August 14, the regiment marched with the 3d corps to Yorktown, whence it embarked for Alexandria, and proceeded from there to Warrenton Junction, where it was sent to reinforce General Pope. It was engaged at Groveton, the second Bull Run and Chantilly, sustaining a loss at Bull Run of 6 killed, 101 wounded, and 17 missing, a total of 124 out of 168 engaged, or over 73 per cent.—a percentage only exceeded in any one battle by two other regiments in the Union Army. It was active at the battle of Fredericksburg in December, losing 13 killed and wounded. On December 24, 1862, it was transferred to the 37th N. Y. infantry and the officers were mustered out. The regiment lost during service 1 officer and 25 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 48 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total, 2 officers and 73 enlisted men.
One Hundred and Second Infantry.—Colonels. Thomas B. Van Buren, James C. Lane, Herbert Hammerstien, Harvey S. Chatfield; Lieutenant-Colonels, William B. Hayward, James C. Lane, Harvey S. Chatfield, Oscar J. Spaulding; Majors, James C. Lane, F. Eugene Trotter, Gilbert M. Elliott, Lewis R. Stegman, Oscar J. Spaulding, Reuben H. Wilber. This regiment, known as the Van Buren light infantry, was principally recruited at New York city, and was formed by the consolidation of the Von Beck rifles under Colonel R. H. Shannon, and part of the McClellan infantry under Colonel S. Levy, with Colonel Van Buren's command. The organization was completed later by the addition of two companies from the 78th Cameron Highlanders and Co. A, 12th militia, and was mustered into the U. S. service from November, 1861, to April, 1862. In July, 1864, its ranks were filled by the transfer of the officers and men of the 78th N. Y. infantry. On the expiration of its term of service the original members (except veterans) were mustered out, and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits continued in service. Early in June, 1865, it received by transfer the remaining men of the 119th, 154th, 137th, 149th, 134th, and 184th N. Y. Vols. The regiment, eight companies, left the state on March 10, 1862, followed by Cos. I and K on April 7. Assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, Army of Virginia, it fought its first severe engagement at Cedar mountain, where its loss was 115 killed, wounded and missing. The regiment then moved with its corps to the support of Pope, fought at the second battle of Bull Run, and went into position at Chantilly. but was not engaged. In the same brigade and division, 12th corps, it was actively engaged at Antietam, losing 37 killed, wounded and missing, and was then successively engaged in the minor actions at Lovettsville, Ripon, Hillsboro, Winchester, Wolf Run shoal, and Fairfax Station, going into winter quarters at Stafford Court House. At the battle of Chancellorsville the 102nd, which fought in Geary's division of the 12th corps, lost 90 killed, wounded and missing. It was heavily engaged with the '-White Star" division at Gettysburg, where its total loss was 29. It followed with its corps in pursuit of Lee's fleeing army, being engaged at Ellis' ford and Stevensburg, and in the latter part of September moved with the corps to Tennessee to reinforce General Rosecrans. It engaged in the midnight battle of Wauhatchie; then started on the Chattanooga and Rossville campaign, fighting the famous "Battle above the clouds" on Lookout mountain, where the division led the advance; then fought at Missionary ridge and Ringgold gap, its loss in the campaign being 14 killed, wounded and missing. In the same brigade and division, 20th corps, the 102nd was with General Sherman all through his Atlanta campaign, fighting at Villanow, Mill Creek gap, Resaca, Calhoun, Cassville, Dallas, Acworth, Kennesaw mountain, Chattahoochee river, Peachtree creek, where its losses amounted to 53 in killed, wounded and missing, and at Bald hill. It moved in November with Sherman's army on the march to the sea, shared in the siege of Savannah, its active service closing with the campaign in the Carolinas, during which it was engaged at Wadesboro, Averasboro, Bentonville, Goldsboro, Raleigh, and Bennett's house, losing 18 killed, wounded and missing during this final campaign. It was mustered out under Colonel Chatfield, July 21, 1865, at Alexandria, Virginia. During its long and honorable service the 102nd buried its dead in seven states, and participated in over 40 battles and minor engagements. It participated in many a famous charge, one of the most gallant being at Lookout mountain, where the regiment, as part of Ireland's brigade, struck the enemy on the flank and drove him in confusion from the field. It belonged to the gallant White Star division, commanded by General Geary, who complimented the regiment as follows: "It may safely be asserted that no organization in the army has a prouder record, or has passed through more arduous, varied and bloody campaigns." The loss of the regiment during service was 7 officers and 67 men killed and mortally wounded; 82 men died of disease, accident, etc., a total of 7 officers and 149 enlisted men. The gallant Major Elliott was killed in action at Lookout mountain.
One Hundred and Third Infantry.—Colonels, Baron Fred W. Von Egloffstein. Benjamin Ringold, Wilhelm Heine; Lieutenant-Colonels, Rasper Schneider, Julius C. Kretschmar, Julius E. Quentin, Andreas Wettstien; Majors, Julius C. Kretschmar, Julius E. Quentin, Benjamin Ringold, Joseph Morrison. This regiment, known as the Seward infantry, recruited in the counties of New York and Chemung and organized at New York city, March 1, 1862, was mustered into the U. S. service from November 1861, to March, 1862, for three years. Co. C was mustered out May 8, 1862. On the expiration of its term of service the original members (except veterans) were mustered out at New York city, under Colonel Heine, and the veterans and recruits were consolidated on March 4, 1865, into a battalion of three companies. This battalion was retained in service until December 7, 1865, when it was mustered out, under Captain William Redlich, at City Point. Virginia. The regiment left the state on March 5, 1862, and was stationed for a month at Washington and Norfolk, when it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, Department of North Carolina, and took part in the actions at Foy's plantation, Fort Macon, Gillett's farm, Haughton's mill and Dismal swamp, N. C. When the 9th corps was formed in July, 1862, the 103d was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, and moved with the corps, under Major-General Reno, on McClellan's Maryland campaign in September. It was heavily engaged at Antietam, losing 117 officers and men in killed, wounded and missing, its severest loss being incurred in the gallant charge at the stone bridge. Among the mortally wounded were Captains Henry A. Sand and William Brandt. On November 15 it was engaged at Fayetteville, and lost 25 in killed, wounded and missing at the battle of Fredericksburg in December. With the 7th corps it took part in the siege of Suffolk in the spring of 1863, and lost 20 in killed, wounded and missing at Providence Church road, Colonel Ringold being among the killed. In August it was ordered to South Carolina, where it took part in the siege of Fort Wagner and the subsequent operations about Charleston harbor. During the actions on James island, in May, June and July, 1864, it lost 45 men in killed, wounded and missing. In Dec, 1864, it was assigned to the 1st brigade, Ferrero's division, Army of the James, at Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, and took part in the siege of Petersburg until its fall on April 2. 1865, but sustained no further losses in battle. During its term of service it lost 4 officers and 61 men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 100 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 7 officers and 161 men.
One Hundred and Fourth Infantry.—Colonels, John Rohrbach, Lewis C. Skinner, Gilbert G. Prey, John R. Strang; Lieutenant-Colonels, R. Wells Kenyon, Lewis C. Skinner, Gilbert G. Prey, Henry G. Tuthill, John R. Strang, H. A. Wiley; Majors, Lewis C. Skinner, Gilbert G. Prey, John R. Strang, Henry V. Colt, Henry A. Wiley, William C. Wilson. This regiment, known as the Wadsworth Guards, or the Livingston county regiment, was recruited in the counties of Albany, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Rensselaer and Steuben. It was organized at Albany by the consolidation of the Morgan Guards, under Colonel John J. Viele, with the Genesee regiment under Colonel Rohrbach, and was mustered into the U. S. service from September. 1861, to March, 1862, for three years. On the expiration of its term of service a sufficient number reenlisted to enable it to continue in service as a veteran organization. The regiment left the state on March 22, 1862, and served for some weeks in General Wadsworth's command in the District of Washington. As a part of the 3d corps, it was in action for the first time at Cedar mountain, but about a week later it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 1st corps, and moved on Pope's Virginia campaign, being engaged at Rappahannock Station, Thoroughfare gap, Bull Run, and Little River turnpike, with a loss during the campaign of 89 killed, wounded and missing. Lieutenant John P. Rudd, who fell at Bull Run, was the first man of the regiment to be killed. In September the 104th moved on the Maryland campaign under General Mc Gel Ian; fought at South mountain, and lost 82 in killed, wounded and missing at Antietam, where the 1st corps, under General Hooker, opened the battle. At Fredericksburg it lost 52 killed, wounded and missing; was in reserve at Chancellorsville; was heavily engaged at Gettysburg, where it lost 194 in killed, wounded and missing; engaged without loss in the Mine Run campaign, the last campaign of the old 1st corps. In March, 1864, it was assigned to the 5th corps, with which it continued during the remainder of the war. It took part in all the bloody battles of the Wilderness campaign, losing heavily at Spottsylvania, the first assaults on Petersburg, and at the Weldon railroad. After August, 1864, it performed provost guard duty with its corps, and served with slight loss through the final battles of the war, ending with Lee's surrender at Appomattox. It was mustered out under Colonel Strang, at Washington, D. C, July 17, 1865, having lost during its term of service 5 officers and 85 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 145 enlisted men by disease and other causes, a total of 237. One Hundred and Fifth Infantry.—Colonels, James M. Fuller, Howard Carroll, John W. Shedd; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry L. Achilles, Howard Carroll, Richard Whiteside; Majors, John W. Shedd, Daniel A. Sharp. This regiment, known as the Le Roy or Rochester regiment, was recruited in the counties of Cattaraugus, Genesee, Monroe and Niagara, and was organized March 15, 1862, by the consolidation of the regiment being recruited at Rochester under Colonel Howard Carroll, with one being recruited at LeRoy under Colonel James M. Fuller. The 105th was mustered into the U. S. service from November, 1861, to March, 1862, for three years; left the state on April 4, was stationed for a month at Washington; then as part of the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps, Army of Virginia, it participated in its first battle at Cedar mountain, where 8 were wounded. A week later it moved on General Pope's Virginia campaign, culminating in the second battle of Bull Run, its loss in the campaign being 89 killed, wounded and missing. In the ensuing Maryland campaign under McClellan, it fought in the same brigade and division, but the corps was now called the 1st and Hooker had succeeded McDowell in command. The regiment had slight losses at South mountain, but suffered severely at Antietam, where the 1st corps opened the battle, losing 74 killed, wounded and missing. It was prominently engaged at Fredericksburg, where General Reynolds commanded the 1st corps, the 105th losing 78 killed, wounded and missing. It had become much reduced in numbers, and in March, 1863, was consolidated into five companies, F, G, H, I and K, and transferred to the 94th N. Y. infantry, (q. v.) It had lost during service 2 officers and 48 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 45 enlisted men who died of disease and other causes, a total of 95. Its gallant Lieutenant-Colonel Howard Carroll was among the mortally wounded at Antietam.
One Hundred and Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Schuyler F. Judd, Edward C. James, Frederick E. Embrick, Lewis F. Barney, Andrew N. McDonald; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward C. James, Fred. E. Embrick, Charles Townsend, Andrew N. McDonald, Henry C. Allen, A. W. Briggs; Majors, Charles Townsend, Andrew N. McDonald, Edward M. Paine, Henry C. Allen, William P. Huxford. This was a St. Lawrence county regiment, organized at Ogdensburg, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years August 27, 1862. It left the state the following day and during its long period of service established a reputation for itself which entitles it to rank among the three hundred fighting regiments of the war. It took part in the following battles: Fairmount and Martinsburg, West Virginia; Culpeper, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna river, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, first assault on Petersburg, and the Weldon railroad, Virginia; Monocacy, Maryland, Charlestown, , Opequan, Fisher's hill, Cedar Creek, Virginia; fall of Petersburg, Sailor's creek, and was present at Wapping heights, siege of Petersburg, Hatcher's run and Appomattox. After leaving the state it served first in the railroad division, 8th corps, Middle Department, and was then ordered to New creek, West Virginia. The following is quoted from Colonel Fox's account of the regiment: "Companies D and F were captured, April 29, 1863, at Fairmount, West Virginia, where they defended a railroad bridge for several hours against a large force of Confederates. The captured men were immediately released on parole. The regiment left North mountain, June 13, 1863, and, with the other troops in that vicinity, retired before the advance of Lee's army. It joined the Army of the Potomac, July 10, 1863, while near Frederick, Maryland, and with other new material was organized as the 3d division (Carr's) of the 3d corps. This division was transferred in March, 1864, to the 6th corps, and its command given to General Ricketts. While in the 6th corps the regiment saw hard service and almost continuous fighting. At Cold Harbor it lost 23 killed, 88 wounded, and 23 missing,—Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Townsend and 3 other officers being among the killed. The corps was ordered soon afterward to Maryland, where, at the battle of Monocacy, the regiment sustained another severe loss. It was actively engaged in the Shenandoah Valley, in all the battles of the corps, and then, returning to Petersburg, participated in the final campaign. At Spottsylvania the casualties in the regiment aggregated 6 killed and 32 wounded; at the Opequan, 6 killed, 45 wounded, and 3 missing; and at Cedar creek, 8 killed and 45 wounded. General Ricketts was wounded at Cedar creek, after which the division was commanded by General Seymour." The regiment was mustered out at Washington, D. C., June 22 and 27, 1865. During its term of service it lost 10 officers and 127 men killed and died of wounds; 4 officers and 166 men died of disease, accident, etc., a total of 307, of whom 52 men died in prison. The total enrollment was 1,367, of whom 10 per cent, were killed in action.
One Hundred and Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Robert B. Van Valkenburgh, Alexander S. Diven. Nirom M. Crane; Lieutenant-Colonels, Alexander S. Diven, Gabriel L. Smith, Newton T. Colby, William F. Fox, Lathrop Baldwin, Allen S. Sill; Majors, Gabriel L. Smith, Newton T. Colby, William F. Fox, Lathrop Baldwin, Allen S. Sill, Charles J. Fox. This regiment, known as the Campbell Guards, was recruited in the counties of Chemung, Schuyler and Steuben, rendezvoused at Elmira, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, August 13, 1862. It was a fine regiment, noted for its efficiency and discipline, the first regiment from the North organized under the second call, and the first to arrive at Washington, in acknowledgment of which it received a banner from the state and a personal visit from the president. It was raised by two patriotic members of the legislature, Robert B. Van Valkenburg, and Alexander S. Diven. who became colonel and lieutenant-colonel, respectively. It left the state on August 13, 1862; was stationed in the defenses of Washington for a month; was then assigned to the 1st division (Williams), 12th corps (Mansfield), and fought its first battle at Antietam, where it was heavily engaged, losing 63 in killed, wounded and missing. The veteran General Mansfield fell, mortally wounded at Antietam, and General Henry W. Slocum succeeded to the command of the corps. The regiment was again heavily engaged at the disastrous battle of Chancellorsville, where the brunt of the fighting fell on the 3d and 12th corps, and lost in this action 83 killed, wounded and missing, among the killed being Captain Nathaniel E. Rutter. The regiment was only slightly engaged at Gettysburg, and after the battle joined with its corps in pursuit of Lee into Virginia, engaging without loss at Jones' crossroads and near Williamsport, Maryland. In September it was ordered with the corps to Tennessee to reinforce Rosecrans, and was stationed along the railroad from Murfreesboro to Bridgeport. In April, 1864, the 12th corps was changed to the 20th, but Williams' division retained its red star. On December 9, 1863, four cos. of the 145th were transferred to the 107th, and in May the regiment moved on the Atlanta campaign. It fought at Resaca, Cassville, and Dallas, and lost 26 killed and 141 wounded at New Hope Church. From June 9 to July 2 it was engaged about Kennesaw mountain; fought at Peachtree creek and took part in the siege of Atlanta; moved in November on Sherman's march to the sea; then took part in the final campaign of the Carolinas, being engaged at Rockingham, Fayetteville, Averasboro (where it lost 46 killed, wounded and missing), Bentonville, Raleigh and Bennett's house. It was mustered out near Washington, D. C, under Colonel Crane, June 5, 1865, having lost during its term of service 4 officers and 87 enlisted men, killed and died of wounds; 131 enlisted men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., total deaths, 222.
One Hundred and Eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Oliver H. Palmer, Charles J. Powers; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles J. Powers, Francis E. Pierce; Majors, George B. Force, Francis E. Pierce, Harmon S. Hogaboom, William H. Andrews. The 108th regiment was recruited and organized at Rochester, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, August 16-18, 1862. It left the state the following day, and served in the defenses of Washington, until September 6, when it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division (French's), 2nd corps, and engaged in its first battle at Antietam. The new regiment suffered a loss in the battle of 30 killed. 122 wounded and 43 missing. Its next battle was at Fredericksburg, where General Couch commanded the corps, and the regiment again suffered severely, losing 92 in killed, wounded and missing. Its loss at Chancellorsville was 52. General Hancock being in command of the corps and General Alex. Hays the division. At Gettysburg, where the regiment again met with a severe loss on the second and third days, its casualties amounted to 102 killed and wounded. In October it was engaged with some loss at Auburn and Bristoe Station, a 2nd corps affair; was active during the Mine Run campaign at the close of the year, and at the battle of Morton's ford in February, 1864. On the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac in March, 1864, the 3d division was consolidated with the 1st and 2nd, the 108th being assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, with which it crossed the Rapidan and engaged in the Wilderness campaign. It lost 52 at the battle of the Wilderness, at Spottsylvania. suffered constant losses in the subsequent battles leading up to Petersburg, and in the battles at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station, Boydton plank road, Hatcher's run, the final assault on Petersburg, and fought its last battle at Farmville, two days before Lee's surrender. It was mustered out under Colonel Powers, May 28, 1865, at Bailey's cross-roads, Virginia, and the men not then entitled to discharge were transferred to the 59th N. Y. Major Force was killed at Antietam, and both Colonel Palmer and Colonel Powers were promoted to the rank of brevet brigadier-general for faithful and meritorious services. The regiment lost during service 9 officers and 106 men killed and mortally wounded; 90 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 205. Among the many brilliant achievements of the regiment, it is related that in the fight at Morton's ford the 108th advanced rapidly and without firing a shot to a stone wall occupied by the enemy, when they delivered a volley and with shouts leaped over the wall and were soon in possession of an important position which virtually decided the contest.
One Hundred and Ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Benjamin F. Tracy, Isaac S. Catlin; Lieutenant-Colonels, Isaac S. Catlin, Philo B. Stilson; Majors, Philo B. Stilson, George W. Dunn, Zelotus G. Gordon. This regiment was organized at Binghamton, where it was mustered into the U. S. service August 28, 1862, for three years. The companies were recruited in the counties of Tomkins, Tioga and Broome—the 24th senatorial district. The regiment gained a splendid reputation for hard fighting, discipline and efficiency, and is ranked by Colonel Fox among the three hundred fighting regiments of the war. He says: "The regiment left Binghamton promptly, proceeding to Annapolis Junction, Maryland, where it was placed on guard duty along the line of railroad to Washington, a few of the companies being .stationed at Laurel, Maryland. It remained there the rest of the year and during all of 1863. In the spring of 1864, the regiment was ordered to join the 9th corps, then assembling at Annapolis, and it accordingly took the field in the ranks of that battle-tried command. It was assigned to Hartranft's (1st) brigade, Willcox's (3d) division,—afterwards Harriman's brigade of Willcox's (1st) division. Colonel Tracy resigned May 20, 1864, and Colonel Catlin, a gallant and meritorious officer, succeeded to the command. The corps left Annapolis, April 23, 1864, and crossing the Rapidan on May 5th, the 109th was engaged the next day at the Wilderness, in its first battle, where it lost 11 killed, 64 wounded, and 1 missing. In the charge of the 9th corps at Spottsylvania. the regiment lost 25 killed, 86 wounded, and 29 missing; in the assault on Petersburg, June 17, 1864, 26 killed, 81 wounded, and 20 missing; at the mine explosion, July 30. 1864, 11 killed, 24 wounded, and 18 missing; and at the Weldon railroad, August 19, 1864, 7 killed, 12 wounded, and 1 missing. The regiment was under fire at the battle on the Boydton road, October 27, 1864, with a slight loss in wounded and missing, but none killed. It suffered severely while in the trenches before Petersburg, where for several weeks it lost men daily, either killed or wounded. During its eleven months in the field the hard fighting cost the regiment 614 men in killed and wounded, aside from the missing or prisoners." Its loss by death during service was 5 officers and 160 men; by disease and other causes, 164 men—total deaths, 329. The percentage of killed, 165, to the total enrollment, 1353 was 12.1. It was mustered out of service June 4, 1865, at Delaney house, D. C.
One Hundred and Tenth Infantry.—Colonels, DeWitt C. Littlejohn, Clinton H. Sage, Charles Hamilton; Lieutenant-Colonels, Clinton H. Sage, Warren D. Smith; Majors, Charles Hamilton, Henry C. Devendorf. This was an Oswego county regiment, organized at Oswego, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, August 25, 1862. It left the state on the 29th, proceeding to Baltimore, where it was stationed until November, 1862, when it was ordered to New Orleans, and early in 1863 was assigned to Emory's division of the 19th corps. Its first experience under fire was at Fort Bisland, and at Franklin it had 12 killed and wounded. It took part in the long siege of Port Hudson and shared in the grand assault of June 14. The total loss of the regiment during the siege was 37 killed, wounded and missing. Its last battle was at Vermillion bayou, Louisiana, in November 1863, where it lost 6 killed and wounded. In February, 1864, it was ordered to Fort Jefferson, Florida. The regiment was mustered out at Albany, under Colonel Hamilton, August 28, 1865. It lost during service 2 officers and 14 men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 192 men died of disease and other causes—total deaths, 211. The high percentage of loss by disease was due to the long service of the regiment in the extreme South.
One Hundred and Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, Jesse Segoine, C. Dugald McDougall, Lewis W. Husk; Lieutenant-Colonels, Clinton D. McDougall, Seneca B. Smith, Isaac M. Lusk, Aaron P. Seeley, Lewis W. Husk, Sidney Mead; Majors, Seneca B. Smith, Isaac M. Lusk, James H. Hinman, Lewis W. Husk, Joseph W. Corning, Sidney Mead, Reuben J. Meyers. No regiment sent out by the state saw harder service than the gallant 111th. It was organized at Auburn from companies recruited in the counties of Cayuga and Wayne,— the Twenty-fifth senatorial district—and was mustered into the U. S. service, August 20, 1862. It left the city the following day for Harper's Ferry, where it had the misfortune to be surrendered with that ill-fated garrison the following month. The men were paroled at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and in Dec, 1862, were declared exchanged and went into winter quarters at Centerville, Virginia. Later the regiment was assigned to the 3d (Alex. Hays') brigade, Casey's division, 22nd corps, where it remained until June, 1863. Colonel Fox, in his account of the three hundred fighting regiments, speaking of the 111th, says: "On June 25, 1863, the brigade joined the 2nd corps which was then marching by on its way to Gettysburg. The regiment left two companies on guard at Accotink bridge; with the remaining eight companies, numbering 30o men, it was engaged at Gettysburg on the second day of the battle, in the brilliant and successful charge of Willard's brigade, losing 58 killed, 177 wounded, and 14 missing; total, 249. The regiment did some more good fighting at the Wilderness, where it lost 42 killed, 119 wounded, and 17 missing; total, 178—over half of its effective strength. Its casualties in the fighting around Spottsylvania amounted to 22 killed, 37 wounded, and 13 missing. From Gettysburg until the end, the regiment fought under Hancock in the 2nd corps, participating in every battle of that command. While on the Gettysburg campaign, and subsequently at Bristoe Station, Mine Run and Morton's ford, the regiment was attached to the 3d brigade, 3d division (Alex. Hayes'). Just before the Wilderness campaign it was placed in Frank's (3d) brigade, Barlow's (1st) division. This brigade was composed entirely of New York troops, the 39th, 111th, 125th, and 126th, to which were added in April, 1864, the 52nd and 57th, and later on, the 7th N. Y.; all crack fighting regiments." The regiment lost 81 killed and wounded during the final Appomattox campaign. It was mustered out near Alexandria, Virginia, June 3, 1865. The regiment bore an honorable part in 22 great battles. Its total enrollment during service was 1,780, of whom 10 officers and 210 men were killed and mortally wounded; its total of 220 killed and died of wounds is only exceeded by four other N. Y. regiments—the 69th, 40th, 48th and 121st—and is only exceeded by 24 other regiments in the Union armies. It lost 2 officers and 177 men by disease and other causes—total deaths, 404— of whom 2 officers and 74 men died in Confederate prisons.
One Hundred and Twelfth Infantry.—Colonels, Jeremiah C. Drake, John F. Smith, Ephraim A. Ludwick; Lieutenant-Colonels, Frederick A. Redington, Elial F. Carpenter, John F. Smith, William H. Chaddock, Ephraim A. Ludwick, Alfred Dunham; Majors, Elial F. Carpenter, John F. Smith, William H. Chaddock, Ephraim A. Ludwick, Joseph S. Matthews. This regiment, known as the Chautauqua regiment, was raised in Chautauqua county—the 32nd senatorial district. The companies rendezvoused at Jamestown, and were mustered into the U. S. service on September 11, 1862, for three years. Colonel Drake at the time of his appointment was a captain in the 49th N. Y. infantry, and was a graduate of Rochester university. He had left the pastorate of a Baptist church in Westfield, N. Y., to respond to the first call for troops. The regiment left the state September 12, embarking for Fortress Monroe, whence it proceeded to Suffolk, Virginia. It was engaged at Franklin, Zuni, and Deserted House, having 1 killed, and 1 wounded in the last named action. It shared with credit in the siege of Suffolk in the spring of 1863, where much sickness prevailed and it lost severely by disease. In June, 1863, with Foster's brigade, 7th corps, it participated in the campaign up the Peninsula,—a campaign, trying by reason of the heat and the rapid forced marches. It was ordered to Folly island, N. C., in August, 1863; shared in the operations about Charleston harbor, including the siege of Fort Wagner and the bombardments of Fort Sumter. In the latter part of February, 1864, it sailed for Florida, encamping at Jacksonville until April 21, when it embarked with its division for Yorktown, Virginia. Here it was placed in General Butler's Army of the James, and assigned to Drake's (2nd) brigade, Ames' (3d) division, 10th corps, with which it took part in the campaign in May against Richmond, via the James river. On May 6, it disembarked at Bermuda Hundred and was engaged during the month at Port Walthall Junction, and Chester Station, Swift creek, Proctor's creek, Drewry's bluff, and Bermuda Hundred, losing 35 in killed, wounded and missing, the gallant and popular Lieutenant-Colonel Carpenter being mortally wounded in the engagement at Drewry's bluff on May 16. In the first assault at Cold Harbor it suffered severely, losing 28 killed, 140 wounded and 12 missing. It suffered some loss during the first assaults on Petersburg, and at the mine explosion. At the battle of Fort Harrison it lost 6 killed, 38 wounded and 16 missing, and at the Darbytown road, 7 killed, 28 wounded. In Dec, 1864 it sailed with Ames' division to Fort Fisher, N. C., where in the final assault on the works it lost 11 killed and 36 wounded, Colonel Smith being killed while bravely leading the regiment. Its subsequent active service was at the Cape Fear intrenchments, Fort Anderson. Wilmington, and the final campaign of the Carolinas, in which it was engaged at Cox's bridge, Faisson's and Bennett's house. It was mustered out under Colonel Ludwick, June 13, 1865, at Raleigh, N. C. The total enrollment of the regiment (luring service was 1,481, of whom 9 officers and 119 men were killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 196 men died of disease and other causes—total deaths 327. The total number of killed and wounded was 541, and 22 died in Confederate prisons. Colonel Fox numbers the 112th among the three hundred fighting regiments.
One Hundred and Thirteenth Infantry.—This regiment was converted into an artillery regiment, December 19, 1862, and its record will be found under the "7th Artillery."
One Hundred and Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Elisha B. Smith, Samuel R. Per Lee; Lieutenant-Colonels, Samuel R. Per Lee, Henry B. Morse; Majors, Henry B. Morse, Oscar H. Curtiss. Seven companies of this regiment were recruited in Chenango county and three in Madison. They rendezvoused at Norwich, where the regiment was organized, and mustered into the U. S. service for three years, September 3, 1862. Three days later it started for the front, moving to Binghamton by canal boats, and proceeding thence to Baltimore. In November it sailed for New Orleans as part of Banks' expedition, and on its arrival there was assigned to Weitzel's (2nd) brigade, Augur's (1st) division, 19th corps. It was stationed for a time at Brashear City and neighboring points, and was first engaged at Fort Bisland, where it had 11 men wounded, 3 mortally. It did not participate in the Bayou Teche campaign, but joined its corps before Port Hudson, May 30, 1863, where it was actively engaged for 40 days in the siege and suffered severely in the grand assault of June 14. The loss of the regiment during the siege was 73 in killed, wounded and missing. In March, 1864, in Dwight's (1st) brigade, Emory's (1st) division, 19th corps, it moved on Banks' Red River campaign, engaging at Sabine cross-roads, where Lieutenant-Colonel Morse, commanding the regiment, was wounded, at Pleasant Hill, Cane river crossing and Mansura. On July 15, it embarked for Washington, the corps having been ordered to Virginia. On its arrival, it marched through Maryland, and then joined in Sheridan's famous Shenandoah campaign against Early. The regiment fought with the utmost gallantry at the battle of the Opequan, where it was subjected to a murderous fire, losing 188 killed and wounded, or three-fifths of those engaged, and being complimented for gallantry by the division-general. It was present at Fisher's hill and Woodstock, and again showed its splendid fighting qualities at Cedar creek, with a loss of 21 killed, 86 wounded, and 8 missing. Colonel Per Lee was among the wounded at the Opequan, and was promoted for gallantry to brevet brigadier-general. The regiment was mustered out, under Colonel Per Lee, June 8, 1865, at Bladensburgh, Maryland. Its total enrollment during service was 1,134, of whom 9 officers and 114 men were killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 192 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths 317. Its loss in killed and wounded was 422, or 10.6 per cent. Its proud record entitles it to rank among the three hundred fighting regiments of the war.
One Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Simeon Sammons, Nathan J. Johnson; Lieutenant-Colonels, George S. Batcheller, Nathan J. Johnson, Ezra L. Walrath; Majors, Patrick H. Cowam, Ezra L. Walrath, Egbert B. Savage. The 115th, "Iron Hearts," was recruited during July and August, 1862, in the counties of Fulton, Hamilton. Montgomery and Saratoga. It was organized at Fonda, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on August 26, 1862, for three years, and left the state on the 30th, proceeding to Sandy Hook, Maryland, where it received its arms and equipments. Two weeks later it was surrendered with other troops at Harper's Ferry, and after being paroled proceeded to Chicago, 11l., to await exchange. During the year 1863 the regiment served at Hilton Head and Beaufort, S. C., whence it was ordered to Florida, in the latter part of January, 1864. It fought gallantly at the battle of Olustee, losing nearly 30o in killed, wounded and missing; nearly all the color guard being shot down. On April 15, 1864, it embarked for Virginia with the 10th corps, and on its arrival at Fortress Monroe, joined General Butler's Army of the James, with which it participated in the campaign against Richmond in May, via the James river. It was assigned to Barton's (2nd) brigade, Turner's (2nd) division, 10th corps. In the actions at Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, Ware Bottom Church, Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred, it lost 6 killed, 87 wounded, and 7 missing. While at Cold Harbor, where it lost 18 killed and wounded, it was temporarily attached to the 18th corps, but on its return to the James it rejoined the 10th corps and took position before Petersburg, participating with some loss in the first assault on the works. It was active at the mine explosion, and then recrossing the James, was heavily engaged at Deep Bottom, losing 73 killed, wounded and missing. At Fort Harrison and Fort Gilmer, the 115th lost 33 killed, wounded and missing. During the advance on Richmond by the Darbytown road in October it met with considerable loss from a volley fired into it by the 9th Me. through mistake. When the 10th corps was discontinued in Dec, 1864, the 115th was transferred to the newly formed 24th corps, in Ames' (2nd) division, with which it was ordered to North Carolina. It participated in the capture of Fort Fisher, fighting with Bell's (3d) brigade, and sustaining a considerable part of its loss there by the explosion of the magazine the day after the fort was taken. Subsequently it was present at Cape Fear, Fort Anderson, and Wilmington, and closed its active service in the campaign of the Carolinas. It was mustered out at Raleigh, N. C, under Colonel Johnson, June 17, 1865. Out of a total enrollment of 1,196, it lost 7 officers and 132 men; 191 men died of disease and other causes—total deaths, 330. The gallant 115th deserves its place among the three Hundred fighting regiments of the war, accorded it by Colonel Fox.
One Hundred and Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward P. Chapin, George M. Love; Lieutenant-Colonels, Robert Cottier, Albert J. Barnard, John Higgins, Hohn Mappa Sizer; Majors, George M. Love, John Higgins, Hohn Mappa Sizer, George W. Carpenter. This regiment was recruited in Erie county, organized at Buffalo, and there mustered into the U. S. service from August 20 to September 5, 1862, for three years. Nine companies left the state the same day, Co. K following later in the month. It was stationed at Baltimore until November, when it sailed for Ship island, Mississippi, as part of Banks' expedition, arriving at its destination on December 4. During March, 1863, it took part in the operations against Port Hudson, conducted as a diversion to enable Farragut's fleet to run the batteries. In the 1st brigade, 1st (Augur's) division, 19th corps, it fought gallantly at Plains store, losing 56 killed, wounded and missing, and was complimented on the field by General Augur. During the long siege of Port Hudson, the regiment bore a conspicuous and glorious part, suffering in the assaults of May 27 and June 14, a loss of 130 in killed, wounded and missing. Among the killed in the assault of May 27, was the gallant Colonel Chapin and Major Love succeeded to the command. It was heavily engaged at Donaldsonville and Bayou La Fourche, losing 44 killed, wounded and missing, and then moved with Franklin's expedition to Sabine pass, Tex., where 26 were captured. It was also present at Centerville, Vermillion bayou, and Carrion Crow bayou, Louisiana. In Dwight's (1st) brigade, Emory's (1st) division. 19th corps, it started on Banks' Red River expedition in March, 1864, engaging at Sabine cross-roads with a loss of 22; at Pleasant Hill, where the loss was 14, and at Cane river, Alexandria and Mansura. In July, when the corps was ordered to Virginia, it embarked for Washington. Upon its arrival there it marched through Maryland and participated in Sheridan's brilliant campaign in the Shenandoah Valley against General Early. It was heavily engaged at the battle of the Opequan, losing 48 killed and wounded; was present at Fisher's hill, where it sustained a loss of 10 killed and wounded; and at New Market and Cedar creek, it again fought gallantly, losing 59 killed, wounded and missing. Colonel Love is said to have captured the first Confederate flag taken during the battle, that of the 2nd S. C., and was awarded a medal of honor. The regiment was mustered out, under Colonel Love, at Washington, D. C., June 8, 1865. It lost by death during service, 5 officers and 94 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers, 124 enlisted men by disease and other causes —total deaths 7 officers and 218 enlisted men.
One Hundred and Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonels, William R. Pease, Alvin White, Rufus Daggett; Lieutenant-Colonels, Alvin White, Rufus Daggett, Francis X. Meyer; Majors, Rufus Daggett, Francis X. Meyer, Egbert Bagg. This regiment, recruited in Oneida county in the summer of 1862, rendezvoused at Rome, where it was mustered into the U. S. service from August 8 to 16, for three years, and left the state on August 22. It was stationed at Tennytown, Maryland, until April, 1863, when it was ordered to Suffolk, Virginia, in the 1st brigade, Getty's division, 7th corps, and subsequently participated in the Peninsular campaign of 1863. It was then ordered to join the 18th corps (the 7th corps having been discontinued), Department of the South; later joined Vogdes' division, 10th corps, on Folly island, S. C.; and took part in the siege of Fort Wagner and the operations about Charleston harbor. In April, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Virginia, where it joined General Butler's Army of the James, being assigned to 1st brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps. Sailing up the James river, it disembarked at Bermuda Hundred and was engaged at Swift creek, Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred, losing 20 killed, 62 wounded, and 7 missing at Drewry's bluff. Colonel White being among the wounded. While at Cold Harbor it was temporarily attached to the 18th corps, but on its return to the James rejoined the 10th corps, and soon after took part in the initial assault on the works of Petersburg, losing 54 in killed, wounded and missing. It was present at the mine explosion, and then recrossing the James fought gallantly at the battle of Fort Harrison, losing 15 killed, 76 wounded and 33 missing. In the 1st (Curtis') brigade, 2nd (Foster's) division, it was heavily engaged on the Darbytown road, in October, losing 6 killed, 42 wounded, and 4 missing. When the 10th corps was discontinued in Dec, 1864, Curtis' brigade was placed in Ames' (2nd) division, 24th corps, with which the regiment sailed in Butler's expedition to Fort Fisher, N. C., where Cos. B and H captured 230 men of the 4th N. C. reserves during a reconnoissance. Reembarking, the troops returned to Virginia, but were at once ordered back to Fort Fisher, the second expedition being commanded by General Terry. The 117th took a conspicuous and highly honorable part in the final assault on Fort Fisher, sustaining a loss of 92 in killed and wounded. During February it was in the actions at Cape Fear river, Fort Anderson and Wilmington, and in March and April, as part of the provisional corps, it engaged in General Terry's Carolina campaign, which closed at the Bennett house on April 26. The regiment remained on duty at Raleigh, N. C., until June 8, 1865, when it was mustered out under command of Colonel Daggett. About 250 recruits and reenlisted men were transferred to the 48th N. Y. During its term of service the regiment lost by death 9 officers and 129 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 136 enlisted men by disease and other causes, a total of 274, of whom 21 died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundred and Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Samuel T. Richards, Oliver Keese, Jr., George F. Nichols; Lieutenant-Colonels, Oliver Keese, Jr., George F. Nichols, Levi S. Dominey; Majors, George F. Nichols. Charles E. Pruyn, Levi S. Dominey, John S. Cunningham. The 118th, the "Adirondack Regiment," was recruited in the counties of Clinton, Essex and Warren, organized at Plattsburg, and there mustered into the U. S. service August 18-20, 1862, for three years. It was composed of excellent material and left the state, 1.o40 strong on September 3. It served in the defenses of Washington until April, 1863, when it was ordered to Suffolk, Virginia, in the reserve brigade, 7th corps. In the 1st brigade, Getty's division, same corps, it was present at Antioch Church and Baker's cross-roads; in Wistar's brigade, 4th corps, at Franklin; and in the provisional brigade, 7th corps, it was engaged at South Anna bridge, losing 1 i killed, wounded and missing. It then performed garrison and guard duty for several months at Yorktown, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Newport News. Virginia. As part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 18th corps, it took part in the campaign against Richmond with General Butler's Army of the James, being engaged at Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, Swift creek. Proctor's creek, and Drewry's bluff. In the last named battle, it lost 199 in killed, wounded and missing. It fought gallantly at Cold Harbor in June, when it lost 32 in killed and wounded. In the first assaults on Petersburg it lost 21 killed and wounded. It was next severely engaged at Fort Harrison, where it lost 67 killed and wounded, and during the advance on Richmond by the Darbytown road in October its ranks were once more fearfully depleted, 111 being killed, wounded and missing. Then attached to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 24th corps, it was engaged without loss at the fall of Petersburg, April 2, 1865. During the long period it was in the trenches before Petersburg it met with losses amounting to 43 in killed and wounded. It was on the skirmish line of the 3d division when Richmond was finally occupied, and claims to have been the first organized Federal infantry in that city. It was mustered out at Richmond, under Colonel Nichols. June 13, 1865, having lost by death during service, 6 officers and 98 enlisted men, killed and mortally wounded; 188 enlisted men by disease and other causes, a total of 292; of whom 45 died in Confederate prisons.
One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Elias Peissner, John T. Lockman; Lieutenant-Colonels, John T. Lockman, Edward F. Lloyd, Isaac P. Lockman; Majors, Harvey Baldwin, Jr., Benjamin A. Willis, Isaac P. Lockman, Charles F. Lewis, Chester H. Southworth. This regiment was recruited and organized at New York city in the summer of 1862, and was mustered into the U. S. service on September 4-5, for three years. On the 6th the regiment left for Washington, where it was attached to the 2nd brigade, 3d (Schurz') division, nth corps (Howard), and went into winter quarters at Stafford, Virginia. At the battle of Chancellorsville, Howard's corps was surprised and suffered severely, the 118th losing 21 killed, 67wounded and 32 missing, Colonel Peissner being killed while rallying his men. The regiment was commanded at Gettysburg by Colonel Lockman, and was heavily engaged on the first two days of the battle, losing 140 in killed, wounded and missing. After returning with the army to Virginia, it was ordered with its corps on September 24, to Tennessee. It was present but not active at the midnight battle of Wauhatchie, fought valiantly at Missionary ridge, and was_ then ordered with the corps to the relief of Knoxville, enduring severe hardships and privations during the campaign. In April, 1864, when the nth corps was broken up, the regiment was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, of the newly formed 20th corps, commanded by General Hooker, the veteran General Geary being in command of the division. It moved on the Atlanta campaign and took part in numerous battles in the next four months, including Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, where the brave Lieutenant-Colonel Lloyd was killed, New Hope Church, Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek, and the siege of Atlanta. After the fall of Atlanta, it remained with the corps to hold the city, while the rest of the army went in pursuit of Hood. On November 15, the regiment moved with Sherman's army on the grand march through Georgia to the sea and took part in the siege of Savannah, Geary's division being the first to enter the city upon Hardee's evacuation. Early in the year 1865, it moved on the campaign of the Carolinas, fighting at Averasboro, Bentonville, Raleigh and Bennett's house, but sustaining a loss of only 4 missing. After General Johnston's surrender, it marched on to Washington with the 20th corps, where if participated in the grand review, and was mustered out at Bladenburg, Maryland, June 7, 1865, commanded by Colonel Lockman. The total enrollment of the regiment was 69 officers, 981 men. It lost by death during service, 6 officers and 71 men, killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 92 men by disease and other causes, a total of 171.
One Hundred and Twentieth Infantry.—Colonel, George H. Sharpe; Lieutenant-Colonels, Cornelius D. Westbrook, John R. Tappan, Abram L. Lockwood; Majors, John R. Tappan, Abram L. Lockwood, Walter F. Scott. The 120th, known as the Ulster regiment or Washington Guards, was recruited in the counties of Greene and Ulster and rendezvoused at Kingston, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on August 22, 1862, for three years. In July, August and October, 1864, its ranks were augmented by the transfer of the veterans and recruits of the 71st and 72nd N. Y. The regiment left the state, 900 strong, August 24, 1862, and proceeded to Washington, where it encamped near the Chain bridge. Early in September it was attached to the famous Excelsior brigade, (Sickles') 2nd division, 3d corps, and was under fire for the first time at Fredericksburg. Says Colonel Fox in his account of the three hundred fighting regiments, among which he includes the 120th: "The regiment was actively engaged at Chancellorsville—then in Berry's division— exhibiting a commendable steadiness and efficiency. Its loss in that battle was 4 killed, 49 wounded and 13 missing. At Gettysburg— in Humphrey's division—it became involved in the disaster of the second day's battle, but like the rest of the 3d corps, it fell back in good order to the second line, fighting as it went. Its casualties in this battle aggregated 30 killed, 154 wounded and 19 missing; total, 203. Eight officers were killed and 9 wounded in that battle. The 3d corps having been merged into the 2nd the 120th was placed in Brewster's brigade of Mott's division, and from that time fought under the 2nd corps flags, the men, however, retaining their old 3d corps badge. Mott's division having been discontinued, the Excelsior brigade was placed in Birney s (3d) division, becoming the 4th brigade. General Mott succeeded eventually to the command of this division, and Colonel McAllister to that of the brigade. At the Wilderness the regiment lost 5 killed, 48 wounded and 8 missing; at the battle on the Boydton road, 8 killed, 30 wounded, and 21 missing; at Hatcher's run, 6 killed, 32 wounded, 46 missing." During the Virginia campaigns of 1863, subsequent to Gettysburg, the regiment lost 140 killed, wounded and missing, and it also lost heavily in the trenches before Petersburg, its casualties amounting to 51 killed, wounded and missing. During the final campaign, ending with the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, its losses aggregated 52 killed, wounded and missing. Few finer examples of bravery and discipline occurred during the war than when the 120th rallied three several times around its colors on the 2nd day's battle of Gettysburg. The regiment was actively engaged in 17 important battles, among them Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Poplar Spring Church, Boydton plank road, Hatcher's run and White Oak road. It was also present at Fredericksburg, Wapping heights, Kelly's ford, Po river, Deep Bottom, Sailor's creek, Farmville and Appomattox. It was mustered out near Washington, D. C., under Lieutenant-Colonel Lockwood, June 3, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment during service was 1,626, of whom 51 died in Confederate-prisons; 11 officers and 140 men were killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 179 men died of disease and other causes.
One Hundred and Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Richard Franchot, Emory Upton, Egbert Olcott; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles H. Clark, Egbert Olcott, Henry M. Galpin, James W. Cronkhite, John S. Kidder; Majors, Egbert Olcott, Andrew E. Mather, Henry M. Galpin, James W. Cronkhite, John S. Kidder. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Otsego and Herkimer, rendezvoused at Herkimer and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on August 23, 1862, and in May, 1863, the three years men of the 18th, 27th, 31st, 16th and 32nd N. Y. infantry were transferred to it. The regiment left the state September 2, 1862, and was immediately assigned to the 2nd (Bartlett's) brigade, 1st (Brooks') division, 6th corps, with which command it continued during its entire term of service. It joined McClellan's army in Maryland and was present but not active at the battle of Crampton's gap. The 6th corps was only partially engaged at the battle of Fredericksburg, though the 121st lost a few killed and wounded by the artillery fire to which it was exposed. The regiment fought with great gallantry and was exposed to a deadly musketry fire at Salem Church, Virginia, where it lost 48 killed, 173 wounded and 55 missing, out of 453 officially reported as present. All except 23 of those reported missing were killed, and the loss was the greatest sustained by any regiment in the battle. Colonel Franchot resigned in September, 1862, and under his successor Colonel Upton, an unusually efficient officer, the excellent material of the regiment was molded into a finely disciplined organization. Colonel Upton was promoted to Bvt. brigadier-general in October, 1864, and achieved an enviable reputation in the war. The regiment was in reserve at Gettysburg and was not again engaged with loss until the 6th corps returned to Virginia, when it lost 25 killed and wounded at the battle of Rappahannock Station in November, 1863. It was not heavily engaged during the Mine Run campaign, at the close of which it went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. In May, 1864, the regiment moved on the bloody campaign of General Grant, crossing the Rapidan on the 5th, and plunging into the sanguinary struggle of the Wilderness, where it lost 73 in killed, wounded and missing. In the battle of Spottsylvania Colonel Upton commanded and led in person an assaulting column of twelve picked regiments belonging to the 6th corps, the 121st being placed in the advance, an honor which cost it dear. The losses of the regiment at Spottsylvania amounted to 49 Killed,, 106 wounded. In the magnificent charge of Upton's storming party, the strong works of the enemy were carried after a hand-to-hand struggle. Said General Upton in a private letter: "Bayonet wounds and sabre cuts are very rare. But at Spottsylvania there were plenty of bayonet wounds, and no picture could give too exalted an idea of the gallantry of the 121st N. Y., 5th Me., and 96th Pennsylvania, as they led the assaulting column of twelve picked regiments over the formidable intrenchments which confronted them." The regiment was successively engaged at North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, the first assaults on Petersburg, and the Weldon railroad. When Early menaced Washington in July, the veterans of the 6th corps were ordered there to confront him, and the 121st was engaged at Fort Stevens with a loss of 26 in killed, wounded and missing. It followed with the corps in pursuit of Early through Maryland, into Virginia, and up the Shenandoah Valley, fighting at Charlestown, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek, its loss in the last named battle amounting to 10 killed, 42 wounded and 5 missing. The 1st division was commanded by General Wright at the Wilderness; by General Russell at the Opequan; and by General Wheaton at Cedar creek. In Dec, 1864, the regiment returned to the Petersburg trenches and established winter quarters near the Weldon railroad. It took a prominent part in the final assault on the fortifications of Petersburg, April 2, 1865, and in the hot pursuit of Lee's army, during which it lost 34 killed and wounded, and fought its last battle at Sailor's creek. The regiment captured 4 flags at Rappahannock Station and 2 at Sailor's creek. It was mustered out at Hall's hill, Virginia, under Colonel Olcott, June 25, 1865. It took part in 25 great battles, and gloriously earned its title as an efficient and dashing fighting regiment. Its total enrollment during service was 1,897. of whom 14 officers and .212 enlisted men were killed and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 117 enlisted men, died of disease and other causes. Its total of 226 killed is 11.9 per cent, of its membership, and its total of 839 killed and wounded was one of the largest sustained by any regiment
One Hundred and Twenty-second Infantry—Colonels, Silas Titus, Augustus W. Dwight, Horace H. Walpole; Lieutenant-Colonels, Augustus W. Dwight, Horace H. Walpole, James M. Gere; Majors, Joshua B. Davis, Jabez M. Brower, Alonzo H. Clapp, Morton B. Marke. This regiment, recruited in the county of Onondaga, rendezvoused at Syracuse and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on August 28, 1862. The regiment left the state three days later and was assigned to the 3d brigade. 3d division, 6th corps. It was under fire for the first time at Antietam, but sustained no losses. In the 1st brigade of Newton's (3d) division, same corps, it was slightly engaged at Fredericksburg, where a few men were wounded. It was engaged on the same field again, in May, 1863, in the battle of Marye's heights, when the divisions of Newton and Howe carried the heights at the point of the bayonet. At Gettysburg it went into action with Shaler's brigade as a support to the 12th corps and sustained a loss of 44 killed, wounded and missing. It was sharply engaged in November at Rappahannock Station, when the 6th corps successfully stormed the enemy's intrenchments, losing 13 killed and wounded in the battle. It then engaged in the Mine Run campaign, and during January and February, 1864. it was stationed on Johnson's island in Lake Erie, rejoining its corps in March, when Shaler's brigade (1st), was assigned to Wright's (1st) division. It encountered the hardest fighting of its experience at the Wilderness, where it lost 119 killed, wounded and missing. At Spottsylvania its losses were 24 wounded and missing, and at Cold Harbor 67 killed and wounded. After taking part in the early assaults on Petersburg in June, it accompanied the veteran 6th corps to Washington, at the time Early threatened the capital. In the 3d brigade, 2nd division, it was there active at Fort Stevens, joined in the pursuit of Early into Virginia and up the Shenandoah Valley, fighting at Charlestown, the Opequan, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek. Its losses from July 12 to October 20, 1864, aggregated no killed and wounded. On December 12, 1864, it was back in the trenches before Petersburg and established its winter quarters near the Weldon railroad. It was actively engaged at Petersburg with the 6th and 2nd corps, when the Confederates attacked Fort Stedman, losing 16 killed and wounded, and closed its active service with the Appomattox campaign, when it was active at the final assault on Petersburg. April 2, 1865, and at Sailor's creek, where it fought its last battle. Major Jabez M. Brower was among the killed at Cedar creek, and Colonel Augustus W. Dwight was killed in the action at Fort Stedman. The regiment commanded by Colonel Walpole was mustered out near Washington, June 23, 1865. During its term of service it lost by death 6 officers and 86 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 85 enlisted men by disease and other causes, a total of 180.
One Hundred and Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Archibald L. McDougall, Ambrose Stevens, James C. Rogers; Lieutenant-Colonels, Franklin Norton, James C. Rogers, Adolph H. Tanner; Majors, James C. Rogers, A. H. Tanner, Henry Gray. This regiment, recruited in the county of Washington, rendezvoused at Salem and was there mustered into the U. S. service on September 4, 1862, for three years. In Dec, 1863 a portion of the 145th N. Y. was transferred to it. The regiment left the state on September 5, 1862, and was assigned to Williams' (1st) division, 12th corps, with which it served throughout its term. It fought its first battle at Chancellorsville, where the 12th corps was heavily engaged, the regiment losing 148 killed, wounded and missing, Lieutenant-Colonel Norton being among the mortally wounded. The 123d was only slightly engaged at Gettysburg, where it lost 14. It joined in the pursuit of Lee into Virginia, fought without loss at Fair Play and Williamsport, Maryland, and at Robertson's ford, Virginia. On September 23, 1863, it was ordered with its corps to Tennessee to reinforce General Rosecrans and performed guard and picket duty for several months along the railroad between Murfreesboro and Bridgeport. When the 12th corps was changed to the 20th in April, 1864, Williams' division was allowed to retain its distinctive badge, the red star. It started on the Atlanta campaign with Sherman's army early in May and was active during the battles of Resaca, Cassville and Dallas, where it lost 23 killed and wounded, among the mortally wounded being Colonel McDougall. Its losses at Kennesaw mountain aggregated 63 killed, wounded and missing, and at Peachtree creek, 53. From July 21 to August 26, it was engaged in the siege of Atlanta, and on November 15, it moved with Sherman's army on the march to the sea, taking part in the final campaign of the Carolinas the following year. During this campaign it was engaged at Chesterfield, Averasboro, Bentonville, Aiken, Smithfield, Raleigh and Bennett's house, with a total loss of 21 killed, wounded and missing. After General Johnston's surrender it marched to Washington with the army, participated in the grand review, and was finally mustered out, under command of Colonel Rogers, June 8, 1865, when the members of the regiment not entitled to be mustered out were transferred to the 145th N. Y. The 123d lost during its term of service 6 officers and 68 enlisted men, killed and fatally wounded; 95 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 169.
One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, A. Van Horn Ellis, Francis M. Cummins, Charles H. Weygant; Lieutenant-Colonels, Francis M. Cummins, Charles H. Weygant, Henry S. Murray; Majors, James Cromwell, Charles H. Weygant, Henry S. Murray, James W. Benedict. This regiment, known as the "Orange Blossoms," was recruited in the county of Orange, organized at Goshen, and there mustered into the U. S. service September 5, 1862, for three years. A part of the 71st regiment national guard, on their return from their second three months' service in September, 1862, formed the nucleus of the 124th. It left the state on September 6, 1862, 930 strong; served for several weeks in Virginia; then joined the Army of the Potomac at Harper's Ferry; was attached to the 1st brigade, Whipple's (3d) division, 3d corps, in November 1862; joined Burnside's army on its way to Fredericksburg and arrived at Falmouth November 24. The corps was only lightly engaged at Fredericksburg and the loss of the 124th was small. It was hotly engaged at Chancellorsville, losing 28 killed, 161 wounded and 15 missing—a total of 204 out of 550 engaged. The heroic efforts of Colonel Ellis during the battle to redeem the fortunes of the day evoked general commendation. In the 2nd brigade, Birney's (1st) division, 3d corps, it marched on the field at Gettysburg with 290 officers and men, of whom 28 were killed, 57 wounded and 5 reported missing, both Colonel Ellis and Major Cromwell being killed while bravely cheering on their men. A beautiful monument has been erected by the regiment at Gettysburg, surmounted by a life size marble statue of their heroic colonel. During the pursuit of Lee after the battle, the regiment was engaged at Jones' cross-roads and Wapping heights. In the subsequent campaigns in Virginia it was under fire at Auburn and Kelly's ford, suffered a loss of 16 during the Mine Run campaign, and then went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. In April, 1864, the 3d corps was discontinued and Birney's division became the 3d division of the 2nd corps, but the men were allowed to retain the beloved diamond shaped badge on their caps and the piece of orange ribbon on their coats. General Ward was still in command of the brigade. The regiment lost 58 killed, wounded and missing at the Wilderness, and 61 at Spottsylvania, where the regiment was in the front line during the celebrated charge of General Hooker, both Colonel Cummins and Lieutenant-Colonel Weygant being among the wounded. Continuous hard fighting followed at the North Anna river, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and the Weldon railroad. In July, 1864, General Mott succeeded to the command of the division, and General DeTrobriand to the command of Ward's old brigade. During the remainder of the year, while before Petersburg, it was engaged at Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Poplar Spring Church, Boydton plank road, the Hicksford raid, and early in 1865 it was active at Hatcher's run, Fort Stedman and the final assault on Petersburg. It then entered on the Appomattox campaign, being engaged at White Oak ridge, Deatonsville road, Farmville and Appomattox Station. In reporting the action of March 25, near Watkins' house, Lt.-Colonel Weygant, commanding the regiment, says that his men charged in gallant style a force of the enemy composed of the 42nd, 59th and 60th Alabama regiments, "capturing the battle flag of the 59th Alabama, 6 officers and 159 men, about 20 of whom were wounded, including Lieutenant-Colonel Troy of the 60th Alabama The enemy being completely dispersed I returned to my former position, leaving between 20 and 30 of their dead upon the field. At 11:30 p. m. I received orders to withdraw and return to camp, which I did, bringing with me about 75 stands of arms. All this, I am happy to say, was accomplished without the loss of a man, either in killed, wounded or missing." The regiment was mustered out, under Colonel Weygant, June 3, 1865, near Washington, D. C. The total enrollment during service was 1,320, of whom 11 officers and 137 men, or 11.2 per cent., were killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 94 men died of disease and other causes; 11 men died in Confederate prisons; 516 officers and men were killed and wounded. Private Archibald Freeman and Corp. George W. Tomkins were awarded medals of honor by Congress for the capture of battle flags, at Spottsylvania and near Watkins' house, respectively.
One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, George L. Willard, Levin Crandell, Joseph Hyde; Lieutenant-Colonels, Levin Crandell, Aaron B. Myer, Joseph Hyde; Majors, James C. Bush, Aaron B. Myer, Samuel C. Armstrong, Joseph Hyde, Joseph Egolf, Nelson Penfield, William H. H. Brainard. This regiment, recruited in the county of Rensselaer, was organized at Troy, and there mustered into the U. S. service on August 27-29, 1862, for three years. Two days later it left for Harper's Ferry, where it was captured on September i5, at the surrender of that post. The regiment was immediately paroled and was stationed at a paroled camp at Chicago, 11l., for two months, when the men were declared exchanged and returned to Virginia in December. It was encamped at Centerville during the winter and in the spring of 1863 was attached to General Hays' brigade. In June, 1863, the brigade joined the 3d division, 2nd corps, then marching to Gettysburg, General Hays taking command of the division. At the battle of Gettysburg Colonel Willard was killed while in command of the brigade and the loss of the regiment amounted to 26 killed, 104 wounded and 9 missing. It distinguished itself at Bristoe Station in October, both officers and men fighting with dash and extreme gallantry. Its loss in this action was 36 killed, wounded and missing. It was also present at the action of Mitchell's ford, and took part in the Mine Run campaign, with a loss of 41 men. Upon the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac in April, 1864, it was transferred to Barlow's (1st) division, to which it was attached during the remainder of its service. It lost 28 in killed, wounded and missing at the battle of the Wilderness, where Lieutenant-Colonel Myer fell mortally wounded. At the Po river and Spottsylvania its loss was 10 killed, 74 wounded and 6 missing, while further severe losses were sustained at the North Anna, Cold Harbor, and the battles around Petersburg, where its losses aggregated 85 killed, wounded and missing. Recrossing the James it fought at Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains, and upon returning to the lines around Petersburg it was engaged in the disaster at Reams' station, losing 9 wounded and 13 captured. It was present at Hatcher's run in December, but without loss. Its veteran ranks had been sadly decimated by its hard service and when the final campaign of 1865 opened it could report only 12 officers and 219 men "present for duty," although it still carried 547 names on its rolls. In this campaign the regiment participated in the final assault on Petersburg and the engagements of Deatonsville road, High bridge and Farmville, where it fought its last battle. The loss during the campaign was 32 killed, wounded and missing. The total enrollment of the regiment during service was 1,248, of whom 15 officers and 112 enlisted men were killed and mortally wounded, or 10.1 per cent.; 1 officer and 115 men died of disease and other causes; 3 officers and 61 men died in Confederate prisons; 464 officers and men were killed and wounded. It was mustered out near Alexandria, Virginia, under Colonel Hyde, June 5, 1865, having gloriously earned its title as a fighting regiment.
One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Eliakim Sherrill, James M. Bull, William H. Baird, Ira Smith Brown; Lieutenant Colonels, James M. Bull, William H. Baird, Ira Smith Brown, John B. Geddes; Majors, William H. Baird, Philo D. Phillips, Ira Smith Brown, Charles A. Richardson. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Ontario, Seneca and Yates, was organized at Geneva, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, August 22, 1862. At the close of 1864, when it had become much reduced in numbers by reason of its hard service, it was consolidated into a battalion of five companies, A to E. The regiment left the state on August 26, 1862, and took part in its first fighting during the siege of Harper's Ferry, where it received the brunt of the enemy's attack and suffered a large share of the casualties at Maryland and Bolivar heights. It lost 16 killed and 42 wounded during the fighting, and was surrendered with the rest of the garrison on September 15. The men were immediately paroled and spent two months in camp at Chicago, 11l., awaiting notice of its exchange. As soon as notice of its exchange was received in December, it returned to Virginia, encamping during the winter at Union Mills. The following extract is taken from Colonel Fox's account of the regiment in his work on Regimental Losses in the Civil War: "In June, 1863, it joined the Army of the Potomac, and was placed in Willard's brigade, Alex. Hays' (3d) division, 2nd corps, with which it marched to Gettysburg, where the regiment won honorable distinction, capturing 5 stands of colors in that battle. Colonel Willard, the brigade commander, being killed there, Colonel Sherrill succeeded him, only to meet the same fate, while in the regiment the casualties amounted to 40 killed, 181 wounded and 10 missing. At Bristoe Station the regiment won additional honors by its conspicuous gallantry and sustained the heaviest loss in that action; casualties, 6 killed. 33 wounded and 10 missing. The 126th haying been transferred to Barlow's (1st) division, entered the spring campaign of 1864 with less than 30o men, of whom 100 were detailed at headquarters as a provost-guard. Its casualties at the Wilderness were S killed, 62 wounded and 9 missing; and at Po river and Spottsylvania, 6 killed, 37 wounded and 7 missing. Colonel Baird was killed at Petersburg." The regiment took part in the following important battles: Siege of Harper's Ferry—including Maryland and Bolivar heights; Gettysburg, Auburn ford, Bristoe Station, Morton's ford, Wilderness, Po river, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon railroad, siege of Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Reams' station, Hatcher's run, and Sutherland Station, and was also present in the Mine Run campaign, at Strawberry. Plains, Boydton Road, Farmville and Appomattox. Commanded by Colonel Brown, it was mustered out at Washington, D. C., June 3, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment during service was 1,o36, of whom 16 officers and 138 men were killed and mortally wounded, or 14.7 per cent.; 1 officer and 121 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 17 officers and 259 men, 30 of whom died in the hands of the enemy. The total of killed and wounded in the regiment amounted to 535. The percentage of killed and mortally wounded at Gettysburg amounted to over 15, and the total casualties to 57.4 per cent.
One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, William Gurney; Lieutenant-Colonels, Stewart L. Woodford, Edward H. Little; Majors, Edward H. Little, Frank K. Smith. This regiment, known as the National Volunteers or Monitors, was principally recruited on Long Island and in New York city, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, September 8, 1862, and left two days later for Washington. It served during the siege of Suffolk in the spring of 1863 in Hughston's (3d) brigade, Gurney's division, and in June was engaged in minor affairs at Diascund bridge and at Nine-mile Ordinary, Virginia. In August it was ordered to South Carolina, where it participated in the various operations about Charleston harbor in 1863, including the siege of Fort Wagner and the bombardment of Fort Sumter, attached to the 1st brigade, Gordon's division, 10th corps. It was present during the actions at Bull's island in March, 1864, and at Fort Johnson in July, sustaining its first severe loss at the battle of Honey Hill, S. C., in November, its casualties in this action amounting to 7 killed, 49 wounded and 15 missing. It was then serving in Potter's (1st) brigade, Hatch's division, and was again warmly engaged at Deveaux neck in December, losing 14 killed, 67 wounded, and 3 missing. Shortly after the evacuation of Charleston, the regiment was detailed by order of General Sherman for permanent city garrison, on account of its good reputation for discipline, Colonel Gurney being appointed post commander. It was there mustered out on June 30, 1865. The regiment left for the war about 1,000 strong, and returned home with 25 officers and 530 men. It lost by death during service 35 men killed in action; 1 officer and 94 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 130.
One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, David S. Cowles, James Smith, James P. Foster; Lieutenant-Colonels, James Smith, James P. Foster, Francis S. Keese; Majors, James P. Foster, Edward Gifford, Francis S. Keese, George M. Van Slyck, Robert F. Wilkinson. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Columbia and Dutchess, rendezvoused at Hudson, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, September 4, 1862. The following day it left for Baltimore, whence it sailed for New Orleans a few weeks later. In January, 1863, it was assigned to Sherman's division, 19th corps, and was complimented by General Sherman for the success of its first achievement—the capture of a large quantity of property at Gainesville in April. The regiment took a gallant and conspicuous part in the long siege of Port Hudson, fighting desperately during the assaults of May 27 and June 14. The splendid service rendered by the 128th is well attested by its casualties during the siege, which amounted to 22 killed, 100 wounded and 6 missing, a total of 128. Colonel Cowles fell while gallantly leading his regiment during the assault of May 27, the command suffering its heaviest losses on this occasion. After the fall of Port Hudson, the regiment was ordered to Baton Rouge, where it arrived on the 22nd after a fatiguing march, and the next 9 months were chiefly spent in post and garrison duty, with occasional reconnoissances and minor expeditions. On March 15, 1864, in the 3d brigade, 2nd (Grover's) division, 19th corps, it started on Banks' ill-fated Red River expedition. During the battle of Cane river crossing, the 128th was the first to cross the river and plant a flag upon the hill. It also made a brilliant charge driving the enemy and taking many prisoners, its loss being 10 killed and wounded. It was also present at Alexandria and Mansura. In July it proceeded with the division to New Orleans, whence it sailed under sealed orders for Washington. On its arrival it was ordered into Maryland to confront Early's invasion and took part in the subsequent famous campaign under Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley. At the battle of the Opequan the regiment lost 57 killed, wounded and missing, Major Keese and 4 other officers being among the wounded. At Fisher's hill its loss was 20 killed, wounded and missing, and the regiment was handsomely complimented by General Emory for its services. At the battle of Cedar creek it lost 95 killed, wounded and missing. During the next two months it was engaged in garrison duty at Winchester and New Berne, and was ordered to Savannah with its division in January, 1865. In March it was ordered to North Carolina, where it was temporarily attached to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 10th corps, participating in the campaign of the Carolinas until Johnston's surrender in April. It returned to Savannah in May and was mustered out in Augusta, Georgia, July 12, 1865. The regiment returned home with only 400 men of the original 960 and 173 recruits. It lost during service 2 officers and 61 men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 203 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 269, of whom 41 died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infantry.—This regiment, organized at Lockport in August, 1862, was changed to the 8th N. Y. artillery on December 19, 1862, and its record will be found under that designation.
One Hundred and Thirtieth Infantry.—This regiment, organized at Portage in August and September, 1862, was transferred to the mounted service on July 28, 1863. under the designation of the 1st dragoons, and its record will be found under that title.
One Hundred and Thirty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Charles S. Turnbull, Nicholas W. Day; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles C. Nott, Nicholas W. Day, W. M. Rexford; Majors, Nicholas W. Day, W. M. Rexford, August C. Tate, Albert Stearns. This regiment, known as the 1st regiment, Metropolitan Guard, was recruited in New York city under the auspices of the Metropolitan police, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 6, 1862. The 7th N. Y. militia furnished a large number of its officers. It left the state on September 14, proceeded to Annapolis, Maryland, and shortly after sailed for Louisiana as part of the Banks expedition. On its arrival at New Orleans it was assigned to the 1st brigade, Grover's division, Department of the Gulf, and after the formation of the 19th corps, to the 1st brigade, 4th (Grover's) division, of that corps. It sustained its first loss—3 wounded—in April, 1863, at Irish bend, and was engaged without loss at Vermillion bayou on the 17th. The following month the investment of Port Hudson was completed and the 131st participated most honorably throughout the siege of that stronghold, in which its losses aggregated 21 killed, 88 wounded and 10 missing, most of its losses being sustained in the assaults of May 27 and June 14. After the surrender of Port Hudson it was engaged for several months in post and garrison duty, and in various expeditions and reconnoissances. It lost 55 men killed, wounded and missing at Bayou La Fourche, and was again engaged at Vermillion bayou in October, and at Carrion Crow bayou, but meeting with no loss. In the summer of 1864 it left the Department of the Gulf and joined General Butler's Army of the James at Bermuda Hundred. Shortly after it joined the Army of the Shenandoah under General Sheridan and participated in his brilliant campaign in the Valley. In Grover's division, 19th corps, it lost heavily at the battle of the Opequan, where its casualties amounted to 10 killed and 64 wounded. It was only slightly engaged at Fisher's hill, but at Cedar creek it again suffered severely, losing 33 killed and wounded. It subsequently went to North Carolina, where it was attached to the 10th corps, and in May, 1865, it was ordered to Augusta, Georgia. The following month it moved to Savannah, Georgia, and was there mustered out, under Colonel Day, July 26, 1865. The regiment traveled over 10,000 miles by land and water and returned to the state with only 240 out of 1,000 men with which it entered the service. It lost by death 2 officers and 82 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 107 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 194.
One Hundred and Thirty-second Infantry.—Colonel, Peter J. Claassen; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles E. Prescott. George H. Hitchcock; Majors, George H. Hitchcock, John Waller, Jr., John B. Houstain, Thomas B. Green. This regiment, known as the Hillhouse Light Guards, recruited in New York city, Brooklyn and the state at large, was organized at East New York and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on October 4, 1862, at Washington, D. C. The regiment left the state September 27, 1862, about 900 strong, and spent nearly its entire term of service in North Carolina, engaged in outpost and garrison duty, part of the time unattached and part of the time attached to the 18th corps. A portion of Co. D was composed of Allegany, Cattaraugus and Tuscarora Indians, the 1st lieutenant and 1st sergeant being full-blooded redskins. The regiment took part in the engagements at Pollocksville, Trenton, Young's cross-roads, New Berne, Blount's creek, Sandy ridge, Batchelder's creek, Southwest creek, Jackson's mill, Gardner's bridge, Foster's mills, Butler's bridge, and in the campaign of the Carolinas at Wise's forks, Snow hill, and Bennett's house. The severest loss sustained by the regiment was at the battle of New Berne in February, 1864, when it lost 91 in killed, wounded and missing. During this battle. Cos. D, E and G defended the bridge on the Neuse river against three successive attacks of the enemy, but were finally forced to retire when the enemy was reinforced, after 4 hours of hard fighting. The 132nd is credited with saving New Berne from capture on this occasion. Lieutenant Arnold Zenette, the only commissioned officer killed, fell in this action. At the battle of Wise's forks the regiment lost 24 in killed, wounded and missing. It was mustered out under Colonel Claassen, June 29, 1865, at Salisbury, N. C., having lost by death during service, 1 officer and 13 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 159 enlisted men died of disease and other causes, a total of 174, of whom 71 died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundred and Thirty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Leonard D. H. Currie; Lieutenant-Colonels, James A. P. Hopkins, Anthony J. Allaire; Majors, Abraham S. Relay, John H. Allcott, Anthony J. Allaire, George Washburn. The 133d, the 2nd "Metropolitan Guard," was recruited principally in New York city under the auspices of the Metropolitan police of New York and was organized on Staten island, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 24, 1862. It left for Washington on October 8, 1862, and a few weeks later sailed for New Orleans as a part of Banks' expedition. It was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d (Emory's) division, *i9th corps, and was first under fire at Fort Bisland in April, 1863, when it sustained a loss of 25 killed and wounded. It was engaged without loss at Opelousas and Alexandria; took an honorable and conspicuous part in the siege of Port Hudson, in which it suffered a total loss of 23 killed, 90 wounded and 2 missing, its chief losses occurring in the assaults of May 27 and June 14. After the surrender of Port Hudson, the ensuing 9 months were chiefly spent in post and garrison duty, and in some reconnoissances and expeditions into the enemy's country. It fought at Vermillion and Carrion Crow bayous in October, 1863, after which it served in the defenses of New Orleans until March 15, 1864, when it joined the 1st brigade. 2nd (Grover's) division, 19th corps, and started on Banks' Red River campaign, enduring much fatigue and hardship, but sustaining no further losses in battle. It rendered efficient service in building the dam on Red river, which enabled the fleet of ironclads to pass the rapids in May. In July, 1864, it embarked at New Orleans for Washington with the 1st and 2nd divisions of the corps, and participated without loss in the actions at Fort Stevens and Snicker's ferry, Virginia. It was attached to the 3d brigade, 1st division, Army of the Shenandoah early in the spring of 1865, and after April served in the defenses of Washington, where it was mustered out on June 6, under command of Colonel Currie. The regiment lost during service, 2 officers and 43 men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 78 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 3 officers and 121 men.
One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, George E. Danforth, Charles E. Coster, Allan H. Jackson; Lieutenant-Colonels, Joseph S. DeAgreda, Allan H. Jackson, Reuben B. Heacock, Clinton C. Brown, William H. Hoyt; Majors, George W. B. Seelye, Allan H. Jackson, Edward W. Groot (declined), Gilbert H. Kennedy, William H. Hoyt, P. E. McMaster. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Schoharie, Schenectady and Delaware, was organized at Schoharie and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 22-23, 1862. It left the state on the 25th and was at once attached to the 2nd brigade, 2nd (Von Steinwehr's) division, nth corps, which in December marched to Fredericksburg in support of Burnside, but the 134th was not in the battle. It then went into winter quarters at Stafford, Virginia. As part of the 1st brigade, same division and corps, it lost 8 wounded and missing at Chancellorsville. The regiment was heavily engaged at Gettysburg, in the battle of the first day, and in the gallant defense of Cemetery hill on the second day, meeting with a loss of 42 killed, 151 wounded and 59 missing, a total of 252 out of 400 in action. After the battle it accompanied the army on its return to Virginia and in August was on detached service at Alexandria, Virginia. In September, 1863, it was ordered to Tennessee with the nth and 12th corps, and the following month was in reserve at the midnight battle of Wauhatchie, Tennessee. During the Chattanooga-Ringgold campaign it was slightly engaged at Missionary ridge, losing 8 wounded and missing. It was then ordered to the relief of Knoxville, and in April, 1864, was attached to the 2nd brigade, 2nd (Geary's) division, of the newly formed 20th corps, with which it served in the Atlanta campaign. It fought its first battle of the campaign at Rocky Face ridge, where its casualties were 36 in killed and wounded. It was then in the battles of Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, Pine mountain, Golgotha, Kolb's farm, Marietta, Chattahoochee river, Peachtree creek and Atlanta. At Peachtree creek the regiment lost 44 killed, wounded and missing. After the fall of Atlanta it remained there until November, 1864, when it started on the march to the sea, fighting at Sandersville and Greensboro, and sharing with a loss of 13 in the siege of Savannah, Geary's division being the first to enter the city on its evacuation by Hardee. Early in 1865, it moved on its final campaign—through the Carolinas—which ended with Johnston's surrender, then marched with the corps to Washington, where it took part in the grand review, and was mustered out at Bladensburg, Maryland, under Colonel Jackson, June 10, 1865. The regiment lost during service, 5 officers and 84 men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 91 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 183.
One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Infantry.—This regiment was organized in August, 1862, and was converted into an artillery regiment on October 3. (See 6th Heavy Artillery.)
One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, James Wood, Jr.; Lieutenant-Colonels, Lester B. Faulkner, Henry L. Arnold; Majors, David C. Hartshorn, Henry L. Arnold, Campbell H. Young. The 136th, the "Ironclads," was recruited in the counties of Allegany, Livingston and Wyoming and rendezvoused at Portage, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 25-26, 1862. It left the state on October 3; was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd (Steinwehr's) division, nth corps; went into winter quarters with the corps at Stafford, Virginia; fought its first battle at Chancellorsville, losing a few men killed, wounded and missing; and was heavily engaged at Gettysburg on the first two days of the battle, losing 109 in killed, wounded and missing. In September, 1863, it was ordered to Tennessee with the nth and 12th corps and was engaged the following month at the midnight battle of Wauhatchie, Tennessee, losing 6 killed and wounded. It was active at Missionary ridge in the Chattanooga-Ringgold campaign, losing n killed and wounded. When the 20th corps was formed in April, 1864, it was attached to the 3d brigade, 3d ^Butterfield's) division of that corps, moving on the Atlanta campaign early in May. It was active at the battles of Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, Cassville, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain and in the siege of Atlanta. Its heaviest loss was incurred at Resaca, where the casualties amounted to 13 killed, 68 wounded and 1 missing. After the fall of Atlanta it remained there until November, when it marched with Sherman to the sea, engaged in the siege of Savannah, and closed its active service with the campaign through the Carolinas, in which it was engaged at Fayetteville, Averasboro, Bentonville, Raleigh and Bennett's house, losing 45 in killed and wounded in the battles of Averasboro and Bentonville. After the close of the war it marched with its corps to Washington, where it took part in the grand review, and was mustered out on June 13, 1865, under command of Colonel Wood, who was later promoted to bvt. brigadier-general and major-general. The regiment lost by death during service, 2 officers and 74 men, killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 91 men, died of disease and other causes, a total deaths of 168.
One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels. David Ireland, Koert S. Van Voorhes; Lieutenant-Colonels, Koert S. Van Voorhes, Milo B. Eldridge; Majors, Wetsell Willoughby, Milo B. Eldridge, Frederick A. Stoddard. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Tompkins, Tioga and Broome—the 24th senatorial district—was organized at Binghamton, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 25-26, 1862. It left on the 27th, 1,007 strong, for Harper's Ferry, and was there assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd (Geary's) division,—the "White Star" division—12th corps, to which it was attached throughout the whole period of its active service. The list of important battles in which the regiment took part includes Chancellorsville, Gettysburg. Wauhatchie, Missionary ridge, Lookout mountain, Ringgold. Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, Cassville, Lost mountain, Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek, the siege of Atlanta, and numerous minor actions on the march to the sea and in the campaign of the Carolinas. Colonel W. F. Fox, in his account of this regiment, says: "It won special honors at Gettysburg, then in Greene's brigade, which, alone and unassisted, held Culp's hill during a critical period of that battle against a desperate attack of vastly superior force. The casualties in the 137th at Gettysburg exceeded those of any other regiment in the corps, amounting to 40 killed, 87 wounded and 10 missing. The gallant defense of Culp's hill by Greene's brigade, and the terrible execution inflicted by its musketry on the assaulting column of the enemy, form one of the most noteworthy incidents of the war. The 12th corps left Virginia in September, 1863, and went to Tennessee, joining Grant's army at Chattanooga. In the month following their arrival the regiment was engaged in the midnight battle at Wauhatchie, where it lost 15 killed and 75 wounded; and, a few weeks later, fought with Hooker at Lookout mountain in the famous 'battle above the clouds;' casualties in that battle, 6 killed and 32 wounded. In April, 1864, the corps number was changed to the 20th, General Hooker being placed in command. A large accession was received from the nth corps, but Colonel Ireland and General Geary retained their respective commands. The 137th shared in all the marches and battles of the Atlanta campaign, and then marched with Sherman to the sea." Colonel Ireland succumbed to disease at Atlanta, and Colonel Van Voorhes succeeded to the command. When the campaign of the Carolinas closed with the surrender of Johnston, the regiment marched with the corps to Washington, where it participated in the grand review and was mustered out near Bladensburgh, Maryland, June 9, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,111, of whom 6 officers and 121 men, were killed and mortally wounded—11.4 per cent, of the enrollment; 4 officers and 167 men died of disease, accidents, and all other causes, a total of 294. The total number of killed and wounded was 490.
One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Infantry.—This regiment, organized in the fall of 1862, was converted into a regiment of artillery in December. (See 9th Heavy Artillery.)
One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Anthony Conk, Samuel H. Roberts; Lieutenant-Colonels, Samuel H. Roberts, Edgar Perry, Thomas Mulcahy; Majors, Andrew Morris, Thomas Mulcahy, Embre Rogers, Theo. Miller. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Kings and Queens, was organized at Brooklyn, and there mustered into the U. S. service on September 9, 1862, for three years. It left on the nth, about 1,000 strong, and was stationed at Camp Hamilton, Department of Virginia during the ensuing winter. Throughout the year 1863, the regiment served in West s brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, at Yorktown, and in Wistar's brigade, Department of Virginia, taking part in the actions at Fort Magruder, Crump's cross-roads, where it lost 11 men wounded and missing, Chickahominy and Forge bridge. Early in February, 1864, it was engaged in the action at Bottom's bridge, but sustained no loss. In March it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division (Brooks'), 18th corps, and participated with General Butler's army in May in the campaign against Richmond and Petersburg by way of the James river, being engaged at Swift creek, Proctor's creek, Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred, with a loss of 19 wounded and missing. The 18th corps was then ordered by General Grant to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, arriving in time to share in the bloody work at Cold Harbor, where the 139th fought with great gallantry, and sustaining casualties amounting to 33 killed, 118 wounded and 2 missing. Among the killed was the gallant young Lieutenant-Colonel Perry. On June 12 it withdrew from Cold Harbor, returned with the corps to Bermuda Hundred, and a few days later shared in the assault on the works of Petersburg, losing 9 killed and wounded. It then went into position in the trenches on the right of the line, where it lost men almost daily by reason of its proximity to the enemy's pickets and being exposed to incessant firing. In the latter part of August it was relieved and retired within the defenses of Bermuda Hundred. The 1st division, now commanded by General Stannard, took part in the brilliant and successful assault on Fort Harrison, where the 139th lost 41 killed and wounded, and it was lightly engaged at Fair Oaks in October. In Dec, 1864, when the 18th corps was discontinued, the regiment was attached to the 1st brigade, 3d division (Devens1), 24th corps, remaining, however, in the Army of the James. The corps was posted throughout the winter on the north bank of the James in front of Richmond, where the regiment remained until the fall of Petersburg. It entered Richmond without opposition on April 3, 1865, being the third regiment to enter that city. Here it was mustered out June 19, 1865, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Mulcahy. It lost during service 5 officers and 70 men, killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 78 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 155.
One Hundred and Fortieth Infantry.—Colonels, Patrick H. O'Rorke, George Ryan, Elwell S. Otis, William S. Grantsyne; Lieutenant-Colonels, Louis Ernest, Isaiah F. Force, Elwell S. Otis, William S. Grantsyne, W. James Clark; Majors, Milo L. Starks, Benjamin F. Harman, William J. Clark, Willard Abbott, Isaiah F. Force. The 140th, the "Rochester Racehorses," was recruited in Monroe county, organized at Rochester, and there mustered into the U. S. service on September 13, 1862, for three years. In June, 1863, it received by transfer the three years men of the 13th N. Y., and in October, 1864, the veterans and recruits of the 44th. The regiment left the state on September 19, 1862, proceeded to Washington and joined the Army of the Potomac in November, being assigned to the 3d (Warren's) brigade, 2nd (Sykes') division, 5th corps. With this command it was under fire for the first time at the battle of Fredericksburg, where it lost a few men wounded and missing. The 5th corps was only partially engaged at Chancellorsville, though the 140th lost 21 killed, wounded and missing in that disastrous battle. Describing this gallant, fighting regiment. Colonel Fox says: "Colonel, O'Rorke was killed at Gettysburg while leading his men into action on Little Round Top, where their prompt action aided largely in seizing that important position, the regiment losing there 26 killed, 89 wounded and 18 missing. The 140th was then in Ayres' division—the division of regulars. In 1864 the regulars were brigaded in one command under Ayres, and the 140th was placed in the same brigade; the division was commanded by General Charles Griffin. But in June, 1864, the regiment was transferred to the 1st Brigade of Ayres' (2nd) division. This brigade was commanded in turn by Colonel Gregory, General Joseph Hayes, Colonel Otis, and General Winthrop. The latter officer fell mortally wounded at Five Forks. The regiment was in the hottest of the fighting at the Wilderness and suffered severely there, losing 23 killed, 118 wounded and 114 captured or missing; total, 255. Three days later it was engaged in the first of the series of battles at Spottsylvania, in which action Colonel Ryan and Major Starks were killed. At Spottsylvania the casualties in the regiment were 12 killed and 48 wounded; and at the Weldon railroad, 4 killed, 19 wounded and 51 captured or missing. The regiment was composed of exceptionally good material; the men were a neat, clean lot, and in their handsome Zouave costume attracted favorable attention wherever they appeared." The 140th took part in nearly all the great engagements of the Army of the Potomac from Fredericksburg to the close of the war. It was actively engaged at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Bethesda Church, siege of Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's run, White Oak road and Five Forks. It was present at Fredericksburg, Bristoe Station, Rappahannock Station, in the Mine Run campaign, North Anna, Totopotomy, White Oak swamp and Appomattox. Other important losses incurred besides those above detailed were, 60 wounded and missing at Bethesda Church; 22 killed, wounded and missing in the first assault on Petersburg; 23 killed and wounded at Hatcher's run; and 57 killed, wounded and missing during the final Appomattox campaign. Colonel O'Rorke, when he was killed at Gettysburg, was mounted on a rock at Little Round Top, cheering on his men. He graduated at the head of his class at West Point in 1861 and was only 25 years of age when killed. The regiment was mustered out June 3, 1865, near Alexandria, Virginia, under Colonel Grantsyne. Its total enrollment during service was 1,707, of whom 533 were killed and wounded; 8 officers and 141 men were killed and died of wounds; 2 officers and 168 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths. 319, of whom 77 died in Confederate prisons.
One Hundred and Forty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Samuel G. Hathaway, John W. Dininy, William K. Logie, Andrew J. McNett; Lieutenant Colonels, James C. Beecher, William K. Logie, Edward L. Patrick, Andrew J. McNett, Charles W. Clanharty; Majors, John W. Dininy, Edw. L. Patrick, Chas. W. Clanharty, Elisha G. Baldwin. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Chemung, Schuyler and Steuben—the 27th senatorial district—was organized at Elmira, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 11, 1862. The regiment left for Washington on the 15th, and in April, 1863, was ordered to Suffolk, Virginia, in the 3d (Potter's) brigade, Gurney's division, Department of Virginia. In June and July, following, it was engaged with slight loss at Diascund bridge, and Crump's cross-roads. In July, 1863, it joined the 2nd brigade (Krzyzanowski's), 3d division (Schurz's), nth corps, with which command it went to Tennessee in September and joined Grant's army at Chattanooga. In October it went to the support of the 12th corps at Wauhatchie, sustaining a few casualties, and the following month was present at the battle of Missionary ridge. When the nth and 12th corps were consolidated in April, 1864, to form the 20th, the 141st was assigned to the 1st (Knipe's) brigade, 1st (Williams') division of the new corps. It moved on the Atlanta campaign early in May and bore a conspicuous part in all the important battles which followed, including Resaca, Dallas, Acworth, Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek and the siege of Atlanta. The regiment was heavily engaged at the battle of Resaca, where it lost 15 killed and 77 wounded; at Kennesaw mountain, including the engagement at Golgotha, Nose's creek and Kolb's farm, it lost 12 in killed, wounded and missing; and at Peachtree creek, it experienced the hardest fighting of the campaign, being under a severe front and flank fire for nearly 4 hours, and repulsing three charges of the enemy. The casualties here were 15 killed and 65 wounded. Among those killed was the gallant young Colonel Logie. and among the severely wounded were Lieutenant-Colonel McNett and Major Clanharty. The regiment started on the campaign with 22 officers and 434 enlisted men. Its casualties in battle up to September 1 amounted to 210. It remained at Atlanta until November 15, when it started with Sherman on the march to the sea. It took part in the siege of Savannah and the following year closed its active service with the campaign through the Carolinas, losing a few men in the battle of Averasboro, N. C. After Johnston's surrender it marched on to Washington, took part in the grand review, and was there mustered out on June 8, 1865, under Colonel McNett. It lost by death from wounds 4 officers and 71 men; by disease and other causes. 2 officers and 172 men—total, 249.
One Hundred and Forty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Roscius W. Judson, Newton M. Curtis, Albert M. Barney; Lieutenant-Colonels, Newton M. Curtis, Albert M. Barney, William A. Jones; Majors, Nathan G. Axtell, William A. Jones, William S. P. Garvin. This regiment, recruited in the counties of St. Lawrence and Franklin, rendezvoused at Ogdensburg. and was there mustered into the U. S. service on September 29, 1862, for three years. The regiment left for Washington on October 6, where it was stationed until April of the following year, when it was ordered to Suffolk, Virginia. During its long period of active service the 142nd gloriously earned its reputation as a fighting regiment. Colonel Fox in his account of this organization, says: "It participated in the campaign of Gordon's division, up the Peninsula in June (1863), and in the Maryland march, soon after Gettysburg. From Warrenton, Virginia, the regiment went to Morris island, S. C., arriving there on August 17, 1863. In the following May, the 142nd returned to Virginia and joined Butler's Army of the James, having been assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division (Turner's), 10th corps. While at Cold Harbor the division was attached for a short time to the 18th corps. The losses in the regiment at Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred were 19 killed, 78 wounded and 22 missing; at Fort Harrison, 6 killed, 51 wounded and 10 missing; and at the Darbytown road, 8 killed, oo wounded and 5 missing. In Dec, 1864, the 10th corps was merged in the newly-formed 24th corps, the regiment being placed in Curtis' (1st) brigade, Ames' (2nd) division. In the same month this division, including the 142nd, sailed with Butler on the first expedition against Fort Fisher, N. C. It landed there and when the brigade was recalled from its advance the regiment had secured a position near to and in rear of the fort—so near that Lieut . Walling had captured a battle flag which had been shot down from the parapets. A battalion of the enemy were captured by the 117th New York, and the whole opposition of the Confederates was so weak that the officers believed that the fort could have been taken then with small loss. The statements of General Curtis and other officers were so positive on this point, that General Grant was largely influenced by them in his decision to order a second attempt. In this second affair, which was successful, General Curtis led the assault and fell seriously wounded, but survived to enjoy his honors as the 'Hero of Fort Fisher.'" In recognition of his services on this occasion he was commissioned by the secretary of war a brigadier-general of U. S. volunteers, and was later thanked by the people of his state in a joint resolution of the legislature. In the engagement at Fort Fisher in December 1864, the 142nd lost 20 killed and wounded; in the second attack, in January, 1865, it lost 79 killed and wounded. The regiment sustained no further losses in battle after Fort Fisher, but was present at the actions of Fort Anderson and Wilmington, N. C., and took part in the campaign of the Carolinas from March 1 to April 26. Under the command of Colonel Barney, it was mustered out June 17, 1865, at Raleigh, N. C., and on the 27th the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 169th N. Y. Out of a total enrollment of 1,370 the 142nd lost during service 3 officers and 126 men killed and died of wounds; 2 officers and 161 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 292.
One Hundred and Forty-third Infantry.—Colonels, David P. DeWitt, Horace Boughton; Lieutenant-Colonels, Horace Boughton, Joseph B. Taft, Hezekiah Watkins; Majors, Joseph B. Taft, Hezekiah Watkins, John Higgins, Edward H. Pinney. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Sullivan and Tompkins, was organized at Monticello. and there mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term on October 8, 1862. Colonel DeWitt was formerly in command of the 3d Maryland regiment. The 143d left the state on October 14, proceeded to Washington and remained on duty in the defenses of the capital until April, 1863, when it was ordered to the Department of Virginia. Here it participated in the defense of Suffolk, in the 3d (Hughston's) brigade, Gurney's division, and then took part in the operations against Richmond with Gordon's division. After the battle of Gettysburg it was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, and placed in the 1st brigade, 3d (Schurz's) division, nth corps. It accompanied the nth and 12th corps to Tennessee in September, joined Grant's army at Chattanooga and the following month took part in the midnight battle at Wauhatchie, Tennessee, losing 6 killed and wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel Taft was killed in the action at Missionary ridge in November, after which the regiment was ordered to the relief of Knoxville, a most trying and arduous campaign. When the new 20th _ corps was formed in April. 1864, the 143d was assigned to 3d brigade (Robinson's), 1st division (Williams') of that corps, and fought under Sherman in all the battles and campaigns in which the 20th corps was engaged from Chattanooga to Raleigh. During this period of almost a year the regiment sustained casualties amounting to 176 killed, wounded and missing, its heaviest losses being incurred at Kennesaw mountain, where 76 were killed, wounded and missing, and at Peachtree creek, where the loss was 48 killed and wounded. Lieutenant Edward Carrington, a splendid soldier, was killed March 6, 1865, at Natural Bridge, Florida, while serving on the staff of General Newton. After Johnston's surrender the regiment marched to Washington, where it took part in the grand review, and was there mustered out on July 20, 1865. It returned home under command of Colonel Boughton, who was soon after commissioned brigadier-general. The loss of the regiment during service was 5 officers and 38 men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 177 men died of disease and other causes; 9 men were killed in a railroad accident March 20, 1863; total deaths, 221.
One Hundred and Forty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Robert S. Hughston, David E. Gregory, William J. Slidell, James Lewis; Lieutenant-Colonels, David Gregory, James Lewis, Calvin A. Rice; Majors, Robert T. Johnson, Calvin A. Rice, William Plaskett. This regiment, recruited in Delaware county, was organized at Delhi, and there mustered into the U. S. service on September 27, 1862. It left the state on October 11, 956 strong, and was stationed in the defenses of Washington at Upton's hill, Cloud's mills and Vienna until April, 1863. It was then assigned to the Department of Virginia, and in Gurney's division assisted in the defense of Suffolk, during Longstreet's siege of that place. In May it was placed in Gordon's division of the 7th corps at West Point, and snared in the demonstration against Richmond. In July it joined the 2nd brigade, 1st (Schimmelfennig's) division, nth corps. This division was detached from its corps on August 7, and ordered to Charleston harbor, where during the fall and winter of 1863 the regiment was engaged at Folly and Morris islands, participating with Gillmore's forces in the siege of Fort Wagner and the bombardment of Fort Sumter and Charleston. In February, 1864, in the 1st brigade, Ames' division, 10th corps, it was engaged at Seabrook and John's islands, S. C. It was then ordered to Florida, where it was chiefly engaged in raiding expeditions and was active in the action at Camp Finnegan. It returned to Hilton Head in June; was active at John's island in July, losing 13 killed, wounded and missing; in Potter's brigade of the Coast division it participated in the cooperative movements with Sherman, fighting at Honey Hill and Deveaux neck. Its casualties at Honey Hill were 108 and at Deveaux neck, 37 killed, wounded and missing. Lieutenant James W. Mack, the only commissioned officer killed in action, fell at Honey Hill. Attached to the 3d separate brigade, District of Hilton Head, it was severely engaged at James island in February, 1865, losing 44 killed, wounded and missing. In the fall of 1864 the ranks of the regiment were reduced to between 30o and 400 men through battle and disease, and it was then recruited to normal standard by one year recruits from its home county. The regiment was mustered out at Hilton Head, S. C., June 25, 1865, under command of Colonel Lewis. It lost by death during service 40 officers and men, killed and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 174 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total, 218.
One Hundred and Forty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Edward Livingston Price; Lieutenant-Colonels, Ole P. H. Balling, Roswell L. Van Wagenen; Majors, R. L. Van Wagenen, George W. Reid, James H. Brennan. The 145th, the "Stanton Legion," recruited principally at New York city, Hempstead, Oyster Bay and Staten island, was organized at Staten island and there mustered into the U. S. service, September n, 1862, for a three years' term. It left the state on the 27th and was immediately assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd (Greene's) division, 12th corps, which was stationed in the vicinity of Harper's Ferry until December, when it moved into Virginia and made its winter quarters at Stafford Court House. The regiment was heavily engaged at the battle of Chancellorsville, then in Williams' (1st) division, 12th corps, losing 95 killed, wounded and missing. Lieutenant W. H. Poole, the only commissioned officer killed in action, fell in this battle. Its loss at Gettysburg was 10 killed and wounded. It then followed with the corps in pursuit of Lee until the Rappahannock was reached, and .was present at the battles of Williamsport, Maryland, and Robertson's ford, Virginia. The 145th was disbanded on December 9, 1863, when the men were distributed to the 107th, 123d, and 150th regiments. During its service as a separate regiment it lost by death, 1 officer and 14 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 35 enlisted men died of disease and other causes, a total of 50.
One Hundred and Forty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Kenner Garrard, David T. Jenkins, James Grindlay; Lieutenant-Colonels, David T. Jenkins, William S. Corning, Jesse J. Armstrong, Henry H. Curran, James Grindlay, Peter Claesgens; Majors, David T. Jenkins, William S. Corning, Henry H. Curran, James Grindlay, Peter Claesgens, Isaac P. Powell. The 146th, known as the 5th Oneida, or Garrard's Tigers, recruited in the county of Oneida, was organized at Rome, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on October 10, 1862. In May and June, 1863, it received by transfer the three years' men of the 5th (the famous Duryee Zouaves) and the 17th N. Y. infantry, and in 1864, a few additions from the 2nd, 9th, 16th, 18th, 30th, 34th, 37th and 44th N. Y. The regiment left the state on October 11, 1862, for Washington and in November, joined the Army of the Potomac at Snicker's gap, Virginia, where it was placed in Warren's (3d) brigade, Sykes' (2nd) division, 5th corps, a division chiefly composed of regulars. It marched with this command to Fredericksburg, where it fought its first battle, losing 1 mortally wounded and 17 missing or captured. At Chancellorsville the regiment suffered heavily on the first day of the fight and acquitted itself with honor, losing 50 killed, wounded and missing, and at Gettysburg it again fought gallantly, losing 28 killed and wounded. Colonel Garrard was made brigadier-general for gallant conduct at Gettysburg. The regiment participated with little loss in the subsequent Virginia campaigns, ending with that of Mine Run, being present at Rappahannock and Bristoe Stations. Colonel Fox in his account of this regiment says: "The regiment encountered its severest fighting at the battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1864, where it suffered a terrible loss, not only in killed and wounded, but in captured men. Colonel Jenkins and Major Curran were killed in that bloody encounter, while the total loss of the regiment was 20 killed, 67 wounded and 225 captured or missing. In 1865, the regiment was in Winthrop's (1st) brigade, Ayres' (2nd) division, and was prominently engaged in that command at the battles of White Oak road, and Five Forks, General Winthrop being killed in the latter engagement while leading a successful charge of the brigade. The 146th was well drilled and at one time wore a conspicuous Zouave uniform. General Joseph Hayes, its last brigade commander, in taking leave of the regiment wrote: 'associated for a long time with the infantry of the regular army, the 146th yields the palm to none.'" The regiment took part in a number of important battles among which were Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Williamsport, Maryland, Wilderness, Spottsylvania (including the engagements at Piney Branch Church, Laurel Hill and Gayle's house), North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, siege of Petersburg, Weldon railroad, White Oak ridge and Five Forks. It was also present at Rappahannock Station, Bristoe Station, White Oak swamp, Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's run and Appomattox, the loss in the final Appomattox campaign, being 65 killed, wounded and missing. Commanded by Colonel Grindlay, the regiment was mustered out near Washington, D. C., July 16, 1865. Its total enrollment during service was 1,707, of whom 7 officers and 126 men were killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 187 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 324, of whom 1 officer and 87 men died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundred and Forty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Andrew S. Warner, John G. Butler, Francis C. Miller; Lieutenant-Colonels, John G. Butler, Francis C. Miller, George Harney, James Coey; Majors, Francis C. Miller, George Harney, Dudley Farling, Alex. R. Penfield, James Coey. This was an Oswego county regiment, organized at Oswego and there mustered into the U. S. service on September 23, 1862. It received by transfer on January 25, 1865, the remnant of the 76th N. Y. The regiment left the state on September 25, 1862, and after serving for a time in the defenses of Washington, north of the Potomac and in the provisional brigade, provost guard, Army of the Potomac, it was placed in the 1st division, 1st corps. It was under fire for the first time at Fitzhugh's crossing below Fredericksburg, one of the preliminary movements of the Chancellorsville campaign, losing a few men killed and wounded. It was in reserve at Chancellorsville and sustained no losses. In the 2nd (Cutler's) brigade, 1st (Wadsworth's) division 1st corps, and commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Miller, it marched on the field of Gettysburg. "The brigade— Cutler's—was the first infantry to arrive on that field and to it fell the honor of opening that famous battle, the first volley coming from the rifles of the 56th Pennsylvania. When Cutler's troops were forced back, the order to retire failed to reach the 147th, as Colonel Miller fell wounded and senseless just as he received it, and so the gallant band, under Major Harney, continued to hold its ground. A temporary success near by enabled the regiment to retire in good order; but not all, for of the 380 who entered that fight, 76 were killed or mortally wounded, 146 were wounded, and 79 were missing; total, 301." (Fox's, Regimental Losses in the Civil War.) The regiment took part in the Mine Run campaign—the last campaign of the 1st corps—sustaining a few casualties, and then went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. In March, 1864, when the 1st corps was broken up, it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 4th (Wadsworth's) division, 5th (Warren's) corps, and was actively engaged in all the battles of the corps during Grant's bloody campaign of 1864-65. While in the 5th corps it took part in the battle of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna river, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, first assault on Petersburg, siege of Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Poplar Spring Church, Boydton road, Hatcher's run, White Oak ridge, Five Forks and Appomattox. The total casualties of the regiment from the opening of the campaign in May, 1864, until Lee's surrender, amounted to 477 killed, wounded and missing. It was mustered out near Washington, D. C., June 7, 1865, under Colonel Miller. The total enrollment of the regiment during service was 2,102, of whom 581 were killed or wounded; 9 officers and 159 men were killed or mortally wounded; 2 officers and 177 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 11 officers and 336 men.
One Hundred and Forty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, William Johnson, George M. Guion, John B. Murray; Lieutenant-Colonels, George M. Guion, John B. Murray. E. Darwin Gage, Frederick L. Manning; Majors, John B. Murray, Henry T. Noyes, F. L. Manning, John Cooley. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Ontario, Seneca and Yates, was organized at Geneva and there mustered into the U. S. service on September 14, 1862, for three years. It left the state on the 22nd and was chiefly engaged in garrison duty at Suffolk, Norfolk and Yorktown, Virginia, until 1864, when it was placed in Wistar's division, 18th corps. In May, 1864, then in the 2nd (Stedman's) brigade. 2nd (Weitzel's) division, 18th corps, it took part in the short campaign of the Army of the James under General Butler against Petersburg and Richmond by way of the James river, being engaged at Swift creek, Proctor's creek, Drewry's bluff and Bermuda Hundred. Its loss during this campaign was 78 in killed, wounded and missing. The 18th corps was then ordered to reinforce the Army of the Potomac and the 148th was heavily engaged at Cold Harbor, losing 124 killed, wounded and missing. Returning with the corps to Bermuda Hundred, it moved to Petersburg and took part in the first bloody assault on the works, losing 16 killed, 74 wounded and 26 missing. After the failure of the assaults, the regiment went into position in the trenches on the right of the line, where it suffered daily from the incessant firing, its losses throughout the siege amounting to 124 killed, wounded and missing. In the latter part of August the 18th corps was relieved by the 10th, and the former was ordered into the defenses of Bermuda Hundred. In the latter part of September the regiment was engaged at Fort Harrison with a loss of 24 killed and wounded, and in October it was heavily engaged on the old battlefield of Fair Oaks, where it lost 84 killed, wounded and missing. When the 18th corps was discontinued in Dec, 1864. the 148th became a part of the new 24th corps, with which it participated in the Appomattox campaign, sharing in the final assault on Petersburg and the engagements at Rice's station, Burke's station and Appomattox Court House. The regiment by its signal gallantry displayed on many occasions had gained a well earned reputation for courage and efficiency. Corp. E. Van Winkle and privates Henry S. Wells and George A. Buchanan distinguished themselves at Fort Harrison and were the recipients of medals of honor from the war department. The regiment was mustered out on June 22, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia, under command of Colonel Murray. It lost by death during its term of service 4 officers and 95 men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 156 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 267.
One Hundred and Forty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels. Henry A. Barnum, Nicholas Grumbach; Lieutenant-Colonels, John M. Strong, Abel G. Cook, Charles B. Randall, Edward D. Murray, Jr., Nicholas Grumbach, Henry W. Burhaus; Majors, Abel G. Cook, Charles B. Randall, Robert E. Hopkins, Nicholas Grumbach, Henry W. Burhaus. This regiment, recruited in the county of Onondaga, was organized at Syracuse and there mustered into the U. S. service on September 18, 1862. for a three years' term. Colonel Barnum was an experienced officer, having served with distinction as major of the 12th N. Y. infantry. The regiment left the state on September 23d, 1862, for Washington, where it was immediately ordered to join General McClellan's army, and was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd (Geary's) division, 12th corps, "in which command it fought at Chancellorsville, losing there 15 killed, 68 wounded and 103 captured or missing. At Gettysburg the regiment participated in the famous defense of Culp's hill, made by Greene's brigade, in which the 149th, fighting behind breastworks, lost 6 killed, 46 wounded and 3 missing, but inflicted many times that loss on its assailants. With the 12th corps, it was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland and the Onondaga boys fought as bravely in Tennessee as in Virginia or at Gettysburg. At Lookout mountain, they captured 5 flags while fighting under Hooker in that memorable affair, their casualties amounting to 10 killed and 64 wounded. Before starting on the Atlanta campaign the 12th corps was designated the 20th, its command being given to General Hooker. The regiment started on that campaign with 380 fighting men, of whom 136 were killed or wounded before reaching Atlanta. Lieutenant-Colonel Randall, a gallant and skillful officer, was killed at Peachtree creek, in which action the regiment sustained its heaviest loss on that campaign, its casualties there aggregating 17 killed, 25 wounded and 10 missing. The regiment, after marching with Sherman to the sea was actively engaged in the siege of Savannah, and then marched through the Carolinas on the final campaign which ended in the surrender of Johnston." (Fox. "Regimental Losses in the Civil War.") A list of the important battles in which the regiment fought would include, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Lookout mountain, Ringgold gap, Resaca. New Hope Church, Lost mountain, Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek, Atlanta, Missionary ridge, Rocky Face ridge, Averasboro, Bentonville and Bennett's house. After the surrender of Johnston, the regiment marched to Washington, where it took part in the grand review in May, and was mustered out on June 12, 1865, near Bladensburgh, Maryland, under Colonel Grumbach. The 149th had a total enrollment of 1,15s, of whom 486 were killed and wounded. Of these 4 officers and 129 men—or 11.5 per cent.—were killed and mortally wounded; 78 died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 211. The following men were awarded medals of honor by the war department for the capture of battleflags at Lookout mountain: 1st Sergt. Norman E. Potter, and privates Peter Kappesser and Phillip Goettel.
One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry.—Colonels, John H. Ketcham, Alfred B. Smith; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles G. Bartlett, Alfred B. Smith, Joseph H. Cogswell; Majors. Alfred B. Smith, Joseph H. Cogswell, Henry A. Gildersleeve. This regiment was from Dutchess county and was composed of excellent material. It was organized at Poughkeepsie, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on October 11, 1862, for three years, and when the 145th N. Y. volunteers was disbanded in Dec, 1863, a portion of the members was transferred to the 150th. The regiment left the state on Oct . 11, 1862, and performed garrison and guard duty at Baltimore until July, 1863, when it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st (Williams') division, 12th corps, with which it marched to the field of Gettysburg, where it fought its first battle, losing 45 killed, wounded and missing. In September, 1863, the regiment went to Tennessee with the 12th corps to join the Army of the Cumberland, where Williams' division was stationed along the railroad between Murfreesboro and Bridgeport. In April, 1864, the 12th corps was designated the 20th. In the same brigade and division, the 150th moved on Sherman's Atlanta campaign about the beginning of May and took an important and honorable part in many of the great battles of that memorable campaign, including Resaca, Cassville, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek and the siege of Atlanta. The casualties of the regiment aggregated 100 killed and wounded during the 4 months' fighting from Tunnel Hill to Atlanta. On November 15, 1864, the regiment started on the march to the sea with Sherman, and in December was actively engaged in the siege of Savannah, losing 20 killed, wounded and missing. The following year it embarked on the campaign through the Carolinas, being sharply engaged at the battle of Averasboro and losing a few men at Bentonville. On the close of this campaign it marched on to Washington, where it took part in the grand review, and was mustered out there on June 8, 1865, under command of Colonel Smith. Colonels, Ketcham and Smith were both promoted to brevet brigadier-general, the former receiving his brevet while suffering from a severe wound received at Atlanta, and he was subsequently advanced to the rank of major-general. The regiment had a total enrollment of about 1,30o, of whom 2 officers and 49 men were killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 78 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 132.
One Hundred and Fifty-first Infantry.—Colonel, William Emerson; Lieutenant-Colonels, Ewen A. Bowen, Thomas M. Fay, Charles Bogardus; Majors, Thomas M. Fay, James A. Jewell. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Niagara and Monroe, was organized at Lockport, where it was mustered into the U. S. service October 22, 1862, for three years. It received the men recruited for Colonel Franklin Sidway's Buffalo regiment, which served to complete its organization. The regiment left the state on the 23d and warn stationed at Baltimore until the following February, when it way ordered to West Virginia, serving there and at South mountain, Maryland, until July 10, 1863, when it joined the 3d corps and was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d (French's) division, in which it was present at the action of Wapping heights. In August it was placed in the 1st brigade, same division and corps, and was present, but met with no loss, at McLean's ford, Catlett's station and Kelly's ford. During the Mine Run campaign it was sharply engaged at Locust Grove, losing 60 killed, wounded and missing, and upon returning from this campaign went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. When the 3d corps was discontinued in March, 1864, the 151st was placed in the 1st brigade, 3d (Ricketts) division, 6th corps, with which it did its full share in the fighting from the Wilderness to Petersburg, being engaged at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, and Cold Harbor. On July 6, during Early's invasion of Maryland, it moved with its division to Baltimore and was heavily engaged at Monocacy, losing 118 killed, wounded and missing. As a part of the Army of the Shenandoah it took part in Sheridan's brilliant campaign in the Valley, fighting at Charlestown. Leetown, Smithfield, Opequan, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, with a loss of 38 in the campaign. In December it returned to the Petersburg trenches and was stationed near the Weldon railroad through the winter. On December 21, 1864, its thinned ranks were consolidated into a battalion of five companies. In April, 1865, it took part in the final assault on the works of Petersburg and the ensuing hot pursuit of Lee's army, fighting its last battle at Sailor's creek. Its loss in the Appomattox campaign was 18 killed and wounded. The regiment was finally mustered out near Washington, D. C, June 26, 1865, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Bogardus. It lost during service 5 officers and 101 men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 99 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 206.
One Hundred and Fifty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Leonard Boyer, Alonzo Ferguson, George W. Thompson, James E. Curtis; Lieutenant Colonels, Alonzo Ferguson, George W. Thompson, Timothy O'Brien, James E. Curtis, Edmund G. Gilbert; Majors, George R. Spaulding, Timothy O'Brien, James E. Curtis, Edmund C. Gilbert, Charles H. Dygert. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Herkimer and Mohawk was organized at Mohawk and was there mustered into the U. S. service on October 15, 1862. The regiment left on the 25th and was stationed in the defenses of Washington until the succeeding April, when it was ordered to Suffolk and assigned to Terry's brigade, Corcoran's division, 7th corps. After sharing in the defense of Suffolk, it served under General Keyes on the Peninsula and in July was ordered to New York city during the draft riots, remaining there until October, when it joined the Army of the Potomac and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd (Webb's) division,. 2nd corps. In this command it shared in the Mine Run campaign, being engaged at Robertson's tavern. In the Wilderness campaign it fought in Gibbon's division, 2nd corps and was active in all the series of battles ending with the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. Its heaviest losses occurred at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna river, Cold Harbor, first assault on Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station and Boydton plank road. Its losses during the whole campaign amounted to a total of 303 killed, wounded and missing. Its last battle was at Farmville two days before Lee's surrender. Under the command of Colonel Curtis it was mustered out near Washington, D. C., June 13, 1865, and returned home with only 256 men, having lost during service 4 officers and 68 men, killed and died of wounds; 1 officer and 91 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 166. Private John Weeks was awarded a medal of honor for gallantry.
One Hundred and Fifty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Duncan McMartin, Edwin P. Davis; Lieutenant-Colonels, Thomas A. Armstrong, William H. Printup, Alexander Strain, George H. McLaughlin; Majors, Edwin P. Davis, Alexander Strain, Stephen Simmons, Jacob C. Klock, George H. McLaughlin, C. F. Putnam, Abram V. Davis. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Fulton, Montgomery, Saratoga, Clinton, Essex and Warren, was organized at Fonda and there mustered into the U. S. service on October 18, 1862, for three years. It left the same day for Washington, was first stationed at Alexandria as provost guard, and during most of the year 1863, did garrison and guard duty about the capital. It was then transferred to the Department of the Gulf, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st (Emory's) division, 19th corps, with which it took part in the Red River campaign, meeting with severe loss at Pleasant Hill. It was active at Mansura and was warmly commended for its bravery in these battles by the commanding general. In July, 1864, it returned to Virginia with the 1st and 2nd divisions; on its arrival at Washington it was ordered into Maryland to confront General Early; and then served with Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, taking part in the battles of the Opequan, Fisher's hill, Strasburg and Cedar creek, besides numerous lesser skirmishes. Its loss at the Opequan was 69 killed and wounded, and at Cedar creek,. 81 killed, wounded and missing. The regiment continued to serve in the valley until April, 1865, when it moved with Dwight's division to Washington, where it participated in the grand review in May. In July it sailed for Savannah, Georgia, and while stationed there won the esteem and respect of the citizens by the gentlemanly conduct of its officers and men. Colonel Davis was brevetted brigadier general for meritorious service. The regiment was mustered out at Savannah on October 2, 1865, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel McLaughlin. It lost during service 1 officer and 40 men killed and died of wounds; 1 officer and 160 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 202.
One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Patrick H. Jones, Lewis D. Warner; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry C. Loomis, Daniel B. Allen, Lewis D. Warner, Harrison Cheney; Majors, Samuel G. Love, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Daniel B. Allen, Lewis D. Warner, Harrison Cheney, Alfred W. Benson. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus, was organized at Jamestown, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on September 24-26, 1862, for three years. Four days later it left the state and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd (Steinwehr's) division, nth corps, which was stationed during the fall of 1862 in Northern Virginia in the vicinity of Centerville. The regiment went into winter quarters with the corps at Stafford, Virginia, and suffered severely in the disaster which befell the corps at Chancellorsville, losing 32 killed, 81 wounded and 115 captured and missing. The regiment met with another severe loss at Gettysburg, where it was heavily engaged in the battle of the first day, and in the gallant defense of Cemetery hill the second day, losing 6 killed, 21 wounded and 173 missing. It accompanied the army on its return to Virginia and in September was ordered to Tennessee with the 11th and 12th corps to reinforce General Rosecrans. In October it was lightly engaged in the midnight battle of Wauhatchie and had 6 men wounded at Missionary ridge. When the 20th corps was formed in April, 1864, the 154th was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division (Geary's "White Stars") with which it fought from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and then to the end of the Carolina campaign. At Rocky Face ridge, the first important battle of the Atlanta campaign, the regiment behaved with distinguished gallantry and sustained its heaviest loss —13 killed and 37 wounded. It also lost heavily at Kennesaw mountain, where 36 were killed and wounded. At the conclusion of the campaign through the Carolinas it marched with the 20th corps to Washington and participated in the grand review. Commanded by Colonel Warner, it was mustered out at Bladensburgh, Maryland, June 11, 1865. The regiment lost during service 2 officers and 84 men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 193 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 281 of whom 1 officer and 90 men died in Confederate prisons.
One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, William McEvily, Hugh C. Flood, John Byrne; Lieutenant-Colonels, James P. McMahon, Hugh C. Flood, John Byrne; Majors, Hugh C. Flood, John Byrne, John O. Dwyer, Michael Doran, James McConvey, Francis Paige. This was the second regiment of the famous Corcoran brigade. When General Corcoran returned from his imprisonment in Richmond, he raised the brigade of Irish regiments known as the Corcoran Legion, composed of the 182nd (69th militia), 155th, 164th and 170th N. Y. infantry. The 155th was recruited principally in the counties of New York, Kings, Queens, Broome and Erie and was organized at New York city. The regiment left the state on November 10, 1862, and proceeded to Newport News, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on the 18th for a term of three years. On January 29, 1863, the brigade moved on the Blackwater expedition (Colonel Murphy, of the 69th militia, commanding the brigade and General Corcoran the division), and was under fire for the first time in the affair at the Deserted House, suffering a few casualties. In April it was engaged for nearly a month in the defense of Suffolk, where it again sustained some loss, and from July, 1863, to May, 1864, it was stationed near Washington. It then joined Grant's army at Spottsylvania and was assigned to the 4th brigade, 2nd (Gibbon's) division, 2nd corps. The Legion, commanded since the death of General Corcoran in Dec, 1863, by Colonel Murphy, arrived in time to take part in the closing battles around Spottsylvania, where the 155th lost 58 killed, wounded and missing. It met with its heaviest loss at Cold Harbor, where it was in the assaulting column, the casualties being 154 killed, wounded and missing. In the battles around Petersburg in June, 1864, it met a loss of 83 killed and wounded. The regiment was only slightly engaged at Strawberry Plains, but was in the hottest of the fight at Reams' station, losing 48 killed, wounded and missing. The heaviest subsequent losses of the regiment were sustained in the battles of Boydton plank road in October and in the assault on the Petersburg works in March, 1865, when its casualties were 20 and 12, respectively. It remained a part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps until the end of the war, being present at Farmville and Appomattox Court House. The regiment was mustered out under Colonel Byrne, June 15, 1865, near Washington, D. C. Out of a total enrollment of 830, it lost during service 9 officers and 106 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded—or 13.7 per cent.; 2 officers and 72 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 189, of whom 2 officers and 35 men died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Erastus Cooke, Jacob Sharpe; Lieutenant-Colonels, Jacob Sharpe, Thomas Fowler, Alfred Neafie; Majors, Louis Schaffner, Thomas Fowler, William Van Wagenen, Matthias S. Ewan. This regiment, known as the "Mountain Legion," was recruited in the counties of Ulster, Greene and Richmond and was organized at Kingston, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on November 17, 1862. The New Paltz volunteers formed part of the regiment, as did three companies recruited by Colonel Minthorn Thompson. It left the state on December 4, 1862, and sailed for New Orleans, where it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d (Emory's) division, 19th corps, with which it participated in its first battle at Fort Bisland, losing 22 killed and wounded. It took an active part in the long siege of Port Hudson, including the assault of June 14. when Lieutenant-Colonel Fowler was mortally wounded while leading the regiment in a charge. The total loss of the regiment during the siege was 30 killed and wounded. After the fall of Port Hudson it spent the ensuing 9 months in post and garrison duties, with occasional reconnoissances into the enemy's country. On March 15, 1864, in Grover's (2nd) division, it moved on Banks' Red River expedition and was engaged at Pleasant Hill, Alexandria and Mansura. but sustained slight loss. In July, 1864, when the first two divisions of the corps were ordered to Virginia, the 156th embarked for Washington and after marching through Maryland engaged in Sheridan's famous Shenandoah campaign against Early. At the battle of the Opequan the regiment lost 20 killed and 91 wounded, a total of ill. Colonel Sharpe had been promoted to brevet brigadier-general for gallantry and was in command of the brigade at Winchester, while Lieutenant-Col . Neafie gallantly commanded the regiment. The 156th was also in the fights at Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek, losing in the latter action 92 killed, wounded and missing. In this fight, when several of the color-guard had fallen, the regimental colors were narrowly saved from capture by the bravery of Captain Alfred Cooley, who stripped the colors from the staff and brought them safely off the field. The fighting in the valley had now ended and in January, 1865, the regiment proceeded with Grover's division to Savannah, Georgia. General H. W. Birge was now given command of the division, which joined in the final campaign in the Carolinas, temporarily attached to the 10th corps as the 1st division. In May it returned to Savannah, and the regiment continued to serve in that vicinity until finally' mustered out under Colonel Sharpe, at Augusta, Georgia, October 23, 1865. It lost during its term of service 4 officers and 60 men killed in action and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 163 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 231.
One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Philip P. Brown, Jr., James C. Carmichael; Lieutenant-Colonels, George Arrowsmith, James C. Carmichael, Frank Place; Majors, James C. Carmichael, Frank Place, Leonard F. Briggs. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Madison and Cortland, was organized at Hamilton, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 19, 1862. It left the state on the 25th and on reaching Washington was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d (Schurz's) division, nth corps, with which it went into winter quarters at Stafford, Virginia. Its first battle was the disastrous one of Chancellorsville, where it lost 98 in killed, wounded and missing. The regiment sustained a fearful loss at Gettysburg, where it was heavily engaged on the first two days of the battle and was highly praised for its gallantry. Lieutenant Colonel Arrowsmith was killed on the first day. The casualties of the 157th amounted to 6 officers and 46 men killed and mortally wounded; 6 officers and 137 men wounded; 6 officers and 106 men, missing, a total of 307. Soon after the battle it was assigned to the 1st brigade of Schimmelfennig's (1st) division, same corps. This division was detached in August and ordered to Charleston harbor, where it became a part of the loth corps, and during the remainder of 1863, the regiment, in the 2nd brigade, Gordon's division, 10th corps, was stationed on Folly and Morris islands, S. C It participated in the siege of Fort Wagner and the various operations about Charleston harbor; was engaged at Seabrook and John's Islands in February, 1864, meeting with some losses, and was then ordered to Florida, where it remained until June, when it returned to Beaufort. During the remainder of its service it took part in the engagements at Honey Hill (loss, 32 killed and wounded), Boyd's point, Coosawhatchie, Deveaux neck (loss, 24), Tillafinny Station (loss, 20), all in 1864; in 1865 it fought at Manningsville, Dingle's mill (loss. 28), Singleton's plantation, Big Rafting creek and Statesburg. On July 10, 1865, it was mustered out at Charleston, S. C., under Colonel Carmichael. It lost by death during service, 7 officers and 90 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 104 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 203; total casualties, killed, wounded and missing, 533.
One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, James Jourdan, William H. McNary; Lieutenant-Colonels, Wm. H. McNary, Hyron Kalt; Majors, William H. Burnett, John O'Connor, Silas A. Ilsley, Hyron Kalt, William A. Furrey. This was a Brooklyn regiment, all its members being recruited in that city except part of Co. C, which was raised in Jamaica and New York city. It was organized at Brooklyn as one of the regiments of the Empire (Spinola's) brigade, and went to the front under command of Colonel James Jourdan, afterwards promoted to brevet major-general. The regiment left the state on September 18, 1862, about 700 strong, proceeded to Norfolk, Virginia, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on November 11, and soon after moved to Suffolk. A few weeks later it was ordered to New Berne, N. C., and placed in the 2nd brigade, 5th division, 18th corps. It remained in North Carolina until the summer of 1864, when it rejoined the 18th corps at Bermuda Hundred, Virginia. During its long stay in North Carolina it performed garrison and outpost duty at New Berne, Beaufort and Morehead, and took part in several brilliant raids. It went to the relief of General Foster at Washington, N. C., when he was besieged there in the spring of 1863, and in 1864 the regiment, led by Colonel Jourdan, made a brilliant raid into Jones and Onslow counties, N. C. Lieutenant-Colonel McNary served as military governor of Beaufort. In September, 1864, soon after joining the Army of the James, the regiment was attached to the 1st brigade, Heckman's (2nd) division, 18th corps and was heavily engaged at Fort Harrison, losing 78 killed, wounded and missing. General Butler wired to General Grant: "The 158th is with the Army of the James, and won its colors handsomely at Battery Harrison." When the 24th corps was formed in Dec, 1864, it was attached to the 1st (Foster's) division of that corps, with which it took part in the assault on Forts Gregg and Whitworth at the time of the final attack on the works of Petersburg, April 2, 1865. After the fall of Petersburg it followed in the pursuit pf Lee's army, being sharply engaged at Rice's station and at Clover hill, on the morning of Lee's surrender. On that occasion the troops of the 24th corps fired the last infantry-volley of the Army of the Potomac. The loss of the 158th in the Appomattox campaign amounted to 55 killed, wounded and missing. During the assault on Fort Gregg, April 2, 1865, Lieutenant Edward Reilly was killed, being the only commissioned officer killed in action during the war, though Lieutenant James Crosbie was killed before Petersburg, October 29, 1864, while serving with Co. D, 52nd N. Y. Four of the regiment were awarded medals of honor by Congress for gallantry in action: Sergts. William Laing and James Howard, and privates John Schiller and George Grube. After Lee's surrender the regiment returned to Richmond and was there mustered out under Colonel McNary, June 30, 1865. Its loss during service was 2 officers and 49 men killed and mortally wounded; 83 men died of disease and other causes; 4 men were accidentally killed at Batchelder's creek, N. C., by an explosion of torpedoes; total deaths, 134.
One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Homer A. Nelson, Edward L. Molineaux; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward L. Molineaux, Gilbert A. Draper, Charles A. Burt, Edward L. Gaul, William Waltermire, Wells O. Pettit; Majors, Gilbert A. Draper, Charles A. Burt, Edward L. Gaul, William Waltermire, Robert McD. Hart, Joseph G. McNutt, Wells O. Pettit, William F. Tieman. The several companies of this regiment were raised in the counties of Dutchess, Kings and Columbia. Cos. B, F, H and K were recruited at Hudson by Lieutenant-Colonel Molineaux and united with the others at East New York, and the remaining companies were formed from the men enlisted by Colonel Nelson originally for the 167th N. Y. The regiment was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city November 1, 1862, for three years. In 1864, a new Co. G replaced the old one, which was consolidated with the others. The 159th left the state on December 4, 1862, and proceeded to New Orleans, where it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 4th (Grover's) division, 19th corps, Department of the Gulf. Its first serious engagement was at Irish bend, where it fought bravely and sustained a loss of 117 killed, wounded and missing, Lieutenant-Colonel Draper and 4 other officers being among the killed and mortally wounded, and Colonel Molineaux among the severely wounded. This was by far the severest loss sustained by any regiment in this fight. It was actively engaged throughout the long siege of Port Hudson, taking part in the first assault of May 27. Its loss during the siege was 73 killed, wounded and missing. After the surrender of Port Hudson the regiment was engaged until the following year in post and garrison duty. In March, 1864, in the 2nd brigade, 2nd (Grover's) division, same corps, it moved on Banks' Red River expedition, being lightly engaged at Alexandria, Mansura and Morganza. In July it proceeded to New Orleans, where it embarked for Washington, the first two divisions of the corps having been ordered to Virginia. On its arrival it joined the loth corps before Richmond and Petersburg, and was engaged with some loss at Deep Bottom in August . It was actively engaged with the Army of the Shenandoah under Sheridan in the campaign against Early, losing 75 killed, wounded and missing at the Opequan, and 23 at Cedar creek, where the gallant Major Hart was among the killed. The fighting in the valley having ended, the regiment was ordered to Savannah, Georgia, and in March, 1865, was ordered to North Carolina, where it was temporarily attached to the 10th corps again. It was finally mustered out at Augusta, Georgia, Oct . 12, 1865, under command of Colonel Waltermire. The regiment lost by death during service 10 officers and 76 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 130 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 217.
One Hundred and Sixtieth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles C. Dwight, Henry P. Underhill; Lieutenant-Colonels, John B. Van Petten, Henry P. Underhill, John B. Burreed; Majors, William M. Sentell, Daniel L. Vaughan. This regiment was recruited by Colonel Dwight in the counties of Cayuga, Seneca, Wayne, Ontario, Allegany, Erie and Wyoming. It rendezvoused at Auburn, and was mustered into the U. S. service at New York city November 21, 1862, for three years. It left the state on December 4, 1862, and proceeded to the Department of the Gulf, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, Augur's division, 19th corps. Its first loss was met in the action with the gunboat Cotton in January, 1863, where 1 man was killed and 4 wounded; at Pattersonville in March, where Co. F, Captain Josiah P. Jewett, was on board the gunboat Diana during the action with the Confederate batteries, it lost 6 killed and 16 wounded, Captain Jewett being mortally wounded. At Fort Bisland its loss was 7 killed and wounded. It was later engaged at Jeanerette and Plain Store, after which it participated with credit in the long siege of Port Hudson, taking part in the general assaults of May 27 and June 14 Its loss in killed and wounded during the siege was 41. A period of post and garrison duty followed the fall of Port Hudson, and in March, 1864, in the 2nd brigade, 1st (Emory's) division, 19th corps, it started on Banks' Red River expedition, engaging with heavy loss at Pleasant Hill, where its casualties were 41 killed, wounded and missing, at Sabine cross-roads, Cane river crossing and Mansura. In July it returned to the north with the first two divisions of the 19th corps and in Dwight's (1st) division, fought under Sheridan in his campaign in the Shenandoah Valley against Early, sustaining severe losses in the battles of the Opequan and Cedar creek. In the former action its casualties were 15 killed, 61 wounded and 1 missing, and in the latter 66 killed, wounded and missing. Lieutenant-Colonel Van Petten received a bullet through the thigh at Winchester, but continued to bravely lead his men until the battle was over. He was subsequently promoted colonel of the 193d N. Y. infantry. The regiment left the valley in April, 1865; proceeded to Washington, where it took part in the grand review m May; moved to Savannah, Georgia, in June; and under command of Colonel Underhill was mustered out at Savannah on November 1, 1865. The regiment lost by death during its term of service 6 officers and 47 enlisted men killed and died of wounds received in action; 1 officer and 159 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 219.
One Hundred and Sixty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Gabriel P. Harrower, Henry G. Harrower; Lieutenant-Colonels, Marvin D. Stillwell, William B. Kinsey; Majors, Charles Straun, Willis E. Craig. This regiment was recruited by Colonel Gabriel P. Harrower in the fall of 1862 in the counties of Chemung, Steuben, Schuyler, Chenango and Broome. It was organized at Elmira and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, October 27, 1862. It left the state on December 4, for the Department of the Gulf, where it was first assigned to Grover's division, and soon after, to the 3d brigade, 1st (Augur's) division, 19th corps, with which it fought at Clinton plank road, Plains store, and in the long siege of Port Hudson. Its loss during the siege was 17 killed, wounded and missing. In July it was heavily engaged at Donaldsonville, Louisiana, with a loss of 7 killed, 39 wounded and 7 missing, and in September it formed part of Franklin's unsuccessful Sabine Pass expedition to Texas, sustaining a loss of 30 killed, wounded and missing. As a part of Emory's (1st) division, 19th corps, it participated in Banks' Red River campaign in the spring of 1864, during which it fought at Sabine cross-roads, Pleasant Hill, Cane river crossing and Mansura. The regiment was very heavily engaged at Sabine cross-roads under command of Lieutenant Colonel Kinsey, losing 13 killed, 64 wounded and 30 missing. When the first two divisions of the 19th corps were ordered to Virginia in July, 1864, the 161st remained in the Department of the Gulf and was stationed successively at Columbus, Kentucky, Memphis, Tennessee, and in western Mississippi. In the spring of 1865, as part of the 3d brigade, 1st division, 13th corps, it took part in General Canby's operations against Fort Blakely, Spanish Fort and Mobile, Alabama, after which it was ordered to Florida and was finally mustered out at Tallahassee on November 12, 1865. Those whose terms were about to expire had been previously mustered out, under command of Major Craig, September 10, 1865, at Fort Jefferson, Florida, after which the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of two companies. During its term of service, the 161st lost by death, 1 officer (2nd Lieutenant Lewis E. Fitch, killed at Sabine cross-roads) and 55 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 250 enlisted men died of disease and other causes, a total of 306.
One Hundred and Sixty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Lewis Benedict, Justus W. Blanchard; Lieutenant-Colonels, Justus W. Blanchard, James M. Vanderburgh; Majors, James M. Bogart, Robert W. Leonard, George W. Keating, F. W. Coleman, John W. Babcock, William P. Huxford. The 162nd, the "Third Metropolitan Guard," was a New York city regiment, recruited under the auspices of the Metropolitan police. To complete its organization, the men enlisted for Cos. D and K, 53d N. Y. 2nd organization, were assigned to it as Co. F. In 1863 a new Co. H was recruited to take the place of the old company transferred and in February, 1864, the 174th N. Y. was consolidated with the 162nd. The regiment was organized at Riker's island, N. Y. harbor, and there mustered into the U. S. service from August 22 to October 18, 1862, for three years. It left the state on October 24, proceeded to Washington, whence it was ordered to Hampton Roads in November, and the following month embarked for New Orleans. It served for several weeks at New Orleans, Carrollton and Donaldsonville, Louisiana, during which period it was twice engaged at Plaquemine with small loss. As a part of Emory's (3d) division, 19th corps, it shared in the operations leading up to the investment of Port Hudson, taking part in the skirmish on the Clinton plank road, and being present at Fort Bisland, but without loss. A detachment of Co. I, under Lieutenant Neville, was in the skirmish in April at Bayou Courtableau. In the 1st brigade, 2nd (Sherman's) division, 19th corps, it was actively engaged during the siege of Port Hudson, losing heavily in the general assaults of May 27 and June 14, its loss in killed and wounded aggregating 59, among the former being Major Bogart. It was on detached service at Springfield landing in June and July, losing 10 killed and wounded in a skirmish on July 2. It was then assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 19th corps, and was twice engaged at Vermilion bayou in the fall of 1863. In March, 1864, attached to the 3d brigade, 1st (Emory's) division, 19th corps, it started on Banks' Red River campaign, taking part in the battles of Sabine crossroads, Pleasant Hill, Cane river crossing and Mansura. The regiment suffered severely at Pleasant Hill, where it lost 106 killed, wounded and missing. Colonel Benedict, commanding the brigade, was killed here while bravely leading a charge. The loss at Cane river crossing was 37 killed, wounded and missing. In July the regiment returned to Virginia with the divisions of Emory and Grover and while before Richmond, lost 49 killed, wounded and missing. It accompanied Dwight's division of the Army of the Shenandoah to Washington in April, 1865, and a few weeks later sailed with it to Savannah, Georgia, where the regiment was mustered out, commanded by Colonel Blanchard, October 12. 1865. Its loss by death during service was 8 officers and 62 men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 151 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 224.
One Hundred and Sixty-third Infantry.—Lieutenant-Colonel, John B. Leverick; Major, James J. Byrne. The 163d, the 3d regiment of the Empire brigade, had only a brief independent existence, though long enough to establish itself as a brave organization. Its companies were recruited in the summer of 1862, principally in New York city, Brooklyn and Jamaica, and the regiment was organized at New York city, its ten companies being consolidated into six, under Colonel F. H. Braulick. It left the state October 5, 1862, and proceeded to Washington, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, October 11, 1862. It remained at Washington until in November, when it was engaged in skirmishes at Cedar creek and Waterloo, and the following month was attached to Carroll's (2nd) brigade, Whipple's (3d) division, 3d corps, with which it fought at Fredericksburg with a loss of 10 killed. 46 wounded and 5 missing. Lieutenant William Davis, Sergt.-Major Richard F. Tighe, Color-Sergt. Ernest Funk, and Orderly Sergt. Charles R. Near, were promoted on the field for bravery exhibited in the face of the enemy. On January 20, 1863, under Lieutenant-Colonel John B. Leverick, it was transferred to the 73d N. Y. General Whipple in announcing the order of consolidation said: "The general commanding desires to assure the officers and men of the gallant 163d regiment, .that his separation from them is a most painful one. By uniform good conduct in camp and on the march, and especially by bravery in battle, the regiment has won the approbation and confidence of all, and although it goes to add lustre to another organization, it has given renown to the colors and to the men of the 163d New York. It lost during service 3 officers and 15 men killed and mortally wounded, and 8 men died of disease.
One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, John E. McMahon, James P. McMahon, William DeLacey; Lieutenant-Colonels, James C. Burke, William DeLacey, John Beattie; Majors, Michael D. Smith, John Beattie, Bernard O'Reilly. This was one of the four regiments forming the brigade of Irish soldiers known as the Corcoran Legion. The 164th was recruited in New York, Brooklyn, Buffalo, and the counties of Niagara and St. Lawrence, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Newport News, Virginia, November 19, 1862, for three years. Colonel John E. McMahon was one of three brothers, all of whom became colonels. He succumbed to disease in March, 1863, and was succeeded by his brother, James P. McMahon, who was killed in action at Cold Harbor. Lieutenant-Colonel DeLacey had formerly rendered gallant service as major of the 37th N. Y. He was wounded several times and rose to the rank of brevet brigadier-general. Colonel Fox, in his account of this splendid fighting regiment, says: "The Legion was ordered to the Peninsula soon after, where it was placed in the 7th corps. On January 29, 1863, the brigade started on the Blackwater expedition (General Corcoran commanding the division), during which it saw its first fighting, at the affair known as the Deserted House. The gallant behavior of the Legion in this engagement elicited a general order from department headquarters which was highly complimentary to the command. In April, 1863, it was actively engaged in the siege of Suffolk. General Corcoran commanded the Legion up to the time of his death, which occurred at Fairfax, Virginia, December 22, 1863. From July, 1863, until May, 1864, the Legion was stationed near Washington, after which it joined Grant's army at Spottsylvania, where it was assigned to Gibbon's (2nd) division, 2nd corps. At Cold Harbor it was in the assaulting column, and succeeded in carrying the portion of the enemy's works in its immediate front, but with a heavy loss in men and officers. Seven officers of the regiment were killed in that assault, including Colonel McMahon, who was shot down after having with his own hands planted the regimental colors on the Confederate works. The regiment, however, was obliged to fall back, owing to the failure at other points of the line, having lost 16 killed, 59 wounded and 82 missing. The Legion was commanded at Spottsylvania by Colonel Murphy (182nd N. Y.), who afterwards fell mortally wounded at Dabney's mill. The casualties in the regiment at Spottsylvania were 12 killed, 66 wounded and 44 missing." The regiment suffered severely in the first assaults at Petersburg, where its losses amounted to 63 killed and wounded, chiefly incurred during the assault of June 16. It was present at Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains, and was again hotly engaged at Reams' station with a loss of 9 killed and mortally wounded, 1 wounded, 9 officers and 98 men missing or captured. From June 26, 1864, until the close of the war, the Legion, together with the 8th N. Y. heavy artillery, made up the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps. It was in the action on the Boydton road, losing 7 men; at Hatcher's run in December, and closed its active service with the Appomattox campaign in 1865, fighting at White Oak ridge, fall of Petersburg, High bridge, Farmville and Appomattox. It was mustered out near Washington, under Colonel DeLacey, July 15, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment was 928, of whom 10 officers and 106 men—or 12.5 per cent.—were killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 126 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 245, of whom 2 officers and 84 men died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Infantry.—Lieutenant-Colonels, Abel Smith, Jr., Governeur Carr, William R. French; Majors, Governeur Carr, Felix Angus, William W. Stephenson. The 165th, the 2nd battalion, Duryea's Zouaves, was originally recruited for a nine months' term, but was afterwards changed to three years. Only six companies were recruited, principally from New York city and Brooklyn, and were mustered into the U. S. service between August and Dec, 1862, for three years. In 1864, four new companies joined the battalion in the field and were consolidated with the original six companies. The battalion left the state December 2, 1862, sailing for New Orleans, and on its arrival was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd (Sherman's) division, 19th corps, Department of the Gulf. It participated in skirmishes in March, 1863, at North pass, Ponchatoula and Berwick bay, sustaining a few casualties, and was actively engaged throughout the long siege of Port Hudson, losing heavily in the assault of May 27. Its losses during the siege amounted to 106 killed, wounded and missing, among the mortally wounded being the gallant Lieutenant-Colonel Abel, who fell in the assault of May 27. It accompanied Franklin's expedition to Sabine pass, Tex., in September, 1863, and was later twice engaged at Vermilion bayou. In the 3d brigade, Emory's division, it took part in Banks' Red River expedition in the spring of 1864, fighting at Sabine crossroads, Pleasant Hill, Cane river crossing and Mansura. The loss at Sabine cross-roads was 48 killed, wounded and missing, and at Pleasant hill, 49. Returning north, the regiment was in action in September at Berryville, Virginia, but sustained no loss. When Dwight's 1st division, Army of the Shenandoah, left the valley in April, 1865, as a part of the 3d brigade, the regiment accompanied it to Washington and subsequently to Savannah, Georgia. Under Major Stephenson it was mustered out at Charleston, S. C., September 1, 1865, having lost by death during its term of service 2 officers and 44 men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 79 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 127, of whom 18 men died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Infantry.—This regiment failed to complete its organization and its number is accordingly vacant. The men enlisted were transferred to the 176th N. Y. infantry on November 13, 1862.
One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Infantry.—This regiment also failed to complete its organization. On October 28, 1862, the men enlisted for it were transferred to the 159th N. Y. infantry, forming Cos. A, C, D, E, G and I.
One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, William R. Brown; Lieutenant-Colonels, James Low, James C. Rennison; Majors, George Walter, James C. Rennison, Daniel Torbush. The 168th, the 19th militia, was a nine months regiment from Newburg. On September 18, 1862, Colonel Brown tendered the governor of the state the service of the 19th militia and was authorized to recruit the same to standard requirement for a service of nine months. It was mustered into the U. S. service on January 23, 1863, with the exception of Co. K, which was mustered in on February 11, 1863, and left the state February 12, 1863, for Yorktown, Virginia, and was assigned to Busteed's brigade, 1st division, 4th corps. Subsequently it served in King's brigade, same division and corps until June, when it was assigned to the 22nd corps, and the following month was placed in the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, nth corps. It took part in a skirmish at Walkerton, Virginia, in May, again skirmished there during the expedition to that place in June, and was engaged in a skirmish at Yorktown June 9. In addition it took part in a number of minor affairs. The regiment was mustered out and discharged at Newburg, N. Y. October 31, 1863. Its loss during service was 1 man killed in action; 1 officer and 36 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 38.
One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Clarence Buell, John McConihe, Alonzo Alden; Lieutenant-Colonels, John McConihe, Alonzo Alden, James A. Colvin; Majors, Alonzo Alden, James A. Colvin, Joseph H. Allen. The 169th, known as the Troy regiment, was recruited in the counties of Rensselaer and Washington and organized at Troy and Staten island. Cos. A to E were mustered into the U. S. service at Troy, September 25, 1862, and the remaining companies at New Dorp, Staten island, October 6, the term of enlistment being three years. The 169th left the state October 9, 1862, for Washington. It achieved honorable distinction in the field, and is numbered by Colonel Fox among the three hundred fighting regiments. He says: "The regiment was actively engaged in the defense of Suffolk, Virginia, where it served in Foster's brigade, Corcoran's division. In the following summer it participated in the operations about Charleston harbor and in May, 1864, it moved with the Army of the James to Bermuda Hundred. The regiment disembarked there with Butler's army and hard fighting, with its consequent heavy losses, immediately ensued. At Cold Harbor it fought in Martindale's division, Colonel McConihe being killed in that battle. The 169th held a perilous position in the trenches before Petersburg, losing men there, killed or wounded, almost every day. While there, on the evening of June 30, 1864, the brigade (Barton's) was ordered to charge the enemy s lines, so that, under cover of their fire, Curtis' brigade could throw up an advanced rifle-pit; but the regiment while going into position was prematurely discovered by the enemy and thereby drew upon themselves a severe fire, which not only frustrated the plan, but cost the regiment many lives." The regiment was one of those selected for the expedition against Fort Fisher, being then in Bell's (3d) brigade, Ames' division, 10th corps, and took part in the desperate but victorious assault on that stronghold. A large proportion of its losses there, however, occurred at the explosion of the magazine, after the fort had been captured. After the fall of Fort Fisher, the regiment accompanied the 10th corps in its advance on Wilmington. The following is a list of the engagements in which the 169th took part: siege of Suffolk, Fort Wagner, S. C, Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, Bermuda Hundred, Cold Harbor, around Petersburg, Dutch gap, Chaffin's farm, Virginia, and Fort Fisher, N. C. It was present at Edenton road, Carrsville, Blackwater, Zuni, Nansemond, South Anna, Drewry's bluff, Darbytown road and Wilmington. On the conclusion of the war it remained as a garrison at Raleigh, N. C., which city it had entered with the advance of Sherman's army, and was here mustered out on July 19, 1865, under command of Colonel Alden. The regiment was fortunate in the personnel of its officers and in the ranks was some of the best blood sent forth by the Empire State. In all its numerous fights the regiment never faltered, both officers and men behaving in the most praiseworthy and gallant manner. The total enrollment of the regiment (not including the men transferred from the 142nd N. Y., on June 7, 1865, after the war had ended) was 1,467, of whom 10 officers and 147 men—or 10.7 per cent.—were killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 125 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 285. The total number killed and wounded was 618.
One Hundred and Seventieth Infantry.—Colonels, Peter McDermott, James P. Mclvor; Lieutenant-Colonels, James P. Mclvor, Michael C. Murphy, John B. Donnelly, Charles Hagan; Majors, George W. Warner, John B. Donnelly, John Connery, Charles Hagan. This was one of the four regiments forming the Corcoran Legion, a brigade composed almost entirely of Irish soldiers. Its companies were recruited principally in New York city and Brooklyn and it was organized at Staten island, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on October 7, 1862, for three years. The regiment left the state on October 16, served for a month in the defenses of Washington, in Casey's division, and then embarked for Fortress Monroe. After a few weeks' service on the Peninsula, during which it participated in the Blackwater expedition and the skirmishes at the Deserted House and Union Mills, it went to Suffolk. Speaking of this splendid fighting regiment. Colonel Fox says: "It was actively engaged in the defense of Suffolk, at which time the Legion was commanded by Colonel Murphy, of the 69th militia, and the division by General Corcoran—the 1st division, 7th corps. It remained on duty in that vicinity until July, 1863, when the Legion (General Corcoran commanding) was ordered to Washington, where it performed garrison and outpost duty. In May, 1864, it was transferred to the Army of the Potomac and placed in Gibbon's (2nd) division of the 2nd corps, the Legion, under command of Colonel Murphy, arriving just in time to take part in the closing battles around Spottsylvania. At the North Anna the 170th encountered a severe musketry fire, its casualty list there being the largest of any regiment in that battle: 22 killed, 55 wounded and 22 missing. It met with another heavy loss at Petersburg, June 16-22, where its casualties amounted to 22 killed, in wounded and 3 missing. Most of this loss occurred in the assault of June 16. The regiment was again hotly engaged at Reams' station, where Major Donnelly was killed. From June, 1864, until the close of the war, the Legion, together with the 8th N. Y. heavy artillery, formed the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps." The casualties of the regiment at Reams' station amounted to 85 killed, wounded and missing. It met with further losses at Boydton plank road in October, at the Petersburg works in March, 1865, and then took part with the 2nd corps in the final Appomattox campaign, which ended with Lee's surrender. A list of the important battles in which the 170th was engaged includes the siege of Suffolk, Carrsville, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Reams' station, Boydton plank road, Hatcher's run, Deserted House. Edenton road, Totopotomy, Strawberry Plains, Vaughn road, Farmville and Appomattox. Colonel McDermott resigned shortly after the regiment took the field and his successor, Colonel Mclvor, commanded it during most of its active service. He was a gallant officer and rose to the rank of brevet major-general in 1865. The regiment was warmly commended by its brigade and division commanders for its conduct in battle and its efficiency. Its total enrollment was 1,oo2, of whom 10 officers and 119 men—or 12.8 per cent.—were killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 96 men, died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 227. The total number killed and wounded was 481.
One Hundred and Seventy-first Infantry.—This regiment failed to complete its organization, and its number is therefore vacant. On November 19, 1862, the men enlisted were transferred to the 175th N. Y. and the organization was discontinued.
One Hundred and Seventy-second Infantry.—This regiment also failed to complete its organization. In Dec, 1862, the men enlisted were transferred to the 6th N. Y. artillery, (q. v.)
One Hundred and Seventy-third Infantry.—Colonels, Charles B. Morton, Lewis M. Peck; Lieutenant-Colonels, Lewis M. Peck, William N. Green, Jr., Mellen T. Holbrook; Majors, A. Power Galloway, George W. Rogers. This regiment, known as the 4th Metropolitan Guard, and 4th National Guard, was recruited in the cities of New York and Brooklyn by the police departments of those cities, as one of the Metropolitan brigade. It was organized at Riker's island and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on November 10, 1862. On leaving the state, December 9, the regiment sailed for Louisiana, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade of Emory's (3d) division, 19th corps. It came under fire for the first time at Fort Bisland, losing 7 killed and wounded, and a detachment under Captain Conrady skirmished at Breaux bridge, Bayou Teche. The regiment took an active part in the siege of Port Hudson, where its total loss was 92 killed and wounded. Among the mortally wounded in the second assault on June 14, was Major Galloway. It was engaged at Carrion Crow bayou in November, 1863, and the following spring, in the 3d brigade of Emory's division, 19th corps, it took part in Banks' Red River campaign, being engaged in the fights at Sabine cross-roads, Pleasant Hill and Mansura, its loss in the first two battles being 232 killed, wounded and missing. Lieutenant-Colonel Green was killed at Pleasant Hill. Though the regiment was not again engaged in battle after the close of this campaign, it continued in active service. In July, 1864, it accompanied the 1st and 2nd divisions to Virginia and became a part of Sheridan's Army in the Shenandoah. It was on detached service with Currie's brigade at Harper's Ferry during the battle of Winchester, and at the time of the battle of Cedar creek was guarding wagon trains and was not engaged in the fight. The regiment remained with Dwight's (1st) division in the valley until April, 1865, and then moved to Washington for a number of weeks. The war was now over, and after taking part in the grand review it was ordered to Savannah, and was there mustered out under Colonel Peck, October 18, 1865. The regiment lost during service in killed and mortally wounded, 6 officers and 45 enlisted men; died of disease and other causes, 2 officers and 126 enlisted men, a total of 179.
One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Theodore W. Parmelee, Benjamin F. Gott; Lieutenant-Colonels, Benjamin F. Gott, James M. Vanderburgh; Major, Stephen D. Beekman. The 174th, or the 5th National Guard, was recruited in New York city under the auspices of the Metropolitan police; it was organized at Riker's island, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on November 13, 1862. The regiment left the state on December 7, sailing for Louisiana, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade of Emory's division. During the preliminary operations against Port Hudson, in the 3d brigade, Augur's division, 19th corps, it skirmished on the Clinton plank road, was engaged at Plains store, and then took part in the long siege of Port Hudson, during which it sustained a loss of 14 in killed, wounded and missing. After the fall of Port Hudson it was severely engaged at Cox s plantation, under command of Major George Keating, losing 18 killed, 29 wounded and 7 missing, the heaviest loss sustained by any regiment in the action. The remainder of the year was spent by the regiment in post and garrison duty at Baton Rouge, and on February 8, 1864, it was consolidated with the 162nd N. Y. (q. v.) During its independent existence it lost by death, 1 officer and 22 men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 59 men from disease and other causes—total deaths, 83.
One Hundred and Seventy-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Michael K. Bryan, John A. Foster; Lieutenant-Colonels, John A. Foster, John Gray; Majors, John Gray, Charles McCarthy. The 175th, the 5th regiment of the Corcoran brigade, was recruited from the cities of New York, Albany, Castleton, Troy, Glens Falls, Knox and Watervliet by Colonels Bryan, Mayer and Minthorn Tompkins. It was organized at New York city on November 19, 1862, with Colonel Bryan in command, and was mustered into the U. S. service from September to October, 1862, for three years. In October, 1863, the regiment was consolidated into three companies, A, B and C, and was increased to a battalion of five companies in October, 1864, by the addition of two new companies—D and E. The regiment left the state on November 21; 1862, proceeding first to Suffolk, Virginia, whence it shortly after, sailed for Louisiana. In the 3d (Gooding's) brigade, Emory's division, 19th corps, it was under fire for the first time at Fort Bisland, losing 1 killed and 6 wounded. It was engaged in a skirmish at Franklin, Louisiana, in May and from May 30 to July 8, took part in the siege of Port Hudson, suffering severely in the assault of June 14. Its loss during the siege was 53 killed, wounded and missing, the gallant Colonel Bryan being killed in the assault of June 14, while bravely encouraging his men. During the remainder of the year the regiment was engaged in post and garrison duty, with occasional skirmishes with the enemy. In the spring of 1864, now in the 3d brigade of Grover's division, 19th corps, it moved on Banks' Red River expedition and was engaged at Alexandria and Mansura. It was also three times engaged at Atchafalaya in May and June. In July, the battalion returned north with the first two divisions of the 19th corps, and as a part of Grover's division, took part in Sheridan's campaign against Early in the Shenandoah Valley, being engaged at Opequan, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, and after the close of the campaign it proceeded to Savannah with Grover's division. In March, 1865, General Birge now commanding the division, it was ordered to North Carolina, where it was temporarily attached to the 10th corps as a part of the 1st division and accompanied the corps in its advance on Wilmington, afterward being present at Bennett's house at the surrender of General Johnston. Cos. D and E were mustered out at Savannah, Georgia, June 30, 1865, and the other three companies under Major Charles McCarthy, at Greensboro, Georgia, November 27, 1865. Colonel Foster was brevetted brigadier-general in 1865 in recognition of his gallant services during the war. The loss of the regiment during its term of service was 1 officer and 13 men killed and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 117 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 135.
One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles C. Nott, Ambrose Stevens, Charles Lewis; Lieutenant-Colonels, A. J. H. Duganne, Charles Lewis, William W. Badger; Majors, Morgan Morgan, jr., Charles Lewis, James Entwistle. The 176th, the "Ironsides," was recruited from the state at large and was originally intended to be a three years organization. Colonel Charles Gould was authorized on September 4, 1862, to recruit the Ironsides in the first seven senatorial districts of the state for three years' service. Neither he, nor his successor, Colonel Mark Hoyt, succeeded in this and the regiment was finally organized in December at Brooklyn, by filling it up with recruits enlisted for nine months. The first nine companies were mustered into the U. S. service from November 20 to December 22, 1862, and Co. K was mustered in on January to, 1863. After the discharge of the nine months men, November 16, 1863, the organization was recruited to the normal standard by the addition of drafted men, substitutes and volunteers enlisted for three years. The regiment was organized under the direction of the Young Men's Christian Association of New York city. It left the state under command of Colonel Nott on January 11, 1863, and embarked on transports for New Orleans. On its arrival it was stationed in the defenses of New Orleans for several weeks and was attached to Augur's division of the 19th corps, when that corps was organized. It formed part of the garrison of New Orleans during the siege of Port Hudson, and took an active part in repelling the advance of the enemy under General Taylor. During June, 1863, detachments of the regiment participated in the skirmishes at Pattersonville, La Fourche crossing, Thibodeaux, Fort Buchanan, Bayou Boeuff and Brashier City. In the action at La Fourche crossing, the regiment was commanded by Major Morgan and behaved most gallantly; in the actions at Fort Buchanan, on the Atchafalaya, and at Brashear City, the regiment met with serious disaster, over 400 men being captured. This disaster was not due to lack of bravery on the part of the men. There was no one in command, but the men fought with all the bravery that could be expected. The loss of the regiment in the above actions amounted to 464 killed, wounded and captured or missing. In the spring of 1864, attached to the 3d brigade, Grover's division, 19th corps, it took part in Banks' Red River campaign, being engaged at Mansura and Simsport. In July it returned to Virginia with the first two divisions of the 19th corps and took an active part in Sheridan's brilliant campaign in the Shenandoah Valley against General Early, including the battles of Berryville, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek. Its loss at the Opequan was 47 killed, wounded and missing, and at Cedar creek, 53. In the assault on Fisher's hill it captured 4 guns from the enemy. It remained in the valley until January, 1865, when it was ordered to Savannah, Georgia, with Grover's division. In March it was ordered with the division, now commanded by General Birge, to North Carolina, where it was temporarily attached to the 10th corps and took part in the final campaign of the Carolinas, ending with the surrender of General Johnston at Bennett's house. Soon after this it returned to Georgia and was finally mustered out at Savannah on April 27, 1866. The regiment lost during service 2 officers and 31 men killed and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 177 men died of wounds and other causes—total deaths, 181, of whom 1 officer and 17 men died in the hands of the enemy.
One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, Ira W. Ainsworth; Lieutenant-Colonels, Frank Chamberlain, David M. Woodhall; Majors, David M. Woodhall, Charles E. Davis. The nucleus of this regiment was the loth National Guard, under Colonel Ainsworth, which volunteered for nine months' service and was accepted. It was recruited to the full number at Albany and vicinity, was organized at Albany, and there mustered into the U. S. service for nine months on November 21, 1862. It left the state December 16 for New Orleans, where it was assigned to the 3d brigade of Sherman's division, afterwards the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps. It took part in skirmishes at McGill's ferry, Pontchatoula, Civiques ferry and Amite river and was active throughout the siege of Port Hudson, where it fought gallantly in the general assault of May 27. Its loss during the siege was 23 killed and wounded. On the expiration of its term of service it returned to New York and was mustered out at Albany, September 24, 1863. The regiment lost during service 2 officers and 6 men, killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 149 men died of disease and other causes.
One Hundred and Seventy-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Edward Wehler; Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles F. Smith, John B. Gandolfo, Majors, Selden Hetzel, Augustus B. Sage. The organization of this regiment was begun at Staten island June 20. 1863, by the consolidation of the Blair Rifles, Pratt Guards, Seymour Light Infantry, Burnside Rifles, Westchester Light Infantry and Defenders. Its organization was completed on October 14, 1863, by the assignment to it of the men enlisted for the 7th, 8th and 31st veteran N. Y. infantry, all of which were then reorganizing. Co. A was recruited at Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara and Kingston, and the remaining companies in New York city. The regiment was mustered into the U. S. service by companies, between June 18 and October 17, 1863, for three years. It left the state by detachments from June 21 to October 24, proceeding to Washington, D. C., where it served as provost guard for several months. On October 31, 1863. it was ordered to Mississippi and stationed at Eastport, in the vicinity of Corinth. It was placed in Mower's division of the 16th corps; was engaged at Camden, Jackson, and on Sherman's Meridian expedition. Attached to the 3d brigade (Colonel Risdon M. Moore), Mower's division, detachment of the 16th corps, it moved with Banks' expedition up the Red River, taking part in engagements at Fort De Russy, Pleasant Hill, Campti, Cloutierville, Moore's plantation. Bayou Rapides, Mansura and Simsport. The regiment under command of Colonel Wehler was warmly engaged at Pleasant Hill, where it recaptured a battery in a spirited charge and drove the enemy in confusion. Its loss in this battle amounted to 31 killed, wounded and missing. When the detachment of the 16th corps consisting of Mower's and A. J. Smith's divisions were "loaned" by General Sherman to General Banks during the Red River campaign, it was understood they would soon return. The Red River campaign proved so disastrous, however, that their return was delayed and they were unable to join in Sherman's Atlanta campaign. Consequently the 178th remained with the detachment of the 16th corps under A. J. Smith in the Mississippi valley. On the conclusion of the Red River campaign, the regiment took part in the following engagements during the rest of the year 1864: Lake Chicot, Arkansas; Colliersville, and La Grange, Tennessee; Ripley, Tupelo, Old Town creek and Hurricane creek, Mississippi; Lexington, Independence, and Glasgow, Missouri; and Nashville, Tennessee. In the 3d brigade, Garrard's division, 16th corps, it proceeded to Mobile in the spring of 1865, participating in the siege of that city, and the fighting at the fall of Fort Blakely. The regiment was consolidated into a battalion of five companies at Eastport, Mississippi, in February, 1865, and continued in service a year longer, being finally mustered out on April 20, 1866, at Montgomery, Alabama, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Gandolfo. During its term of service the 178th lost by death 18 men killed and mortally wounded; by disease and other causes 2 officers and 190 enlisted men, a total of 210, of whom 35 died in the hands of the enemy. Its long service in the South accounts for its large disease mortality.
One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, William M. Gregg; Lieutenant-Colonels, Franklin B. Doty, Albert A. Terrill; Majors, J. Barnett Sloan, John Barton, Albert A. Terrill, Giles H. Holden. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Chemung, Erie, Steuben, Tioga and Tompkins, was organized at Elmira for one and three years' service. Cos. A, B, C, D, E, F and G were mustered into the U. S. service from May 11 to July 20, 1864, for three years; Co. H for one and three years, on September 13, 1864; and I and K for one year on September 13-15, 1864. Co. A, originally enlisted for Colonel Lewis T. Barney's 180th N. Y., did not join the regiment until February 21, 1865. The 179th left the state by detachments from May, 1864, proceeding to Washington, D. C., where it served in the 22nd corps until the summer of 1864 in the performance of garrison duty. On June 11, 1864, it joined Grant's army at Cold Harbor, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 9th corps. In the 1st brigade, same division and corps, it took an active part in the first assaults on Petersburg in June, losing 11 killed, 70 wounded and 10 missing. On the failure of the assaults the regiment went into the intrenchments occupied by the 9th corps, on a part of the line very near to the enemy's works, where the men were exposed to an almost incessant fire during the long siege, resulting in a daily loss of men. The casualties of the regiment from this source during the siege amounted to 62 killed, wounded and missing. Among the killed during the assault of June 17 was Major Sloan. The famous mine which was exploded on July 30, 1864, was dug within and in front of the line of the 9th corps and the 179th was hotly engaged during the assault which followed the explosion. Its loss here was 56 killed, wounded and missing, among the mortally wounded being the gallant Mai. Barton. The regiment was again in action at the battle of the Weldon railroad, where it sustained some casualties. Both the regiment and the division were now much reduced in numbers by their severe losses, and a reorganization of the corps took place which placed the 179th in the 2nd brigade of Potter's division, with which it was warmly engaged at Poplar Spring Church in September, losing 58 killed, wounded and missing. The regiment next took part in the action at Hatcher's run, and it rendered excellent service during the critical attack of Fort Stedman, March 25, 1865. It then entered on the final campaign and took a prominent part in the storming of Petersburg, April 2. 1865, losing 60 killed, wounded and missing, including Lieutenant-Colonel Doty, mortally wounded. This was the last battle in which it was engaged, and on June 8, 1865, under Colonel Gregg, it was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia. The regiment lost during its term of service, 7 officers and 66 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 118 enlisted men from disease and other causes; a total of 191, of whom 25 died as prisoners.
One Hundred and Eightieth Infantry.—This regiment failed to complete its organization and its number is accordingly vacant. The men enlisted by Colonel Lewis T. Barney were transferred to the 179th N. Y. (q. v.) as Co. G, and joined that regiment on February 21, 1865.
One Hundred and Eighty-first Infantry.—Colonel John H. Coster was given authority on March 24, 1864, to recruit this regiment, but no men were recruited and its number is accordingly vacant.
One Hundred and Eighty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Matthew Murphy, John Coonan; Lieutenant-Colonels, Thomas M. Reid, William Butler, John Coonan, Robert Heggart; Majors, Theodore Kelly, William Butler, Dennis L. Sullivan, Robert Heggart, Michael McGuire. The 182nd, the 69th National Guard artillery, was one of the famous brigade of Irish regiments known as the Corcoran Legion, and was organized as the first regiment of the Corcoran brigade, in New York city late in the summer of 1862. Its nucleus was the old 69th regiment National Guard, just returned from three months' service in the defenses of Washington. It left the state on November 10, 1862, for Newport News, Virginia, where its organization was completed by adding to it the men enlisted for the 6th regiment of the Corcoran Legion, except those of Co. D, and as thus reorganized was mustered into the U. S. service on November 17, 1862, for three years. The companies were recruited in New York city and the regiment was designated the 182nd volunteer infantry by the war department. On January 29, 1863, with the rest of the brigade, commanded by Colonel Murphy, General Corcoran commanding the division, it started on the Blackwater expedition and participated in its first fight at the affair of the Deserted House the following day, meeting with a loss of 17 killed, wounded and missing. After a few weeks' service on the Peninsula it went to Suffolk and was actively engaged in the defense of that place in the spring of 1863. It was next engaged in the skirmish at Carrsville, and remained on duty in that vicinity until July, when the Legion (General Corcoran commanding) was ordered to Washington, where it performed garrison and outpost duty until May, 1864. It was then ordered to join the Army of the Potomac and was placed in the 2nd division (Gibbon's), 2nd corps, the Legion, under command of Colonel Murphy, arriving just in time to share in the closing battles around Spottsylvania, where the loss was 30 killed, wounded and missing. It suffered severely at the North Anna river, where it encountered a severe fire, losing 40 killed, wounded and missing—one of the heaviest casualty lists incurred by any regiment in that fight. The regiment was actively engaged in the second assault at Cold Harbor, where it again lost heavily, its casualties amounting to 89 killed, wounded and missing. Captains Edward K. Butler and John H. Nugent were both killed in that assault. Crossing the James river, the 182nd took part in various battles around Petersburg, including the first assaults in June, and at the Weldon railroad. Its casualty list once more tells the story of frightful sacrifice, aggregating 19 killed, 75 wounded and 10 missing, a total of 104. Major Butler fell mortally wounded during the assault of June 16. From June 26 to the close of the war the Legion, together with the 8th N. Y. heavy artillery, formed the 2nd brigade of the 2nd division, 2nd corps. A list of its engagements during this period includes Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station, Boydton plank road, Hatcher's run, the assault on the Petersburg _ works, March 25, 1865, and in the Appomattox campaign, White Oak ridge, and Farmville. The regiment sustained a loss of 58 killed, wounded and missing at the battle of Reams' Station, where Captain Francis Welpley and 2nd Lieutenant Daniel Sweeney were both killed. Colonel Murphy was mortally wounded during the engagement at Hatcher's run, February 5, 1865, and Colonel John Coonan succeeded to the command of the regiment. Under him, the 182nd was mustered out near Washington, D. C., July 15, 1865. It lost by death during service 8 officers and 79 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 53 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 140.
One Hundred and Eighty-third Infantry.—This regiment failed to complete its organization and its number is accordingly vacant. The men enlisted in the counties of Cattaraugus and Chautauqua, 100 in number, were transferred to the 188th N. Y. (q. v.) as Co. A.
One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Wardwell G. Robinson; Lieutenant-Colonel, William P. McKinley; Major, William D. Ferguson. The 184th was recruited in the county of Oswego, the companies rendezvoused at Oswego, and the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira on September 12-16, 1864, for one year. When it was mustered out a few three years men with the organization were transferred to the 96th N. Y. on June 27, 1865. Cos. A, B, D and F, under Major W. D. Ferguson, left the state on September 12, 1864, and joined the Army of the Shenandoah as part of the 1st brigade, Ricketts' division, 6th corps, with which they participated in Sheridan's campaign in the valley. They fought gallantly at the battle of Cedar creek, losing 45 killed and wounded. First Lieutenant Augustus Phillips, the only commissioned officer lost by the regiment, was killed in this action. The remaining companies under Colonel Robinson, left the state on September 16, 1864, and were stationed at Bermuda Hundred. In Dec, 1864, the regiment was assigned to the separate brigade, Army of the James, and stationed at Harrison's landing, with the exception of Co. I, which was at Fort Pocahontas. Under the command of Colonel Robinson, it was mustered out at City Point, Virginia, June 29, 1865. It lost by death during its short term of service 1 officer and 10 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 27 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 38.
One Hundred and Eighty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Edwin S. Jenny, Gustavus Sniper; Lieutenant-Colonels, Gustavus Sniper, Theodore M. Barber; Majors, John Leo, Robert P. Bush. The 185th, known as the 6th Onondaga county regiment, the Onondaga and Cortland regiment, and the Otsego regiment, was recruited in the counties of Onondaga and Cortland and organized at Syracuse on August 26, 1864. Shortly before that date a public meeting had been held at the city hall at Syracuse and a committee of leading citizens formed for the purpose of organizing the regiment. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Syracuse for one year—Cos. A, B, C, D, E, G, H and I on September 19; Co. F on September 25, and Co. K on September 21. When the regiment was mustered out the few three years men in the organization were transferred to the 5th veteran infantry. The regiment left the state on September 27. 1864, and at once proceeded to the front, joining Grant's army before Petersburg. On its arrival. October 1, it was assigned to the 1st brigade, Griffin's division, 5th corps, with which it took part in its first battle at Burgess farm and sustained a few casualties. In December it participated in the Hicksford raid, during which it lost 6 men captured. It was in the second battle of Hatcher's run in February, 1865, losing 16 men killed, wounded and missing; was present without loss at Watkins' house in March; then moved with the corps on the final Appomattox campaign, fighting at Quaker road, Gravelly run, Five Forks and Appomattox. In the battle at the Quaker road, Colonel Sniper led the regiment in a brilliant and successful charge, personally holding aloft the colors after 3 color-bearers had fallen and the conduct of both officers and men throughout the engagement was worthy of the highest commendation, though the loss of the regiment was severe, amounting to 203 killed and wounded, the brave Lieuts. E. F. Bauder and Daniel Miller both being killed. A pathetic incident was the killing of Lieutenant Hiram Clark in the final skirmish at Appomattox, on the day of Lee's surrender. The regiment was honorably discharged and mustered out near Washington, D. C., May 30, 1865, under Colonel Sniper. It lost by death during its term of service 3 officers and 59 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 33 enlisted men died of disease and other causes, a total of 98. Despite the fact that the regiment's period of service was comparatively short it was able to establish a highly honorable record. It left for the seat of war with 923 officers and men and returned home with 22 officers and 544 enlisted men.
One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Bradley Winslow; Lieutenant-Colonel, E. J. Marsh; Major, Abram D. Sternberg. This regiment was principally recruited in the counties of Jefferson and Lewis and was organized at Sacket's Harbor, where it was mustered into the U. S. service September 5-29, 1864, for one year. Co. G was mustered in for one and three years at Hart's island on Sept . 28, and on the same day the regiment left the state for the front, being assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps. With this command it was engaged at Hatcher's run in October, 1864; Fort Stedman in March, 1865; took a prominent part in the storming of Petersburg, April 2, 1865, when it was among the first to enter the enemy's works; and was highly complimented by its brigade and division commanders for its gallant charge on Fort Mahone, where Colonel Winslow was wounded while leading a charge. Its loss here amounted to 180 killed, wounded and missing. Commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Marsh, it was mustered out on June 2, 1865, at Alexandria, Virginia. The regiment lost by death during its term of service 45 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 39 enlisted men died of wounds and other causes, a total of 88.
One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Infantry.—Lieutenant-Colonel, Daniel Myers; Major, Conrad Seeber. This regiment was recruited in the counties of Erie, Chautauqua and Cattaraugus and was organized at Buffalo. Only 9 companies were recruited, of which Cos. A, C, D, E, G and I were mustered into the U. S. service on October 8-13, 1864, for one year; Co. B joined the regiment February 14, 1865; F in May, 1865, and H in November, 1864. A large number of the men were from the 65thNational Guard of the state. As a battalion of only six companies, the regiment left the state on October 15, 1864, and joined Grant's army before Petersburg. On its arrival it was assigned to Gregory's brigade, Griffin's division, 5th corps, and took an honorable part in the battle at Hatcher's run, where its loss was 77 killed, wounded and missing. In December it took part in the Hicksford raid and was again engaged at Hatcher's run in February, 1865, with a loss of 8 wounded and missing. In the final Appomattox campaign, it fought at White Oak ridge, Five Forks, the fall of Petersburg and Appomattox, having 5 men wounded during the campaign. Under Colonel Myers, the regiment was honorably discharged and mustered out at Washington, D. C., July 1, 1865, having lost by death during its term of service 15 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 32 enlisted men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 47.
One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, John E. McMahon; Lieutenant-Colonel, Isaac Doolittle; Major, Christopher C. Davis. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates and Steuben, rendezvoused at Rochester, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for one year on October 4-22, 1864, except Co. A, which was mustered in at Elmira on September 24. Co. K did not join the regiment until some time in November. Under Major Davis it left the state on October 13, and at once joined the army under Grant before Petersburg. On its arrival at the front it was placed in Gregory's brigade of Griffin's division, 5th corps, and was actively engaged with this command in the first of the battles at Hatcher's run, losing 7 killed, 46 wounded and 1 missing. In December it participated in the raid to Hicksford, Virginia, and in February, 1865, it was again engaged at Hatcher's run with a loss of 10 killed, 21 wounded and 3 missing. During the Appomattox campaign the regiment fought with its corps at White Oak ridge, Gravelly run and Five Forks, when its casualties aggregated 45 killed and wounded. It was also active in the final assault on Petersburg and was present on the 9th at Appomattox, when Lee surrendered. Under Colonel McMahon, it was mustered out at Washington, D. C., July 1, 1865. During its brief term of active service the regiment lost by death 1 officer and 36 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 53 enlisted men died from disease and other causes; total deaths, 90.
One Hundred and Eighty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, William W. Hayt, Allen L. Burr; Lieutenant-Colonels, Allen L. Burr, Joseph G. Townsend; Majors, Joseph G. Townsend, William H. Withey. This regiment, recruited in the counties of Allegany, Steuben, Madison. Oneida and Oswego, was organized at Elmira and there mustered into the U. S. service during August and September, 1864, for one year, four of the companies, A, C, G and H, were originally recruited for the 175th N. Y. infantry. When the regiment reached the front, Co. K was transferred to the 15th N. Y. engineers, and was replaced by a new company in Dec, 1864. The regiment left the state by detachments on September 18 and October 23, 1864, and joined the 5th corps before Petersburg, just after the first battle of Hatcher's run. It was placed in Gregory's brigade of Griffin's division; took part in the raid to Hicksford, actively engaged in the second battle at Hatcher's run, where Colonel Burr commanded the brigade and Lieutenant-Colonel Townsend the regiment, its losses being 2 killed and 13 wounded. During the battles of the final campaign, the regiment was active at White Oak ridge and Five Forks, in which actions its casualties amounted to 22 killed and wounded. It was also present at the fall of Petersburg and at Appomattox on the occasion of Lee's surrender. Colonel Burr was unfortunately sick during this campaign, and the regiment was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Townsend. The only commissioned officer killed was Captain Rice, who fell before Petersburg on January n, 1865. The regiment was honorably discharged and mustered out on June 1, 1865, at Washington, under command of Colonel Burr. It lost by death during its term of service 1 officer and 8 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 70 enlisted men from disease and other causes, a total of 80.
One Hundred and Ninetieth Infantry.—The organization of this regiment was commenced in New York city in February, 1865. Only one complete company—A, Captain Christian S. Peterson—and part of a second company were recruited, when they were mustered out and discharged on May 3 and 4, 1865. One enlisted man had died of disease.
One Hundred and Ninety-first Infantry.—The organization of this regiment was commenced at Hart's island, N. Y., in February, 1865. Two companies only were recruited in New York and Richmond counties, A, Captain Henry Arens. and B, Captain Julius B. Brose. These were mustered into the U. S. service at Hart's island on March 30 and April 28, 1865, for one, two and three years, and were there mustered out and discharged the service May 3, 1865.
One Hundred and Ninety-second Infantry.—Colonel, Nathan G. Axtell; Lieutenant-Colonel, Barent Van Buren; Major, Solyman G. Hamlin. This regiment was recruited during the last year of the war in the counties of Albany, Renssellaer, Clinton, Schenectady, Oneida and Ulster. It was organized at Albany and there mustered into the U. S. service from March 13 to April 8, 1865, for one, two and three years. Colonel Nathan G. Axtell was formerly the famous "fighting chaplain" of the 30th New York. The regiment left the state in detachments during March and April. 1865, and served until its discharge in the 3d brigade, 3d division, Army of the Shenandoah. The war had practically closed when the 192nd took the field and it was not given the opportunity to participate in any engagements. Under Lieutenant-Colonel Van Buren, it was mustered out and discharged on August 28, 1865, at Cumberland, Maryland. During its term of service the regiment lost from disease and other causes, 26 enlisted men.
One Hundred and Ninety-third Infantry.—Colonel. John B. Van Petten; Lieutenant-Colonel, John C. Gilmore; Major, Alfred Morton. This regiment was recruited near the end of the war in the counties of Cayuga, Oswego, Onondaga, Oneida, Jefferson. St. Lawrence and Franklin. It was organized at Auburn and the companies were mustered into the U. S. service between March 6 and April 9, 1865, for one, two and three years. Colonel Van Petten had previously rendered excellent service as lieutenant-colonel of the 160th N. Y., and was subsequently brevetted brigadier-general for gallant and meritorious conduct. The regiment left the state by detachments during March and April. 1865, and was first assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, Army of the Shenandoah, but after July it served in the District of West Virginia, Middle Department. It was finally mustered out and discharged at Harper's Ferry, under Colonel Van Petten. Twenty-five men died from disease and other causes during its term of service.
One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Joseph W. Corning; Lieutenant-Colonel, Lorenzo J. Jones; Major, Lafayette Mumford. This was the last New York regiment organized for the war. quite a number of independent companies then in process of organization being incorporated into the regiment. Most of the men were recruited in the counties of Chemung, Yates, Allegany, Seneca, Ontario, Onondaga, Cattaraugus and Niagara and the regiment was organized at Elmira, where Cos. A. B, C, D, E and F were mustered into the U. S. service from March 29 to April 27, 1865, for one and three years; Co. G, at Hart's island on April 27; Co. I was not mustered in as a company and K was not organized. Without leaving the state, the companies were mustered out where they were mustered in, May 3 and 10, 1865. Seven enlisted men died from disease during the period it was in service.
Independent Corps Light Infantry ("Enfans Perdus").—Lieutenant Colonels, Felix Comfort, Simon Levy; Majors, John Carter Brown, Michael Schmidt. This regiment was recruited and organized in New York city during the winter 1861-62. Six companies, A to F, were mustered into the U S. service on April 18, 1862, for three years. In August, 1862. another company, and in March, 1863, two more companies, joined it in the field. On January 30, 1864, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Levy, the regiment was consolidated with the 1st N. Y. engineers, and the 47th and 48th N. Y. infantry, being discontinued as a separate organization. The regiment, consisting of six companies, left the state on April 18, 1862, and served on the Peninsula at Gloucester and Yorktown until the end of the year. Assigned to the 1st brigade of Peck's division, 4th corps, it was ordered to North Carolina in Dec, 1862, where it became a part of Naglee's brigade, 1st division, 18th corps, and was later placed in Davis' brigade, Naglee's division, same corps. With this command, early in 1863, it was ordered to Beaufort, S. C., and then to Charleston harbor, becoming a part of the 10th corps. During the summer and fall of 1863 it participated in the various operations about Charleston harbor, being stationed at St. Helena on Morris island, and on Folly island. It took part in the engagements on Morris island in July, siege of Fort Wagner, bombardment of Fort Sumter, and Olustee, Florida. During its term of service as a separate organization, the regiment lost by death 7 enlisted men killed in action, 2 enlisted men of wounds received in action, 52 enlisted men from disease and other causes, a total of 61.
First Cavalry.—Colonels, Andrew T. McReynolds, Alonzo W. Adams; Lieutenant-Colonels, Frederick Van Schickfass, Alonzo W. Adams, Jenyns C. Battersby; Majors, Charles H. Agle, Timothy Quinn, Franklin G. Martindale, Alonzo W. Adams, William H. Boyd, Joseph K. Stearns, Franz Passager, August Haurand, Daniel H. Haskins, Jenyns C. Battersby, Ezra H. Bailey. This regiment, known as the Lincoln cavalry, was organized in New York city soon after the outbreak of the war and was mustered into the U. S. service from July 16 to August 31, 1861, for a term of three years. The commission for the regiment was originally given to Colonel Carl Schurz, who was soon thereafter appointed minister to Spain. The companies organized by him were thereupon turned over to his successor, Colonel Andrew T. McReynolds, of Grand Rapids, Mich., who had held a captain's commission in the regular army. Nine of the companies, A, B, D, E, G, H, I, L and M, were from New York city, nearly one half the recruits being Germans, Hungarians and Poles. Co. C was recruited at Philadelphia, F at Syracuse, and K, a Michigan company, at Grand Rapids, Mich. The regiment, about 1,400 strong, left the state by detachments between July 21, 1861, and September 10, 1861. During its four years of service the 1st cavalry was stationed near Washington to October 4, 1861; then in Franklin's and Heintzelman's divisions to March 24, 1862; in 1st division, 1st corps, Army of the Potomac, to May, 1862; with the 6th corps, to July 8, 1862; in 1st cavalry brigade, to September; in 4th brigade, cavalry division, until October; in Averell's cavalry division, 8th corps about a month; with the forces for the defense of the Upper Potomac in various commands to June, 1863; then in the Department of the Susquehanna, until August; in the Department of West Virginia, in different commands to October, 1864; in the Army of the Shenandoah till March, 1865, and with the Army of the Potomac for the rest of its term. At the expiration of its original term of service those entitled thereto were mustered out and returned home, the remainder of the regiment, composed of recruits with unexpired terms and veterans who had reenlisted, remaining in the field under the command of Colonel Adams. It participated in the final campaign in 1865 up to the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox and was finally mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, June 27, 1865. The regiment had served in many of the greatest battles of the war, and under such cavalry commanders as Stoneman, Pleasonton. Sheridan, Kilpatrick, Crook and Averell, had repeatedly distinguished itself. From its first engagement at Pohick Church, Virginia, in August, 1861, to the surrender at Appomattox, all, or part of the regiment, participated in nearly 230 battles and skirmishes. Some of the heaviest casualties of the regiment were incurred at Strasburg, Virginia, where it lost 17 killed, wounded and missing; at Winchester, where it lost 63 killed, wounded and missing; at New Market, where its loss was 99 killed, wounded and missing; and at Piedmont, where it lost 26 killed, wounded and missing. Among the many noteworthy services of the regiment, were the recapture by 100 men of the command, assisted by an equal number of the 12th Pennsylvania, at Greencastle, July 5, 1863, of 700 prisoners, two 12-pounder howitzers and 108 wagons, taken by Lee in the Gettysburg campaign; the brilliant charge, led by Colonel Adams, on the enemy under Major-General Lomax, at the battle of Nineveh in November, 1864, capturing many guns and battleflags, and some 20o prisoners; the charge of the regiment at Cacapon bridge, in October, 1862, under the command of Captain William H. Boyd of Co. C. breaking Imboden's cavalry; the splendid charges at Piedmont and Lynchburg, in 1864. led by the gallant Major Quinn; the magnificent charges at Mt. Crawford and Waynesboro, Virginia, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Battersby, which drove and dispersed the entire command of General Early. At the engagement of Rude's hill, Colonel Adams was complimented on the field by General Powell for coolness and daring and for the discipline of the regiment when under fire. It is the boast of this regiment that it captured more prisoners (over 400) and property than any other cavalry regiment in the service. During its entire period of service the 1st cavalry lost 5 officers and 41 enlisted men killed and died of wounds; 1 officer and 119 enlisted men died of disease, accident, in prison, etc., a total of 166.
Second Cavalry.—Colonels, J. Mansfield Davies, Judson Kilpatrick, Henry E. Davies, Jr., Otto Harhaus, Walter C. Hull, Alanson M. Randol; Lieutenant-Colonels, Judson Kilpatrick. Henry E. Davies, Jr., Otto Harhaus, Edwin M. Cook, Mortimer B. Birdseye; Majors, Henry E. Davies, Jr., Edwin F. Cook, Henry Grinton, Alfred N. Duffie, William H. Mallory, John E. Naylor, Walter Clark Hull, Otto Harhaus, Samuel Mclrwin, Mortimer B. Birdseye, Joseph O'Keefe, William R. Mattison, John F. L. V. Danesi. Enos B. Parsons. Andrew S. Glover, William B. Shafer. This regiment was organized at Scarsdale in the summer of 1861 by Colonel J. Mansfield Davies, under authority granted him by the war department on July 25. It was called the "Harris light cavalry," in honor of the Hon. Ira Harris, of Albany, then U. S. senator. It was mustered into the U. S. service from August 9 to October 8, 1861, for three years, being designated the 7th regiment of cavalry in the service of the United States, but when it was turned over to the state it was numbered the 2nd N. Y. volunteer cavalry. The 2nd was finely officered and became one of the most famous of the New York cavalry regiments. It was one of the three hundred fighting regiments mentioned by Colonel Fox in his "Regimental Losses in the Civil War," and ranks eighth in the list of mounted regiments which lost the most men killed and fatally wounded in action during the war. Colonel Hull was killed at Cedar creek, and Major O'Keefe met his death during the final campaign in 1865. The several companies of the 2nd were recruited from New York city, Long island. Rensselaer and Washington counties, with two from Hartford, Conn., three Regiments from Indiana, and one (partly) from Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The eight companies raised in 1864, were recruited principally from Cortland and Onondaga counties and were enlisted for one year only. The term of service of the original members expired in September, 1864, and these were mustered out and returned home, except about 350 who remained in the field, composed of recruits and reenlisted veterans. They were consolidated into a battalion of four companies, A, B, C and D, and the eight companies raised in 1864 were united with the battalion, raising it again to a full regiment. The regiment left the state in September and October, 1861, and originally served with McDowell's division, Army of the Potomac. While on Pope's campaign in August, 1862. the 2nd lost 11 killed, 19 wounded and 45 captured or missing, a total of 83. It again suffered heavily in June, 1863, while serving with the 2nd brigade, 2nd cavalry division (Gregg's), Army of the Potomac at Beverly ford, where its casualties were 39 killed, wounded and missing. In the cavalry action at Aldie, Virginia, the same month, it lost 50 in killed, wounded and missing; at Liberty mills in September, its casualties were 87 killed, wounded and missing, and at Buckland mills, in October it met with a loss of 59 killed, wounded and missing. As a part of Wilson's division, afterwards Custer's, it saw much hard service in 1863-64; it participated in Kilpatrick's daring raid in March, 1864, within the defenses of Richmond, when the regiment approached within a mile and a half of the city. Major Cook was captured at this time and put in irons. The regiment again lost heavily during Wilson's raid to the South Side and Danville railroads in June, 1864, when its casualties amounted to 47 killed, wounded and missing. The 2nd served with the cavalry in the Army of the Shenandoah from October, 1864, to March, 1865, and with the Army of the Potomac during the final campaign up to the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. The regiment was mustered out June 23, 1865, at Alexandria, Virginia. Three of its six colonels rose to high rank for conspicuous gallantry. Colonel Kilpatrick became a bvt. major-general; Colonel Henry E. Davies, Jr., rose to be a major-general, and Colonel Randol was appointed bvt. brigadier-general. Six members of the regiment were awarded medals of honor by Congress, viz.: Lieutenant James H. Gribben, Sergt. Ivers S. Calkins, Corps. Irvin C. Payne and John F. Benjamin, and Pvts. William I. Brewer and Frank Miller. The total enrollment of the regiment was 2,528, of whom 9 officers and 112 men were killed and died of wounds; 2 officers and 234 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc.; 20 officers and 226 were wounded and recovered; and 14 officers and 545 men were reported missing. The regiment served almost entirely in Virginia and Maryland and took part in about 175 battles and skirmishes. It was a credit to the state which sent it forth, and few regiments in the service displayed more conspicuous gallantry and efficiency.
Third Cavalry.—Colonels, James H. Van Alen, Simon H. Mix, George W. Lewis; Lieutenant-Colonels, Simon H. Mix, John Mix, George W. Lewis, Ferris Jacobs, Jr., Samuel C. Pierce; Majors, John Mix, Charles Fitz Simmons, Ferris Jacobs. Jr., Alonzo Stearns. Israel H. Putnam, George W. Lewis, George W. Cole, John M. Wilson, Jeptha Garrard, Newton Hall, John Ebbs. The regiment was named in honor of its first colonel, James H. Van Alen, who received authority from the war department on July 26, 1861, to recruit a regiment of cavalry. As fast as organized the several companies left the state and proceeded to Meridian hill, Washington, where the regiment was organized early in September, Colonel Van Alen assuming command on the 9th. Cos. A, C and H were recruited at Rochester; B at Syracuse; D at Schoharie, Schenevus, Schaghticoke, Albany, Cobleskill, Gallupville and Unadilla; E at Delhi, Deposit, Elmira, Margaretville, Middletown and Walton; F at Medina, Newstead and Newfane; G at Utica, Leyden, Boonville, Lowville and Watson; I at Syracuse and North Hamburg; K at Elmira, Brockport and Rochester; L at Cincinnati and Xenia, Ohio. The original Co. M was a New Jersey company, which was transferred in April, 1862. to the 1st N. J. cavalry and a new company M was raised at Rochester and Brockport in September, 1862, to take its place. The different companies were mustered into the U. S. service at various periods from May 14 to September 13, 1861, at Syracuse, Albany, Elmira, Boonville and Cincinnati, Ohio, for three years. Before the expiration of its term of service in 1864, many of the original members reenlisted and with the recruits continued in the service. The regiment served in Banks' and Stone's divisions, Army of the Potomac, until April, 1862, when it was ordered South and served in the Department of North Carolina and the 18th corps during the remainder of 1862 and all of 1863. In April, 1864, it was assigned to the 1st brigade, Kautz's cavalry division, Army of the James, and saw much hard service with that organization during the remainder of the war. In the operations against Petersburg in May, 1864, the 3d lost a total of 37 killed, wounded and missing; in the raid to the South Side and Danville railroads in June it met with a loss of 105 killed, wounded and missing; and in the action on the Darbytown road in October its loss amounted to 52. When Colonel Van Alen resigned in April, 1862, he was succeeded by Colonel Simon H. Mix, who developed into one of the most intrepid and efficient cavalry leaders in the service. He commanded the regiment with distinguished credit until June 15, 1864, when he fell in action before Petersburg and Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Lewis succeeded to the colonelcy. In July, 1865, while stationed at Norfolk, Virginia, the regiment was reduced by consolidation to five companies, A, B, C, F and L. and on July 21 it was united with the 1st mounted rifles to form the 4th provisional regiment volunteer cavalry (q. v.). During its entire term of service the 3d took part in about 122 engagements, besides many minor affairs. The regiment lost 3 officers and 48 men killed in action and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 155 men died of disease, accidents, etc.; total deaths, 207. of whom 38 men died as prisoners. Five officers and 170 men are recorded as missing.
Fourth Cavalry.—Colonels, Christian F. Dickel, Louis P. Di Cesnola; Lieutenant-Colonels, Ferrier Nazer, Augustus Pruyn, William R. Parnell; Majors, Baron Anton Von Pueehelstein, August Haurand, Augustus Pruyn, William R. Parnell, Edward Schwartz. This regiment, known also as the 1st German cavalry, Dickel's Mounted Rifles and the Lincoln Greens, was organized in New York city, and was mustered into the U. S. service from August 10 to November 15, 1861, for three years. Co. K was mustered in on November 15, 1862; Co. L in Dec, 1862; and Co. M February 13, 1863. The regiment was recruited principally at New York city and Brooklyn, with one company from Cleveland, Ohio, and one from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A considerable number of the original members reenlisted for three years in the winter of 1863-64, those whose terms had expired being discharged. The veterans and recruits were organized as a battalion of four companies, F, K, L and M, and continued in the service. March 29, 1865, the battalion, commanded by Major Schwartz, was transferred to the 9th cavalry as Cos. B, E and L. The regiment, consisting of only eight companies and numbering about 700 men, left the state on August 29, 1861, and was assigned to Blenker's division. During 1862 it was repeatedly engaged with the enemy, serving with the 5th corps, in the Mountain Department, in the cavalry brigade of the 1st corps, Army of Virginia, and in the cavalry brigade. 1st division, nth corps, Army of the Potomac. It was active at Harrisonburg, Cross Keys, Port Republic, New Market, in Pope's Virginia campaign, fighting at the Rapidan river, Waterloo bridge, Bristoe Station, Salem and White Plains, Groveton, Bull Run, Centerville, Ashby's gap, Berryville, Snicker's gap, Charlestown and Kellysville. The regiment opened the battle of Cross Keys, successfully resisting several charges by the enemy, saving Schirmer's battery from capture, and killing the Confederate General Ashby. Together with the 2nd Michigan cavalry, it made the only cavalry charge during the second battle of Bull Run, checked the enemy's advance, and saved many from capture. Colonel Dickel resigned on September 10, 1862, and Colonel Di Cesnola received his commission the next day. During 1863 it served in the 1st and 2nd brigades, 2nd cavalry division, in the 1st brigade, 3d cavalry division, and in the 2nd brigade. 1st cavalry division, Army of the Potomac. It was heavily engaged during this period at Aldie, Upperville, Culpeper Court House and Raccoon ford, and participated in many other important battles during the year. It joined in the pursuit of Lee's army after the battle of Gettysburg, and shared in the subsequent campaigns in Virginia, ending with the fruitless Mine Run campaign. In 1864 it served with the Army of the Potomac, detached from the cavalry corps at the beginning of Grant's campaign in the spring, but rejoined the corps towards the end of May. In October, 1864, it became a part of the Army of the Shenandoah. During the year it took part in all the engagements of the Wilderness campaign; participated in General Sheridan's Trevilian raid, meeting with a loss of 48 killed, wounded and missing at Trevilian Station; was active in the operations before Petersburg; sustained a loss of 25 in killed, wounded and missing at Front Royal; and in Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley in the autumn, was active at the Opequan, Fisher's hill and many other important battles. Altogether, the regiment took part in nearly 150 battles and skirmishes and was frequently praised by its commanding generals. After one of the brilliant charges of the regiment at Aldie, General Kilpatrick took off his saber and presented it to the intrepid Colonel Di Cesnola. In a third charge Di Cesnola's horse was shot from under him and he was captured. For gallantry displayed in the capture of the colors of the 3d Virginia, at Front Royal, Sergt. Harry J. Mandy and Pvt. Frank Leslie were awarded medals of honor by Congress. While in service the 4th lost 5 officers and 52 enlisted men killed in action and died of wounds; 3 officers and 54 men died of disease, accident and all other causes; a total loss by death of 8 officers and 106 men, 14 of whom died in prison. The portion of the regiment still in service at the close of the war were mustered out as part of the 9th cav., at Cloud's mills, Virginia, July 17, 1865. (See 9th N. Y. Cav.)
Fifth Cavalry.—Colonels, Othneil De Forest, John Hammond, Amos H. White; Lieutenant-Colonels, Robert Johnstone, John Hammond, William P. Bacon. Amos H. White, Theodore A. Boice; Majors, Philip G. Vaught, Washington Wheeler, John Hammond, Abram H. Krom, Elmer J. Barker, James Davidson, William P. Pratt, Amos H. White, Theodore A. Boice, George H. Gardner, William P. Bacon, James A. Penfield, Tiberly C. Abbott, Henry A. D. Merritt. Authority to recruit this regiment was received by Colonel De Forest from the war department on July 26, 1861. The regiment, originally known as the "Ira Harris cavalry," rendezvoused at Camp Scott, Staten island, where it was mustered into the U. S. service from August 15 to Oct 31, 1861. The companies of which it was composed were principally recruited in the counties of New York, Kings, Allegany, Cattaraugus, Wyoming, Tioga, Essex and Greene. A part of Co. D came from Springfield, Mass., and part of Co. I from Princeton, Passaic and Plainfield, N. J. The original members were mustered out by detachments in 1864 and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, continued in service until July 19, 1865, when it was mustered out and honorably discharged at Winchester, Virginia. The regiment left the state, nearly 1,20o strong. November 18, 1861, and was stationed at Annapolis until the spring of 1862. That year it served in the 5th corps, Department of the Shenandoah; in the 2nd corps, Army of Virginia; and in Stahel's division in the defenses of Washington. It started on its first campaign down the Shenandoah Valley in April, 1862, and at Front Royal, Strasburg and Middletown, sustained a loss of 75 killed, wounded and missing. As General Banks fell back before General Jackson, the regiment was cut off at Strasburg, but saved Banks' wagon train and Hampton's battery, and escorted them in safety by a circuitous route through the mountains into Maryland. It lost 24 men at Barnett's ford, and 23 in an action near Orange Court House. In the latter engagement it distinguished itself by driving the 7th Virginia cavalry and capturing 47 prisoners, including the commanding officer, Major Marshall. It took an active part in General Pope's campaign, being selected as body-guard to that general. In 1863 the regiment served in the 3d brigade, 3d division, 22nd corps at Washington; in the 1st and 2nd brigades, 3d cavalry division, Army of the Potomac; and was repeatedly in action during the year, its heaviest losses being sustained at Little River turnpike, loss 42; at Hanover, Pennsylvania, loss 54; at Hagerstown, loss 91; at Brandy Station, loss 25; and in a second action there, loss 28; at Buckland mills, loss 22. It then served with the cavalry corps, Army of the Potomac, until October, 1864; in the Army of the Shenandoah until the opening of the final campaign in 1865; and in the Department of West Virginia from March. 1865. It participated in Kilpatrick's raid to Richmond in the spring of 1864, sustaining considerable loss, Major Merritt, being among the captured. It was heavily engaged at the battle of the Wilderness, where it opened the fight at Parker's store, and met with a loss of 63 killed, wounded and missing. Its losses at Spottsylvania Court House were 16; at North Anna 25; at Cold Harbor 43; in the raid to the South Side and Danville railroads in June 98; at Smithfield 19; and at the Opequan 17. The regiment returned home under command of Colonel White, with only about 550 men out of a total enrollment of nearly 2,500. It had participated in nearly 17s battles and skirmishes and established a well-earned reputation for gallantry and high soldierly conduct. Its total losses by death were 5 officers and 62 men killed in action; 2 officers and 24 men died of wounds received in action; 4 officers and 222 men died of disease, accident and other causes; a total of n officers and 308 men, of whom 99 died in Confederate prisons, a larger loss from this source than was sustained by any other cavalry regiment from the state. Medals of honor were conferred upon three of the regiment by the secretary of war for distinguished gallantry in action, viz.: Sergt. Thomas Burke, for capture of a battle flag at Hanover, Pennsylvania; Sergt. David S. Scofield, for the capture of a flag at Cedar creek, Virginia; and on Corp. John Walsh, for the capture of a flag at the same engagement.
Sixth Cavalry.—Colonels, Thomas C. Devin, Charles L. Fitzhugh; Lieutenant-Colonels, Duncan McVicar, William H. Crocker, William P. Hall, Harrison White; Majors, James P. Dailey, William H. Crocker, George M. Van Buren, John Carwardine, William E. Beardsley, Harrison White, George W. Goler, Floyd Clarkson, William P. Hall, George E. Farmer. This regiment was organized at New York city in the fall of 1861 as the 2nd Ira Harris Guard. The companies of which it was composed were recruited from the counties of New York, Dutchess, Columbia, Rensselaer, Washington, Jefferson, St. Lawrence, Allegany, Broome, Monroe and Steuben, and were mustered into the U. S. service from September 12 to December 19, 1861, for three years. At the expiration of its term of service those entitled thereto were mustered out and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, remained in service. On June 17, 1865, commanded by Colonel Fitzhugh, it was consolidated into eight companies, which with the 15th N. Y. cavalry, united to form the 2nd Provisional regiment, N. Y. cavalry, being designated Cos. A, B, C, D, E, I, L and M of the new organization. The regiment left the state on December 23, 1861, commanded by Colonel Devin, proceeding first to York, Pennsylvania, where it passed the winter in barracks, dismounted. In the spring of 1862 it was mounted and the 3d battalion, composed of Cos. D, K, F and H, took part in the Peninsular campaign with the 2nd and 4th corps, rejoining the regiment in the summer of 1863. The 1st and 2nd battalions were employed during 1862 in guard and scouting duty, attached first to General Wadsworth's command, and afterward serving with the 9th corps, and Pleasonton's cavalry division, in the 2nd brigade. The regiment took an active part in the Maryland campaign, being the first regiment to enter Frederick City. It was active at South mountain and Antietam, the latter battle being opened by a squadron of the 6th. For a brilliant affair near Lovettsville, Virginia, in October, 1862, it received the thanks of General Burnside in a special order. In February, 1863, it was attached to the 2nd brigade, 1st cavalry division, Army of the Potomac, a detachment serving with the 22nd -corps in July and August, and in October, 1864, the regiment was ordered to the Army of the Shenandoah. At Spottsylvania Court House, the day before the opening of the battle of Chancellorsville, the regiment made a brilliant_ charge upon Fitz Hugh Lee's brigade, and sustained a loss of 51 in killed, wounded and missing, among the killed being its gallant commander, Lieutenant-Colonel McVicar. It was highly commended by General Pleasonton, who said: -"The heroism of the 6th N. Y. cavalry in cutting its way to our line through treble the force of the enemy's cavalry, created the greatest admiration." The regiment was active at Chancellorsville, losing 21 killed, wounded and missing, and saw much hard fighting from this time on. It took part in the Gettysburg campaign and in the subsequent operations in Virginia ending with the Mine Run campaign, though its losses were small for the amount of active duty performed, as Colonel Devin knew how to take his men into action and also how to bring them out. Early in 1864, it shared in Kilpatrick's raid to Richmond; was active at the Wilderness; in General Sheridan's raid to the James river; at Cold Harbor; Sheridan's Trevilian raid, where its losses aggregated 63 in killed, wounded and missing; at Deep Bottom, Berryville, Cedar creek, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, the second Cedar creek, Newtown, and numerous lesser engagements. In 1865, with the Army of the Potomac, it joined in the final campaign, being actively engaged at Dinwiddie Court House, Five Forks, the fall of Petersburg, Deep creek, Amelia Court House, Sailor's creek and Appomattox. At Five Forks, where the 6th was among the first to enter the enemy's works, it was presented with a flag by General Sheridan, emblazoned with the words "Five Forks." Both Colonels Devin and Fitzhugh were brevetted major-generals for gallant and meritorious conduct. The total loss of the 6th was 9 officers and J2 men, killed in action and died of wounds, 133 men died of disease, accident and all other causes, of whom 36 died as prisoners. There were 24 officers and 186 men wounded, including the mortally wounded; 12 officers and 197 men were reported missing; aggregate of casualties, 472. Medals of honor for gallant conduct in the capture of the colors were awarded to Thomas Kelly, private; Patrick H. McEnroe, sergeant; George E. Meach, farrier, and Thomas M. Wells, chief bugler. The regiment participated in over 150 battles and skirmishes and gained a splendid reputation for efficiency and discipline.
Seventh Cavalry.—This regiment was organized at Troy, N. Y., in the fall of 1861, for three years. It was known as the "Northern Black Horse Cavalry," and was designated by the state authorities as the 2nd cavalry, but by the war department as the 7th N. Y. volunteer cavalry and was so mustered out. Only eight companies were organized and these were mustered into the U. S. service for three years, November 6-8, 1861, at Salem, Sandy creek, Troy and Elmira. The regiment left the state for Washington on November 23, commanded by Colonel Andrew J. Morrison, and served through the winter in the vicinity of Washington. It was never mounted and was mustered out and discharged the service March 31, 1862. It lost during service 7 enlisted men. who died of disease. (The 1st regiment mounted rifles was frequently designated by the war department as the 7th N. Y. cavalry, but will be found under its correct designation.)
Eighth Cavalry.—Colonels, Samuel J. Crooks. Alfred Gibbs, Benjamin F. Davis, William L. Markell, William H. Benjamin, Edmund M. Pope: Lieutenant-Colonels, Charles R. Babbitt, William L. Markell, William H. Benjamin, Edmund M. Pope, James Bliss; Majors, Edmund M. Pope. William L. Markell, Caleb Moore. William Downey, William H. Benjamin. James McNair. James Bliss, Harmon P. Burroughs, Albert L. Ford, Hartwell B. Compson. The 8th, known as the Rochester regiment, was recruited by Colonel Crooks, and was organized in Rochester on November 14, 1861. It is one of the famous three hundred fighting regiments enumerated by Colonel Fox in his Regimental Losses in the Civil War. The members were principally recruited from the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Wayne, Orleans, Niagara, Chenango and Oneida. Only ten companies were organized in 1861, and these were mustered into the U. S. service at Rochester, November 23 and 28, 1861, for three years. The original Co. K was transferred to other organizations and a new Co. K was formed in 1862. as were the additional Cos., L and M, which were mustered into the U. S. service at Rochester from September 29 to October 14, for three years. The original members, who had not reenlisted, were ordered to return to Rochester on October 29, 1864, and were there mustered out and discharged. The veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion of eight companies on November 1, 1864, and remained in service. Four new companies, I, K, L and M, formed of recruits mustered in for one and two years' service, in April, 1865, at the close of the war, increased the organization to the regimental standard once more. It was finally mustered out and honorably discharged on June 27, 1865, at Alexandria, Virginia, under command of Colonel Pope. The regiment left the state, November 29, 1861; was assigned to Banks' corps upon its arrival in Washington; served through the winter in the defenses of the capital; in 1862 it was in the Department of the Shenandoah; the Middle Department with the 8th corps; and from August to December in the 5th brigade of Pleasonton's cavalry division, Army of the Potomac. In Dec, 1862, it was assigned to the 1st brigade, same division; in February, 1863, to the 1st brigade, 1st division; in March, 1864, to the 2nd brigade, 3d division; joined the Army of the Shenandoah in October, 1864. and returned to the Army of the Potomac in March, 1865. The regiment first came under fire at Winchester in May, 1862, where five dismounted companies were engaged. It distinguished itself during the siege of Harper's Ferry in September by escaping through the besieging lines at night, capturing some of the enemy's trains while on the way. It fought under Pleasonton in the famous cavalry battle of Beverly ford in June, 1863, where it sustained the heaviest loss of any regiment in the field—12 killed, 31 wounded and 7 missing. The gallant Colonel Davis was here killed in a personal encounter. At Gettysburg it fought in Gamble's brigade, Buford's division, which opened that historic battle. Its casualties at Gettysburg amounted to 40 killed, wounded and missing. In the subsequent campaigns in Virginia it saw constant hard service, its list of casualties in October, 1863, amounting to 48 killed, wounded and missing. In Sheridan's raids and the Shenandoah campaign in 1864, it served in Wilson's division. It was with Wilson in the raid on the Weldon railroad in June, 1864, in which its losses were 117. of whom 101 were reported missing. In the final Appomattox campaign it sustained a loss of 31 in killed, wounded and missing, fighting under General Custer. Altogether the 8th participated in over 130 battles and skirmishes and lost by death 13 officers and 92 men, killed in action and mortally wounded; 6 officers and 213 men died of disease, accident and other causes, a total of 19 officers and 305 men. of whom 3 officers and 70 men died in prison. Medals of honor were awarded for distinguished gallantry to Henry H. Bickford, corporal; Hartwell B. Compson, major; Charles A. Goheen, sergeant; William E. Hart, private; Daniel Kelly, sergeant; Andrew Kuder, 2nd lieutenant; John Miller, private; Robert Nevers, 2nd lieutenant; Mortimer A. Read, lieutenant; and Joseph E. Sova. saddler.
Ninth Cavalry.—Colonels. John Beardsley. William Sackett, George S. Nichols; Lieutenant-Colonels, William B. Hyde, William Sackett, George S. Nichols, Wilber G. Bentley, Timothy Hanley, Majors William Sackett, William B. Martin, Wilber G. Bentley, Timothy Hanley, Henry W. Mason. Charles McL. Knox, James R. Dinnin, Joseph M. Kennedy. William B. Hyde, George S. Nichols, Emery A. Anderson. A. McQuinn Corrigan, Conway W. Ayres, Edward Schwartz. Colonel Beardsley received authority from the state to recruit this regiment, which was organized at Albany to serve three years. The companies of which it was composed were recruited from the counties of Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, Wyoming, Rensselaer, Washington, St. Lawrence and Clinton during the summer and fall of 1861, and were mustered into the U. S. service between September 9 and December 13, 1861. Colonel Beardsley was a graduate of West Point, who had seen service in Florida and Mexico, and the officers generally were well qualified for their positions. At the expiration of its term of service, the original members, except veterans, were mustered out and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, continued in the service. On March 29, 1865, it was consolidated into nine companies, the battalion of the 4th N. Y. cav., having been transferred to this regiment as Cos. B, E and L. The regiment was finally mustered out and honorably discharged on July 17, 1865, at Cloud's mills, Virginia. The 9th left the state on November 26, 1861, for Washington, where it served during the ensuing winter. In March, 1862, four companies were detached for service with the reserve artillery, and the other eight companies did duty on the Peninsula as train-guard in the Army of the Potomac. Returning to Washington, the regiment was mounted in June, 1862, and assigned to the cavalry brigade, 1st corps, Army of Virginia, with which it participated in General Pope's campaign. It formed part of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac during the remainder of the year, being frequently in action, losing 26 at Thoroughfare gap in October and 7 at Aldie in November. It served through the Chancellorsville campaign in the 1st brigade, 1st cavalry division, Army of the Potomac, and through the Gettysburg compaign and the subsequent campaigns in Virginia, in the 2nd brfgade, same division. It was repeatedly in action in 1863, sustaining its heaviest losses at Beverly ford, Brandy Station, and the operations in the vicinity of Culpeper, gaining a well earned reputation for gallantry and efficiency. On the opening of the campaign against Petersburg in 1864, it was heavily engaged at the Wilderness and Spottsylvania and then took part in Sheridan's raid to the James river. Returning to the army it was active at Totopotomy and Cold Harbor and then shared in Sheridan's Trevilian raid, meeting with a loss of 50 killed, wounded and missing at Trevilian Station, which was one of the severest losses in that action. The regiment was next engaged before Petersburg in June, and in July and August was active at Deep Bottom, Berryville, Newtown, Cedar creek, Cedarville, Summit Point, Kearneysville, Smithfield, and many minor skirmishes. In the fall, as part of the Army of the Shenandoah, it fought at the Opequan, Fisher's hill, Winchester, Cedar creek, Middletown, etc., sharing in all the brilliant campaign whereby Sheridan swept the valley clear of the enemy. It shared in the final Appomattox campaign, in which it met with an additional loss of 13 killed, wounded and missing. During its term of service the regiment lost 8 officers and 89 enlisted men killed and died of wounds; 4 officers and 135 enlisted men, missing; 304 officers and men wounded, including those fatally wounded; 5 officers and 122 men died of accident, disease, in prison, etc., the deaths from all causes amounting to 224. Privates Jeremiah Park and George Reynolds were awarded medals of honor by the secretary of war.
Tenth Cavalry.—Colonels, John C. Lemmon, William Irvine, Mathew H. Avery; Lieutenant-Colonels, William Irvine, M. H. Avery, Frederick L. Tremain, Benjamin F. Sceva; Majors, M. H. Avery, George W. Kennedy. James M. Reynolds, John H. Kemper, Theodore H. Weed, Martin H. Blynn, Alva D. Waters, William A. Snyder. This regiment, known also as the Porter Guard, is enumerated by Colonel Fox as one of the three hundred fighting regiments of the war. It was organized at Elmira during the fall of 1861, from companies recruited in the counties of Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Erie, Fulton, Onondaga and Steuben. Cos. A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H were mustered into the U. S. service from September 27 to Dec, 28, 1861, for three years; I, K and L were mustered in at Elmira on October 29-30, 1862, and M in November and Dec, 1862. Cos. I, K and L joined the regiment on December 5, 1862, and M in February, 1863, completing the regimental organization. At the expiration of their term of service in the fall of 1864, the original members of the first eight companies, except veterans and recruits, were mustered out, and the regiment was retained in service until July 10, 1865, when it was consolidated with the 24th N. Y. cavalry, the consolidated force being designated as the 1st provisional regiment N. Y. cavalry. The first eight companies left the state on December 24, 1861, and were stationed at Gettysburg during the remainder of the winter. In the spring and summer of 1862, it did railroad guard duty and served in the defenses of Washington, where it was mounted. It saw its first active service in the Manassas campaign of 1862, and was in Bayard's brigade at Fredericksburg. It participated in the Stoneman raid at the time of the Chancellorsville campaign, with the 1st brigade, 3d cavalry division. On June 14, 1863, it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division (General D. McM. Gregg's), in which it served until the close of the war. General Crook commanding the division in the final campaign of 1865. Its brigade commanders were Gens. J. I. Gregg and H. E. Davies, Jr. The regiment encountered its hardest fighting at Brandy Station in June, 1863, where it lost 6 killed, 18 wounded and 61 missing. At Middleburg its loss was 30; at Sulphur Springs, Auburn, Bristoe and Catlett's station in October, 53; at Haw's shop and Hanoverton, 42; at Trevilian Station, 21; at St. Mary's Church, 22; and at Boydton road, 17. In the final Appomattox campaign its losses aggregated 72 killed, wounded and missing. Lieutenant-Colonel Tremain, a brilliant young officer, died of wounds received at Hatcher's run. The following extract from the muster-out rolls of the regiment shows the sort of stuff of which the regiment was made: "Lieutenant William J. Rabb (Co. D); killed at Brandy Station, by a saber-thrust through the body while lying under his horse; he would not surrender." Corp. Andrew Bringle, Corp. James L. Cary, Captain N. D. Preston, and Sergt. Llewellyn P. Norton, were awarded medals of honor for gallantry in action by the secretary of war. The regiment lost while in service 9 officers and 97 men killed or died of wounds; 1 officer and 151 men died of disease, accident, in prison, etc., a total of 258, out of an enrollment of 2,o29 officers and men. Among its important engagements were Leesburg, Beverly ford, Middleburg, Gettysburg, Shepherdstown, Sulphur Springs, Auburn, Bristoe Station, Morrisville, Todd's tavern, near Richmond, Haw's shop, Trevilian Station, King and Queen' Court House, St. Mary's Church, Deep Bottom, Lee's mill, Reams' station. Poplar Spring Church, Boydton road, Prince George Court House, Disputanta Station, Stony Creek Station, Hatcher's run, Dinwiddie Court House, Sailor's creek and Farmville.
Eleventh Cavalry.—Colonels, James B. Swain, John P. Sherburne, Samuel H. Wilkeson; Lieutenant-Colonels, L. P. Di Cesnola, William W. Bennett, Samuel H. Wilkeson, Michael A. McCallum; Majors, William W. Bennett, Seth P. Remington, Horace D. Ellsworth, George W. Richardson, Wilbur F. Raymond, Joseph C. Kenyon, Thomas F. Gamble, George W. Smith, Augustus Pruyn. The nth cavalry, "Scott's 900," recruited from the state at large, was organized at New York city, where the first ten companies were mustered into the U. S. service between Dec, 1861, and May, 1862, for three years. Cos. L and M were mustered in August and September, 1862, and joined the regiment in October. On the expiration of their term of service the original members, except veterans, were mustered out and the veterans and recruits were consolidated on July 21, 1865. into a battalion of four companies, which remained in service until September 30, 1865. when it was mustered out at Memphis, Tennessee. The regiment left the state on May 5, 1862. and served in the Military district of Washington, 22nd corps, a part of it being detached for service in the 8th corps, Middle Department, until March, 1864, when it was transferred to the Department of the Gulf. During this period it was active in engagements at the Blue ridge, Virginia; Poolesville, Maryland, where it lost 4 wounded and 16 missing, among the latter being Lieutenant William Smith; Fairfax Court House, Virginia, where a large part of a squadron under Major Remington was overcome by superior numbers and captured after a heroic resistance, the losses being 3 killed, 15 wounded and 55 captured, though Major Remington succeeded in cutting his way out with 18 men. It was also engaged at Bolivar Heights, Harper's Ferry, Halltown, Edwards' ferry, Leesburg and Rockville, but with slight casualties. While in the Department of the Gulf it was engaged at New river, Manning's plantation, Doyal's plantation, where it sustained a loss of 2 wounded and 98 captured, Bayou Sara, Jackson and Clinton, Louisiana, and at Brookhaven, Liberty, Franklin and Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Early in 1865, it was transferred to the Department of the Cumberland and was engaged near Memphis. Tennessee, in March, with a loss of 32 wounded, and at Germantown, Mississippi, in April, with a loss of 42 killed, wounded and missing. The regiment lost altogether 1 officer and 22 men killed in action and died of wounds; 2 officers and 319 enlisted men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc.; total deaths, 344. It also lost a number of men by drowning, due to the foundering of the steamer North America off the coast of Florida on December 22, 1864.
Twelfth Cavalry.—Colonel. James W. Savage; Lieutenant-Colonel, Philip G. Vought; Majors, J. Ward Gaspar, Rowland R. West, Floyd Clarkson, Rodney M. Taylor. The 12th cavalry, known as the 3d Ira Harris Guard, was organized at New York city to serve for three years. The companies of which it was composed were recruited in the counties of New York, Columbia, Albany, Rensselaer, Clinton, Franklin, Oswego, Onondaga and Erie, and were mustered into the U. S. service from November 19 to 24, 1863. A howitzer section, manned by members of the regiment, was attached during the year 1864. The regiment left the state by detachments from May to December 1863, and proceeded to North Carolina, where it spent its entire term of service, forming part of the 18th corps under command of Major-General J. G. Foster. In the final campaign in 1865. it was assigned to the provisional corps, and from April, 1865, was with the 23d corps, commanded by Major-General Schofield. In July, 1863, it shared in General Foster's raid to Tarboro, meeting with a loss of 4 killed, 14 wounded and 25 missing. It also sustained some losses in the engagements near Washington, N. C., in August. It assisted in repelling the enemy's attack on New Berne in February, 1864, and participated in the defense of Plymouth in April, where it sustained its heaviest loss, 8 killed and mortally wounded, 11 wounded and 102 captured. Many of the men captured subsequently perished in the prison pen at Andersonville. During the remainder of the year 1864 the regiment took part in numerous raids throughout the state and was often in action, meeting with some loss. In March, 1865, the 12th led the advance of Schofield's column, which was moving to join the forces of General Sherman and fought gallantly in the three days' battle at Wise's Forks, where it lost 62 men killed, wounded and missing. It skirmished almost continuously from Kinston to Goldsboro, its total losses in the campaign of the Carolinas being 134 killed, wounded and missing. After Johnston's surrender the regiment was employed in guard duty in the region about the Tar river until July 19, 1865, when it was mustered out at Raleigh, N. C. It lost while in service 3 officers and 36 men killed and mortally wounded; 5 officers and 178 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 222. It sustained unusually heavy losses by death in Confederate prisons, 1 officer and 84 enlisted men dying in the hands of the enemy.
Thirteenth Cavalry.—Colonels, Henry E. Davies, Henry S. Gansevoort; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry S. Gansevoort, Nathaniel Coles; Majors, Nathaniel Coles, John Birdsall, Douglass Frazer, Charles H. Hatch, Augustus P. Green. The 13th cavalry, known also as the Seymour Light Cavalry, was formed in June, 1863, by the consolidation of several incomplete organizations, viz.: the Davies light cavalry, the Horatio Seymour cavalry, the Tompkins cavalry, the New York brigade, and the Seymour light infantry. The various companies were chiefly recruited in the counties of New York, Albany, St. Lawrence, Franklin and Erie. Cos. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I were mustered into the U. S. service at Staten island from February 25 to November 23, 1863, for three years; K and L at Riker's island and M at Hart's island, in March, 1864. The first six companies left the state on June 23, 1863; G and H on August 14, and the others during the following winter. The regiment (six companies) saw its first service during the Pennsylvania campaign in June and July, 1863, and first distinguished itself by the destruction of the enemy's pontoon bridges and train at Falling Waters. It was then assigned to the 22nd corps, and served for the remainder of its term in the defenses of Washington. Its hardest fighting occurred at Aldie, Virginia, where it lost 24 killed, wounded and missing; at Piedmont, losing 42 killed, wounded and missing; and at Lewinsville, where the loss was 20 killed, wounded and missing. It was consolidated with the 16th N. Y. cavalry at Washington on August 17, 1865, and the consolidated force was designated the 3d provisional regiment, N. Y. volunteer cavalry (q. v.). The regiment took part in more than 30 engagements and skirmishes and sustained losses as follows: killed and died of wounds, 31 men; died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., 1 officer and 98 men, a total of 130. Colonel Gansevoort was brevetted major-general for gallant and meritorious service.
Fourteenth Cavalry.—Colonels, Thaddeus P. Mott, Abraham Bassford; Lieutenant-Colonels, John W. Cropsey, John Ennis; Majors, William D. Morton, John Ennis, Abraham Bassford, Collins Chesebrough, James A. Duffy. The 14th, known as the Metropolitan cavalry, was organized in New York city as part of the Metropolitan brigade. It was chiefly recruited in the counties of New York, Erie and Queens. The companies rendezvoused at Riker's island and were there mustered into the U. S. service from November 24, 1862, to July 18, 1863, for three years. On August 1, 1863, Cos. A to I were consolidated into three companies—A, B and C—making the organization a battalion of six companies, which on June 12, 1865, commanded by Colonel Bassford, was transferred to the 18th N. Y. cavalry. The regiment went out under command of Colonel Mott, who had distinguished himself as captain of the 3d independent battery. Five companies left the state on February 8, 1863, four more in April, and the remainder in October. A part of the regiment shared in the siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana, and a part was active during the draft riot in New York city. Most of the term of service was spent in the Department of the Gulf, as part of Arnold's division, 19th corps. In the Red River campaign it served part of the time with the 16th corps. Co. M was on detached service at Fort Barrancas, and District of Florida, from September, 1863, to March, 1865. The heaviest losses of the regiment were sustained during the Red River campaign—62 killed, wounded and missing. On its return from that expedition it was stationed at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, for several months and after January, 1865, formed part of the forces defending New Orleans, sharing during this period in a number of raids and scouting expeditions. In the engagement at Davis creek, near Mobile, Alabama, in Dec, 1864, it met with a loss of 10 men, and at McCullom's point. Louisiana, in March, 1865, it lost 15. Altogether the 14th lost 2 officers and 18 men killed or mortally wounded; 3 officers and 140 men died of disease, accidents in prison, etc., a total of 163. It took part in about 50 battles and skirmishes, and lost a number of men drowned by the foundering of the steamer North America, December 22, 1864. The portion of the regiment transferred to the 18th cavalry was mustered out on May 31, 1866, at Victoria, Tex.
Fifteenth Cavalry.—Colonels, Robert M. Richardson, John P. Coppinger; Lieutenant-Colonels, Augustus J. Root, Henry Roessle; Majors, Joseph H. Wood, Henry Roessle, Jefferson C. Bigelow, Robert H. S. Hyde, Michael Auer, George M. Elicot. In the spring of_ 1863 Colonel Richardson was authorized to reorganize the 12th N. Y. infantry, discharged on account of the expiration of its term of service, as a regiment of cavalry. The regiment was organized at Syracuse, for three years' service, and was there mustered in between August 8, 1863, and January 24, 1864, Cos. L and M being mustered in at Elmira, and Co. I at the cavalry depot, D. C. A large proportion of the men were from Syracuse, and the others were recruited in Onondaga, Ontario, Oneida, Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, Genesee, Tompkins and Erie counties. The regiment was consolidated with the 6th N. Y. cavalry on June 17, 1865, the new organization being designated the 2nd provisional regiment, N. Y. volunteer cavalry. The regiment left the state by detachments from September 2, 1863, to January, 1864, and was assigned to the 22nd corps, Department of Washington, until January. 1864, when it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, cavalry of West Virginia, with which it was engaged at Hillsboro, Strasburg, Upperville, Franklin, Romney, Moorefield, Luray gap, Mt. Jackson, New Market, Front Royal, Newtown, Woodstock, Piedmont, Staunton, Waynesboro, Lexington, New London, Diamond hill, Lynchburg (where its losses aggregated 32 men), Salem, Bunker Hill, Bolivar heights, Leetown, Martinsburg, Snicker's gap, Ashby's gap, Kernstown, Winchester and Charlestown. It was then ordered to the remount camp, Cumberland, Maryland, remaining there from August 25 to October, 1864. While there it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d cavalry division, Army of the Potomac, but soon after joined the Army of the Shenandoah and was engaged at Green Springs, Virginia, with a loss of 46 killed, wounded and missing; at Lacy Springs, with a loss of 29; and near Harrisonburg on the same day, without loss. As a part of the Army of the Potomac it took part in the Appomattox campaign, being engaged at Dinwiddie Court House, Five Forks, Petersburg, Deep creek, Jetersville, Sailor's creek and Appomattox Station. In this closing campaign its losses aggregated 51 killed, wounded and missing. The brave Lieutenant-Colonel Root was among the killed, losing his life at Appomattox Court House, April 8, 1865, just as the final scenes of the war were being enacted. The only other officers lost in action by the regiment were 1st Lieutenant William P. Shearer, killed in a skirmish with guerrillas; and 2nd Lieutenant Lorenzo W. Hatch, killed at Green Springs. The regiment lost during service 3 officers and 37 men killed or mortally wounded; 4 officers and 126 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 7 officers and 163 enlisted men, of whom 44 died as prisoners.
Sixteenth Cavalry.—Colonels, Henry M. Lazelle, Nelson B. Sweitzer; Lieutenant-Colonels, Spencer H. Olmstead, George S. Hollister, John Nicholson; Majors, Morris Hazzard, George B. Bosworth, Giles G. Horton, John Nicholson, Lawrence Leahy. The 16th, known as the Sprague Light Cavalry, was organized at Plattsburg, the companies of which it was composed being recruited in the counties of Clinton, Erie, New York, Westchester, Monroe, Oswego, Rensselaer and St. Lawrence. The first eight companies were mustered into the U. S. service at Plattsburg from June 19 to August 1, 1863, for three years; I, K, L and M were mustered in at Staten island from September 2 to October 18. 1863. On August 17, 1865, the regiment commanded by Colonel Sweitzer, was consolidated with the 13th N. Y. cavalry, and the new organization was designated the 3d provisional regiment, N. Y. volunteer cavalry. Cos. A, B, C and D left the state on June 19, 1863, and took part in the Gettysburg campaign; E, F, G and H, under Lieutenant-Colonel Olmstead left on August 19, 1863; I, K and L left in September, and M on October 23. The regiment was assigned to the cavalry brigade, 22nd corps, defenses of Washington, until the period of its consolidation with the 13th. In 1863 it engaged with loss at Lewinsville; was active at Bristoe Station and near the Blue ridge. In 1864 it was repeatedly in action, its principal engagements and casualties being as follows: Centerville, loss 39; Falls Church, 23; Rapidan Station, 13; Lewinsville, 16. It saw its last fighting in March, 1865, at Warrenton, Fairfax Court House and Vienna. The regiment lost during service 1 officer and 20 men killed and mortally wounded; 119 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc.—total deaths 140. Captain James H. Fleming was killed at Fairfax Station and was the only commissioned officer lost by the regiment.
Seventeenth Cavalry.—This regiment was never fully organized. Colonel Henry D. Townsend was authorized on June 30, 1863, to recruit it, but the authority was revoked on September 17, and the two companies enlisted were transferred to the 1st veteran cavalry, then being organized.
Eighteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, James J. Byrne; Lieutenant-Colonels, Stephen W. Stryker, John Tracy, Jr., Edward Byrne; Majors, Gaza Haraszthy, Edward Byrne, John Tracy, Jr., William H. Davis, Brockholst L. Power, Albert A. Pitcher, John F. Porter, Jr., John Ennis. The 18th, known as the Corning Light Cavalry, was organized in the summer of 1863 at New York city for three years' service. The companies of which it was composed were largely recruited in New York city, though the counties of Albany, Jefferson, Lewis, Franklin, Herkimer and Erie also contributed men. The various companies were mustered into the U. S. service at Staten island, Fort Columbus in N. Y. harbor, and Elmira, between July 18, 1863, and February 3. 1864. The regiment left the state by detachments from September, 1863, to January, 1864. It was stationed in the defenses of Washington until February, 1864, when it was ordered to the Department of the Gulf and was there assigned to the 5th cavalry brigade, Arnold's division, 19th corps. It took part in the Red River campaign, in which it was repeatedly in action, meeting with its severest losses at Sabine cross-roads and at Yellow bayou. At the battle of Sabine cross-roads a squadron under Captain William Davis was warmly engaged, fighting bravely, and losing 12 in killed, wounded and missing, and at Yellow bayou the regiment sustained a loss of 40, of whom 33 were reported missing. On its return from this expedition the regiment was stationed at La Fourche, Louisiana, until the following spring. Cos. A and F were on detached duty in Texas part of the year 1864. The regiment was active during this period at Morganza, Centerville and Franklin, Louisiana; Parish Vico, Pattersonville, Rancho San Pedro and Clarksville, Tex. It was dismounted in January, 1865, and in March was ordered to Bonnet Carre, Louisiana. After the close of hostilities the regiment was on duty in Mississippi and Texas until mustered out at Victoria, Tex., May 31, 1866. Its losses during service were 1 officer and 14 men killed and died of wounds; 2 officers and 202 men died of disease, accident, in prison, etc., the total number of deaths being 219. One officer and 23 men were drowned by the foundering of the steamer North America off the coast of Florida on December 22, 1864. The only commissioned officer lost in action was 1st Lieutenant Alvaro Hammond, who was killed at the battle of Sabine cross-roads.
Nineteenth Cavalry.—(See 130th Infantry and First Regiment of Dragoons.)
Twentieth Cavalry.—Colonels, Newton B. Lord, David M. Evans; Lieutenant-Colonels, David M. Evans, Jacob S. Gates; Majors, Charles F. Smith, John G. Cudworth, John Bower Preston, Hiram H. Carpenter, Jacob S. Gates, John O'Hara, Patrick Fitzpatrick. The 20th, called the McClellan cavalry, was organized in the summer of 1863 at Sacket's Harbor, and was there mustered into the U. S. service during the month of September for three years. The companies of which it was composed were recruited in the counties of Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, Oswego, Onondaga and Albany. Colonel Lord, who had been authorized on June 19, 1863, by Governor Seymour to recruit this regiment, had previously commanded the 35th infantry throughout the bloody series of battles of 1862, and many of his men reenlisted in the 20th cavalry. The regiment left the state on September 30, about 1,200 strong, and was stationed at Portsmouth, Virginia, as part of the 22nd corps until January, 1864, when it was assigned to Heckman's division, 18th corps, remaining at Portsmouth until April, when it was transferred to the District of East Virginia, Department of Virginia and North Carolina. In Dec, 1864, it joined the 1st brigade, General Kautz's cavalry division, Army of the James, with which it remained until the close of the war. Part of this time, Co. D was on detached service at Fort Pocahontas; Co. F at Fort Powhatan; Co. G in the 1st brigade, Mackenzie's division; and Co. I with the provisional and 10th corps. The heaviest casualties sustained by the 20th were at Smithfield, Virginia, in February, 1864, when it lost 21 men captured. It was active at Suffolk, Currituck, Chuckatuck, Wood's mills. South Quay, Winton, N. C., Guiam's ford, N. C., Jamestown island, Murfree's depot, siege of Petersburg, Darbytown road, campaign of the Carolinas, and in the Appomattox campaign. Its losses were not heavy, owing to the fact that it was largely employed in garrison duty and siege operations. It was mustered out on July 31, 1865, Cos. E and H at Fortress Monroe, and the other companies at Manchester, Virginia. The regiment lost while in service 7 enlisted men killed and died of wounds; 2 officers and 121 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 130.
Twenty-first Cavalry.—Colonels, William B. Tibbits, Charles Fitz Simmons; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles Fitz Simmons; Majors, Charles G. Otis, George V. Boutelle, John S. Jennings. The 21st, known as. the Griswold Light Cavalry, was recruited in the summer of 1863, in the counties of Rensselaer, Albany, Tioga and Monroe. The companies rendezvoused at Troy, where they were mustered into the U. S. service from August 28, 1863, to January, 1864. A large portion of this regiment was mustered out by detachments and the remainder was consolidated on September 9, 1865, into a battalion of seven companies, which was mustered out by detachments at Denver, Colonel, and Fort Leavenworth, Kan., from June 23 to August 31, 1866. Five companies left the state on September 4, 1863; one on September 19; three on October 19; one in November, and the others in February, 1864. The advance of the regiment served in the Department of Washington until January, 1864, when it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st cavalry division, Army of West Virginia. It was at Remount camp, Maryland, from August to the close of October, 1864, then joined the Army of the Shenandoah and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd cavalry division. Its last active service was in the Department of West Virginia, from March, 1865. Throughout the year 1864, it was constantly employed in the arduous duties devolving on the cavalry arm of the service. Its greatest casualties were sustained at Lynchburg, loss 13; Buckton, loss 18; Purcellville, loss 21; Snicker's gap, loss 37; Ashby's gap, loss 28; Winchester, loss 21; Cedarville, loss 10; White Post, Virginia, loss 25. In 1865 it took part in engagements near Paris, Loudoun county, Virginia., White Post and near Berryville, where it was in action for the last time. Altogether it lost 3 officers and 63 men killed and died of wounds; 1 officer and 78 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc.; total deaths, 145. Captain William H. Mitchell was killed in action at New Market, Virginia; 1st Lieutenant Nelson B. Holcomb died of wounds received in action at White Post, and 2nd Lieutenant Charles H. Cone was killed in action at Ashby's gap.
Twenty-second Cavalry.—Colonels, Samuel J. Crooks, George C. Cram, Horatio B. Reed; Lieutenant-Colonels, Johnson B. Brown, Horatio B. Reed, Peter McLennan; Majors, Peter McLennan, Benjamin Bennett, Charles C. Brown, Theodore Schlick, George R. French. The 22nd, known as the Rochester Cavalry, was organized at Rochester and there mustered into the U. S. service between December 20, 1863, and February 23, 1864, for three years. The companies of which it was composed were recruited in the counties of Monroe, Erie, Chautauqua, Livingston, Steuben, Onondaga, Orleans, Wayne, Chenango, Delaware and Otsego. Under command of Colonel Reed it was honorably discharged and mustered out at Winchester, Virginia, August 1, 1865. The regiment left the state in March, 1864, and, considering the short time in the field, saw much hard fighting and sustained heavy losses. Its first service was with the 9th corps, after which it joined the 2nd brigade, 3d cavalry division, Army of the Potomac, for the Wilderness campaign. After October, 1864, it served with the Army of the Shenandoah in the campaigns in that valley, and from February, 1865, with the cavalry division, Army of West Virginia. It lost heavily at Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, on Wilson's raid to the South Side and Danville railroads, and at the battle of Nineveh. It fought its final engagements at Fort Holly, New Market and Rude's hill, Virginia. Its casualties included 3 officers and 22 men killed, or died of wounds; 1 officer and 178 men died of disease, accidents and all other causes; total, 204. Of this number, 87 men died in prison. The regiment especially distinguished itself at Kearneysville, Dinwiddie Court House and White Oak swamp. Captain Christopher Bruton, Corp. Henry Harvey and Pvt. George Ladd, who captured battleflags at Waynesboro, were awarded medals of honor by the secretary of war for distinguished gallantry on the field.
Twenty-third Cavalry.—This organization was never completed. Two companies were recruited from New York city, Lancaster, Tonawanda, Aurora, Leroy, Colden, Pavilion, Bethany, Newstead, and Chicktawauga. Under command of Captains Emory Cummings and Alfred Spann respectively, they were mustered into the U. S. service between January and May, 1863, for three years, and left for the Department of North Carolina, 22nd corps, where they were attached to the 12th N. Y. cavalry, and were mustered out at Raleigh, N. C., July 22, 1865. They lost 14 enlisted by disease, accident and other causes. The organization was known as the "Mix Cavalry."
Twenty-fourth Cavalry.—Colonels, William C. Raulston, Walter C. Newberry; Lieutenant-Colonels, Walter C. Newberry, Melzer Richards, Charles B. Coventry; Majors, Walter C. Newberry, George G. Wanzer, Mark L. Scoville, Melzer Richards, Albert Taylor, Charles E. Martin. In the fall of 1863, Colonel Raulston, formerly lieutenant colonel of the 81st N. Y. infantry, was authorized to reorganize the 24th N. Y. infantry, which had been discharged by reason of the expiration of its term, as the 24th cavalry. It was accordingly organized at Auburn and was mustered into the U. S. service between December 28, 1863, and January 26, 1864, for three years. The companies of which it was composed were raised in the counties of Oswego, Erie, Monroe, Chemung, Oneida, Otsego, Ontario, Onondaga, Livingston and Albany. The regiment left the state on February 23, 1864, and after a few months at Washington, dismounted, moved on the Wilderness campaign, with Marshall's provisional brigade, 9th corps, and later as part of the 2nd brigade, 3d division, same corps. It fought at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church. Its losses at Cold Harbor aggregated 84 killed, wounded and missing. It arrived before Petersburg on June 16, and in the assault of that day met with one of the severest losses sustained by any regiment engaged, having 38 killed, 156 wounded and 3 missing, a total of 197. At the mine explosion, it lost 9 killed and wounded and was again active at the Weldon railroad in August, losing 13. It suffered a loss of 60 in the engagement at Poplar Spring Church, and was active at Peebles' farm in October. It was then mounted and assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd cavalry division, Army of the Potomac, which under General Crook, participated in the actions at Hatcher's run, Prince George Court House, Stony Creek Station, Three creeks, Halifax road, Lee's mill and the final Appomattox campaign in which the regiment lost 73 killed, wounded and missing. Colonel Raulston was captured by the enemy on September 29, 1864, and in attempting to escape, was shot on December 10, by one of the sentinels at Danville, dying from the effects on the 15th. Commanded by Colonel Newberry, the regiment was consolidated with the 10th N. Y. cavalry on July 10, 1865, the consolidated force being known as the "1st provisional regiment N. Y. volunteer cavalry." The regiment saw less than a year of active service, but endured much hard service and suffered severely. It lost 7 officers and 113 men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 133 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 254. Private George Schmal was awarded a medal of honor for the capture of a flag at Paine's crossroads in April.
Twenty-fifth Cavalry.—Colonels, Henry F. Liebenau, Gurden Chapin; Lieutenant-Colonel, Aaron Seeley; Majors, Samuel W. McPherson, Charles J. Seymour, Clinton G. Townsley, John F. L. Danesi, Charles F. Willard. The 25th, known as the Sickles Cavalry, was organized at Saratoga Springs and Hart's island, under Colonel Liebenau and his successor, Colonel Chapin. The companies of which it was composed were recruited in the counties of New York, Delaware, Saratoga and Sullivan. Cos. A, B, C. D, E and F were mustered into the U. S. service at Saratoga from February 20 to April 23, 1864, for three years; G, H, I, K, L and M, at Hart's island, from April 20 to October 20, 1864. Throughout most of its term of service the regiment was commanded by Lieut-Colonel Seeley, who was a popular officer and received an honorable wound at the battle of Woodstock, Virginia. The regiment left the state by detachments, going first to Washington and in June, 1864, served in the provost guard of the Army of the Potomac, returning to Washington in July. During this period it was engaged at White House landing, Charles City Court House, and Fort Stevens. In August, 1864, it was assigned to Merritt's cavalry division, with which organization it participated in Sheridan's brilliant campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, engaging at Halltown, Duffield Station, Leetown, Bunker Hill, Berryville, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, Front Royal, Luray, Port Republic, Woodstock, Conrad's ferry, Newtown (sustaining here its greatest loss, 22 killed, wounded and missing), White Plains, Upperville, Snicker's gap, Flint hill and Madison Court House. In January, 1865, it was in action at Columbia Furnace and saw its last fighting in March at Mt. Jackson, Harrisonburg, Rude's hill and Staunton. In April, 1865, it was assigned to the cavalry division, Army of West Virginia, and was finally mustered out and discharged at Hart's island. N. Y. harbor, on June 27, 1865. Its losses by death during service were 1 officer and 16 men killed and mortally wounded; 49 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 66. The only commissioned officer killed in action was Lieutenant Charles N. Howard, who fell at White House landing, June 21, 1864.
Twenty-sixth Cavalry.—Colonels. Burr Porter, Ferris Jacobs, Jr.; Lieutenant-Colonels, Ferris Jacobs, Jr., William E. Beardsley; Majors, William E. Beardsley, Charles E. Rice, Josiah Grout, Jr.. Edward T. Bouve. This regiment, known as the Frontier cavalry, was organized in the states of New York, Massachusetts and Vermont under special authority from the war department, to serve on the northern frontier for one year. The five companies, G, H, I, K and L, composing the N. Y. battalion, were recruited in the counties of St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Lewis, Franklin, Clinton, Essex and Erie, and were mustered into the U. S. service from February 11 to 24, 1865. Governor Fenton appointed the field officers of the regiment, under a ruling of the war department. The above companies were mustered out under Colonel Jacobs from June 29 to July 7, 1865, having lost 3 men who died of disease.
First Dragoons.—Colonels, Alfred Gibbs, Thomas J. Thorp; Lieutenant Colonels, Thomas J. Thorp, Rufus Scott; Majors, Rufus Scott, Jacob W. Knapp, Howard M. Smith. This regiment was organized in the summer of 1862 at Portage, as the 130th infantry and served as such at Suffolk, Virginia, and in Keyes' corps on the Peninsula. The companies of which it was composed were recruited in the counties of Allegany, Livingston and Wyoming. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Portage, September 2, 1862, for three years. On July 28, 1863, it was transferred to the mounted service, and designated the 19th cavalry on August 11, but this designation was changed on September 10, to 1st regiment of dragoons. The regiment—ten companies—left the state on September 6, 1862, and served as above noted. During its entire mounted service it was in the 1st cavalry division, Army of the Potomac. It was drilled in its new duties by Colonel Gibbs, who belonged to the U. S. cavalry service, and as a regiment of dragoons made its first fight near Manassas Junction in October, 1863, sustaining a loss of 10 killed, wounded and missing. The regiment moved on Grant's campaign of 1864 with about 400 carbines and fought desperately in the Wilderness (at Todd's tavern), dismounted, sustaining a loss of 20 killed, 36 wounded and 35 missing, the heaviest loss of any cavalry regiment in any one action during the war. It took part with loss in General Sheridan's raid to the James river in May; at Cold Harbor the tired troopers were aroused from their sleep on the ground and ordered into the breastworks, which they gallantly defended throughout the night, inspired by the music of their band. The losses at Cold Harbor aggregated 35 killed, wounded and missing. Sadly reduced in numbers, the gallant dragoons moved with Sheridan on the raid to Trevilian Station, where they were warmly engaged, their casualties in that action amounting to 16 killed, 61 wounded, and 8 missing. The regiment fought with Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley and shared in the glories of the final Appomattox campaign. It gained a high reputation among brigade and division generals for discipline and efficiency. Under command of Colonel Thorp, it was mustered out and discharged on June 30, 1865, at Cloud's mills, Virginia, having participated in about 65 battles and skirmishes. It lost 4 officers and 127 men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 142 men by disease, accident, in prison, etc.; a total of 274. Its loss in killed and mortally wounded was exceeded by only five cavalry regiments in the service. Corp. Chester B. Bowen; Com.-Sergt. Andrew J. Lorish and Lieutenant William M. Winegar were awarded medals of honor for gallantry in action.
First Mounted Rifles.—Colonels, Charles C. Dodge, Benjamin F. Onderdonk, Edwin V. Sumner; Lieutenant-Colonels, Benjamin F. Onderdonk, Alexander G. Patton, James N. Wheelan; Majors, William H. Schieffelon, Henry Terwilliger, James N. Wheelan, Minott A. Pruyn, Charles C. Dodge, Alexander G. Patton, Edgar A. Hamilton. This regiment from the state at large was organized at New York city. The companies were mustered into the U. S. service for three years as follows: A and B at Fort Monroe, Virginia, July 30, 1861; C and D at Newburg, September 18 and October 16, 1861; E, F, G and H at New York city, in June, July and August, 1862; and I, K, L and M in August and September, 1862. On July 17, 1864, it received by transfer 270 men of the 16th N. Y. artillery. The original members, except veterans, were mustered out at the expiration of their term of service and in July, 1865, the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of seven companies, commanded by Colonel Sumner; to complete the reorganization of the regiment, it was consolidated with the 3d N. Y. cavalry, which constituted companies B, F, H, I and L of the new organization. The first two companies left the state in July, 1861; C and D in Dec, 1861; E, F, G and H in August, 1862; and I, K, L and M in September, 1862. It served until 1864 with the 7th and 4th corps, principally at Fortress Monroe, Norfolk, Suffolk, Portsmouth, Williamsburg and Yorktown, Virginia, taking part in over 50 battles and skirmishes, but sustaining no severe losses, its heaviest casualties being at Scott's mills, Virginia, in May, 1863, when 28 were killed, wounded and missing. The regiment was ordered to join Wistar's division, 18th corps in January, 1864, with which it was engaged at New Kent Court House and Bottom's bridge. During the rest of its active service it was principally with the cavalry division of. the Army of the James, one detachment acting as escort at headquarters, and Cos. H and D with the 10th corps from June to August, 1864. In the operations against Petersburg and Richmond in May,. 1864, it sustained a loss of 13, and during the siege was often in action, but met with no large losses, its total casualties amounting to 43 killed, wounded and missing. It was active at the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, and saw its last fighting at Murfree's depot, Somerton and Jackson, N. C. The final record of the regiment wilt be found under the head of the 4th provisional cavalry. The losses of the regiment during service were 2 officers and 30 men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 125 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 165. (See 7th Cavalry.)
Second Mounted Rifles.—Colonels, John Fisk, Louis Siebert; Lieutenant Colonels, Jasper N. Raymond, Joseph H. Wood; Majors, William H. Mapes, John D. Numan, Joseph M. Rushmore, John H. Fralick, Henry Runyan, Henry G. Stebbins, Nahum Ward Cady, James M. Watson, Henry F. Pierce. This regiment, known as the Governor's Guard, was organized at Lockport and Buffalo in the summer and early fall of 1862. Colonel Fisk had been authorized to recruit a regiment of infantry, but this authority was modified a month later, making the organization a regiment of mounted rifles. The companies of which it was composed were principally raised in the counties of Erie, Niagara, Wyoming, Orleans, Allegany and Wayne, and were mustered into the U. S. service from October, 1863, to February, 1864, for three years. The regiment left the state in March, 1864; served as infantry attached to the 22nd corps at and near Washington until May; then joined the Army of the Potomac, engaged in the Richmond campaign, where it was first assigned to the provisional brigade, 1st division, and later to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps; saw its first fighting at Spottsylvania Court House; lost heavily at Cold Harbor, where its casualties amounted to 64 killed, wounded and missing; and in the assaults on the Petersburg works in June it again suffered severely, having 18 killed, 82 wounded and 2 missing. At the mine explosion it was again in action with Potter's division, and sustained a loss of 48 killed, wounded and missing. In the action at Poplar Spring Church its casualties were 76. The regiment was now mounted and served with the 3d brigade, 2nd cavalry division (Crook's), Army of the Potomac, losing 33 killed, wounded and missing at Hatcher's run and Nottoway Station. It performed its full share during the campaign leading up to Lee's surrender at Appomattox, its casualties from March 28 to April 9, 1865, amounting to 62 killed, wounded and missing. After the close of the war it served in the Department of Virginia until mustered out under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph H. Wood, at Petersburg on August 10, 1865. Its losses by death during service were 8 officers and 97 men, killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 112 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc.; a total of 218.
First Veteran Cavalry.—Colonels, Robert F. Taylor, John S. Platner; Lieutenant-Colonels, John S. Platner, Charles A. Wells; Majors, Charles A. Wells, Charles W. Ringer, James E. Williams, J. M. Guion, Jerry A. Sullivan, E. D. Comstock. This regiment was organized at Geneva and was originally intended to become the 17th cavalry, but the designation was changed before the organization had commenced. On September 17, 1863, the men enlisted for Cos. A and B, 17th cavalry, were transferred to it. The various companies were principally recruited in the counties of Ontario, Seneca, Wayne, Monroe, Erie and Chemung. A and B were mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, July 31 and September 8, respectively, for three years, and the others at Geneva from October 10 to November 19. In October, 1864, Co. M was consolidated with Co. A, and a new Co. M was mustered in at Elmira for a service of one year. The regiment left the state by detachments from July to November, 1863, and served in the Department of Washington until February, 1864. It was composed of excellent material, chiefly veterans of the 27th and 33d infantry. Attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, cavalry of West Virginia, its first battle occurred at Upperville, in February, 1864. It lost 35 men at Snickersville on March 6, and 38 on the 10th at Kabletown, Major Sullivan being among the killed. It suffered severely at New Market in May, where it lost 65 killed, wounded and missing. Continuous hard service followed, the regiment being actively engaged at Woodstock, Newtown, New Market, Harrisonburg, Piedmont, Waynesboro, Cheat mountain, Diamond hill, Lynchburg, White Sulphur Springs, Bunker Hill, and near Martinsburg, Leetown, Sharpsburg, Sandy Hook, Charlestown and Winchester. In August, 1864, attached to the 2nd cavalry division, Army of West Virginia, it fought at Duffield Station, Cedar creek, Berryville, Charlestown and Falling Waters, and was then ordered to remount camp, Maryland, where it remained until the end of October, 1864. In November it was engaged at Nineveh and Rude's hill without loss, as part of the Army of the Shenandoah. It participated in no more pitched battles. Under command of Colonel Platner it was mustered out at Camp Piatt, West Virginia, July 20, 1865, having lost while in service 4 officers and 47 men killed and mortally wounded; 87 men who died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 138.
Second Veteran Cavalry.—Colonel, Morgan H. Chrysler; Lieutenant-Colonels, Morgan H. Chrysler, Asa L. Gurney; Majors, Duncan Cameron, Edward Van Voast. John S. Fassett. This regiment, known as the Empire Light Cavalry, was largely composed of veterans of the 30th N. Y. infantry, Colonel Chrysler having been authorized on June 23, 1863, to reorganize the 30th, which had been discharged by reason of the expiration of its term of service, as a cavalry regiment. The veteran regiment was organized at Saratoga Springs, its companies being chiefly recruited in the counties of Saratoga, Schenectady, Montgomery, Clinton, Essex, Warren, Albany, Rensselaer and Columbia. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Saratoga from August 15 to December 30, 1863, for three years, and left the state by detachments from August to December. It was stationed at Washington during the ensuing winter, whence it embarked for New Orleans, and there joined the Department of the Gulf. Its entire term of service was spent in the South, where it formed part of Arnold's cavalry division, 19th corps. Assigned to the 5th cavalry brigade, it took part in Banks' Red River campaign, in which it was 18 times in action and suffered a loss of 77 killed, wounded and missing. It was assigned to the 4th cavalry brigade on its return and through June, July and August was engaged in a number of raids and scouting expeditions, meeting with some losses. In the fall, attached to the 1st cavalry brigade, it was active at St. Francisville, Bayou Sara and Fausse river, Louisiana, and in November, attached to the separate brigade, cavalry reserve, it skirmished at Clinton, Liberty creek and Pascagoula, Mississippi, at state line, and at McLeod's mills. Louisiana, where it lost 11 killed and wounded. Its last active service was with the 1st brigade, cavalry division, in March and April, 1865, at College Hill, Pine Barren creek, Cotton creek and Bluff Springs, Florida; Pollard, Fort Blakely, Mt. Pleasant and Whistler's station, Alabama. Under command of Colonel Chrysler, it was mustered out and discharged at Talladega, Alabama, November 8, 1865, having lost 5 officers and 30 men killed and mortally wounded; 3 officers and 215 men died of disease and other causes, the heavy mortality from disease being due to the long service of the regiment in the South. It lost in addition a number of men by the foundering of the steamer North America off the coast of Florida in Dec, 1864.
Oneida Cavalry.—This independent company was raised and organized at Oneida, Madison county, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, September 4, 1861, under the command of Captain David P. Mann. It left the state the same month and served at the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, performing escort and guard duty, furnishing couriers, etc. On the expiration of its term of service the original members, except veterans, were mustered out and the organization composed of veterans and recruits remained in service until June 13, 1865, when it was mustered out near Washington, under command of Captain James E. Jenkins. During its long period of service it was present at all the important battles fought by the Army of the Potomac, from the siege of Yorktown in 1862 to the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. Eleven enlisted men died of disease and other causes during its term of service.
First Provisional Cavalry.—Colonel, Matthew H. Avery; Lieutenant-Colonel, Benjamin F. Sceva; Majors. William A. Snyder, James M. Reynolds, Mark L. Scoville. This regiment was formed by the consolidation of the 10th and 24th cavalry on June 17, 1865, company corresponding to company. It was mustered out of service July 19, 1865, at Cloud's mills, Virginia.
Second Provisional Cavalry.—Colonel, Charles L. Fitzhugh; Lieutenant-Colonel, Harrison White; Majors, Robert H. S. Hyde, George W. Goler, George E. Farmer. This regiment was formed by the consolidation of the 6th and 15th regiments of cavalry on June 17, 1865. Under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel White, it was mustered out on August 9, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky. Its loss from disease and other causes was 12 men.
Third Provisional Cavalry.—Colonel, Nelson B. Sweitzer; Lieutenant-Colonel, Nathaniel Coles; Majors, George B. Bosworth, John Birdsall, Charles H. Hatch. This regiment was formed by the consolidation of the 13th and 16th regiments of cavalry on June 23, 1865. Colonel Sweitzer was given the command of the new organization, which was mustered out of service on September 21, 1865, at Camp Barry, near Washington, D. C. Its loss from disease and other causes was 4 enlisted men.
Fourth Provisional Cavalry.—Colonel, Edwin V. Sumner; Lieutenant-Colonel, James M. Wheelan; Majors, Henry Terwilliger, Edgar A. Hamilton, Minott A. Pruyn. Under the orders of the war department of May 8, 1865, this regiment was formed by the consolidation of the 3d cavalry and the ist mounted rifles, the consolidation taking place on July 21, 1865. Colonel Sumner of the 1st mounted rifles was given the command of the new organization, which was mustered out of service on November 29, 1865, at City Point, Virginia. It lost 10 men by disease and other causes.
First Artillery.—Colonels, Guilford D. Bailey, Charles S. Wainwright; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry E. Turner, Charles S. Wainwright, Edward R. Warner; Majors, Charles S. Wainwright, J. Watts De Peyster, Jr., Robert Fitzhugh, Luther Kieffer, John A. Reynolds, David H. Van Valkenburgh, Thomas W. Osborne. This regiment of light artillery was organized at Elmira in the fall of 1861 and was composed of companies recruited in the counties of Oswego, Oneida, Onondaga, Chemung, Steuben, Monroe, Wayne, Erie, Niagara, Jefferson, St. Lawrence, Lewis and Herkimer. It was mustered into the U. S. service from August 30 to November 20, 1861, for three years. Eight companies, under command of Colonel Bailey, left the state on October 31, and I, K, L and M on November 21. Its service was by batteries in the Armies of the Potomac, Virginia, the Cumberland and Georgia. At the expiration of the term of service, the original members, except veterans, were mustered out and the organization composed of veterans and recruits remained in service. Both Colonel Bailey and Major Van Valkenburgh were killed in action at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 1862.
Battery A ("Empire Battery"). Captain Thomas H. Bates, was mustered in at Utica, September 12, 1861; served from November, 1861, to March, 1862, at and near Washington, for a portion of the time in the artillery reserve of the Army of the Potomac; was then assigned to Casey's division, 4th corps, and moved on the Peninsular campaign; and took part in the siege of Yorktown, the battles of Williamsburg, Bottom's and Turkey Island bridges and Fair Oaks. On June 15, 1862, the enlisted men were transferred to Batteries D and H, 1st artillery, and the 7th and 8th independent batteries. Captain Bates then returned to New York to reorganize a new battery, which was recruited at Utica and served with the 22nd corps, at the artillery camp of instruction near Washington from February 1, 1863, until June 4. It was then for a time in the Department of the Susquehanna, being stationed at Philadelphia, Harrisburg, Chambersburg, Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, etc. It was active at Chambersburg at the time of the Confederate raid in July, and was mustered out under Captain Bates, June 28, 1865, at Elmira. It lost during service 4 killed and 9 died of disease.
Battery B, Captain Rufus D. Pettit, was recruited at Elmira and Baldwinsville and was mustered into the U. S. service August 30, 1861. In November it received by transfer a number of men belonging to Captain Busteed's Chicago light battery (C) and in September, 1863, a number of men from the 14th N. Y. battery. Most of its service was with the 2nd corps, the reserve artillery and the artillery brigade, 5th corps, Army of the Potomac. It participated in the siege of Yorktown, the battles of Fair Oaks, Seven Days', Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Mine Run campaign, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church, Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Poplar Grove Church, Hatcher's run, Hicksford raid, White Oak ridge, Five Forks, fall of Petersburg and Appomattox Court House. It was mustered out and discharged at Elmira, June 18, 1865, under Captain Robert E. Rogers. It lost during service 16 killed and died of wounds; 10 died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 26. It has the distinction of ranking nth among all the light artillery batteries in the service, in point of loss in battle. Its loss at Gettysburg was particularly heavy, amounting to 10 killed, and 16 wounded. Captain Hazard, commanding the artillery brigade, 2nd corps, speaking of the third day's fighting at Gettysburg, says in his report: "Battery B, 1st New York artillery, was entirely exhausted; its ammunition expended; its horses and men killed and disabled; its commanding officer, Captain J. M. Rorty, killed, and senior 1st Lieutenant A. S. Sheldon severely wounded. In the death of Captain Rorty the brigade has lost a worthy officer, a gallant soldier, and an estimable man. He had enjoyed his new position but one day, having assumed command of Battery B, on July 2, as it was about to engage the enemy."
Battery C, Captain John W. Tamblin, recruited at Watertown, Leroy, Wilna, Philadelphia, Alexandria, Rutland and Champion, was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, September 6, 1861. Captain Almont Barnes succeeded to the command of the battery in January, 1862, and David F. Ritchie in September, 1864. Most of the active service of the battery was with the 5th corps, in the engagements at Fredericksburg, Rappahannock Station, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Williamsport, Maryland, Bristoe Station, Mine Run campaign, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, White Oak swamp, Petersburg assault in June, 1864, Weldon railroad, Fort Stedman and the fall of Petersburg. It was mustered out at Elmira, June 17, 1865, having lost 4 men killed, and 18 who died of disease and other causes.
Battery D, Captain Thomas W. Osborn, recruited at Watertown, Gouverneur, Russell, Antwerp, Cape Vincent, Diana, Stone Mills, Pitcairn, and Richville, was mustered into the U. S. service on September 6, 1861, at Elmira. In June, 1862, it received by transfer some of the men of battery A. It was stationed at Washington through the winter and in the spring of 1862 moved on the Peninsular campaign, assigned to Hooker's division, 3d corps. It continued to serve with the 3d corps until 1864, after which it served with the artillery brigade, 5th corps. The battery took part in the engagements about Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' battles, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wapping heights, Kelly's ford, Brandy Station, Mine Run campaign, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church, White Oak swamp, first assaults on Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Poplar Grove Church, Hicksford raid, Hatcher's run, White Oak ridge, Five Forks, fall of Petersburg, and Appomattox Court House. The battery lost during service 1 officer and 12 men killed and died of wounds; 14 men died of disease and other causes. It was mustered out at Elmira. June 16, 1865, under command of Captain James B. Hazelton.
Battery E, Captain John Stocum, recruited at Bath, Avon and Mitchellsville, was mustered in at Elmira, September 13, 1861. Captain Charles C. Wheeler succeeded to the command in January, 1862, and Captain Angel Matthewson in May, 1864. It was stationed at Washington during the winter of 1861-62, and served during the Peninsular campaign with Smith's division, 4th corps, until May, and then in the 2nd division, 6th corps. In August, 1862, it was attached to the 1st N. Y. battery; from June 20, 1863, to Battery L; in the Wilderness campaign it was attached to the artillery brigade, 5th corps; and then served as a mortar battery before Petersburg until 1865, when it was in the artillery reserve, attached to the 9th corps until the end of the war. The battery took part in the engagements about Yorktown, at Lee's mill, Williamsburg, Mechanicsville, Garnett's farm, White Oak Swamp, Glendale, Malvern hill, Centerville, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Robertson's tavern, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church, first assault on Petersburg, Fort Stedman and the fall of Petersburg. It lost during service 1 officer and 4 men killed and mortally wounded; 1 officer and 12 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 18. It was mustered out of service, commanded by Captain Matthewson, at Elmira, June 6, 1865.
Battery F, Captain W. R. Wilson, was recruited at Oswego, Southport and Elmira and there mustered into the U. S. service on September 14, 1861. In October, 1863, some of its members were transferred to the 2nd regiment of artillery. It was chiefly employed in garrison duty, being stationed at Washington during the winter of 1861-2, and the remainder of 1862 was with Franklin's division, 1st corps, and the 1st division, 6th corps. It was at the White House in June, 1862, and at Yorktown, in the 4th corps, from July, 1862, to July, 1863. The remainder of its term it was stationed in the Department of Washington with the 22nd corps. It was mustered out under Captain Wilson, June 17, 1865, at Elmira. It had no casualties in action, but lost during service 14 men who died of disease and other causes.
Battery G, Captain John D. Frank, recruited at Mexico, was mustered into the U. S. service on September 24, 1861, at Elmira. It received by transfer in November, 1861, some of Captain Busteed's Chicago light battery and in September, 1863, its ranks were filled by the transfer of part of the 14th N. Y. battery. It was stationed at Washington with its regiment during the winter 1861-62, and its subsequent service was chiefly with the 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac. In January, 1865, it was in the artillery reserve, attached to the 9th corps. It took part in the following engagements: Warrenton Junction, siege of Yorktown, Lee's mill, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, Antietam, Leesburg, Charlestown, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Auburn, Bristoe Station, the Mine Run campaign, Morton's ford, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, first assault on Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Fort Stedman and the fall of Petersburg. Its loss during service was 1 officer and 11 men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 16 men died of disease and other causes. It was mustered out, under Captain Samuel A. McClellan, June 19, 1865, at Elmira.
Battery H, Captain Joseph Spratt. recruited at Watertown and Lowville, was mustered into the U. S. service on October 10, 1861, at Elmira, and in June, 1862, received some of the members of battery A by transfer. It served at Washington with the regiment during the winter of 1861-62; in the Peninsular campaign with Casey's division, 4th corps; was stationed at Gloucester Point during August, 1862; at Yorktown from September, 1862, to July, 1863; at Washington, in the 22nd corps, from July to September, 1863; during the remainder of 1863 it served with the artillery brigade, 1st corps; and from March, 1864, with the artillery brigade, 5th corps. It took part in the siege of Yorktown and the battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Seven Days' battles, Baltimore cross-roads, the Mine Run campaign, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church, the assault on Petersburg in June, 1864, Weldon railroad, Poplar Grove Church, Hatcher's run, Hicksford raid, Fort Stedman, White Oak ridge, Five Forks, the fall of Petersburg and Appomattox Court House. The battery had 7 men killed in action and lost 10 who died of disease and other causes, a total of 17. It was finally mustered out at Elmira, June 19, 1865, under Captain Charles E. Mink.
Battery I, Captain Michael Wiedrich, recruited at Buffalo, Lancaster, Amherst and Elmira, was mustered in at Buffalo, October 1, 1861. The 65th militia contributed a number of its members, and on June 10, 1863, 40 men of the 2nd N. Y. battery were transferred to it. The battery first served in Blenker's division, Army of the Potomac, and in June, 1862, it was assigned to the 1st corps, Army of Virginia, with which it was engaged at Strasburg, Union Church, Aldie, Cross Keys and Port Republic. In General Pope's campaign in Virginia it served in the 3d division, nth corps, fighting at Freeman's ford, Rappahannock Station, Sulphur Springs, Waterloo bridge, Groveton and Bull Run. With the artillery brigade, nth corps, it fought at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and continued to serve with that corps until the consolidation of the nth and 12th corps to form the 20th, when it formed part of the artillery brigade of the latter. Proceeding with its corps to Tennessee, it took part in the battles of Lookout valley and Wauhatchie; was active in the Chattanooga-Ringgold campaign, including the battle of Missionary ridge, and in May, 1864, moved with Sherman on the Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, Golgotha, Kolb's farm, Peachtree creek and the siege of Atlanta. On November 15, 1864, it started on the march to the sea, fighting at Monteith swamp, Savannah, and opposite Argyle island, where it was engaged with Confederate gunboats. In January, 1865, it moved on the campaign of the Carolinas; was in action at Averasboro, Bentonville and Raleigh; and saw its last fighting at Bennett's house in April. It was mustered out and discharged on June 23, 1865, at Fort Porter, Buffalo, under command of Captain Charles E. Winegar. It lost during service 1 officer and 12 men killed and died of wounds; 1 officer and 15 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 29.
Battery K ("Fort Plain Battery"), Captain Lorenzo Crounze, recruited at Fort Plain, Stockbridge, Jasper, Elmira and Canandaigua, was mustered into the U. S. service on November 20, and December 15, 1861, its surplus men being transferred to the other batteries of the regiment. Captain Crounse resigned on September 9, 1862, and Captain Robert H. Fitzhugh succeeded to the command. When the latter was promoted major, on September 7, 1863, Captain Solon W. Stocking assumed the command. It took part in General Pope's Virginia campaign in the summer of 1862, being engaged at Rappahannock river, Beverly ford and the second Bull Run. Attached to the 1st division, 12th corps it participated in the battle of Chancellorsville, and as part of the artillery reserve, Army of the Potomac, in the battle of Gettysburg and the Mine Run campaign. During the 1st year of the war it was stationed in the defenses of Washington with the 22nd corps, and was mustered out at Elmira, June 20, 1865. Its losses were 2 men killed and 15 who died of disease, etc.
Battery L ("Rochester Union Greys"), Captain John A. Reynolds, recruited at Rochester, Palmyra and Elmira, was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, November 17, 1861. The 1st militia battalion of light artillery supplied many members of the battery. When Captain John A. Reynolds was promoted major on May 9, 1863, Captain Gilbert H. Reynolds was given the command and on his resignation May 3, 1864, was succeeded by Lieutenant George Breck. It was stationed at Baltimore, Winchester and Harper's Ferry until the latter part of May, 1862, and was engaged at Charlestown, West Virginia, and Harper's Ferry. It fought with Pope at Cedar mountain and with the 1st division, 2nd corps, was engaged at Gainesville and the second Bull Run. It was then assigned to the 1st division, 1st corps, with which it took part in the battles of South mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. As a part of the artillery brigade, 1st corps, it did gallant service at Gettysburg, going into action under Captain Gilbert Reynolds, who was severely wounded at the very beginning of the battle on the first day, when Lieutenant Breck took command. Its loss in men was 2 killed and 16 wounded, and 22 horses were killed or disabled. In November, 1863, it participated in the Mine Run campaign, and fought throughout Grant's campaign of 1864 in the artillery brigade of the 5th corps, at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church, the assault on Petersburg in June, and the Weldon railroad. In the final campaign in 1865 it was in the artillery reserve, attached to the 9th corps, and was active at Hatcher's run, Fort Stedman, and the final assault on Petersburg. It was mustered out on June 17, 1865, at Elmira, under Captain Breck. It lost during service 11 men killed and mortally wounded; 12 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 23.
Battery M, Captain George W. Cothran, recruited at Rochester, Albany and Lockport, was mustered into the U. S. service at Rochester November 15, 1861. On the resignation of Captain Cothran in April, 1863, John D. Woodbury became captain, and on his resignation in the fall of 1864 Captain Edward H. Underhill assumed command of the battery. It served with the regiment at Washington in the winter 1861-62; served until April, 1862, with Williams' division, 5th corps; then in the Department of the Shenandoah until June 26; in the 1st division, 2nd corps, Army of Virginia, until September; and in the 1st division, 12th corps, until April, 1863, taking part in the engagements at Winchester, Edenburg, skirmish at McGaheysville, Middletown. Newtown, Falling Waters, Cedar mountain, Beverly ford, Sulphur Springs, Antietam and a skirmish near Ripon, Virginia. Commanded by Captain Woodbury, and assigned to the artillery brigade, 12th corps, it performed gallant service at Chancellorsville, where it sustained one of the heaviest losses occurring in the light artillery in any one engagement—5 killed, 13 wounded and 4 missing. It fought gallantly and with severe loss at Gettysburg. In May, 1864, attached to the 1st division, 20th corps, it moved on Sherman's Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, Golgotha, Nose's creek, Peachtree creek, and the siege of Atlanta. With the artillery brigade, same corps, it participated in the Savannah campaign and early in 1865 in the campaign of the Carolinas. In these movements it was engaged at Savannah, opposite Argyle island. Averasboro, Bentonville, Raleigh and Bennett's house, where it had its last fight. It was mustered out under command of Captain Underhill, at Rochester, June 23, 1865. The battery suffered a loss during service of 13 men killed in action, and 1 officer and 11 men died of disease and other causes. The 1st artillery sustained a total loss of 6 officers and 95 enlisted men killed and died of wounds received in action.
Second Artillery.—Colonels, Jeremiah Palmer, Gustave Wagner, Milton Cogswell. Joseph N. G. Whistler; Lieutenant-Colonels, Oscar F. Hulser, Henry B. Burtnett, Henry P. Roche, Gustave Wagner, Jeremiah Palmer, George Hogg; Majors, Henry P. Roche, Albert Bronson, Thomas McGuire, George Hogg, Benjamin Van Raden, Alexander Doul, George S. Dawson. Edward A. Selkirk, William A. McKay, Pliny L. Joslyn, Thomas J. Clark, Oscar F. Hulser, Sullivan B. Lamoreaux, Francis R. Humphreys. This regiment was known as Governor Morgan's 2nd regiment U. S. light artillery, or Palmer's artillery. Eight of its companies were recruited prior to October 18, 1861, by Colonels John W. Latson and Jeremiah Palmer, and to these were added on December 5, 1861, the Morgan and the Flushing artillery, completing the regimental organization. The companies were raised in the counties of New York, Oneida and Herkimer and the regiment was organized at Staten island, where it was mustered into the U. S. service by companies, between August 22 and December 12, 1861, for three years. Thirty-four Indians of the Oneida tribe, original members of Co. F, were discharged in June, 1862. Original Battery L, which had served detached as light artillery, became the 34th Battery (q. v.) in November, 1863, and was replaced by a new battery in January, 1864. On the expiration of their term of service the original members were mustered out, and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, remained in service. On June 27, 1865, it was consolidated into eight companies, and four companies of the 9th N. Y. artillery were transferred to it as Cos. I, K, L and M. The first eight companies left the state on November 7, 1861, and the remaining companies about a month later. Early in the war the regiment garrisoned Forts Ward, Worth and Blenker—the advanced line of Washington defenses on the Virginia side of the Potomac. At the time of the enemy's raid upon Manassas in August, 1862, it did splendid service at Bull Run bridge and was the means of saving the remainder of General Taylor's New Jersey brigade, holding the enemy in check while the New Jersey troops and the 12th Pennsylvania cavalry made good their retreat. Its loss in this action was 1 killed, 6 wounded and 53 missing. The regiment fought bravely during Grant's campaign of 1864 and during the final Appomattox campaign. It was assigned to Tyler's artillery division, 2nd corps, on May 18, 1864, and afterwards served in Barlow's division of the same corps. It took part in the engagements at Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, first assault on Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station, Hatcher's run, Fort Stedman, White Oak ridge, fall of Petersburg, Deatonsville, High bridge, Farmville and Appomattox Court House. Its losses were particularly heavy at Spottsylvania—117 killed, wounded and missing. At the Totopotomy and North Anna it lost 95 killed, wounded and missing; at Cold Harbor 215; at the first assaults on Petersburg, 306; at Strawberry Plains, 60; at Reams' Station, 72; and during the final assault on Petersburg, 104. There were nine heavy artillery regiments whose loss in killed and died of wounds exceeded 20o, among which the 2nd N. Y. ranked eighth. In the assault on Petersburg, June 17, 1864, the 2nd lost 54 killed, which is one of the most remarkable losses sustained by a heavy artillery regiment in any one engagement during the war. Its total losses were 216 killed and mortally wounded, 10 of whom were officers; 250 enlisted men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc.; total deaths, 466. There were 27 officers and 718 enlisted men wounded (including 106 mortally wounded and 71 enlisted men died as prisoners. It was mustered out at Washington, September 29, 1865, commanded by Colonel Whistler.
Third Artillery (Light).—For the record of the artillery service of this regiment, see 19th Infantry.
Fourth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonels, Thomas D. Doubleday, Gustavus A. De Russy, Henry H. Hall, John C. Tidball; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry H. Hall, Thomas Allcock; Majors, Thomas Allcock, Thomas D. Sears, Seward F. Gould, Ulysses D. Doubleday, Edward F. Young, Frank Williams, Derrick F. Hamlink, William Arthur, Henry T. Lee, Henry E. Richmond. This regiment, from the state at large, and originally known as Doubleday's heavy artillery, was organized at New York city. Only eight companies were at first organized, which were mustered into the U. S. service at Port Richmond, L. I., between November, 1861, and February, 1862, for three years. Before it left the state Co. G was consolidated into Co. H, and a new Co. G joined the regiment at Washington, D. C., where it was mustered in on October 25, 1862. The nth artillery battalion was assigned to this regiment on June 21, 1863, as Cos. I, K, L and M, completing the regimental organization. Companies G, H, I and K of the 8th artillery, 176 men of the 126th and 242 of the mth infantry were transferred to this regiment in June, 1865. The members of the original seven companies, except veterans reenlisted, were discharged on the expiration of their term of service, and the companies consisting of veterans and recruits, were retained in service. The regiment—seven companies—left the state on February 10, 1862, and served as heavy artillery and infantry in the defenses of Washington until 1864. It then joined the Army of the Potomac at the beginning of the Wilderness campaign and took part in every important battle leading up to the final surrender at Appomattox, being attached most of the time to the 2nd corps. In February, 1865, it took the place of the 7th N. Y. heavy artillery, as a part of the famous Irish brigade. It gained a splendid reputation as a hard fighting organization, being actively engaged at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, assaults on Petersburg, Weldon railroad. Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station, Amelia Springs, Deatonsville road, Farmville and Appomattox Court House. At Spottsylvania its casualties were 81 killed, wounded and missing; in the first assault on Petersburg, it lost 104 killed and wounded, and at Reams' station it had 17 killed, 32 wounded and 326 missing, the greatest loss of any regiment engaged. In the Appomattox campaign its losses in killed and wounded aggregated 102. It suffered a total loss by death during service of 8 officers and 117 men, killed and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 335 men died of disease and other causes; and 97 died in Confederate prisons. After the close of the war the regiment served in De Russy's division, 22nd corps, in garrison duty, until finally mustered out at Washington, D. C., under Colonel Tidball, September 26, 1865.
Fifth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonels, Samuel Graham, Edward Murray; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward Murray. Henry B. Mcllvaine; Majors, Henry B. Mcllvaine, Eugene McGrath, Frederick C. Wilkie, Casper Urban, Henry B. Wilder, Gustavus F. Merriam, John H. Graham, William H. Boyle. This regiment, known as the 2nd regiment, Jackson heavy artillery, was organized in New York city, the first two battalions being recruited principally in the counties of New York and Kings by Colonels Graham and Murray, and the 70th militia contributing a number of men to the regiment. These battalions were mustered into the U. S. service in April, 1862, for three years. The regimental organization was completed on December 31, 1862, by the transfer of the 3d battalion of Black River artillery, forming Cos. K, L and M. These companies had been recruited in the counties of Jefferson and Lewis, and mustered into the U. S. service at Sacket's Harbor, September 11-12, for three years. The members of the original eight companies, except veterans, were mustered out on the expiration of their term of service, the veterans and recruits being continued in service. The first eight companies organized were employed for the first two months in garrisoning the different fortifications in New York harbor. In the latter part of May, 1862, they went to Baltimore, Maryland. On June 19, Cos. A and F were detached and under the command of Major Mcllvaine were sent to Harper's Ferry, where they were surrendered in September, 1862, at the time of Stonewall Jackson's capture of that place. They subsequently rejoined the regiment at Baltimore, after being paroled. The 3d battalion was stationed in the defenses of Washington for nearly a year, but was ordered to Harper's Ferry, in November, 1863, where it was joined the following April by the other two battalions, the regiment being employed in guarding Maryland heights and in fatigue duties. The 1st battalion—Cos. A, B, C and D—was detached in May, 1864, for service in the field with the 1st brigade, 1st division, Army of West Virginia (8th corps), and fought at Piedmont, Lexington, Buchanan, Lynchburg, Liberty and Salem. On the occasion of Early's attack on Harper's Ferry in July, the regiment performed excellent service and sustained a considerable loss. On July 29, 1864, the 1st battalion was relieved in the field by the 2nd—Cos. E, F, G and H —under command of Major Urban, and the latter took part in all the great battles of the valley under General Sheridan, being active at Snicker's ferry, where it lost 69 killed, wounded and missing, at Winchester, Martinsburg, Cedar creek, Charlestown, Halltown, Berryville, the Opequan, where it lost 43, Fisher's hill, two actions at Cedar creek in October, loss 53, and 309 respectively, 301 being captured in the second engagement. On October 28, the battalion returned to Harper's Ferry. The regiment served both as infantry and heavy artillery and was mustered out at Harper's Ferry, July 19, 1865, under command of Colonel Graham. It lost during service 98 men killed and died of wounds; 1 officer and 293 enlisted men died of disease, accidents, and other causes; total deaths, 392, of whom 76 died as prisoners.
Sixth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonels, William H. Morris, J. Howard Kitching, George C. Kibbe, Stephen D. Baker; Lieutenant-Colonels, J. Howard Kitching, Ralph E. Prime, Edward R. Travis, Edward B. Williston, James B. Campbell, George C. Kibbe, Stephen D. Baker; Majors, J. H. Robinson, Edward R. Travis, Frederick Shonnard, James B. Campbell, Absalom A. Crookston, George C. Kibbe, Stephen D. Baker, Edmund Y. Morris, Ferd. R. Hassler, C. H. Palmer, Edward Jones. This regiment, known as the Anthony Wayne Guard, was recruited in the summer of 1862 in the counties of Putnam, Rockland and Westchester. It was organized at Yonkers as the 135th infantry and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, September 2, 1862. It was converted into an artillery regiment in October and designated the 6th regiment of artillery, two additional companies recruited for it being mustered in on December 4. After the consolidation of Co. M and Co. A in January, 1864, a new Co. M, composed of men recruited by M. R. Pierce for the 14th N. Y. artillery, was transferred to it, and in February, 1864, about 400 of the surplus men of the 14th and 16th artillery were also transferred to this regiment. On June 28, 1865, the men whose terms would expire on October 1, were mustered out at Petersburg, under command of Colonel Kibbe, the veterans and recruits being formed into a battalion of four companies. On July 19, 1865, the remaining members of the 10th and 13th artillery were transferred to this battalion, and this consolidated force was mustered out on August 24, near Washington, D. C, under command of Colonel Baker. The regiment—ten companies—left the state on September 5, 1862, and Cos. L and M joined it at Baltimore in December. It served with the 8th corps at Harper's Ferry and in the defenses of the Upper Potomac until July, 1863, when it was attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, and in August, to the reserve artillery, Army of the Potomac, employed as ammunition guard. It took part in an action at Manassas gap in July, 1863, and in the Mine Run campaign in November. Then, as infantry and heavy artillery, it served until July, 1864, with the 5th corps, Army of the Potomac, being active in all the battles leading up to the investment of Petersburg, including the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, where its casualties amounted to 18 killed, 131 wounded and 6 missing, the North Anna, where it lost 17 killed, 99 wounded and 17 missing, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, and the assault on Petersburg in June, with a loss of 92. In July it was attached to the 1st brigade, Hardin's division. 22nd corps, and in August was ordered to Washington for garrison duty, remaining there for five weeks, when it was ordered to join the Army of the Shenandoah, attached to the 1st brigade, Kitching's provisional division, and later to the 2nd brigade, Ferrero's division, Army of the James, at Bermuda Hundred. In the battle of Cedar creek it was heavily engaged, losing 94 killed, wounded and missing, both Colonel Kitching and Major Jones being mortally wounded. It was present at the fall of Petersburg on April 2, 1865. The regiment lost by death during service 6 officers and 130 men killed and mortally wounded; 6 officers and 278 men died of disease, accident, in prison, etc., a total of 420.
Seventh Artillery (Heavy).—Colonels, Lewis O. Morris, Joseph S. Conrad, Edward A. Springsteed, Richard C. Duryea; Lieutenant-Colonels, John Hastings, Edward A. Springsteed, Joseph M. Murphy, John F. Mount; Majors, Edward A. Springsteed, Samuel A. Anable, E. Willard Smith, Francis Pruyn. John F. Mount, Joseph M. Murphy, Abram Sickles, Charles W. Hobbs. This regiment, known as the Albany county regiment, or Seymour Guard, was recruited in the summer of 1862 by Colonel Morris and was first designated the 113th infantry. It rendezvoused at Albany and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, August 18, 1862. It was changed to an artillery regiment on December 19. and two new companies were organized and attached to the regiment, one on August 6. 1863, and the other on January 19, 1864. The whole command was recruited in the county of Albany. On June 26, 1865, all members whose terms would expire October 1, 1865, were mustered out and the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of four companies under Colonel Duryea. This battalion, commanded by Major Mount, was mustered out at Federal hill, Baltimore, August 1, 1865. This regiment is included by Colonel Fox, "Regimental Losses in the Civil War," in his list of three hundred fighting regiments. He says: '-It moved to Washington, August 19, 1862, where it was immediately assigned to duty in the forts near the city. * * * The 7th remained on garrison duty in various forts near Washington until May 15, 1864, when it was ordered to the front to serve as infantry. It marched out of Washington with 67 officers, 6 non-commissioned staff and 1,768 muskets, joining Grant's army at Spottsylvania May 17th. It was assigned to Tyler's division, but was transferred a few days later to Barlow's splendid division, and at one time—in September, 1864, it was attached to the famous Irish brigade. It served with Barlow until February 22, 1865, when it was withdrawn from the front and ordered to Baltimore, where it garrisoned Fort McHenry until after the close of the war. During its first hundred days of service in the field—from Spottsylvania to Reams' station—the 7th lost 1,254 'n killed, wounded and missing. The casualties at Cold Harbor, including the loss in the trenches, amounted to 45 killed, 259 wounded, and 114 missing, a total of 418. Colonel Morris was killed there the day after the assault, while passing along the trenches. He was an officer of the regular army and a son of the Captain Morris who was killed at Monterey." Among other extraordinary losses incurred by the regiment were 135 killed, wounded and missing at Totopotomy, 501 in the assaults on Petersburg in June, and 94 at Reams' station. It ranks third among the nine heavy artillery regiments which sustained the greatest loss in killed and mortally wounded in the war, having lost 14 officers and 277 men, or a total of 291; 4 officers and 378 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 677, of whom 2 officers and 214 men died as prisoners.
Eighth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonels, Peter A. Porter, Willard W. Bates, James M. Willett, Joel B. Baker; Lieutenant-Colonels, Willard W. Bates. James M. Willett, Lawrence Kipp, Joel B. Baker, Joseph W. Holmes; Majors, James M. Willett, Joel B. Baker, S. Dexter Ludden, Edwin L. Blake, Joseph W. Holmes, James Low, Jr., Erastus M. Spaulding, Henry M. Starr. This regiment was recruited by Colonel Porter in the summer of 1862, in the counties of Genesee, Niagara and Orleans. It was organized at Lockport as the 129th infantry and was there mustered into the U. S. service Aug 22, 1862, for three years. It was changed to heavy artillery in December, and two additional companies were organized at Lockport in Dec, 1863, and January, 1864, and mustered in for one and three years, respectively. These companies, designated L and M, joined the regiment in February, 1864. Few regiments in the service achieved a higher reputation for hard fighting and efficiency than this splendid organization. Says Colonel Fox, who includes it among the three hundred fighting regiments: "The regiment performed garrison duty until May, 1864, when it was sent with the other heavy artillery commands to the front to reinforce General Grant. It was in action for the first time at Spottsylvania. Virginia, where it lost 8 killed, 21 wounded and 4 missing. At Cold Harbor the 8th lost 80 killed, 339 wounded and 86 missing; total, 505—it having twelve large companies engaged there. In that battle Colonel Porter led the regiment in its grand charge upon the enemy's works and fell dead in the extreme advance. Eight officers were killed in that action. In the assault on Petersburg the regiment made another gallant attack on the Confederate lines, in which Colonel Bates and Major Blake fell mortally wounded. In the actions around Petersburg in June, 1864, the regiment lost 42 killed, 261 wounded and 5 missing, a total of 308. Though known as an artillery regiment, the men carried rifles and were drilled as infantry. When they took the field, their full ranks—twelve companies of 150 men each—made them a very efficient organization, but their heavy losses in action soon reduced their long lines, until but few were left to witness the last fight at Appomattox. During all its service in the field, in 1864-65, the regiment was attached to the 2nd division (Gibbon's) of the 2nd corps." In addition to the severe losses enumerated above, the regiment lost 6 killed, 28 wounded and 210 missing at Reams' station; 5 killed, 32 wounded and 11 missing at Boydton plank road, not to mention the constant losses sustained in the trenches before Petersburg. During its term of service it lost 19 officers and 342 men killed and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 298 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 663. Including the mortally wounded, it had 37 officers and 707 men wounded. It also sustained an unusually heavy loss in prison, having 1 officer and 113 men die in the hands of the enemy. In killed and mortally wounded, the 8th suffered the most severely of any of the New York heavy artillery regiments, and ranks second in the whole list of such regiments in killed and mortally wounded. Its percentage of killed, 14.o, is only exceeded by that of one other New York organization, the 126th infantry, with a percentage of 14.7. The total enrollment of the 8th was 2,575. On June 5, 1865, Cos. A to K were mustered out at Munson's hill, Virginia, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Holmes, and those not mustered out were transferred to the 4th N. Y. artillery and 10th N. Y. infantry (q. v.).
Ninth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonels, Joseph Welling, William H. Seward, Jr., Edwin P. Taft, J. W. Snyder; Lieutenant-Colonels, William H. Seward, Jr. Edwin P. Taft, James W. Snyder, William Wood; Majors, Edwin P. Taft, Truman Gregory, William Wood, Anson S. Wood, William R. Wasson, Charles Burgess, Sullivan B. Lamoreaux. James Snyder, Irwin Squyer. This was one of the most gallant regiments sent out by the Empire State. It was recruited in August, 1862, by Colonel Welling as the 138th infantry in the counties of Cayuga and Wayne, Co. M, originally organized at Lockport as the 22nd light battery, being transferred to the 9th in February, 1863. The regiment was organized at Auburn and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, September 8-9, 1862. Co. L was organized at Albany in 1863, and joined the regiment in December of that year. The regiment—ten companies—left the state on September 12, 1862, and was stationed in the fortifications about Washington, where it was converted into an artillery regiment on December 9, and designated the 9th regiment of artillery ten days later. Its active service in the field commenced in May, 1864, after which it took part in the following battles: Cold Harbor, Monocacy, the Opequan, Cedar creek, siege of Petersburg, fall of Petersburg, Sailor's creek. Fort Stevens, Snicker's gap, Charlestown, Halltown, Smithfield, Hatcher's run and Appomattox. Colonel Fox, in his "Regimental Losses in the Civil War," includes it in the list of three hundred fighting regiments, and says: "During its stay within the defenses of Washington, the 9th built Forts Simmons, Mansfield, Bayard, Gaines and Foote. On May 18, 1864, the regiment left Alexandria, Virginia, for the front, where it was assigned soon after its arrival, to Colonel B. F. Smith's (3d) brigade, Ricketts' (3d) division, 6th corps; with which it took part in the storming of the earthworks _ at Cold Harbor, its first experience under fire. Only two battalions were engaged there, the 3d, under Major Snyder—Cos. C, I, L and F—having been ordered on detached service with the artillery brigade; the other two battalions were armed and drilled as infantry—loss at Cold Harbor, 16 killed, 126 wounded and 6 missing. The 3d battalion did not rejoin the regiment until October 3, 1864, the other eight companies, in the meanwhile, having fought in the bloody battles of the Monocacy and the Opequan. At Cedar creek the three battalions were again united, the gallant bearing of the regiment in that battle evoking special mention in the official report of the division general. It lost in that action, 43 killed and 165 wounded, and at the Opequan it lost 6 killed and 36 wounded." The regiment sustained a total loss by death during service of 453, of whom 7 officers and 196 men were killed and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 246 men died of disease and other causes, including 41 who died in Confederate prisons. Its total of killed and wounded amounted to 824, and it was one of the nine heavy artillery regiments in the war whose loss in killed exceeded 20o. Its loss of 305 killed, wounded and missing was the greatest sustained by any regiment in the battle of Monocacy. The regiment was mustered out, under Colonel James W. Snyder, at Washington, D. C., July 6, 1865, those not entitled to discharge having been consolidated into four companies and transferred to the 2nd N. Y. artillery on June 27. The total enrollment of the Ninth was 3,227.
Tenth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonel, Alexander Piper; Lieutenant-Colonels, Joseph Spratt, G. De Peyster Arden; Majors, Joseph Spratt, James B. Campbell, Thomas W. Osborne, Charles C. Abell, G. De Peyster Arden, S. R. Cowles. This regiment, known as the Black River artillery, or the Jefferson county regiment, was organized on December 31, 1862, of the 1st, 2nd and 4th battalions, Black River artillery, the battalions having been organized at Sacket's Harbor in September, and the consolidation took place on December 27. The men were recruited in the counties of Jefferson and Lewis and were mustered into the U. S. service for three years as follows: Cos. A, B, C, D, E, F, G and M on September 11, at Sacket's Harbor; H and I on September 12; at Staten island; Co. K on November 12, and Co. L on December 27, at Fort Schuyler. The 2nd and 4th battalions left the state on Sept . 17, 1862, and were at once assigned to garrison duty in the forts about Washington; the 1st battalion garrisoned Fort Richmond and Sandy Hook, N. Y. harbor until June, 1863, when it joined the others at Washington. In the latter part of May, 1864, the regiment was sent to the front with the other heavy artillery commands to reinforce General Grant and on its arrival was assigned, first to the 4th brigade, 1st division, and on June 24 to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 18th corps. It was in action for the first time at Cold Harbor, where it lost 9 killed and wounded, and in the assault on Petersburg in June it sustained a loss of 43 killed and wounded. On August 13, 1864, it was withdrawn from the front and assigned to the 1st brigade, De Russy's division. 22nd corps; it joined the provisional division of the Army of the Shenandoah on September 27; was engaged with small loss at Cedar creek; was assigned in December to the 2nd brigade, Ferrero's division, Army of the James, at Bermuda Hundred; and was actively engaged in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865, losing 90 killed, wounded and missing. While in the works before Petersburg, from June 15 to August 13, 1864, and from Dec, 1864, to April 2, 1865. it sustained losses, amounting in the aggregate to 11 killed, 76 wounded and 1 missing, a total of 88. Though known as an artillery regiment, the men were armed and drilled as infantry. Under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Arden, the 10th was mustered out at Petersburg on June 23, 1865, except recruits, which were consolidated into three companies and transferred to the 6th N. Y. artillery on June 27. The regiment lost during service 47 men killed and mortally wounded; 2 officers and 218 men died of disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 267.
Eleventh Artillery (Heavy).—Authority to recruit this regiment was given to Major William B. Barnes on February 7, 1863, with headquarters at Rochester. Only four companies were organized, however, when the authority was revoked, July 25, 1863, and the companies were transferred to the 4th N. Y. artillery (q. v.). A number of recruits for the regiment not yet assigned to companies were transferred to the 13th N. Y. artillery.
Twelfth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonel Robert P. Gibson was authorized on March 31, 1863, to recruit this regiment, but the authority was revoked on June 22 and the men enlisted were transferred to the 15th N. Y. .artillery (q. v.).
Thirteenth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonel, William A. Howard; Lieutenant Colonel, James J. Walsh; Majors, Oliver Wetmore, Jr., Ferdinand R. Hassler, Robert W. McLaughlin. This regiment was recruited from the state at large and organized at New York city, the various companies being mustered into the U. S. service for three years as follows: A, B and C at Staten island on August 12 and 29, and September 11, 1863; D at Elmira on August 4, 1863; E, F, G and H at Fort Schuyler in February and March, 1864; I at New York city, November 10, 1863; K at Riker's island, February 21, 1864; L at Norfolk, Virginia, June 11, 1864; and M in December 1863. The men enlisted by Major H. B. Williams for the nth N. Y. artillery were transferred to this regiment on July 29, 1863, as were also the men enlisted for the 29th N. Y. veteran infantry, and the members of the incomplete 36th independent N. Y. battery, in October. The regiment left the state by detachments, the 1st battalion, Cos. A, B, C and D, leaving on October 5, 1863, and with the 2nd battalion garrisoned the defenses of Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia, and New Berne, N. C. From May, 1864, Cos. A and H served as siege artillery in the 3d division, 18th corps, Army of the James, forming part of the forces for the defense of Bermuda Hundred. The 3d battalion of the regiment, under command of Major Robert W. McLaughlin, consisting of Cos. I, K, L and M, and numbering about 500 men, after serving as a coast-guard on board vessels of war along the Atlantic coast, formed the celebrated naval brigade, Army of the James, from July, 1864. The battalion was made up of sailors enlisted for service on the light-draft gunboats built by Norman Wiard to penetrate otherwise inaccessible places. Portions of the regiment took part in engagements in the operations against Petersburg and Richmond; Swift creek, N. C.; Day's Point, Virginia; Fort Fisher, N. C.; and the fall of Petersburg. Its losses during service were 3 killed and 12 wounded, 2 of the latter mortally; 3 officers and 144 men died of disease and other causes; total, 152. The only officer killed was Captain John A. Gordon, who lost his life in the action at Swift creek. Cos. I, K, L and M, and the men of the other companies whose terms would expire October 1, 1865, were mustered out, under Colonel Howard, June 28, 1865; those remaining in service were consolidated into a battalion of five companies and transferred to the 6th N. Y. artillery. Lieutenant J. L. De Peyster raised the first flag over Richmond when the city surrendered in 1865.
Fourteenth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonel, Elisha G. Marshall; Lieutenant Colonels, Clarence H. Corning, William H. Reynolds, George M. Randall; Majors, William H. Reynolds, Henry V. Pemberton, Job C. Hedges, George M. Randall, Joseph P. Cleary, William H. Trowbridge, Lorenzo I. Jones, David Jones, Albion Howe. This regiment was organized at Rochester, and was chiefly recruited in the counties of Monroe, Yates, St. Lawrence and Jefferson. Its ranks contained many men who had served in the two years' organizations. Although recruiting commenced in June, 1863, the organization of the regiment was not completed until January, 1864, the companies being mustered into the U. S. service between August 29, 1864, and January 17, 1865, at Rochester, for three years. It is numbered among the three hundred fighting regiments of the war by Colonel Fox, who says: "It garrisoned the forts in New York harbor until April 23, 1864, when it was ordered to the front and was assigned to the 9th corps, joining it at Warrenton, Virginia. On May 2, 1864, it started for the Rapidan. The regiment was in line at the Wilderness, but was only partially engaged. It was actively engaged, however, the next week at Spottsylvania {then in Stevenson's division), and two weeks later suffered heavily at Cold Harbor, where it lost 15 killed, 43 wounded and 16 missing. On June 17, 1864, the 14th distinguished itself by its brilliant and successful charge on the works at Petersburg; loss 38 killed, 152 wounded, 60 missing; total, 250. Major Job C. Hedges was killed in this charge while bravely leading his battalion. At the mine explosion the regiment was selected to lead the assault at the crater and was the first to plant its colors on the enemy's works, where it captured a Confederate flag. Its casualties in this action were 10 killed, 44 wounded and 78 missing; total, 132. The 14th was on duty in the trenches, losing men daily in the constant and deadly firing which prevailed there. It also occupied Fort Stedman at the time of the Confederate sortie, March 25, 1865, and when surrounded there by the enemy, the men fought their way through the opposing lines until they reached Fort Haskell, where, in company with the remainder of the regiment which was on duty there, they succeeded in holding that important position. At the Weldon railroad the regiment was in White's division and sustained a loss of 6 killed, 40 wounded and 3 missing; total, 49." The regiment took part in the following battles: Wilderness, Spottsylvania. the North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, first assault on Petersburg, mine explosion, Weldon railroad, Peebles' farm, Fort Stedman, and the fall of Petersburg. It was also present at Ny river, Totopotomy, Boydton road, and Hatcher's run. The total enrollment of the regiment was 2,506 officers and men; total of killed and wounded, 861; killed and mortally wounded, 226; died of disease and other causes, 301; died in Confederate prisons, 84. It was one of the nine heavy artillery regiments whose loss in killed exceeded 20o; its loss of 15 killed, 43 wounded, and 61 missing, June 1, 1864, at Bethesda Church, was one of the heaviest sustained in that battle. Under command of Colonel Marshall, the regiment was mustered out on August 26, 1865, at Washington, D. C. The gallant Colonel Marshall was brevetted major-general, from March 13, 1865.
Fifteenth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonels, Louis Schirmer, Michael Weidrich; Lieutenant-Colonels, Michael Weidrich, Louis Eiche; Majors, Emit Duysing, William D. Dickey, Leander Shamberger, Louis Eiche, Calvin Shaffer. Julius Dieckman. This fine German regiment was organized at New York city, the members being principally recruited in the counties of New York, Orange, and Sullivan. The 3d battalion of artillery, recruited in New York city in 1861, and which had been performing garrison duty in the defenses of Washington, was transferred to the 15th as Cos. A, B, C, D and E on September 30, 1863; on June 23. 1863, a company enlisted for the 12th N. Y. artillery was assigned to the regiment as Co. F; and October 14, 1863, the 2nd and 34th batteries were likewise transferred to it. The companies were mustered into the U. S. service for three years as follows: A, B, C, D and E at New York city, between October 14 and December 19, 1861; and the remaining companies from August 27, 1863, to January 30, 1864. The original members of Co. A to E were mustered out on the expiration of their term of enlistment and the remainder of the regiment continued in service. When assigned to the regiment, Cos. A to E were on duty at Fort Lyon, Virginia, and the other companies joined them there as soon as organized. The regiment performed garrison duty until March, 1864, when it joined the Army of the Potomac at the front, where it was assigned to the 5th corps, to which it was attached throughout the remainder of the war, most of the time assigned to Ayres' (2nd) division. The regiment took part in the engagements of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, White Oak swamp, first assault on Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Poplar Grove Church, Hicksford raid, Hatcher's run, and the Appomattox campaign, including actions at Five Forks, the fall of Petersburg and Appomattox Court House. Throughout this series of battles it was conspicuous for its steadiness and bravery, and sustained severe losses. At Spottsylvania its casualties were 160 in killed, wounded and missing, among the mortally wounded being the gallant Major Shamberger. In the assault on the works of Petersburg in June, 1864, it lost 85 killed and wounded; at the Weldon railroad, 14 killed, 75 wounded and 5 missing; at White Oak road, 18 killed, 81 wounded and 11 missing, among the mortally wounded being Major Duysing. The regiment also lost heavily in the trenches before Petersburg from the constant and deadly firing which prevailed there, having 83 men killed, wounded and missing from this source. It lost by death during service 8 officers and 148 men, killed and mortally wounded; 5 officers and 225 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 13 officers and 373 men, of whom 63 men died in the hands of the enemy. A number of men were accidentally killed by the explosion of a magazine at Fort Lyon, Virginia, June 9, 1863. Under the command of Major Dieckman, the regiment was mustered out at Washington, D. C., August 22, 1865.
Sixteenth Artillery (Heavy).—Colonel, Joseph J. Morrison; Lieutenant Colonels, John H. Ammon, Thomas J. Strong, Frederick W. Prince; Majors, Alexander H. Davis, Charles E. Pearce, Thomas J. Strong, Julius C. Hicks, Frederick W. Prince, James C. Caryl. The 16th was raised by Colonel Joseph J. Morrison, who had previously distinguished himself as captain of a light battery in the 3d N. Y. artillery. The regiment was organized at New York city, the men being recruited from the state at large, and the companies were mustered into the U. S. service for three years as follows: A and B September 28, C October 21, and D December 7, at Albany; E and G December 16, 1863. and January 9, 1864, respectively, at Riker's island; F, H, I and K January 19 to February 2, 1864, at Elmira; L and M January 26, 1864, at Auburn. It had a large number of surplus men, part of whom were transferred to the 6th N. Y. artillery in February, 1864, and others to the 81st and 148th N. Y. infantry and the 1st mounted rifles in May, 1864. The regiment left the state. by detachments, between October 14, 1863, and February, 1864, and for several months performed garrison duty at Fortress Monroe, Yorktown and Gloucester Point, serving as heavy artillery and infantry. In July, 1864, seven companies were assigned to the 2nd brigade, Terry's (1st) division, 10th corps, and two companies to the 1st brigade, 3d division, same corps. On August 9, 1864, when General B. F. Butler called for volunteers to cut the Dutch gap canal through the peninsula in the James river near Farrar's island, with a view to outflanking the enemy's batteries and the obstructions in the river, Cos. A, B, C, F, G and K responded, and 600 men were selected from them to perform the perilous task. During the progress of the work, they were exposed to the enemy's fire, and only protected themselves by throwing up the dirt from the canal as fast as possible, living in "gopher holes" along the river bank. They were withdrawn after several of the men had been killed and wounded, though Major Strong still continued in charge of the work and Major Prince in command of the battalion. In October, 1864, seven companies were heavily engaged with Terry's division at Darbytown road, sustaining a loss of 11 killed and 54 wounded, and in the action at the same place a few days later lost 13 killed and wounded. From July 27 to Dec, 1864, when the regiment was before Petersburg and Richmond, it sustained constant small losses, aggregating 30 killed, wounded and missing. From Dec, 1864, Cos. A, B, C, F, G and K served in the 1st division, 24th corps, and another detachment in the artillery brigade, same corps, engaging with some loss at Fort Fisher, the Cape Fear intrenchments, Fort Anderson, and near Wilmington, N. C. In July, 1865, the various detachments of the regiment were united and on August 21, 1865, commanded by Colonel Morrison, it was mustered out at Washington, D. C. The 16th lost by death during service 42 men killed in action; 2 officers and 284 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 328.
First Marine Artillery.—Colonel, William A. Howard; _ Lieutenant-Colonel, Horace A. Manchester; Major, Charles E. Mears. This regiment was raised and organized at New York city by Colonel Howard for service on gunboats, which were to be provided for it. Most of the men were recruited in New York city, some in Buffalo, Newark, N. J., Chicago, III., and Washington, D. C. They were mustered into the U. S. service from November 12, 1861, to August 18, 1862, for three years. The regiment—ten companies—left the state by detachments during 1861 and 1862; served at Annapolis, Maryland, and from August, 1862, in North Carolina, attached to the 18th and 10th corps, portions of it taking part in the following engagements: Roanoke island, Elizabeth City, New Berne, Elizabeth, siege of Fort Macon, South Mills, Tranter's creek, Swift creek, Neuse river, Washington, near Shiloh, Rawle's mills, expedition to Goldsboro, Kinston and Folly island, and several minor affairs. The regiment was disbanded in March, 1863. It lost during service 1 officer and 14 men killed in action; 2 men mortally wounded; 1 officer and 72 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 90.
First Battalion Heavy Artillery.—Lieutenant-Colonel, Andrew Brickell; Major, Albert Arndt. This battalion was raised and organized in New York city in the summer of 1861 and was mustered into the U. S. service from Aug 12 to September 20, for three years. The battalion—Cos. A, B, C and D—left the state on October 20, and remained at Washington until the spring of 1862. In March, 1863, the battalion organization was discontinued, and the companies were designated: A, the 29th; B, the 30th; C, the 31st; and D, the 32nd, independent batteries of light artillery, respectively. Following is the record of these four batteries:
Twenty-ninth Independent Battery.—Captains, Otto Diedrich, Bernhard Wever. This battery took part in the siege of Yorktown and the Peninsular campaign attached to the artillery reserve of the 5th corps, being engaged at Mechanicsville, Garnett's farm, Glendale and Malvern Hill. In reserve it was present at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Pollock's Mill creek, Marye's heights and Salem Church. In July, 1863, it was attached to the 32nd battery, with which it was engaged near Martinsburg, at Harper's Ferry and Maryland heights. On August 15, 1864, the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 32nd battery. During its term of service the battalion lost 2 men killed in action, and 1 officer and 3 men died of disease and other causes.
The 30th Independent battery took part in the siege of Yorktown and the succeeding Peninsular campaign, attached to the artillery reserve of the 5th corps. It fought at Mechanicsville, Garnett's farm, Glendale and Malvern hill with a loss of 9 killed and wounded. Still in the reserve it was present at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Marye's heights and Salem Church. Attached to the 8th corps, Army of West Virginia after July, 1863, it fought at New Market, Piedmont, Lynchburg, Buford's gap, Salem, Harper's Ferry, Maryland heights, Charlestown, Bunker Hill and Martinsburg. In October, 1864, the veterans and recruits of the 31st battery were transferred to it, thus filling its ranks depleted by the muster-out of the original members (except veterans). Captain Adolph Voegele was dismissed on August 3, 1863, and was succeeded by Captain Alfred Von Kleiser, who was discharged on May 15, 1865. The battery was mustered out at New York city, June 23, 1865, commanded by Lieutenant Conrad Carrolin, having lost in service 8 men killed and mortally wounded, and 12 men who died of disease and other causes.
Thirty-first Independent Battery.—Captains. John Knierim, Charles Kusserow, Robert Langner, Gustav Von Blucher. As a part of the artillery reserve of the Army of the Potomac, it took part in the siege of Yorktown; was then attached to the 3d brigade, artillery reserve, 5th corps, and participated in the Peninsular campaign of General McClellan, being engaged at Mechanicsville, Garnett's farm, Glendale and Malvern hill, with a loss of 4 wounded and 2 missing. It was present at Antietam, Boteler's ford and Fredericksburg, and at Franklin's crossing sustained a loss of g men captured. Attached to the 8th corps, Army of West Virginia it took part in the engagements at New Market, Piedmont, Lynchburg, Buford's gap, Salem, Harper's Ferry, Maryland heights, Charlestown, Bunker Hill and Martinsburg, during the summer of 1864, but sustained only slight loss. From January, 1864, it was attached to the 30th battery, and on October 25, 1864, the original members, except veterans, were mustered out, under command of Captain Von Blucher, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 30th. During its term of service it lost 5 enlisted men died of disease, and had 7 men wounded.
Thirty-second Independent Battery.—Captains. Edward Grimm, Robert Langner, Charles Kusserow, Patrick Hart. Attached to the artillery reserve of the Army of the Potomac, it took part in the siege of Yorktown and then embarked on the Peninsular campaign, with the artillery reserve of the 5th corps, fighting at Gaines mill, Garnett's farm and Malvern hill. With the reserve it was present at Antietam, Boteler's ford, Shepherdstown, Fredericksburg (where it lost 2 men mortally and one slightly wounded). Pollock's Mill creek, Marye's heights and Salem Church. Attached to the 8th corps. Army of West Virginia in the summer of 1864, it was engaged at Martinsburg and Harper's Ferry. On the expiration of its term of enlistment the original members were mustered out, and its ranks were filled by the transfer of the veterans and recruits from the 29th battery on August 15, 1864, and the 15th battery on February 4, 1865. The consolidated organization was mustered out on July 14, 1865, at New York city, commanded by Captain Hart. During its term of service the battery lost 2 men mortally wounded, and 4 men died of disease and other causes.
Second Battalion Light Artillery.—Major, Thomas O'Neill; Captains, William H. Hogan, Michael Mitchell, Henry J. McMahon, William O'Donoghue. This battalion, known as the Irish Brigade batteries, originally consisted of four batteries and was recruited in the fall of 1861, in New York city, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on December 9. The first plan was to raise an artillery company for each of the four regiments of the brigade. The battalion left the state on December 16, and on reaching Washington was consolidated into two batteries, designated A and B. In October, 1862, the battalion organization was discontinued, Battery A being constituted the 14th and Battery B, the 15th independent batteries.
Fourteenth Independent Battery.—Captains, William H. Hogan, James McKay Rorty. The battery served with Richardson's division, 2nd corps from March to May 26, 1862, when the first section was attached to Battery C, 4th U. S. artillery; the second to Battery G, and the third to Battery B, 1st N. Y. artillery. On January 16, 1863, the first section was transferred to Battery G, 1st N. Y., and in September these transfers were made permanent by order of the war department, the battery being discontinued. The battery took part in the siege of Yorktown, the Seven Days' battles. Antietam, Leesburg, Charlestown, Snicker's gap, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. It lost during service 2 officers and 3 men killed and mortally wounded, and 4 men died of disease.
Fifteenth Independent Battery.—Captains, Henry J. McMahon, Patrick Hart. One officer and 18 men were transferred to this battery from the 4th in Dec, 1863. On the expiration of its term of service the original members (except veterans) were mustered out, and the veterans and recruits consolidated with the 32nd battery on February 4, 1865. The 15th took part in the engagements at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, the Mine Run campaign, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, first assault on Petersburg and the Weldon railroad. It was before Petersburg from June to November, 1864, when it was withdrawn from the front and returned to Washington, serving in the 22nd corps and the Department of West Virginia during the winter of 1864-65. It lost during service 9 men killed in action and 3 men from disease and other causes.
Third Battalion Heavy Artillery.—Lieutenant-Colonels, Adam Senges, Louis Schirmer. This battalion was composed of five companies recruited in New York city and mustered into the U. S. service between October 14 and December 19, 1861, for three years. It left the state on December 19, proceeded to Washington and garrisoned Fort Lyon, Virginia, until September 30, 1863—the date of its consolidation with the 15th N. Y. artillery (q. v.).
Fourth Battalion Heavy Artillery.—This battalion, known as the 1st battalion Black River artillery, was organized at Sacket's Harbor and served at Fort Richmond, N. Y. harbor until discontinued on December 31, 1862, when its four companies were transferred to the 10th N. Y. artillery as Cos. E, D, M and B, respectively. (See 10th artillery.)
Fifth Battalion Heavy Artillery.—This battalion, known as the 2nd battalion Black River artillery, consisting of Cos. A, B, C and D, was also organized at Sacket's Harbor in the fall of 1862; left the state on September 17, and served in the defenses of Washington until Dec, 1862, when it was discontinued and its companies assigned to the 10th N. Y. artillery as Cos. A, G, C and F, respectively. (See 10th artillery.)
Sixth Battalion Heavy Artillery.—This battalion, known as the 3d battalion Black River artillery, was also organized at Sacket's Harbor in the fall of 1862; left the state on September 17, served in the defenses of Washington until December 31, when it was discontinued and assigned to the 5th N. Y. artillery, as Cos. I. K, L and M, respectively. (See 5th artillery.)
Seventh Battalion Heavy Artillery.—This battalion, known as the 4th battalion Black River artillery, was organized at Sacket's Harbor and left the state on September 17, 1862, Cos. A, B and C serving in the defenses of Washington and Co. D at Fort Schuyler, N. Y. harbor, until December 31, when it was discontinued and assigned to the 10th N. Y. artillery as Cos. H, I, K and L, respectively. (See 10th artillery.)
Rocket Battalion of Artillery.—This battalion, known as General Barry's, consisting originally of three companies, was raised and organized at Albany in the early winter of 1861, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years. On December 5, the three companies were consolidated into two and the battalion, commanded by Major Thomas M. Lyon, left the state on the 9th. It served in the defenses of Washington and in North Carolina until February 11, 1863, when it was discontinued, its two companies being then officially designated the 23d and 24th batteries light artillery (q. v.).
First Independent Battery.—Captains, Terrence J. Kennedy, Andrew Cowan. This battery was recruited and organized at Auburn by Captain Kennedy in the fall of 1861. It was mustered into the U. S. service on November 23, for three years, and left the state on December 4. On the expiration of its term of service the original members, except veterans, were mustered out and the battery, composed of veterans and recruits, continued in service until June 23, 1865, when it was mustered out at Syracuse, N. Y., commanded by Captain Cowan. It was stationed during the winter of 1861-62 at Washington and in the spring of 1862 was assigned to the 6th corps, with which it moved on the Peninsular campaign, taking part in the siege of Yorktown, the battles of Lee's mill, Williamsburg and the Seven Days. On its return from the Peninsula it was subsequently engaged in the Maryland campaign, with small loss at Antietam and Fredericksburg. In the spring of 1863 it was assigned to the artillery brigade, 6th corps, and participated in the battles of Marye's heights, Salem Church, Deep Run crossing, Gettysburg (where it lost 12 killed and wounded), and in the subsequent Virginia campaigns, ending with that of Mine Run. Still with the 6th corps it fought through the bloody battles of the Wilderness campaign, leading up to the investment of Petersburg, where it was in the trenches from June 18 to July 9, 1864. It then took part in Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah, being engaged at the Opequan, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek besides numerous lesser engagements. At Cedar creek its loss was 23 killed and wounded. In January, 1865, it was again ordered to Petersburg, where it was engaged on March 25 with a loss of 5, and then took part in the Appomattox campaign ending with the surrender of Lee. It lost during service 2 officers and 18 men killed and mortally wounded; 38 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 58.
Second Independent Battery.—Captains, Louis Schirmer, Hermann Jahn. This battery, known as Blenker's, or Light Battery A, 1st artillery, was organized in August, 1861. Says Captain Phisterer in his account of the battery, "Varian's battery, the artillery company of the 8th militia, its term of service having expired, left the field on July 20, 1861, and its guns were left with the army of Northeastern Virginia. These guns were manned during the battle of Bull Run by detachments of the 8th and 29th N. Y. infantry, mainly of Co. H, of the latter regiment, under Captain Charles Bookwood, of the 29th N. Y. This battery was reorganized in the defenses of Washington, D. C., in August, 1861, and known by its synonyms. The men of the 8th and 29th N. Y. serving with it were transferred to it and additional men from the regiments of Brigadier-General Blenker's division were assigned to it. The battery, commanded by Captain Louis Schirmer, was mustered into the service of the United States for two years on August 16, 1861, and received from the state on December 7, 1861, its numerical designation." While serving with Blenker's division in the Mountain Department in June. 1862, it was engaged in the neighborhood of Strasburg, Woodstock, Mt. Jackson, Edenburg and Cross Keys, where it had 2 men killed. Soon after it was assigned to the nth corps, and took part in General Pope's Virginia campaign ending with the battle of second Bull Run. It took part in the battle of Chancellorsville with the 2nd division, nth corps, sustaining no casualties, and was on detached service at Gettysburg, where Lieutenant Theodore Blume was killed on the first day. On June 6, 1863, the members not entitled to discharge were attached to battery I, 1st N. Y. artillery, and the others were mustered out on June 13, at New York city. Its loss was 5 killed and 5 died of disease.
Third Independent Battery.—Captains, Thaddeus P. Mott, William Stuart. William A. Ham. This battery was recruited and organized in New York city soon after the outbreak of the war, leaving the state for Washington on May 19, 1861, commanded by Captain Mott. It was originally Co. D—the howitzer company—of the 2nd militia, later the 82nd N. Y. infantry, and served detached from the regiment until Dec, 1861. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Washington on June 17, 1861, for three years. As a part of the 82nd it participated in the first battle of Bull Run, and attached to W. T. Smith's brigade, Potomac division, it was twice in action at Lewinsville in September, 1861. The following spring it moved on the Peninsular campaign with the 2nd division, 6th corps, taking part in the siege of Yorktown, the battles of Lee's mill, Williamsburg. Chickahominy, and the Seven Days' battles, At Lee's mill it lost 11 men killed and wounded, and during the Seven Days' battles it performed gallant service under the personal command of Captain Mott, sustaining a loss of 10 men killed, wounded and missing at White Oak swamp bridge. At the end of the Peninsular campaign, Captain Mott resigned and was succeeded by Captain William Stuart. Attached to the 1st division, 4th corps, it took part in the battle of Antietam, in the battle of Fredericksburg it was with the 6th corps, and was attached to this corps during the remainder of its active service. In the spring of 1863 it moved on the Chancellorsville campaign, being engaged at Franklin's crossing, Marye's heights and Salem Church; then took part in the battle of Gettysburg, and the subsequent campaigns in Virginia, ending with that of Mine Run. In the spring of 1864, it took part in all the great battles of the Wilderness campaign, leading up to the siege of Petersburg. It' remained before Petersburg from June, 1864, to April 2, 1865, during which period it sustained a loss of 1 killed and 6 wounded. It then engaged in the Appomattox campaign, being active at the final assault on the works of Petersburg, Sailor's creek and Appomattox Court House. The original members (except veterans) had been mustered out on the expiration of their term of service and the battery, composed of veterans and recruits, was continued in service. On June 24, 1865, commanded by Captain Harn, it was mustered out at New York city, having lost 14 men killed and mortally wounded and 4 men who died of disease.
Fourth Independent Battery.—Captain, James E. Smith. This battery was variously known as Serrell's artillery, Parrott's battery, and Battery C (afterwards D), N. Y. artillery. A portion of the ist troop—Washington Greys—formed its nucleus and it was recruited and organized in New York city. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Staten island, October 24, 1861, for a term of three years and the following day left the state commanded by Captain Smith. It received its arms (Parrott guns) in October and in December some of the members of Busteed's Chicago battery were transferred to it. It served until July, 1863, with the 3d corps, and during the remainder of its term with the 2nd corps and the artillery reserve of the Army of the Potomac. It took part in the following engagements: Siege of Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' battles, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Auburn, Bristoe Station and the Mine Run campaign. It was discontinued on December 4, 1863, commanded by 1st Lieut . William T. McLean, and its members were transferred to the 1st N. Y. engineers, the 5th and 15th N. Y. batteries, and Battery B, 1st N. Y. artillery. The 4th lost during service 5 men killed and mortally wounded, and 1 officer and 11 men who died of disease and other causes. It especially distinguished itself at Gettysburg, where it materially aided in seizing and retaining Little Round Top, its loss during this battle being 2 killed, 10 wounded and 1 missing.
Fifth Independent Battery.—Captain, Elijah D. Taft. This battery, known as the First Excelsior Light Artillery, was organized in New York city and was originally intended to form part of the Excelsior brigade. Its members were recruited in the counties of New York, Kings and Westchester; it was mustered into the U. S. service November 8, 1861. for three years, and left the state a week later commanded by Captain Taft. On the expiration of its term of service the original members (except veterans) were mustered out and the battery, composed of veterans and recruits, continued in service. It was stationed at Washington during the winter 1861-62; served with the artillery reserve of the Army of the Potomac throughout the Peninsular campaign, taking part in the siege of Yorktown, the engagements at Fair Oaks, New bridge and the Seven Days' battles. Attached to the artillery reserve, 5th corps, it then embarked on the Maryland campaign, fighting at Antietam and Boteler's ford. In the artillery brigade, Army of the Potomac, it was active at Fredericksburg, Pollock's Mill creek, Marye's heights, Salem Church, Gettysburg (where it lost 3 killed), Rappahannock Station, and Mine Run. In May, 1864, it fought at the Wilderness and Spottsylvania. when it was ordered into the defenses of Washington until July. It then participated in Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah, being in action at Halltown, the Opequan, Fisher's hill, New Market and Cedar creek, where it saw its last fighting. Under command of Captain Taft it was mustered out at Hart's island, N. Y. harbor, July 6, 1865. During its term of service it lost 6 men killed and died of wounds, and 13 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 19.
Sixth Independent Battery.—Captains, Thomas W. Bunting, Walter M. Bramhall, Joseph W. Martin, Moses P. Clark. This battery, recruited at Rahway, N. J., and organized in New York city as the artillery company (K) of the 9th militia, later 83d N. Y. infantry, was mustered into the U. S. service June 15, 1861, for a term of three years. It left the state the next day and served with its regiment until August 25, when it was detached, and in December, was designated the 6th battery. In July, 1864, the men of the 10th battery were transferred to it. The 6th saw a large amount of active service, participating in over 40 battles and skirmishes. In 1861 it was active at Pritchard's mill, Point of Rocks, Bolivar heights and Ball's bluff; in 1862, with the 3d corps, it took part in the Peninsular campaign; in 1863, attached to the 1st brigade, Horse artillery, 2nd cavalry division, it took part in the Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Virginia campaigns, ending with Mine Run; in 1864, with the same command, it fought through the Wilderness campaign and was then ordered into the defenses of Washington. In October, 1864, it was engaged with the Army of the Shenandoah at Tom's brook, Cedar creek, and near Newtown, Virginia. The battery continued in the service as a veteran organization after its term expired and was finally mustered out on July 8, 1865, at Hart's island, N. Y. harbor, commanded by Captain Clark. During its term of service it lost 8 men killed and mortally wounded, and 9 men who died of disease and other causes.
Seventh Independent Battery.—Captain, Peter C. Regan. This battery was recruited principally in the counties of Orange and Ulster and was originally organized at Windsor as an artillery company of the 10th Legion, 56th N. Y. infantry. It was mustered into the U. S. service October 30, 1861, for three years, left the state commanded by Captain Regan on November 7, and continued in service as a veteran organization after the expiration of its term. It served with the 2nd division, 4th corps in the Peninsular campaign in 1862, losing 11 men killed, wounded and missing at the battle of Fair Oaks. It performed garrison service at Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia, until the spring of 1864, when it was attached to the 18th .corps, Army of the James, and took part in the operations against Petersburg and Richmond in May. It was active at the first assault on Petersburg, and remained in the trenches there until the final assault on April 2, 1865, participating meanwhile in action at Chaffin's farm. From January. 1865, it served in Ferrero's division in the defenses of Bermuda Hundred until ordered home. It was mustered out under Captain Regan, July 22, 1865, at Albany, N. Y., having lost 3 men killed and 28 by disease.
Eighth Independent Battery.—Captains, E. Butler Fitch, Peter Morton. This battery, recruited principally in the county of Delaware, was organized at Newburg as part of the 10th Legion, 56th N. Y. infantry, and was designated the 8th battery on December 7, 1861. It was mustered into the -U. S. service for three years, October 30, 1861; left the state commanded by Captain Fitch on November 7; proceeded to Washington, where it was assigned to Casey's division; and was with the 4th corps in the Peninsular campaign in 1862, sustaining a loss of 6 killed and wounded at Fair Oaks. It then performed garrison duty at Gloucester Point, Yorktown and Portsmouth, being engaged at Gloucester Court House and Baltimore cross-roads. A section of the battery served with the cavalry division, Army of the James, in the operations against Petersburg and Richmond in May, 1864. It continued in service as a veteran organization and was mustered out at Norfolk, Virginia, June 30, 1865, under command of Captain Morton. It lost during service i enlisted man died of wounds, and 40 men died of disease and other causes.
Ninth Independent Battery.—Captains, A. Von Morrozowitz, Emit Schubert. This battery was recruited and organized in New York city as Co. F, 41st N. Y. infantry, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Yorkville, June 6, 1861, for three years. It left the state on July 8, and was detached as an independent battery on November 7, 1861. It took part in no engagements, but served its term on garrison duty in the defenses of Washington. It was mustered out June 13, 1864, commanded by Captain Schubert, having lost 5 men died of disease.
Tenth Independent Battery.—Captain, John T. Bruen. A battery known under this designation was recruited by Captain Edwin S. Jenny late in 1861, but it became Battery F, 3d N. Y. artillery, early in 1862. The 2nd Excelsior battery, recruited and organized for the Excelsior brigade, at New York city, under authority dated October 1, 1861, was designated by the state authorities the 10th battery. It was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, April 9, 1862, and left the state the following day. Attached to the 2nd corps, Army of Virginia, it was active at Cedar mountain, and in Pope's Virginia campaign, fighting at Rappahannock Station, Rappahannock river, Sulphur Springs, Groveton and the second Bull Run. It was with the 12th corps at Antietam, and with the 3d corps at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, sustaining a loss of 13 wounded and 5 missing in the last named battle. It served by detachments in different batteries at Gettysburg, where it lost 2 killed and 3 wounded, and the remainder of its term was spent at Washington in garrison duty. On June 21, 1864, commanded by Lieutenant T. C. Bruen, it was transferred to the 6th N. Y. battery. It lost 3 men killed and 9 men by disease.
Eleventh Independent Battery.—Captains, Albert Von Putkammer John E. Burton, James T. Wyatt, George W. Davy. The nth, the Havelock battery, was formed on January 15, 1862, by the consolidation of two incomplete organizations—the independent battery, Flying Artillery, recruited at Albany under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, and the battery recruited about the same time by Captain Robert C. Warmington at Ashtabula, Ohio, and Buffalo, N. Y. The battery continued in service after the expiration of its term as a veteran organization. It left the state January 17, 1862, commanded by Captain Von Putkammer, and was stationed at Washington for a number of months. Attached to the reserve corps. Army of Virginia, it served in Pope's Virginia campaign, losing 23 wounded and captured at Manassas and Bull Run bridge. In November, 1862, it moved with the 3d corps to Falmouth, where it joined Burnside's army, and later took part in the battle of Fredericksburg without loss. In the artillery brigade of the same corps it was heavily engaged at Chancellorsville, losing 11 killed, wounded and missing; at Gettysburg, where it fought attached to Battery K, 1st N. Y. artillery, it lost 5 men wounded. It was active in the Mine Run campaign, and in 1864 it was engaged in all the battles of Grant's campaign from the Wilderness to Petersburg. It took part in the first assault on the works of Petersburg, after which it was engaged at the Weldon railroad, Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains. Its loss was 4 killed and wounded at Cold Harbor, 3 at the assault on Petersburg, and 1 at Strawberry Plains. In 1865 it was engaged in the last demonstrations on Petersburg and in the Appomattox campaign was engaged at White Oak ridge, Deatonsville road, Farmville and Appomattox Court House, but sustained no losses. The battery was mustered out on June 13, 1865, at Albany, under command of Captain Davy. Its loss during service was 6 killed, 2 died of wounds received in action, and 13 of disease and other causes.
Twelfth Independent Battery.—Captains, William H. Ellis, George F. McKnight, Charles A. Clark. This battery was organized at Albany and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on January 14, 1862. It continued in service after the expiration of its term as a veteran organization. Commanded by Captain Ellis, it left the state on January 17, 1862, and was stationed at Washington until the summer of 1863, when it was assigned to the artillery brigade of the 3d corps, with which it participated in the pursuit of Lee's army, after the battle of Gettysburg, being engaged at Wapping heights; was active in the minor engagement at Kelly's ford; took part in the futile Mine Run campaign; and in the same brigade, but attached to the 2nd corps, it fought through the battles from the Wilderness to Petersburg, losing 3 men at Spottsylvania, 4 at the North Anna, 1 at Cold Harbor, 11 at the Weldon railroad and 11 at Reams' station. From September, 1864, it formed part of the artillery reserve, Army of the Potomac, and took part in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. It was mustered out under command of Captain Clark, at Albany, N. Y., June 14, 1865, having lost 19 killed and died of wounds, and by disease.
Thirteenth Independent Battery.—Captains, Emil Stumpfels, Julius Dieckman, William Wheeler, Henry Bundy. This battery was recruited in the late summer of 1861 at New York city, as part of a battalion of artillery for E. D. Baker's brigade. Recruiting for the battalion was discontinued and all the men enlisted were united in Co. A, which was designated by the state as above in Dec, 1861. It was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, at New York city, October 15, 1861, and left the state two days later. Upon the expiration of its term, the men reenlisted at Bridgeport, Alabama, January 1, 1864, and the battery continued in service as a veteran organization. It served in the Army of the Potomac until April, 1862, when it was ordered to the Mountain Department, under General Fremont, and was active at the Rappahannock river. It was then assigned to the reserve artillery, 1st corps, and was engaged in June at Cross Keys and White House ford; took part in Pope's Virginia campaign, culminating in the battles around Manassas, its loss in this campaign being 1 killed and 12 wounded; was then withdrawn from the front for a few months, and attached to the artillery brigade of the nth corps. It was actively engaged at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, losing 15 killed, wounded and missing in the former battle, and 11 in the latter. On September 24, 1863, it moved with the nth corps to Tennessee and formed part of the forces that drove the enemy from the vicinity of Chattanooga, being engaged in Lookout valley and in the battle of Missionary ridge, after which it accompanied the troops sent to the relief of Knoxville. In April, 1864, when the nth and 12th corps were united to form the 20th corps, it was assigned to the 2nd division of the new corps, and took part in all the principal engagements of the corps from Chattanooga to Atlanta, including Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek and the siege of Atlanta. It suffered severe losses and its ranks were twice filled by details of infantry. After the fall of Atlanta, these details were returned to their regiments and the battery was left with an effective strength of only 86 men. It was ordered to garrison duty in the Department of the Cumberland in September, and fought its last engagement at Overall's creek, Tennessee, in Dec, 1864. The battery was mustered out at New York city, under command of Captain Bundy, July 28, 1865, having lost during its term of service 1 officer and 13 men killed and died of wounds; 16 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 29.
Fourteenth Independent Battery.—(See 2nd Battalion Light Artillery.)
Fifteenth Independent Battery.—(See 2nd Battalion Light Artillery.) Sixteenth Independent Battery.—Captains, Milo W. Locke, Frederick L. Hiller, Richard H. Lee. The 16th, "Dickinson's Light Artillery," was recruited and organized at Binghamton, during the winter of 1861-62, left the state on March 10, 1862, and on the 27th was mustered into the U. S. service at Washington for a term of three years, to date from December 10, 1861. It remained at Washington for a year and saw its first active service with the 7th corps during the siege of Suffolk in the spring of 1863. It was then stationed at Yorktown and Newport News until the summer of 1864, when it joined the army before Petersburg, as part of the 18th corps, participating in the first assault on the works in June. In the action at Chaffin's farm it had 4 men wounded; was again engaged on the Darby town road in October; then accompanied the 24th corps to North Carolina; was engaged in January and February, 1865, at Fort Fisher, Cape Fear, Fort Anderson and Wilmington; was attached to the provisional corps, on March 1, 1865, and moved on the campaign of the Carolinas. Its last active service was at Bennett's house, where General Johnston surrendered. It was mustered out at Elmira, July 6, 1865, under command of Captain Lee, having lost during its term of service 45 enlisted men who died of disease and other causes.
Seventeenth Independent Battery.—Captain, George T. Anthony. The 17th, or "Orleans Battery," was recruited and organized at Lockport in August, 1862, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for a term of three years on August 26. Three days later it left for Washington, where it remained for nearly two years engaged in garrison duty. On July 6, 1864, it joined the army before Petersburg, and was attached to the artillery brigade, 18th corps. It was in action at Chaffin's farm and in 1865 took part in the final Appomattox campaign, being active in the final assault on Petersburg, at Rice's station, Bush river and Appomattox Court House. It was mustered out at Richmond, Virginia, under Captain Anthony, June 12, 1865, having lost 17 men by disease and other causes.
Eighteenth Independent Battery.—Captain, Albert G. Mack. This battery, known as the "Black Horse artillery," or "Billinghurst battery," was recruited and organized by Captain Mack at Rochester, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 13, 1862. At the close of the year 1864, 117 members of the battery were transferred to the 25th battery. The 18th left the state on December 2, 1862, and joined Sherman's division, Department of the Gulf. Attached to the 19th corps, it was active at Fort Bisland, the Amite river, Plains store, and the siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana, where it participated in the assaults of May 27 and June 14. After the surrender of Port Hudson it went into the defenses of New Orleans; was engaged at Bayou La Fourche in July, 1863; took part in the expedition to Clinton and Liberty creek, Louisiana, in November, 1864; and in the spring of 1865, participated with General Canby's forces in the siege of Mobile, engaging at Spanish Fort, and at Fort Blakely and Mobile. It was mustered out under Captain Mack, at Rochester, N. Y., July 20, 1865, having lost during service 4 men mortally wounded, and 23 men by disease and other causes, a total of 27.
Nineteenth Independent Battery.—Captains, William H. Stahl, Edward W. Rogers. This battery was recruited in the county of Niagara and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, on October 27, 1862, at Elmira. It left the state two days later; was stationed at Washington through the succeeding winter; was engaged with the 7th corps in the siege of Suffolk in the spring of 1863, and then retired into the defenses of Washington. In March, 1864, it was ordered to the front, and as part of the 9th corps, participated in the Wilderness campaign. It was active at the battle of the Wilderness; was heavily engaged at Spottsylvania, where it sustained a loss of 16 killed and wounded; in the succeeding battles at the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor and the assault on the works of Petersburg, it did its full share of hard fighting and acquitted itself honorably, losing 6 more men in killed and wounded. It took place in the action of the crater, having 3 men wounded, and was subsequently engaged at the Weldon railroad, Poplar Grove Church and Hatcher's run. At Fort Stedman in March, 1865, it lost 1 killed and 2 officers and 12 men missing, and was in the final assault on Petersburg on April 2. It was mustered out under Captain Rogers, June 13, 1865, at Elmira, Captain Stahl having died of disease in Washington, September 15, 1863. The battery lost during its term of service 9 men killed in action; 5 men mortally wounded, and 1 officer and 17 men who died of disease, a total of 32. Twentieth Independent Battery.—The 20th battery was originally recruited in the counties of New York and Kings as one of the batteries of Anthon's battalion of artillery. It was organized at New York city and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, December 27, 1862. It was commanded by Captain Gilbert S. Coddington until August 31, 1863, when he resigned and was succeeded by Captain B. Franklin Ryer. Its term of service was spent in garrison duty at Forts Schuyler and Columbus, New York harbor, and it was mustered out at New York city, July 31, 1865, having sustained a loss of 6 men by disease during its term of service. A section of the battery assisted in quelling the New York draft riots in July. 1863.
Twenty-first Independent Battery.—Captain, James Barnes. This -battery was raised and organized at Oswego and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, December 12, 1862, at New York city. It left the state the same day for New Orleans and was engaged in May at the Armite river and Civiques ferry, and then took part in the siege of Port Hudson, participating in the assaults of May 27 and June 14. It lost 7 men captured at Plains store; was active at Morganza, with the 19th corps in July and at Morgan's ferry, and Simsport in October. Attached to the reserve artillery, 13th corps, it was engaged at Spanish Fort and Mobile, Alabama, in the spring of 1865, losing 2 killed and 1 wounded. It was mustered out at Syracuse, N. Y., September 8, 1865. Its loss during service was 2 killed, and 1 officer and 30 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 33.
Twenty-second Independent Battery.—Captain. John D. Newman. This battery was organized at Lockport and was mustered into the U. S. service October 28, 1862, at Elmira, for three years. It left the state on November 23, and was transferred to the 9th N. Y. artillery, on February s, 1863, as Co. M.
Twenty-third Independent Battery.—Captains, Alfred Ransom, Samuel Kittinger, Jr. This battery (originally Battery A. Rocket battalion), was organized at Albany and was recruited in the counties of Niagara, Essex and Warren. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany, December 6, 1861, for three years, and left the state three days later, for Washington. On the expiration of its term of service, many of the original members reenlisted and the battery continued in service as a veteran organization. In April, 1862. it was ordered to North Carolina to join the forces under General Foster; took part in the expedition to Goldsboro in December, being called into action at Kinston, Olive Station, Goshen swamp, White Hall bridge, Thompson's bridge and Goldsboro; was engaged at New Berne in March, 1863; then at Blount's creek and Greenville; and in April, 1865. was attached to the cavalry division of General Sherman's army. It took part in the campaign of the Carolinas, being engaged at Washington and Bennett's house. The battery served its whole period of active service in North Carolina and sustained no losses in battle, though 46 men died of disease. It was mustered out, commanded by Captain Kittinger, at Fort Porter, Buffalo, July 14, 1865.
Twenty-fourth Independent Battery.—Captains, Jay E. Lee. A. Lester Cady, William W. Crooker. This battery (originally Battery B, Rocket battalion) was organized at Albany, and was principally recruited in the counties of Monroe and Wyoming. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany, December 7, 1861. for three years, and on the expiration of its term many of the original members reenlisted, the battery being continued in service as a veteran organization. It left the state on December 9, 1861, and was stationed at Washington until in April. 1862, when it was ordered to North Carolina, in which state it continued to serve until the close of the war. It took part in the engagements at Young's cross-roads, the expedition from New Berne to Goldsboro, New Berne, Williamston, Chowan river and Plymouth, where it lost 2 killed, 5 wounded and 115 captured). The battery was transferred to the 3d N. Y. artillery as Battery L, but did not join the regiment until after the close of the war. It lost during service 3 men killed and mortally wounded; 85 died of disease and other causes, a total of 88. of whom 67 died in Confederate prisons.
Twenty-fifth Independent Battery.—Captains, John A. Graw, Irving ,S. Southworth. The 25th battery, recruited from the counties of Niagara, Orleans, and Genesee, rendezvoused at Lockport and was there mustered into the U. S. service on December 12, 1862. It left the state on the 18th, embarking on the transport "Sparkling Sea," en route to New Orleans and the Gulf, being wrecked on January 9, 1863, while enroute, and finally reached New Orleans on February 4. It served for a number of months in the defenses of New Orleans, afterwards with the 3d division, and in the artillery reserve of the 19th corps, fighting at La Fourche Crossing, and Vermillionville. In January, 1864, the battery received by transfer 117 men from the 18th battery and was then attached to the 1st division, 19th corps, with which it took part in the Red River campaign, being active at Sabine crossroads, Pleasant Hill (where it sustained a loss of 4 killed and 1 wounded), Cane river crossing and Mansura. On its return it again went into the defenses of New Orleans, serving there, in the district of La Fourche and in the Southern Division of Louisiana, until finally mustered out under command of Captain Southworth, at Rochester, N. Y., August 1, 1865. During its term of service it lost 4 men killed and mortally wounded, and 28 men who died of disease and other causes.
Twenty-sixth Independent Battery.—Captains, J. Warren Barnes, George W. Fox. The 26th Battery, "Barnes' Rifle Battery," was recruited and organized at Rochester, and left the state on December 4, 1862, en route by transport to the Department of the Gulf. On the passage it was wrecked twice and was enroute 51 days, finally reaching New Orleans, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, on February 25, 1863. The battery was employed for a year in garrison and guard duty at New Orleans and at Port Hudson, and in March, 1864, was attached to the 1st division, 19th corps, with which it moved on the Red River campaign, engaging at Cane river crossing, Avoyelles prairie and Mansura. On its return it served in the District of Morganza and then in the reserve— 2nd division, Department of the Gulf. In the artillery brigade, 13th corps, it was engaged at Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely, and Mobile in the spring of 1865, and was mustered out at New Orleans, commanded by Lieutenant Adam Beattie, September 1, 1865. Its loss during service was 34 enlisted men who died of disease and other causes.
Twenty-seventh Independent Battery.—Captain, John B. Eaton. This battery, the "Buffalo Light Artillery," was raised and organized at Buffalo, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on December 17, 1862. It performed garrison duty at Washington until the spring of 1864, save for a period in 1863 when it was ordered to Philadelphia at the time of Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania. In 1864 it fought with the 9th corps, at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, first assault on the works of Petersburg, and at the mine explosion. It was again active at Fort Stedman in March, 1865, and in the final assault on Petersburg. Commanded by Captain Eaton, it was mustered out at Fort Porter, Buffalo, June 22, 1865, having lost during service 2 men mortally wounded. 5 men wound-ed, 2 missing, and 17 who died of disease, etc.
Twenty-eighth Independent Battery.—Captains, Cyprian H. Willard, Josiah C. Hannum. This battery, originally recruited in the counties of New York, Jefferson and Steuben, as one of the two batteries of Anthon's battalion of artillery, was organized at Fort Schuyler, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on December 27, 1862. Its term of service was spent in garrison duty at Fort Schuyler and Sandy Hook, and it was mustered out under command of Captain Hannum, July 31, 1865, at New York city. It lost 3 men by disease during service.
Twenty-ninth Independent Battery.—(See 1st Battalion Heavy Artillery.)
Thirtieth Independent Battery.—(See 1st Battalion Heavy Artillery.)
Thirty-first Independent Battery.—(See 1st battalion Heavy Artillery.)
Thirty-second Independent Battery.—(See 1st Battalion Heavy Artillery.)
Thirty-third Independent Battery.—Captain, Algar M. Wheeler. This battery was recruited at Buffalo, Rochester, Lockport and Elmira, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Elmira, September 4, 1863, for three years. It left the state the next day and was stationed at Washington until the following April, when it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 10th corps, with which it took part in the operations against Petersburg and Richmond, being engaged at Drewry's bluff and at Bermuda Hundred in May. It participated with its corps in the assault on Petersburg in June and remained in the trenches there until the close of the war. In August, 1864, it was stationed at Fort Pocahontas, and from January, 1865, was attached to Ferrero's division in the defenses of Bermuda Hundred, but took part in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. It was mustered out at Petersburg, June 25, 1865. Its loss during service was 1 officer and 12 enlisted men who died of disease, etc.
Thirty-fourth Independent Battery.—Captains, Thomas L. Robinson, Jacob L. Roemer. This organization, known as the "Hamilton" or "Flushing battery," was recruited at Flushing, L. I., by Captain Robinson, the artillery company of the 15th militia forming its nucleus. It was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on November 28, 1861, and was assigned to the 2nd N. Y. artillery as Co. L on December 5. It served as a light battery, detached from its regiment, being permanently detached and designated the 34th battery on November 19, 1863. Captain Robinson was discharged on March 4, 1862, and was succeeded by Captain Roemer. A majority of the original members reenlisted as veterans and the battery was continued in service as a veteran organization. It left the state on December 2, 1861; was stationed at Washington until the following summer; was in action for the first time at Cedar mountain, with the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps; took part in General Pope's campaign and the battles about Manassas; and was then assigned to the 9th corps, with which it served for the remainder of its term. It was active at Jefferson, Sulphur Springs, Fayetteville and Fredericksburg,, and in 1863 accompanied its corps to Mississippi, where it took part in the siege of Vicksburg, and was then engaged at Jackson, Mississippi, Blue Springs, Lenoir Station, Campbell Station, Siege of Knoxville and Rutledge, Tennessee. Returning to Virginia in the spring of 1864, it took part in Grant's Wilderness campaign, including the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, the Totopotomy, Cold Harbor and the assault on the works of Petersburg in June, where it lost 7 men wounded. It was engaged without loss at the mine explosion and at Poplar Grove Church, but met with a loss of 3 killed and 3 wounded at Hatcher's run in October, 1864. At Fort Stedman in March, 1865, its casualties were 5 killed and wounded. From June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865, it was before Petersburg, where it sustained a loss of 13 wounded. The battery was mustered out at Hart's island, N. Y. harbor, June 21, 1865, having lost 7 killed and mortally wounded, and 15 men died of disease and other causes; total, 22.
Thirty-fifth Independent Battery.—Recruiting for this battery commenced in July, 1863, and on September 25, the men enlisted were assigned as Co. A to the 16th N. Y. artillery (q. v.).
Thirty-sixth Independent Battery.—Recruiting for this battery was begun in August, 1863, and on October 14, the men enlisted were assigned to the 13th N. Y. artillery (q. v.).
First Engineers.—Colonels, Edward W. Serrell, James F. Hall; Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward W. Serrell, James F. Hall, James E. Place; Majors, James F. Hall, Richard Butts, Joseph Walker, James E. Place, Alfred F. Sears, Frederick E. Greaf, Frederick H. Cruso. This regiment, "Serrell's Engineers," recruited from the state at large, rendezvoused at New York city and was there mustered into the U. S. service from October 11, 1861, to Feb 19, 1862, for three years. The original Co. L became the 4th N. Y. battery in October, 1861, and in January, 1864, 205 men of the Enfants Perdus, and 2 officers and 40 of the 4th N. Y. battery were transferred to this regiment, Co. L being organized of the men of the 4th battery. Co. M was formed in April, 1864, from recruits in the field. The original members (except veterans) were mustered out by detachments as their term of service expired, and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, continued in the service as a veteran organization. The regiment left the state by detachments from October, 1861, to February, 1862, proceeding to Port Royal, S. C., where it served in the 10th corps, Department of the South, until 1864, and took part in the following engagements: Port Royal ferry, with Com. Tatnall's flotilla, Battery Vulcan, S. C., Fort Pulaski, Ga. (its flag being the first to float over that fortress), James island, Secessionville, Coosawhatchie river, Caston's and Frampton's plantations, Morris island, siege of Fort Wagner, bombardment of Fort Sumter, Seabrook, John's island, Olustee, Florida, and Morris island. Its heaviest casualties during this period were at Morris island, where it lost 25 killed and wounded, and at the siege of Fort Wagner, where the loss was 21 killed and wounded. From May, 1864, Cos. B, D, E, F, H, K, L and M served with the Army of the James. In the operations against Petersburg and Richmond in May, 1864, its services were particularly valuable at Bermuda Hundred, as also during the siege of Petersburg, where the regiment sustained a loss of 19 in killed and wounded. During the year 1864, portions of the regiment took part in engagements at Dutch gap and Chaffin's farm, Virginia, John's island, Honey Hill, Deveaux's neck and Tillafinny Station, S. C. The last active service of the regiment was in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. It was mustered out at Richmond, Virginia, June 30, 1865, under command of Colonel Hall. It lost during its term of service 2 officers and 24 men killed and mortally wounded; 5 officers and 114 men by disease, accidents, in prison, etc., a total of 145 officers and men.
Fifteenth Regiment of Engineers.—(See 15th Infantry.)
Fiftieth Regiment of Engineers.—(See 50th Infantry.)
First Battalion Sharpshooters.—Majors, W. S. Rowland, Joseph S. Arnold; Captains, Abijah C. Gray, Volney J. Shipman, 6th company; Joseph S. Arnold, Clinton Perry, 7th company; Edward G. Robinson, Alfred Perry, John B. McDonald, 8th company; Thomas S. Bradley, 9th company. This battalion as finally organized consisted of four companies, the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th. A 10th company was originally enlisted for nine months' service and was organized under Captain Charles M. White, January 13, 1863. In April, 1863, its term of service was changed to three years, but the company was never completed, its members being transferred in June, 1863, to the 9th company, the Enfants Perdus, and the 178th N. Y. infantry. The 6th, the flank company, 108th N. Y. infantry, was recruited and organized at Rochester, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years. September 13, 1862. It was mustered out under command of Lieutenant Philip Hysner, June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. The 7th, Co. L, 112th N. Y. infantry, was organized at Jamestown, and there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 12, 1862. It was mustered out under command of Captain Clinton Perry, near Washington, June 3, 1865. The 8th company was recruited at Buffalo, Hudson and Chatham and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, January 22, 1863, at New Dorp, Staten island. It was mustered out near Washington, D. C., commanded by Captain McDonald, July 10, 1865. The 9th company was recruited at Albany, Hudson, Canaan, Hinsdale and New Lebanon, rendezvoused at New Dorp, Staten island, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for nine months. Commanded by 1st Lieutenant Warren Blinn, it was mustered out at Albany, August 5, 1863. The companies left the state on February 3, 1863; served with the 7th corps during the siege of Suffolk; with the 1st corps, Army of the Potomac, in the Mine Run campaign, sustaining a loss of 8 men killed and wounded during the year; and in 1864 were attached to Cutler's division, 5th corps, with which they fought through Grant's Wilderness campaign leading up to the siege of Petersburg. The loss at the Wilderness was 35 killed, wounded and missing; at Spottsylvania, 14; at the North Anna, 9; at Cold Harbor, 6; in the first assault on Petersburg. 17; and at the Weldon railroad, 53, of whom 49 were captured. The battalion was again engaged at Hatcher's run, in October, but without loss. After November. 1864, it served in the 3d division, 5th corps, but unattached, and took part in the final Appomattox campaign, being engaged at White Oak ridge, Five Forks, the final assault on Petersburg, and Appomattox Court House. The total losses of the battalion by companies were as follows: 6th Co.—10 killed and mortally wounded, 9 died of disease, total, 19; 7th Co.—12 killed and mortally wounded, 8 died of disease, total, 20; 8th Co.—5 killed and mortally wounded, 14 died of disease, total, 19; 9th Co.—died of disease, 1 officer and 5 men.
First U. S. Sharpshooters.—Colonel, Hiram Berdan; Lieutenant-Colonels, Caspar Trepp, George G. Hastings; Majors. George G. Hastings, John Wilson, William S. Rowland. This regiment, known as Berdan's Sharpshooters, was recruited by Colonel Berdan in the summer of 1861. New York furnished four of its companies—A, B, D and H—and afterward a large number of recruits. Co. A, recruited in New York city and commanded by Captain Caspar Trepp, was there mustered into the U. S. service September 3 to November 29, 1861, for three years; Co. B, Captain Stephen Martin, was recruited at Albany, New York city, and Penn Yan, organized at Albany and there mustered into the U. S. service November 29, 1861; Co. D, Captain Geo. S. Tuckerman, recruited at New Berlin, Cherry Valley, Roseboom, Richfield Springs, Milford, Deerfield, Norway and Mexico, and Co. H, Captain George G. Hastings, recruited at New York city, were both mustered in on November 29, 1861. The regiment served with the Army of the Potomac, in detachments and also as one organization, in the 2nd, 3d, and 5th corps. Co. A was mustered out before Petersburg, August 19, 1864; Co. D on August 28 and December 31. The regiment was consolidated with the 2nd U. S. sharpshooters, and in February, 1865, the men from New York were assigned to the 124th N. Y. infantry. Of the officers and men furnished by New York, 3 officers and 33 men were killed and mortally wounded, and 30 men died of disease and other causes, a total of 66.
New York Militia and National Guard organizations in the United States service.
First Cavalry.—Captain Devin's company, "Jackson Horse Guards." One hundred men of the 1st cavalry, of New York city, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Devin as captain, volunteered for three months' service, when the general government early in July, 1861, requested some mounted troops. It left the state on July 3, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three months at Washington, July 14, 1861. It was mustered out at New York city, October 23, 1861.
Third Cavalry.—Captain Sauer's Company C, "Hussars." One hundred men of the 3d cavalry, mostly from Co. C, of New York city, entered the service of the United States for three months in July, 1861, in response to the request of the government for mounted troops. It left the state on July 23, and was mustered out at New York city, November 2, 1861.
Varian's Battery, Light Artillery.—Captain, Joshua M. Varian. This battery in 1861 formed the 1st troop or Co. I of the 8th regiment, known as the Washington Grays (q. v.). It entered the service of the United States for three months, and left New York city on April 19, 1861. It was mustered out at New York city July 20, 1861, and some of its members later formed the nucleus of the 4th light battery (q. v.). As part of the 8th regiment, it was again mustered into the U. S. service in June, 1863, for 30 days, and did duty during the campaign in Pennsylvania as cavalry and artillery. During its 3 months' enlistment in 1861, it was engaged at Smith's Point, Maryland, and Fairfax Court House, Virginia. In 1863 it was active at Shippensburg, Kingston, Oyster Point, near Fort Washington, Sporting hill and Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
First Battalion Light Artillery.—Major, William M. Lewis. The 1st battalion, composed of Batteries A and B and known as the Rochester Union Grays, was located at Rochester and was mustered into the U. S. service for the term of 100 days, August 31, 1864, for duty in guarding Confederate prisoners at Elmira. It was mustered out at Rochester November 22, 1864.
Second Infantry.—(See 82nd Infantry and 3d Independent Battery.) Fourth Heavy Artillery.—Colonel, Daniel W. Teller; Lieutenant-Colonel, John I. Diehl; Major, Nason B. Collins. This was a New York city regiment. It entered the U. S. service for 30 days June 18, 1863, and served during its term in the Department of the Susquehanna, being mustered out of the U. S. service at New York city, July 24, 1863.
Fifth Regiment.—Colonel. Christian Schwarzwalder; Lieutenant-Colonel, Louis Burger; Major, George Van Amsberg. The 5th militia, the "Jefferson Guard" of New York city, was largely composed of Germans and was one of the eleven uniformed regiments of militia called into the service of the United States between April 19 and May 7, 1861. It left the state on April 28, 1861, and was mustered in at Washington, for three months' service, May 1, 1861. It was assigned to General Patterson's command, and spent its term in the vicinity of Washington and Baltimore, being on duty at Washington, Hagerstown, Martinsburg, Charlestown, Bolivar heights and Knoxville. It was then employed in guard, picket and scout duty at the "Relay House," near Baltimore, and in guarding the important railroad communications with the capital. On May 24 it took part in the occupation of Arlington Heights. It returned to New York August 2, 1861, and was mustered out there on the 7th. It had a total enrollment of 600 members. On June 18, 1863, it again entered the service of the United States, and was mustered in for a term of 30 days. It was then commanded by Louis Burger, Colonel, Jeremiah B. J. Dodge, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Anton Meyer, Major Its term of service was spent at Harrisburg, Marysville, Carlisle and Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, under General Yates, being assigned to the 1st brigade, Dana's division, Department of the Susquehanna. It was mustered out at New York city, July 22, 1863.
Sixth Regiment ("Governor's Guard").—Colonel, Joseph C. Pinckney; Lieutenant-Colonel, Samuel K. Zook; Major, Milton G. Rathbun. The 6th militia, the "Governor's Guard," was a New York city organization, largely composed of Germans, and was one of the original eleven uniformed militia regiments called into the U. S. service at the outbreak of the war. The Union Defense Committee contributed $4,000 towards its equipment, the remainder of the necessary fund being provided by its friends and by the state Its original orders directed it to proceed to Washington by rail, but on account of the attack on the 6th Mass. in the streets of Baltimore it was directed to proceed by water. It left the state April 21, 600 strong, arrived at Annapolis, Maryland, two days later, and was there mustered in for three months, the term being spent in the vicinity of Annapolis, engaged in guard and garrison duty. Upon receipt of the news of the battle of Bull Run. the regiment unanimously requested to be sent to the front, but its request was not granted and on July 29 it returned to New York city, where it was mustered out on the 31st. When the 66th N. Y. infantry was organized a large portion of the 6th enlisted in that organization, under Colonel Pinckney. On June 18, 1863, the 6th, then commanded by Colonel Joel W. Mason, with Bernard Schwartz as Lieutenant-Colonel, and Edward B. Kinney as major, again entered the U. S. service for a term of 30 days. It left the state on June 22, for Baltimore, and served during its term in the 2nd and 3d brigades, 8th corps, Middle Department. It was mustered out at New York city, July 22, 1863. One man died of disease during its 30 days' term.
Seventh Regiment, N. G.—Colonel, Marshall Lefferts; Lieutenant-Colonel, William A. Pond; Major, Alexander Shaler. This famous regiment of New York city dates its origin from April, 1806, when Cos. A, B, C and D, were organized at the time of the excitement created by the British firing on American vessels off Sandy Hook. At the beginning of 1861 it was known as one of the best appointed and drilled militia regiments then in existence. It was composed of excellent material, all its members being young men engaged in active business pursuits in the metropolis, and was the first New York regiment to leave for the front. Its departure for Washington, April 19, 1861, was attended by scenes of great excitement and enthusiasm, its line of march through the streets of New York being a perfect ovation. Speaking of the National Guard regiments furnished by New York, Colonel Fox, in his Regimental Losses in the Civil War, says: "Of these troops, the 7th regiment, National Guard—or 7th Militia, as it was called—was particularly conspicuous by the surprising celerity with which it went to the front in time of need; by its superior drill and equipment; and by the high standard of personal character which marked its rank and file. When the war broke out it was among the very first to take the field, leaving New York with 991 officers and men, and by its timely arrival at Washington contributed largely to the relief of the threatened capital. This, its first enlistment, was for 30 days. It volunteered again in May, 1862, for three months; and again in June, 1863, for one month. But the 7th rendered a far greater and more valuable service to the country by the large number of efficient and well-drilled soldiers, which went from its ranks to accept commissions in the new volunteer regiments. The volunteers were lacking in drill and military experience; the proficiency of the 7th was well known and membership in its ranks was a guarantee of character. Hence the volunteer service made such demands on it for officers that 603 men of this regiment were commissioned in other commands during the war. It was the West Point of the New York volunteer service. The 7th has no casualty list of its own, but of the officers which graduated from its ranks, 41 were killed in battle and 17 died of disease while in the service." News of the riot in Baltimore, in which some of the soldiers of the 6th Mass. were killed, was received before the regiment left New York, and the members were each provided with 48 rounds of ball-cartridge. On reaching Philadelphia orders were received to deviate from the route through Baltimore, as it was highly important that the regiment should reach Washington as soon as possible. It moved by rail as far as Perryville and thence by steamer to Annapolis, whence it made the toilsome march to Washington in company with the 8th Mass. It reached the capital on the 26th, and was at once mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days. It crossed the Potomac with the first troops, when Alexandria and Arlington Heights were occupied; assisted in the construction of Fort Runyon; served at Washington until the expiration of its term, and was mustered out at New York city, June 3, 1861. On the day before it left the capital, an order was issued from the war department, of which the following is an extract: "It is the desire of the war department, in relinquishing the services of this gallant regiment, to make known the satisfaction that is felt at the prompt and patriotic manner in which it responded to the call for men to defend the capital, when it was believed to be in peril, and to acknowledge the important service which it rendered by appearing here in an hour of dark and trying necessity. The time for which it had engaged has now expired. The service which it was expected to perform has been handsomely accomplished, and its members may return to their native city with the assurance that its services are gratefully appreciated by all good and loyal citizens, whilst the government is equally confident that when the country again calls upon them, the appeal will not be made in vain to the young men of New York." On May 25, 1862, when Stonewall Jackson's strong column suddenly invaded the Valley of the Shenandoah and again seriously endangered the national capital, the 7th, still commanded by Colonel Lefferts, once more promptly tendered its services to the general government. As in 1861, it was the first of the militia regiments in readiness to leave for the front. On its arrival at Baltimore it was halted and ordered to report to General Dix, commanding the Middle Department, with headquarters at Baltimore, and on June 19, 1862, it was mustered into the U. S. service for three months, to date from May 25. Most of this term was spent at and near Baltimore. It was mustered out at New York city, September 9, 1862. On June 16, 1863, at the time of Lee's invasion of the north, the 7th once more entered the U. S. service, being mustered in at New York city for 30 days. It left the state on the 17th, under command of Colonel Lefferts, and served at Baltimore, and Frederick, Maryland, in the 2nd separate brigade, 8th corps, Middle Department, until assigned on July 7, at Frederick, to the 3d division of the 3d corps, under command of Major-General French. For several days after the battle of Gettysburg Colonel Lefferts was in command of the city of Frederick. On July 14, the 7th received orders to report to Major General Wool during the draft riots in New York city, and arrived in New York on the 16th. It was mustered out on July 20. During its service in 1861 it lost 1 man, accidentally killed. On the three occasions when it was called into service it had a unique record for the promptness and alacrity with which it responded to each call to arms.
Eighth Regiment.—Colonel, George Lyons; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles G. Waterbury; Major, O. F. Wentworth. This well known militia regiment, the "Washington Grays," dates its origin back to April 4, 1786. It was one of the eleven uniformed and well disciplined militia regiments called out during the first days of the war to hurry to the defense of the endangered capital. It was a New York city organization, chiefly composed of hard working mechanics, with families to provide for and with no money to spare, yet the regiment left for Washington, 950 strong, on April 23, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three months on the 25th. For some time before the battle of Bull Run it was encamped at Arlington House, where it served as guard to the headquarters of General McDowell until the army moved to Bull Run, where the regiment took an honorable part in the battle, being assigned to the 1st brigade (Colonel Porter), 2nd division (Colonel Hunter), Army of Northeastern Virginia. Its loss in this battle was 8 enlisted men killed, 17 enlisted men wounded, 4 officers and 9 enlisted men missing, a total of 38. Two days after the battle its term of service expired, and it returned to New York, where it was mustered out on August 2. Many members of the 8th volunteered for service in other regiments, notably in the 47th infantry, and in the 1st and 2nd Ira Harris cavalry. On May 29. 1862, the regiment, 895 strong, again left the state for Washington, under command of Colonel Joshua M. Varian. It was mustered in the U. S. service for three months and was on duty at Yorktown. It was mustered out at New York city, September 9, 1862, having suffered a loss of 6 men who died of disease during this term of service. On June 17, 1863, the regiment again left the state, proceeding to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where it was mustered into the TJ. S. service for 30 days. Its field officers were Colonel Varian, Lieutenant-Colonel Wentworth and Major Leander Buck. During its term of service in Pennsylvania it marched 170 miles over rough roads in inclement weather; was in line of battle five times, and did excellent service in holding the enemy in check. It was attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna, and was mustered out at New York city on July 23.
Ninth Regiment.—(See 83d Infantry, and 6th Independent Battery.)
Tenth Regiment.—(See 177th Infantry.)
Eleventh Regiment.—Colonel, Joachim Maidhof; Lieutenant-Colonel, William B. Weinberger; Major, George A. Raymond. This regiment, known as the "Washington Rifles," was a New York city organization. It left for the field on May 28, 1862; was mustered into the service of the United States for three months, at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia; served in the 2nd brigade. Sigel's division, Department of the Shenandoah and at Harper's Ferry; and was mustered out at New York city, September 16, 1861. On June 18, 1863, under command of Colonel Maidhof, it again left the state, proceeding to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It was mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days and served its term in the 4th brigade, 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna. During the greater part of this campaign, Colonel Maidhof .was in command of a brigade. It was in a skirmish at Oyster point, Pennsylvania, June 28, and was mustered out at New York city, July 20, 1863, having lost 1 man by disease.
Twelfth Regiment.—Colonel, Daniel Butterfield; Lieutenant-Colonel, William G. Ward; Major, Henry A. Bostwick. This was a New York city regiment and had on its rolls a number of men, who later distinguished themselves as officers in the volunteer service. Colonel Butterfield became one of the famous major-generals of the war and was the hero of Resaca; Adjt. Fred. T. Locke was promoted later in the war to the rank of brigadier-general for gallant and meritorious service; in the ranks marched Francis C. Barlow, later one of the best of the major-generals; Captain Henry W. Ryder subsequently became a brigadier-general, and altogether, the 12th furnished about 75 officers to the volunteer army. The regiment, through Colonel Butterfield, tendered its services to the government as soon as the war broke out, and its friends in the city contributed $10,oo0 towards its equipment. On April 21, 1861, it left for Washington, nearly 1,000 strong, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three months on May 2. On the night of May 23 it crossed the long bridge into Virginia, being the first regiment to invade the "sacred soil" of that state when Arlington Heights were occupied. On July 7 it was ordered to join the Army of the Shenandoah and reported to Major-General Patterson at Martinsburg, West Virginia, on the 10th, Colonel Butterfield being placed in command of a brigade consisting of the 5th and 12th N. Y. militia and the 19th and 28 N. Y. volunteer infantry. A detachment of the regiment was engaged in a slight skirmish with the enemy near Martinsburg on the 12th, and again skirmished lightly on the 15th at Bunker Hill. On the 21st it moved to Harper's Ferry, where it remained until the evacuation by General Banks on the 28th, when it moved to Knoxville and remained there until ordered to New York, where it was mustered out on August 5, 1861. During its term it lost 2 enlisted men, who died of disease. Many of its members were later identified with the 12th N. Y. infantry. On May 27, 1862, the regiment was again ordered to Washington and left the state on June 6. Its officers were, Colonel, William G. Ward; Lieutenant-Colonel, Livingston Sutterlee; Major, Henry A. Bostwick. It was mustered into the U. S. service for three months and served at Harper's Ferry in the 4th brigade. At the expiration of its term, it volunteered to remain until the threatened danger to Harper's Ferry was over and was among the troops surrendered to Stonewall Jackson at that place in September. Thirty officers and 530 enlisted men were surrendered and paroled. It was mustered out at New York city, October 12, 1862, and declared exchanged, January 11, 1863. On June 18, 1863, at the time of Lee's invasion of the North, the 12th was again called into service of the general government and left for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on the 20th, under command of Colonel Ward. It was mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days and served under General Yates at Fenwick, Pennsylvania, being assigned to the 1st brigade, Dana's division, Department of the Susquehanna. It engaged in the performance of picket and outpost duty on the mountains, and was mustered out at New York city on July 20.
The Union Army Thirteenth Heavy Artillery ("National Grays").—Col, Abel Smith; Lieutenant-Colonel, Robert B. Clark; Major, Elbert H. Willets. This was one of the eleven uniformed regiments of militia which promptly moved to the relief of Washington at the outbreak of the war. It was a Brooklyn regiment and left the state on April 23, 1861, 486 strong, proceeding by the steamer Marion to Annapolis, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three months. Its strength was shortly increased to 793 men by recruits. It served at Annapolis under General Butler until June 19, quartered in the buildings of the U. S. naval academy. It was engaged near the light-house at Smith's point, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, on May 18, and the engineer corps of the regiment rebuilt the railroad from the station at Annapolis to the pier of the naval academy. On June 19 it moved to Baltimore, where it passed the remainder of its term of service. It was mustered out at Brooklyn, August 6, 1861, and many of its members subsequently entered the volunteer service in the 87th and 90th N. Y. infantry. On May 26, 1862, the 13th was again summoned to the defense of Washington and left the state on the 30th, under command of Colonel Robert B. Clark, with John B. Woodward, lieutenant-colonel, and Samuel K. Boyd, major. It was mustered into the U. S. service for three months and served nearly its entire term at Suffolk, Virginia, as part of the 7th corps. It was mustered out at Brooklyn, September 28. It went out a third time in 1863, when Lee invaded the North, leaving the state for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on June 20, for 30 days' service. Its field officers were Colonel, John B. Woodward; Lieutenant-Colonel, William A. McKee; Major, Joseph B. Leggett. It served at Fenwick, Pennsylvania, in the 2nd brigade, 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna, and was mustered out at Brooklyn on July 20. It was engaged during this campaign near Fort Washington, Pennsylvania. Its losses during service in 1861 were 5 men, died of disease; in 1863, one enlisted man, a total loss of 6.
Fourteenth Regiment.—(See 84th Infantry.)
Fifteenth Regiment.—Two companies of this regiment entered the U. S. service in 1861 as part of the 74th N. Y. infantry; a third company became Co. L, of the 2nd artillery, and later the 34th battery. The regiment was called into the service of the United States for 30 days, June 6, 1864, for duty in New York harbor, and was mustered out on July 7. Portions of the 16th, 17th and 18th regiments served with it, all under command of Colonel Charles H. Burtiss of the 15th.
Sixteenth Regiment.—This was a Suffolk county regiment, and five of its companies, organized as four, served with the 15th regiment in New York harbor in 1864. Colonel Alfred Wagstaff served at this time as lieutenant-colonel of the 15th. Seventeenth Regiment.—This was a Westchester county regiment, and was ordered to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on June 18, 1863. It left the state July 3, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel John P. Jenkins; proceeded to Baltimore by way of Philadelphia; reported at Baltimore to General Schenck and was mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days on July 8, relieving the 8th N. Y. at Fort Marshall. It was assigned to the 2nd separate brigade, 8th corps, Middle Department, and was mustered out at New York city, August 13, having lost during this term 1 enlisted man who died of disease. A detachment of the 17th served as part of the 15th regiment in New York harbor in 1864, Colonel James G. Hyatt acting as major of the command.
Eighteenth Regiment.—This regiment, from the counties of Putnam and Westchester, furnished one company each to the 9th, 17th and 38th regiments N. Y. infantry in 1861. The 18th was ordered to Harrisburg on June 18, 1863, at the time of Lee's invasion of the North; left the state on July 3, under command of Colonel James Ryder; was mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days at Baltimore, Maryland, on July 8; and was ordered by General Schenck to occupy Fort Marshall, vacated by the 8th N. Y., Colonel Ryder being placed in command of the post. The regiment was assigned to the 2nd separate brigade, 8th corps, Middle Department, and was mustered out at New York city on August 13. In 1864 a portion of the regiment served as part of the 15th in N. Y. harbor, being mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days.
Nineteenth Regiment.—This was an Orange county regiment and in 1861 furnished one company, Co. I—howitzer company—the "Parmenter Riflemen," to the 71st militia, in its three months' service. The 19th was ordered to Washington on May 27, 1862, and left Newburg for the seat of war on June 4. Its field officers were, Colonel, William R. Brown; Lieutenant-Colonel, James Low; Major, David Jagger. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Baltimore for three months and served there and at Havre-de-Grace until mustered out at Newburg on September 6. It lost during the campaign 3 enlisted men who died of disease. (For nine months' service in 1863, see 168th Infantry.)
Twentieth Regiment.—Colonel, George W. Pratt; Lieutenant-Colonel, Hiram Schoonmaker; Major, Theodore B. Gates. This regiment, the "Ulster Guard," was composed of hardy men from the hills of Ulster and Greene counties and saw much hard service throughout the war. On April 23, 1861, it was detailed for immediate service, with orders to report at Washington. It was, however, subjected to a number of vexatious delays before it was finally permitted to leave the state on May 7, when it went by rail to Perryville and thence by steamer to Annapolis, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three months. May 11, 1861. The regiment numbered 785 officers and men at the time of its departure from the state. Its term of service was spent at Annapolis and Baltimore, Maryland, and it was mustered out at Kingston on August 2. Colonel Pratt thereupon tendered the services of the regiment to the government for a period of three years which tender was accepted. (See record of 80th Infantry.) During its three months' service in 1861, it lost 2 enlisted men who died of disease.
Twenty-first Regiment.—Colonel, Joseph Wright; Lieutenant-Colonel, James Kent; Major, Charles H. Fitchett. This was a Dutchess county regiment and was ordered on June 18, 1863, to proceed to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, at the time of Lee's invasion of the North. Eight companies left the state on June 26, and were mustered into the U. S. service at Baltimore for 30 days, to date from June 22. It was assigned to the 2nd separate brigade, 8th corps, Middle Department, and after the battle of Gettysburg, assisted the 7th N. Y. in guarding and transporting 16,000 prisoners captured by Grant at Vicksburg and sent to Baltimore. The regiment was mustered out at Poughkeepsie, August 6, 1863.
Twenty-second Regiment.—Colonel, James Munroe; Lieutenant-Colonel, Lloyd Aspinwall. This regiment was organized in New York city in April, 1861, and was called into the service of the government when the capital was endangered in the spring of 1862. It left the state, May 28, 1862, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Baltimore, Maryland, for three months. While in camp at Harper's Ferry, Colonel Munroe died of typhoid fever and the regiment was mustered out under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Aspinwall on September 5, (862, at New York city. On June 18, 1863, the regiment, under command of Colonel Aspinwall was ordered to proceed to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and left the state the same day. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg for 30 days and was assigned to the 4th brigade, 1st division (General W. F. Smith), Department of the Susquehanna. It participated in General Smith's advance from Harrisburg to Waynesboro, being active in the fight with Fitzhugh Lee. at Sporting hill, and at Carlisle, where it lost 2 enlisted men wounded. From Carlisle the regiment moved to Waynesboro and assisted part of Sedgwick's (6th) corps in garrisoning the town, being assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division. It remained a week at Waynesboro and was then ordered to Harper's Ferry, but while on the march received orders to return home immediately on account of the draft riots in New York city. It was mustered out on July 24, at New York city.
Twenty-third Regiment.—Colonel, William Everdell, Jr.; Lieutenant-Colonel, John A. Elwell. This regiment was organized in Brooklyn in the early part of 1862 and was the first regiment to leave that city when the call for troops was made in 1863 to repel Lee's invasion of the North. It was mustered into the U. S. service for 30 days at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna; and was mustered out at Brooklyn, July 22, having participated in engagements at Oyster point and at Carlisle.
Twenty-fifth Regiment.—Colonel, Michael K. Bryan; Lieutenant-Colonel, James Swift; Major, David Friedlander. The 25th, a fine Albany regiment, was ordered to prepare for immediate service at Washington by special orders No. 52, of April 19, 1861. It left the state on the 23d, about 500 strong, and arrived in Washington on the morning of the 29th, being the fifth regiment to reach the endangered capital. Its numbers were considerably increased early in May by the arrival of Co. A, known as the "Burgesses Corps." It was mustered in the U. S. service on May 4 for three months; was quartered near the capitol, under the orders of Brigadier-General Mansfield, until May 23, when it crossed the long bridge into Virginia and occupied Arlington Heights on the morning of the 24th. The 25th was the second regiment to reach the Virginia side and Fort Albany was built almost entirely by the men of this regiment. It was mustered out at Albany, August 4, 1861, having lost 3 enlisted men, died of disease. Colonel Bryan took the regiment into the field again in 1862, when it was mustered into the U. S. service at Albany for three months; left the state on June 5, 1862; performed picket duty at Suffolk, Virginia, in the 7th corps; and was mustered out at Albany, September 8, 1862, having lost 1 enlisted man drowned during this term of service. Colonel Bryan subsequently raised the 175th infantry, the 5th regiment of the Corcoran Legion, which had among its members a large number of the 25th militia. Colonel Bryan was killed at Port Hudson.
Twenty-eighth Regiment.—Colonel. Michael Bennett; Lieutenant-Colonel, Edward Burns; Acting Lieutenant-Colonel, W. R. Brewster. The 28th regiment of Brooklyn, composed of an excellent class of Germans, left the state on April 30, 1861, under orders to proceed to Washington. Its numerical strength on leaving was 563 officers and men. Colonel Bennett did not go out with the regiment, being temporarily disabled by an accident, but joined it on his recovery. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Washington for three months, and served its term at and near that city, being encamped below Arlington Heights. Fort Bennett, a part of the chain of defensive works about the capital, was built by the 28th and named for its colonel. The regiment was mustered out at Brooklyn, August 5, 1861. On June 20, 1863, it reentered the U. S. service for a term of 30 days, at the time of Lee's invasion of the North, and proceeded to Harrisburg. Pennsylvania, commanded by Colonel Bennett. It served at Marysville, Carlisle and Gettysburg, attached to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna, and was mustered out at Brooklyn on July 22. In 1864 it was ordered to Elmira. where it was mustered into the U. S. service for 100 days, to date from August 12, and was mustered out at Brooklyn on November 13. During this term of service its field officers were Colonel David A. Bokee; Lieutenant-Colonel Adam Schepper; Major Joseph Burger. It lost 1 enlisted man who died of disease. In 1861 it participated in the occupation of Arlington Heights and skirmished near Chain bridge. In 1863, it skirmished near Fort Washington, Pennsylvania.
Thirty-third Regiment.—(See 66th Infantry.)
Thirty-fourth Regiment.—(See 98th Infantry.)
Thirty-seventh Regiment.—Colonel, Charles Roome; Lieutenant-Colonel, Claudius L. Monell; Major, Ossian D. Ashley. This was a New York city regiment which was organized in the fall of 1861. It volunteered its services in May, 1862, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three months, May 29, leaving the state the same day. It served in the Middle Department and was mustered out at New York city on September 2. On June 18, 1863, it reentered the U. S. service for a period of 30 days and proceeded to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, under the command of Colonel Roome. It was assigned to the 4th brigade, 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna; participated in skirmishes at Sporting hill (losing 1 officer and 3 enlisted men wounded), and at Carlisle, Pennsylvania (losing 3 men wounded and 3 captured), total losses, 10; and was mustered out at New York city on July 22. It was again mustered into the U. S. service May 6, 1864, under the command of Colonel Ashley, for service in New York harbor, and was mustered out on June 6. Thirty-eighth Regiment.—(See 34th Infantry.)
Thirty-ninth Regiment.—(See 76th Infantry.)
Forty-seventh Regiment.—Colonel, J. V. Messerole; Lieutenant-Colonel, George Sangster; Major, Jeremiah Johnson. The 47th was a Brooklyn regiment, organized in January and May, 1862. It first left the state for the war on May 30, 1862, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, for three months. Its term of service was spent in garrison duty at Fort McHenry and it was mustered out at Brooklyn on Sept 1. It again entered the U. S. service on June 18, 1863; left the state for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on the 21st, under the command of Colonel Messerole; served in the 3d brigade, defenses south of the_ Potomac, Department of Washington; was later on active duty in New York city during the draft riots in July; and was mustered out on July 23. Many members of the 47th soon after reenlisted for three years in the 3d regiment of the Metropolitan brigade.
Fiftieth Regiment.—Two companies of this regiment, Captains, Charles F. Blood, and Stephen Clough, served as Cos. L and M, 58th militia, at Elmira in 1864, being mustered into the U. S. service for 100 days on August 27, and mustered out on December 3.
Fifty-first Regiment.—(See 12th Infantry.)
Fifty-second Regiment.—This was a Brooklyn regiment, which furnished Cos. I and K of the 176th infantry in the fall of 1862. The regiment entered the U. S. service for 30 days in 1863, leaving the state for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on June 18, with Matthias W. Cole as colonel, and William C. Booth as lieutenant-colonel. It served in the 3d brigade. 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna, and participated in the skirmish at Oyster point. It was mustered out on July 25, having lost 1 enlisted man killed by lightning during the campaign.
Fifty-fourth Regiment.—(See 27th Infantry.) This regiment entered the service of the United States for 100 days, July 26, 1864, commanded by Colonel Charles H. Clark, serving at Elmira until mustered out November 10, 1864. It was a Rochester regiment.
Fifty-fifth Regiment.—Colonel, Eugene Le Gal; Lieutenant-Colonel, Louis Thourat; Major, Francis Jehl. The 55th entered the U. S. service on June 18, 1863, for a 30 days' term; left the state on the 24th, proceeding to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; served in the 2nd separate brigade, 8th corps. Middle Department, and was mustered out at New York city on July 27. It was a New York city organization. (See also 55th Infantry.)
Fifty-sixth Regiment.—This was a Brooklyn organization and furnished a number of nine months' volunteers in the fall of 1862. On June 18, 1863, it entered the U. S. service for 30 days and the following day left the state for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, commanded by Colonel David M. Tallmadge. It served in the 3d brigade, 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna, and was mustered out at Brooklyn on July 24. It was again mustered into the U. S. service on August 2, 1864, commanded by Colonel John Q. Adams, with Thomas R. O'Neill as lieutenant-colonel and John H. Styles as major. It was on duty at Elmira until mustered out on November 6. Two enlisted men died of disease during its last term of service.
Fifty-eighth Regiment.—Colonel, Reuben P. Wisner; Lieutenant-Colonel, William L. Alward; Major, George M. Lackwood. With the foregoing field officers the 58th was mustered into the U. S. service for 100 days on August 27, 1864; served at Elmira, and was mustered out on December 3, having lost 2 enlisted men by disease.
Sixty-fourth Regiment.—(See 64th Infantry.)
Sixty-fifth Regiment.—This was a Buffalo organization, which furnished parts of the 21st and 49th Infantry and of Battery I, 1st artillery, in 1861, and supplied the nucleus of the 187th infantry in 1864. It was ordered to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on June 18, 1863; left the state the following day, commanded by Colonel Jacob Krettner, with Francis Fischer as lieutenant-colonel and Lorenz Gillig as major; was mustered into the U. S. service at Mount Union, Pennsylvania, for 30 days; spent its term of service at that place; was mustered out at Buffalo on July 30; and was on duty at the time of the draft riots in New York city.
Sixty-seventh Regiment.—This was an Erie county regiment and entered the service of the United States in June, 1863, for 30 days. It was on duty at Camp Curtin. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and was mustered out August 3. It was commanded by Colonel Chauncey Abbott, of East Hamburg.
Sixty-eighth Regiment.—This was a Chautauqua county organization, which left the state on June 24. 1863, for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, for 30 days' service. Its field officers were Colonel, David S. Forbes; Lieutenant-Colonel, O. Lee Swift; Major, Wilford W. Barker. The regiment was assigned to the 5th brigade, 1st division, Department of .the Susquehanna, and was mustered out on July 25, 1863.
Sixty-ninth Regiment.—Colonel, Michael Corcoran; Lieutenant-Colonel, Robert Nugent; Major, James Bagley. This was a New York city regiment, composed of Irishmen, which responded with alacrity to the first call to arms at the outbreak of the war. The subsequent career of this regiment was highly honorable and its services of the most valuable character. The 69th received orders on April 20, 1861, to proceed to Washington. Colonel Corcoran at once issued a call for volunteers for his regiment and 48 hours later 6,500 names had been enrolled. It left the state 1,o50 strong, April 23, 1861, amid scenes of great enthusiasm, and on its arrival in the capital was first stationed at Georgetown college. On May 9, 1861, it was mustered into the U. S. service for three months. On May 21, Captain Thomas F. Meagher, with a company of Zouaves and about 30o recruits started to join the regiment at Washington. On May 30 it moved to a new camp on Arlington Heights and raised the Stars and Stripes over the new Fort Corcoran. The 69th behaved with great gallantry at the battle of Bull Run, where it served in the 3d brigade (Sherman's), 1st division (Tyler's), and made one of the most effective charges of that disastrous engagement. Its losses in killed, wounded and missing were 192, Colonel Corcoran being captured. Shortly after the battle, its term of service having expired, the regiment returned to New York and was mustered out on Aug 3. Its total losses during the campaign were 1 officer and 37 enlisted men killed in action; 2 enlisted men mortally wounded; 5 enlisted men died of disease, a total of 45. The major portion of the regiment volunteered for three years on its return home, and formed the nucleus of the famous 69th volunteer infantry (q. v.). On May 29, 1862, the regiment again left the state for Washington and was mustered into the U. S. service for three months. Colonel Corcoran being a prisoner at Richmond, the regiment went out under command of Major Bagley. It served its term in the defenses of Washington and was mustered out at New York city, September 3, 1862. Once more on its return many of the members enlisted in a volunteer organization, known as the 69th national guard artillery and organized as the 1st regiment of the Corcoran brigade, later becoming the 182nd infantry. In the summer of 1863, at the time of Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, the 69th left the state for active service a third time. On June 22 it started for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, for 30 days' service, commanded by Colonel James Bagley, with James Cavanagh as lieutenant-colonel. The regiment served its term at Baltimore, attached to the 2nd separate brigade, 8th corps, Middle Department, and was mustered out at New York city on July 25. The regiment was mustered into the U. S. service for a fourth time in 1864, serving in the harbor of New York from July 6 to October 6. During this term it lost 1 officer and 1 enlisted man, who died of disease.
Seventieth Regiment.—(See 5th Heavy Artillery.)
Seventy-first Regiment.—Colonel, Abram S. Vosburgh; Lieutenant-Colonel, Henry P. Martin; Major, George A. Buckingham. This regiment, also known as the American Guard and Vosburgh Chasseurs, was a New York city organization and was one of the eleven uniformed militia regiments sent to the relief of Washington upon the outbreak of the war. It left the state on April 21, 1861, 950 strong, reached the capital on the 27th; and was mustered into the U. S. service on May 3, for a term of three months. It was first quartered in the inauguration ball room, whence it was ordered to barracks in the navy yard. Co. I, armed with 2 howitzers, was originally Co. L, 19th militia, "Parmenter's Riflemen" from Newburg, and joined the "ist soon after its arrival in Washington. On May 20, Colonel Vosburgh succumbed to disease and the command devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel Martin, who was commissioned colonel on June 15, Charles H. Smith becoming lieutenant-colonel at the same time. The regiment participated in the occupation of Alexandria, Virginia, May 24, and first came under fire in the attack on the batteries at Acquia creek. It took part in the attack on Matthias point and rendered excellent service at the first battle of Bull Run, where it served in the 2nd brigade (Burnside's), 2nd division (Hunter's), Army of Northeastern Virginia, being among the last to leave the field and retiring in good order. It lost 10 enlisted men killed, 3 officers and 37 men wounded, 1 officer and 11 men captured, a total loss of 62. Speaking of the service of the 71st, Colonel Burnside reported: "I beg again to mention the bravery and steadiness manifested by Colonel Martin and his entire regiment, both in the field and during the retreat." The regiment was mustered out on July 30, 1861, at New York city. On May 28. 1862, the regiment was again mustered into the U. S. service for three months and left the state the same day, 820 strong. It was commanded by Colonel Martin, with Charles H. Smith as lieutenant-colonel. Assigned to Sturgis' brigade it served in the defenses of Washington, and was mustered out in New York city on September 2. A considerable number of the regiment at once reenlisted in the 124th infantry then being recruited. On June 17, 1863, the regiment entered the U. S. service for the third time, leaving the state for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, for 30 days' service. Its field officers were Colonel, Benjamin L. Trafford; Lieutenant-Colonel, William J. Coles; Major, David C. Muschutt. It was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, Department of the Susquehanna, and saw a good deal of hard service during the short campaign, being almost constantly on the march. It participated in skirmishes at Kingston and near Harrisburg. and on its return to the state was on active duty during the draft riots in New York city in July. It was mustered out of service, July 22, 1863. The losses of the regiment during service in 1861 were 11 enlisted men killed in action; 1 enlisted man and 1 officer died of wounds; 1 officer and 4 enlisted men died of disease, a total of 18.
Seventy-fourth Regiment.—Colonel, Watson A. Fox; Lieutenant-Colonels, Walker G. Seely; Major, Charles I. Ring. This was a Buffalo regiment and four of its companies volunteered in a body in 1861 to assist in the formation of the 1st Buffalo, or the 21st infantry. It entered the U. S. service for 30 days in 1863, at the time of Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, leaving the state for Harrisburg on June 19. It served at Mount Union, Pennsylvania; took part in a skirmish near Clear Spring, Maryland; and on its return to the state it was assigned to duty during the draft riots. It was mustered out on August 3, 1863, having lost i enlisted man who died of disease. When the militia was called upon to protect the northern frontier of the state in the fall of 1863, it again entered the service for 30 days, serving at Buffalo, where it was mustered out on December 16.
Seventy-fifth Regiment.—(See 37th Infantry.) Seventy-seventh Regiment.—Colonel, Thomas Lynch; Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas Norton; Major, Philip A. McMahan. This was a New York city regiment, mustered into the U. S. service for 100 days, August 2, 1864, served its term at Elmira and was mustered out on November 19. Seventy-ninth Regiment.—This was one of the patriotic National Guard regiments, which, failing to be ordered to the front for three months at the outbreak of the war, gave the country the benefit of its previous drill and military experience by enlisting as volunteers for three years. It was known as the 79th "Highlanders" (q. v.).
Eighty-fourth Regiment.—Colonel, Frederick A. Conkling; Lieutenant Colonel, Angus Cameron; Major, Thomas Barclay. The 84th was a New York city regiment, and entered the U. S. service for 30 days in June, 1863. It left the state on July 3 and proceeded to Baltimore; served in the 8th corps, Middle Department, for one month in the defenses of Baltimore; and was mustered out on August 4. It was again mustered into the U. S. service, for a term of 100 days, July 12, 1864, and under command of Colonel Conkling was on duty at and near Washington, D. C, Great Falls, Maryland, and Winchester, Virginia. Part of the regiment participated in a skirmish with guerrillas near Muddy Branch, Maryland. The regiment was mustered out on October 29, having lost by death from all causes during the campaign, 1 officer and 11 enlisted men.
Ninety-third Regiment.—This was a New York city regiment and was mustered into the U. S. service, for 100 days, July 20, 1864. It left the state the same day, commanded by Colonel W. R. W. Chambers, and was mustered out on November 1, having lost 2 enlisted men who died of disease during the campaign. Ninety-eighth Regiment.—Colonel, George Abbott; Major, William B. Church. This was an Erie county regiment, which was mustered into the U. S. service for 100 days, August 10, 1864; served at the depot, Elmira, and was mustered out on December 22, having suffered a loss of 2 enlisted men who died of disease during the term of service.
Ninety-ninth Regiment.—Colonel, John O'Mahone; Lieutenant-Colonel, Patrick Leonard; Major, Patrick F. Hannon. This was a New York city regiment, mustered into the U. S. service for 100 days, August 2, 1864; served at the depot, Elmira, until mustered out on November 9. It lost during service 1 officer who died of disease.
One Hundred and Second Regiment.—A New York city regiment, commanded by Colonel John N. Wilsey, was mustered into the U. S. service for 100 days, August 6, 1864; served at the depot, Elmira, and was mustered out on November 13. It lost during this term of service 2 enlisted men who died of disease.
U. S. Colored Troops.—The state of New York is credited by the war department with a total of 4,125 men furnished for the colored troops of the United States. Three regiments were organized in New York under the auspices of the Union League Club, a fund of $18,000 being contributed by the members for that purpose. These regiments were organized in the early part of 1864, and were designated the 20th, 26th and 31st regiments of infantry, U. S. colored troops.
Twentieth Infantry.—This regiment, Colonel Nelson B. Bartram, was organized at Riker's island, New York harbor, February 9, 1864, for three years' service. Its term of active service was spent in the Department of the East until March, 1864: in the District of New Orleans, Department of the Gulf, until January, 1865; and in the Southern Division of Louisiana, Department of the Gulf, until the date of its muster out, October 7, 1865. During its term of service the regiment lost by death, 1 enlisted man mortally wounded in action; 2 officers and 282 enlisted men died of disease and other causes.
Twenty-sixth Infantry.—This regiment. Colonel William Silliman, was also organized at Riker's island, February 27, 1864, for three years' service, which was passed in the Department of the East until March. 1864; in the District of Beaufort, Department of the South, until April, 1865; and at Port Royal, S. C., until the date of its discharge and muster out, under Colonel William Guernsey, August 28, 1865. The regiment lost during service 2 officers, 28 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded in action; from disease and other causes, 3 officers and 112 enlisted men, a total of 145.
Thirty-first Infantry.—This regiment, Colonel Henry C. Ward, was partly organized at Hart's island, New York harbor, April 29, 1864, but completed its organization in the field. November 14, 1864, the 30th Conn, colored infantry contributing to its membership. It was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, and became a part of Ferrero's division, 9th corps, with which it took a prominent part in the siege of Petersburg. Late in 1864, Ferrero's division was permanently detached from the 9th corps, and the 31st was assigned to the 1st brigade, Kautz's division, of the newly formed 25th corps, composed entirely of black regiments. Near the close of the war it was ordered to North Carolina, and placed in the 1st brigade, Paine's (3d) division of colored troops, 10th corps. It served in this command until August, 1865, when the 10th corps was discontinued; and in the District of New Berne, N. C., until the date of its muster out, November 7, 1865. The regiment lost by death, 3 officers, 54 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; from disease and other causes, 1 officer and 123 enlisted men, a total of 181.
DANIEL E. SICKLES
Major-General Daniel E. Sickles was born in the city of New York October 20, 1825, his parents being George G. and Susan (Marsh) Sickles. He was educated in the University of New York, after which he learned the printer's trade and followed that occupation for a few years. He then took up the study of law, was admitted to the bar in 1846, and began the practice of his profession in his native city. He soon became active in politics and held a prominent place in the councils of Tammany Hall. In 1857 he was elected to the legislature and about the same time was commissioned major of the 12th regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. In 1853 he was made attorney for the city, but resigned to become secretary of the legation in London. In 1855 he returned to New York; was elected to the state senate in 1856, and to Congress in 1857. When the Civil war broke out he raised the Excelsior brigade, which in the Peninsular campaign of 1862 was the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 3d army corps, and distinguished itself at Williamsburg, Fair Oaks and in the Seven Days' battles. General Sickles took a prominent part in the battle of Antietam, soon after which he became commander of a division. In 1863 he was made a major-general and assigned to the command of the 3d corps. At Gettysburg he lost a leg but continued in active service until 1865. In 1865 he was assigned to the command of the military department of the South and the same year went on a confidential mission to South America. In 1866 he was appointed colonel of the 42nd U. S. infantry and assigned to the command of the district composed of the Carolinas. In 1866 he was appointed minister to Holland, but declined. In 1869 he was retired with the full rank of major-general and the same year declined the mission to Mexico, but accepted an appointment to Spain, where he served as U. S. minister until 1873. For several years he was president of the state board of civil service commissioners; was elected sheriff of New York in 1890; served in the lower house of Congress from 1892 to 1894, and was active in the reorganization of the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad Company. He still lives in New York, practically retired from the active duties and cares of life, though he still takes a keen interest in all questions of public policy. General Sickles has edited the chapter in this work pertaining to the "Military Affairs in New York."