Campaigns and Battles - C

C:  Cabin Creek, Indian Territory, to Cypress Swamp, Tennessee

Source: The Union Army, Vol. V. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.


Cabin Creek, Indian Territory, July 1-2, 1863. Detachment of the 3d Wisconsin, 2nd Colorado, 9th and 14th Kansas Cavalry, 1st Kansas (Colored) Infantry, 3d Indian Home Guards and the 2nd Kansas Battery. On June 26 the detachment, under the command of Colonel J. M. Williams, of the colored regiment, left Baxter Springs, Kansas, with a supply train for Fort Blunt, in the Indian Territory. Upon reaching Cabin creek, about noon on July 1, the enemy was found strongly posted in a thicket on the opposite side of the stream in a position commanding the approach to the ford. This force, consisting of McIntosh’s and Stand Watie's Cherokee and Creek regiments, with about 600 Texas rangers, numbered from 1,600 to 1,800 men. One of the howitzers was ordered forward and a brisk fire of shell and canister poured into the thicket, but without effect. Owing to recent rains the creek was too high to risk crossing with the train, and Williams withdrew a short distance to wait until the next morning. The plan of attack on the 2nd was to place 2 pieces of artillery on the extreme left, 2 in the center and 1 on the right, and attempt to cross under the fire of the guns. The Indian home guards were deployed on the right and left of the ford and the main body placed in the center. For a half hour the artillery shelled the woods on the opposite bank, the enemy at first responding with a brisk fire, which gradually grew less, when the main column moved forward across the creek, quickly formed on the other side and by a vigorous charge drove the enemy from his position. The Kansas cavalry, under Captain Stewart, followed for some distance and succeeded in taking 9 prisoners. The Union loss was 3 killed and 30 wounded. The loss of the enemy in killed and wounded was not learned.


Cabin Creek, Indian Territory, July 20, 1863. Cabin Creek, Indian Territory, September 19, 1864. 2nd, 6th and 14th Kansas Cavalry and 1st and 3d Indian Home Guards. On the 12th a supply train left Fort Scott, Kansas, with an escort of 260 men, commanded by Major Henry Hopkins, of the 2nd Kansas cavalry. The train consisted of 205 government wagons, 91 sutler wagons and 4 ambulances, the destination being Fort Gibson, Indian Territory On the afternoon of the 18th Cabin creek was reached and Hopkins halted, having received a dispatch from the commander at Fort Gibson instructing him to wait there for further orders to move the train. A scout of 25 men was sent out to ascertain the position and strength of the enemy, which was known to be in the vicinity. About 3 miles south of the station at Cabin creek a large body of the enemy was found in a hollow in the prairie. In the meantime the escort had received reinforcements that brought the number up to about 600 men. Hopkins placed a strong picket and arranged his train in the best possible position to resist an attack. About midnight the pickets were driven in and an hour later the enemy, about 2,000 or 2,500 strong, opened fire with his artillery in front and on the right. The escort put up a brave resistance and held Page 201 them in check until after daylight, when the artillery was moved up to within 100 yards of the Union position and Hopkins ordered a retreat. At the first fire the teamsters stampeded, taking one or more mules from each team, which made it impossible to save the train, except a few wagons and an ambulance. The rest of the train fell into the hands of the enemy, who took over 1,200 mules and about 100 wagons, and destroyed the rest. The Union loss was about 35 men in killed, wounded and missing. That of the enemy was not learned.


Cabin Point, Virginia, August 5, 1864. 1st U. S. Colored Cavalry.


Cacapon Bridge, Virginia, September 6, 1862. 1st New York Cavalry. Cacapon Mountain, West Virginia, August 6, 1863.


Cache River Bridge, Arkansas, May 28, 1862. 9th Illinois Cavalry. Five companies of the regiment were sent out on a scouting expedition, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel H. F. Sickles. At Cache river he came upon a considerable force of Confederates and was soon engaged in a lively skirmish. The enemy had partially destroyed the bridge, which made it difficult for a time to cross the stream. But some worked while others held the enemy at bay and in time the bridge was sufficiently repaired for the troops to cross. In this skirmish the Union loss was 2 men wounded. That of the Confederates was 3 killed, 4 wounded and 1 captured.


Cache Valley, Utah Territory, November 23, 1862. 2nd Cavalry California Volunteers. A detachment of the regiment, under Major Edward McGarry, left Camp Douglas on the 20th for Cache valley, to rescue a prisoner from the hands of the Indians. Upon arriving in the valley late on the evening of the 22nd, McGarry learned the location of the Indian camp and disposed his forces for a surprise and attack at daybreak. During the night the Indians all left, with the exception of two squaws and one man, who were captured. About 8 o'clock some 30 or 40 mounted Indians appeared at the mouth of a canon and began to make warlike demonstrations. McGarry accepted the challenge, divided his men into three parties for an attack on both flanks and in the center, and issued orders to kill, every Indian that could be seen. After about two hours' fighting Chief Bear Hunter raised a flag of truce and a little while later surrendered over 20 of his men. The Indians lost 3 men killed and 1 wounded. The prisoner was recovered.


Cackleytown, West Virginia, November 4-5, 1864. 14th Pennsylvania cavalry, 2nd, 3d and 8th West Virginia Mounted Infantry, and Swing's Battery. The 14th Pennsylvania and the 3d West Virginia, commanded by Colonel J. N. Schoonmaker of the former, left Huntersville a little while before noon, with instructions to intercept a Confederate force lying at Marling's bottom. The enemy got wind of the arrival of the Federal troops at Huntersville, however, and moved out on the Lewisburg pike. At the junction of that road and the one leading to Cackleytown a strong picket was posted to blockade the latter and check any pursuit likely to be made. When Schoonmaker reached this point he took in the situation, skirmished with the enemy until he secured an advantageous position and then cleared the road, which he held until the next morning, sending up rockets to announce the result .of his action. At the break of day on the 5th the Confederates, reinforced by 2 pieces of artillery, returned to the attack. Seeing that he was greatly outnumbered, Schoonmaker ordered his men to fall back to a more sheltered position. The enemy, thinking this was a retreat, began a charge with his infantry, but just at this juncture Oley arrived on the scene with the 8th West Virginia mounted infantry and a section of Ewing's battery. The Union lines were quickly reformed and a general advance made, which forced the Confederates to abandon the fight and retire toward Lewisburg. No report of the casualties on either side.


Caddo Gap, Arkansas, November 11, 1863. Detachment First Brigade, Cavalry Division. The detachment left Benton, Arkansas, on the morning of the 10th, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Henry C. Caldwell, of the 3d la. cavalry, and marched through Clark county to Murfreesboro. Here Caldwell learned that Major Witherspoon, with part of his command, was encamped at Caddo gap. Selecting 125 men of the 1st Missouri cavalry Caldwell sent them forward, with orders to charge the camp before the enemy had time to form or offer any resistance. The orders were carried out, the pickets run down and, guided by the camp fires, the men charged right into the camp, capturing Witherspoon with 13 of his men, all the horses and camp equipage, arms, equipments, etc. The attack was so sudden and unexpected that many of the Confederates took to the woods with nothing on but their shirts, but the darkness and underbrush precluded pursuit.


Caddo Gap and Scott's Farm, Arkansas, February 12, 1864. 2nd Kansas Cavalry.


Caddo Mill, Arkansas, December 14, 1863. Scout of the 2nd Kansas Cavalry. The scouting party of 40 men was sent out from Waldron on the 13th, under Lieuts. Cosgrove and Mitchell. About sunset on the 14th they reached Farrar's mill and there learned that a party of Confederates was at Caddo mill, 7 miles distant. Pushing on they came upon the camp about half a mile from the mill. A charge was ordered and the enemy was completely routed, with a loss of 2 killed and several wounded. One man was taken prisoner, with 8 negroes, 3 wagons, 6 mules and 6 horses.


Cahawba River, Alabama, April 7, 1865. (See Fike's Ferry.) Cainsville, Tennessee, February 15, 1863. 123d Illinois Volunteers and part of the 5th Tennessee Cavalry. Colonel James Monroe left Murfreesboro on the 12th with 240 infantry and 20 cavalry for a scouting expedition between Lebanon and Sparta turnpikes. On the 15th, when about 3 miles from Cainsville, he discovered that he was being followed by from 300 to 500 of Colonel Adam Johnson's cavalry. Turning to the right he gained the top of an elevation known as Pierce's hill, where he took a position overlooking a narrow, muddy lane. A few mounted men were sent out into the valley as decoys. In a short time they were fired upon and retreated toward the hill, hotly pursued by the whole force of the enemy. When they were within about 60 yards of the infantry the latter opened fire. The Confederates whirled their horses and in endeavoring to retreat became jammed in the lane, where a murderous fire was poured in upon their flanks. In a little while muskets, carbines, saddles, blankets and loose horses were everywhere. Some of the Confederates spurred over the hills toward Cainsville. The loss of the enemy was estimated at 50 in killed and wounded and 6 men were taken prisoners, together with 22 horses, 5 mules, 17 saddles and bridles, 10 carbines and 5 muskets. The casualties on the Union side were 3 men slightly wounded. Cairo Station, West Virginia, May 7, 1863. This was an incident of the raid made by Brigadier-General W. E. Jones, of the Confederate army, on the Northwestern railroad. Part of his command, under Lieutenant-Colonel White, reached Cairo on the 7th to find a small guard of Federal soldiers. White surrounded the town and was making preparations to charge, when the guard surrendered without resistance.


Cajoude Arivaypo, New Mexico, May 7, 1863.


Caledonia, Louisiana, May 10, 1863. Detachment 16th Wisconsin Infantry and 1st Kansas Mounted Infantry. On the 8th Captain Zesch, with six companies of the 1st Kansas, made a reconnaissance to Bayou Macon and sent about 20 men across on a raft near Caledonia. These shortly returned with the report that the enemy was too strongly posted to risk Page 203 an attack, and Zesch fell back to Old river to wait for reinforcements. Major Roberts, of the 1st Kansas, was then sent to Zesch's assistance with loo men of the ist Wisconsin During the day and night of the 9th a bridge was thrown across the bayou and on the morning of the 10th the entire force crossed over, charged the enemy, drove them from their position and pursued them to Pin Hook, where they found shelter in some log houses. Seeing that they could not be dislodged without artillery Roberts withdrew his forces, recrossed the bayou and destroyed the bridge. The Union loss was 1 killed, 8 wounded and 3 missing. One man was drowned while trying to cross a bayou as a bearer of despatches. Of the enemy 4 were left dead on the field and it is known that a number were wounded. Caledonia, Missouri, September 12, 1864. 14 men from the 3d Missouri State Militia Cavalry. The squad, commanded by Sergt. Warfield, was attacked by some 30 or 40 guerrillas, but they were repulsed with a loss of 1 man killed and several wounded. Warfield had 2 men wounded. Caledonia, Missouri, September 28, 1864. Ewing's Brigade, 2nd Division, 16th Army Corps. During Price's Missouri expedition Captain Hills of the 10th Kansas was sent with 10 men from the Potosi road to Mineral Point, to notify the command there of General Ewing's approach. At Caledonia a party of 25 Confederates was encountered by Hills, charged and routed with a loss of 1 man killed.


Caledonia Iron Works, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1863. The skirmish at Caledonia irons works (or Stevens' furnace) on this date was an incident of the pursuit of the Confederate army from Gettysburg. No detailed report of the action appears in the official records of the war.


Calfkiller Creek, Tennessee, August 17, 1863. ist Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division. Colonel Robert G. Minty, commanding the brigade, after driving in the enemy's pickets near Sparta, sent the 7th Pennsylvania and 4th Michigan up the east side of Calfkiller creek to Sperry's mill, where they met Dibrell's brigade of Confederate cavalry and after a spirited skirmish drove it across the creek. Minty, with the 3d Indiana and 4th regulars, moved up the west side of the creek with the intention of cutting off the retreat, but owing to the uneven surface of the ground was unable to accomplish his purpose. No casualties reported.


Calfkiller Creek, Tennessee, February 22, 1864. Two Companies 5th Tennessee Cavalry. The two companies, which had been on a scouting expedition, were returning to camp at Sparta, when they were attacked by about 300 Confederates on Calfkiller creek, and after fighting for some time were surrounded and overwhelmed. The officers, with 45 men, managed to cut their way through the lines and finally reached camp by a circuitous route through the hills.


Calfkiller Creek, Tennessee, March 11, 1864. Detachment 5th Tennessee Cavalry. Colonel William B. Stokes, commanding the regiment, learning that the enemy was on Calfkiller creek, sent out a scout of 80 men under Captains Blackburn and Waters to ascertain the strength and position of the party. About 10 miles from Sparta they came upon 150 Confederates in a strong position. A skirmish ensued, which lasted one hour, at the end of which time the enemy was driven into the mountains with a loss of 1 killed and several wounded. The Federal loss was 1 killed and 4 wounded.


Calhoun, Georgia, May 16, 1864. 4th Army Corps. After the evacuation of Resaca by the Confederates there was a general southward movement by the Army of the Tennessee, with almost constant skirmishing. As the 4th corps approached Calhoun on the 16th a deserter came into the Union lines with the information that the enemy was drawn up in line of battle about one and a half miles in front, and that the force consisted of three brigades of infantry. The advance proceeded Page 204 with some caution and reached a point about half a mile from Calhoun a little before 7 o'clock in the evening. Here a sharp skirmish occurred with a regiment of infantry and the rear-guard of cavalry, the Confederate retreat having already begun. After the enemy was driven off the corps went into bivouac for the night. Newton's division lost 2 men killed and 5 or 6 wounded in the skirmish. No other casualties reported.


Calhoun, Georgia, June 10, 1864. Detachment, 3d Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland. A small patrol guard of cavalry belonging to the 3d division was attacked by about 300 Confederate cavalry, who succeeded in throwing a train from the track and burning 6 cars. Colonel W. W. Lowe, commanding the division, immediately sent reinforcements, reopened traffic on the railroad and pursued the attacking party for some distance, but without overtaking it.


Calhoun, Kentucky, November 25, 1862.


Calhoun, Mississippi, July 12, 1863. Bussey's Cavalry Division, 9th Army Corps. This was an incident of the Jackson campaign. Bussey reached Calhoun about 6 a. m., burned 2 locomotives, 25 cars, the depot, which contained 100 bales of cotton, and destroyed the track for about half a mile, afterward moving on toward Canton, skirmishing with the enemy along the road.


Calhoun, Missouri, January 4, 1862. Organization not recorded. Calhoun,' Missouri, June 12, 1864. Citizens' Guard. Brigadier-General Egbert B. Brown, commanding the district of central Missouri, reports under date of June 15: "* * * on the evening of the 12th instant a party of 20 guerrillas made a dash into Calhoun, burnt one church, one tavern, two dwelling-houses, and robbed two stores. The leader, Dr. Beck, a notorious character, was killed by Lieutenant Sallee, of the citizens' guard; 3 of the guards were wounded."


Calhoun, Tennessee, September 18, 1863.


Calhoun, Tennessee, September 25, 1863. 1st Brigade, 4th Division, 23d Army Corps. Colonel Robert K. Byrd, commanding the brigade, sent out scouting parties on the Cleveland, Dalton and Chatata roads, to learn the strength and position of the enemy. About 9 a. m. Captain Humphrey, who had gone out on the Cleveland road, reported that he had been attacked by a large force and compelled to fall back. Byrd immediately sent part of the 112th Illinois mounted infantry to the assistance of Humphrey and began taking measures to defend the town against an attack. About this time word came from the Dalton road that the enemy was advancing in force from that direction. The remainder of the 112th was hurried to the ford to occupy some rifle-pits there, and the battery was placed to command the approach to the ford. Hardly had these arrangements been made when a despatch was received that a large force was approaching over the Chatata road. Byrd then recalled all his pickets on the opposite side of the river to prevent their being cut off, sent the 8th Michigan cavalry, dismounted, to the bank of the river, and placed the 1st East Tennessee to support the battery. As soon as the enemy made his appearance Byrd opened with his artillery, which checked the advance for a time, but the Confederates soon got some heavy rifled guns on a bluff overlooking Byrd's position and began shelling. The fight lasted for two hours, when the enemy succeeded in getting flanking parties across the river, both above and below, and Byrd was forced to retire toward Athens, which he did in good order, the 8th Michigan cavalry acting as rear-guard and holding the enemy in check. The Union forces in this engagement numbered about 1,200 men, while the strength of the enemy was estimated at 8,000.


Calhoun, or Haguewood Prairie, Tennessee, September 26, 1863. Calhoun, Tennessee, November 26, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland. In connection with the Chattanooga-Ringgold Page 205 campaign this brigade, commanded by Colonel Eli Long, of the 4th Ohio cavalry, made a raid on the East Tennessee & Georgia railroad. On the 26th, while the command was at Cleveland, Long sent out a detachment, under Colonel Seidel of the 3d Ohio, with instructions to proceed as far as the Hiawassee river if possible, learn the strength of the enemy at Charleston, and tear up the railroad. At Calhoun Seidel encountered Kelly's brigade, with several pieces of artillery, but succeeded in driving the Confederates across the river. The 98th Illinois mounted infantry then tore up the track at several points between Calhoun and Cleveland. Seidel lost 1 man wounded.


Calhoun, Tennessee, December 28, 1863. (See Charleston, same date.) Calhoun County, West Virginia, September 8, 1863. Calico Rock, Arkansas, May 26, 1862. California, Missouri, October 9, 1864. Sanborn's Cavalry Division and Batteries H and L, 2nd Missouri Artillery. This was an incident of Price's Missouri expedition. When the head of the Federal column emerged from the timber upon the open prairie, a mile from California, about 5 p: m., Marmaduke's division was found drawn up to dispute entrance to the town, while a large force was engaged in tearing up the railroad. The 1st brigade, consisting of the 1st, 4th, and 7th Missouri and the 1st la. cavalry and commanded by Colonel John F. Philips, was in the advance. The 4th was immediately dismounted and deployed; the 7th was also dismounted and moved rapidly to the left, with instructions to charge the enemy's right; the other Missouri regiment formed the center, and the 1st la. was stationed in reserve. The enemy opened with his artillery. Wachsman's battery was ordered up and soon began a telling fire upon the Confederate center, the whole line advancing under the fire. The 7th Missouri moved at the double-quick, drove in the skirmishers, and with a yell charged the enemy's right with such impetuosity that it gave way. The center, which had begun to waver under the shelling of Wachsman's battery, also broke and retreated to the north side of the railroad, leaving their artillery unprotected. The officer in charge of the battery saw this, however, in time to withdraw his guns and save them from being captured. The 7th Missouri was the first to enter the town, and soon swept it of the last straggling Confederates. Fagan's division formed Price's advance and commenced to retreat as soon as the fight began. The ammunition train was placed between this and Marmaduke's division, thus preventing its capture or destruction. The Union loss was reported as 3 men wounded. That of the enemy was much greater, as the citizens told Philips that large numbers of wounded were carried away.


California House, Missouri, August 29, 1862. 13th Missouri Militia Cavalry. A body of Confederates, about 300 strong, while moving through Pulaski county, was fired upon by Federal pickets at the California House, 7 miles from Waynesville. The firing was unexpected and the enemy, not knowing the size of the party who did it, scattered in different directions. The pickets brought in 2 prisoners, 9 horses and several guns that some of the men threw away in their flight. Captains Long and Murphy went in pursuit, killed 7 and wounded several, with a loss of 1 man killed and 3 wounded. Murphy continued the chase for about 18 miles, forcing 29 of them to surrender to a militia company in Osage county. He also sent 9 prisoners to Jefferson City and destroyed all the skiffs at McKerk landing, where the party intended to cross the river. California House, Missouri, October 18, 1862. 13th Missouri Militia Cavalry. Colonel Albert Sigel, commanding the post at Waynesville, received word on the evening of the 17th that a force of 200 Confederates had crossed the Missouri river at Portland the night before. He sent out Captain Murphy with 75 men, toward the Gasconade river, and held a larger party in readiness to strike, whenever the enemy could be located. Page 206 About 10 o'clock on the 18th a report was received from Murphy that he was in hot pursuit, and that the Confederates were going in a southwesterly direction. Sigel immediately started for the California House, 7 miles west, and upon arriving there had barely time to get into position when his advance guard was driven in. The Union forces were so disposed that the attack was made from all sides and in a few minutes the enemy broke and fled. Sigel had 1 man slightly wounded. The number of the enemy killed was estimated at 20, about as many more were wounded and 3 captured.


California House, Missouri, February 12, 1864. Detachment 8th Cavalry, Missouri State Militia. The westbound stage, escorted by 9 men of the 8th regiment, was attached about 4 miles west of the California House by a company of bushwhackers early in the morning. About 20 of the attacking party were killed, the escort losing but 1 man.


Callaghan's Station, Virginia, May 4, 1864.


Callaway County, Missouri, August 28, 1863. Detachment, 1st Provisional Missouri Enrolled Militia. A scouting party, commanded by Major Lewis P. Miller, came up with a party of Confederates near the old Morse mill and in a skirmish killed 1 and wounded another, without loss. Miller then pursued them for some distance in the direction of Portland.


Camargo Cross-Roads, Mississippi, July 13, 1864. Part of the 16th Army Corps. On the 5th an expedition was started from LaGrange, Tennessee, to Tupelo, Mississippi It consisted of the 1st and 3d divisions of the 16th corps, Grierson's cavalry division, the 1st brigade of U. S. colored troops and 7 batteries of artillery, and was under the command of Major-General Andrew J. Smith. The expedition broke camp at Pontotoc on the morning of the 13th and marched toward Tupelo, 18 miles distant, with Colonel Winslow's cavalry brigade in the front and the colored troops and the 7th Kansas cavalry in the rear. Winslow kept up a running skirmish for nearly 10 miles, with a detachment of the enemy's cavalry, killing 7 and wounding a large number. During this time the rear-guard was called on to repulse three attacks from that quarter. When within about six miles of Tupelo the enemy opened a heavy fire of musketry from ambush at short range. Two guns of Battery E, 1st Illinois light artillery, were quickly wheeled into position and began pouring a rapid fire of canister into the Confederate ranks. About this time a charge was made upon the train by four brigades of cavalry. Colonel Ward's brigade, which had been marching on the right flank, repulsed the attack and captured a stand of colors. The enemy quickly rallied and again attacked the train, this time a short distance from the rear. This attack was promptly met by the 1st brigade of the 1st division, commanded by Colonel W. L. McMillen, who ordered a charge, when the enemy was routed in confusion with severe loss, which put an end to the hostilities for the day. Cambridge, Missouri, September 26, 1862. Company E, 9th Missouri Militia Cavalry. While on a scout near Cambridge, the company, commanded by Lieutenant Pinhard, was fired upon from ambush. Pinhard and 2 others were killed, and 2 were seriously wounded. The remainder of the company immediately gave chase, but the enemy made his escape, leaving 2 horses and 2 guns behind.


Camden, Arkansas (Expedition to), March 23-May 3, 1864. Major-General Frederick Steele, commanding the U. S. forces in the Department of Arkansas, left Little Rock with his command on March 23, 1864. His plan was to cooperate with the forces under Major-General Banks for an expedition against Shreveport. Brigadier-General John M. Thayer, commanding the Department of the Frontier, was to move from Fort Smith at the same time and unite with Steele on the march. Steele's command consisted of the 3d division, 13th army corps, 5,127 strong; Thayer had Page 207 5,082 infantry and the cavalry strength of the expedition was 3,428—a total of 13,754 men. The 3d division was directly under Brigadier-General Frederick Salomon, whose brigade commanders were Brigadier-General Samuel A. Rice and Colonels William E. McLean and Adolph Engelmann. The artillery of the division under Captain Gustave Stange comprised Battery E, Missouri light artillery, Vaughn's Illinois battery and a Wisconsin battery manned by Company F, 9th Wisconsin infantry. The brigade commanders of the Frontier (Thayer's) division were Colonel John Edwards of the 1st, Colonel Charles W. Adams of the 2nd, and Lieutenant-Colonel Owen A. Bassett of the 3d or cavalry brigade. Brigadier-General Eugene A. Carr's cavalry division comprised 2 brigades, commanded by Colonels John F. Ritter and Daniel Anderson. The Pine Bluff garrison, under Colonel Clayton Powell, which moved in conjunction with Steele, consisted of the 18th Illinois and 28th Wisconsin infantry, the 7th Missouri and detachments of the 5th Kansas and 1st Indiana cavalry—2435 men. On the day that Steele left Little Rock his pickets, members of the 3d Arkansas cavalry, were attacked on the Benton road and 2 captured, the remainder being driven back until the 2nd Missouri cavalry came to reinforce them. When the column moved into Benton next day, the advance having been fired upon from ambush several times, a few of the enemy's cavalry were encountered and driven out. On the way to Rockport continual skirmishing was done. At sunset on the 27th Powell started with an expedition from Pine Bluff for Mount Elba and Longview, a cavalry force under Lieuts. Young and Greathouse in the meantime being sent to make a feint in the direction of Monticello. When near Branchville these two encountered and skirmished with a Confederate picket. After a skirmish at Brooks' mill the lieutenants built a great number of camp-fires so as to mislead the Confederates as to the location of their main force. Late in the evening of the 28th they rejoined Powell at Mount Elba, which the latter had occupied after driving away a force of the enemy. During the night the bridge over the Saline was repaired and early next morning Powell, leaving Lieutenant-Colonel Marks with the infantry, 3 pieces of artillery and a squadron of cavalry to guard the bridge, crossed the river and moved in the direction of Camden. Eight miles from the river the roads from Camden, Princeton and Long View and one from up the river converge. Making this point the base of operations Young and Greathouse with 50 picked men were sent out to destroy the enemy's train at Long View, parties being sent out on the other roads to cover the movement. All these returned the same day except that under Young and Greathouse, who reported at 9:30 a. m. next day (30th) with 260 prisoners, 300 horses and mules, and an amount of arms and ammunition, having destroyed the bridge and the enemy's train. Powell then hastened back to Mount Elba, where the Confederates had attacked Marks. The latter had repulsed them, however, and had driven them back about a mile. Powell followed with all the available cavalry and found the enemy—two brigades under Dockery—posted in strong position. A spirited charge was made, resulting in the complete rout of the enemy, the Federal cavalry pursuing to Big creek, 5 miles distant. The next day (31st) Powell returned to Pine Bluff. Meantime, on the 29th, Steele had occupied Arkadelphia, his advance skirmishing with the enemy all the way. Thayer was to have joined him here, but the lack of forage had made it necessary for the latter to take another and longer route. On the 31st the Confederate forces under Lawther attacked the Federal advance 14 miles from Arkadelphia, compelling it, after a skirmish of an hour, to fall back some distance. Next day (April 1) Steele's advance and a party of the enemy's scouts became engaged near Arkadelphia, the Confederates being forced to Page 208 withdraw after a brief conflict. Steele encamped that night at Spoonville, advancing from there on the 2nd. While a train of 200 wagons with its escort was passing a narrow, miry defile at a small stream, a mile east of Terre Noir creek and near Antoine, about 1,200 of Shelby's cavalry made a dash on the rear-guard. The charge was checked long enough for the train to get through the defile and the artillery to get into position, when, after a few shots, the enemy retired. While Colonel Benton with the 29th la. was crossing Terre Noir creek the action was recommenced. Before he could gain an elevation near the crossing his rear was charged, but the skirmishers held the enemy in check until the forces were disposed. After a brisk fight of an hour the attack was discontinued. On the same day, while the 50th Indiana was acting as a rear-guard for the whole column, it was hotly pressed by Confederate cavalry. Salomon, with four companies of the 9th Wisconsin and 2 pieces of artillery, was ordered to take the rear. As soon as the main column was again in motion he was beaten back by a strong cavalry force, but fought his way to a hill half a mile distant, which he held until reinforced by the 50th Indiana. The enemy kept up a harassing fire until dark, but did not again charge. Earlier in the day, when the 3d brigade had reached the forks of the Camden and Washington roads, a detachment of 200 men of the 1st la. cavalry under Captain Mclntyre, was sent down the Washington road while the main column moved down the Camden pike. Mclntyre had gone but a short distance when he encountered a force much larger than his own, but after some spirited fighting defeated it and drove it back 3 miles to Wolf creek. On a hill beyond that stream the Confederates made a stand and opened artillery on the advancing column. Finding that it was impossible to dislodge them, Mclntyre retired and rejoined his brigade at Okolona. Thayer had not yet come up and Steele was beginning to grow anxious. About noon of the 2nd a force of 1,500 Confederates under Shelby attacked the rear-guard of the 3d division near Okolona. After a sharp skirmish, in which the 50th Indiana and the 29th la. participated, the enemy was repulsed and Rice withdrew his brigade to Okolona, but before he arrived there it was necessary to repulse another of Shelby's charges. When the division moved forward on the 3d Engelmann's brigade, with 6 pieces of Vaughn's battery, was left at Okolona to await the arrival of Ritter's cavalry brigade, when the two commands were to move back to Hollywood and if possible ascertain the whereabouts of Thayer. Before the cavalry arrived Engelmann was attacked. After a sharp but sanguinary fight the attacking force was driven back, and on Ritter's arrival the two brigades moved in the direction of Hollywood. Late in the evening of the 2nd McLean's brigade, by a forced inarch, took position at Elkin's ferry or ford on the Little Missouri river. On the morning of the 3d Major W. W. Norris, commanding the 43d Indiana, proceeded to the front with four companies of his regiment for the purpose of supporting the pickets of the 1st la. cavalry already thrown out. The Confederate pickets were soon located and driven back for some distance, 16 of them being captured. During the night three companies of the 36th la. and three of the 43d Indiana, Lieutenant-Colonel F. M. Drake of the la. regiment commanding, deployed to the right and left of the road leading from the ford, and a section of artillery under Lieutenant Charles Peetz was placed in a position to sweep the road. At 6 a. m. of the 4th the Confederate force (Cabell's brigade, 1,600 strong) attacked Drake, who with the support of the artillery held his position for 2 hours, and then after a charge of the enemy's cavalry, was forced to slowly fall back on his reserves. Before the reinforcements sent for, consisting of the 29th la. and the 9th Wisconsin infantry under General Rice, had arrived, Drake's command, with the rest of the 36th la., had repulsed the enemy. Page 209 On the 5th Ritter and Engelmann returned without having learned anything of the whereabouts of Thayer. Some skirmishing was done that day at Marks' mills which did not in the least retard the movement of the column. After ascertaining that the Confederates were fortifying in his front, Steele determined to move at once and early on the morning of the 6th the expedition started, skirmishing in the vicinity of the Little Missouri river, where the enemy abandoned a mile of hastily constructed breastworks of timber and earth which crowned the hills overlooking the river bottom. That night a messenger arriving at Steele's headquarters reported having passed Thayer at Rockport, and it was decided to await his coming where the Federal force was now encamped. A heavy rain fell during the night and by the next morning the river had risen 3 feet. It was dark before the pioneer corps reached the stream, by which time the head of Thayer's column had encamped on the hills at the farther side. By the evening of the 9th a bridge had been constructed, Thayer's column crossed without delay and joined Steele. On the 10th the joint command moved for Prairie D'Ane. At the intersection of the Spring Hill and Camden roads Price had posted all his available force. The skirmish which ensued was brief, the Confederates using artillery freely, but the Federals succeeded in occupying and holding the ground. The following afternoon Rice's brigade was ordered forward and drew the enemy's fire, but it was too late to bring on a general engagement and a halt was ordered. On the 12th the skirmishers became heavily engaged, but the enemy perceiving an attempt of Rice's brigade to flank him abandoned his works. More skirmishing occurred at Moscow on the 13th, and on the 14th a portion of Thayer's colored troops were engaged at Dutch mills. The 3d division encamped at White Oak creek, 18 miles from Camden, after driving the enemy from the place, and on the morning of the 15th moved forward with Rice's brigade and the artillery in advance. There was constant skirmishing with the Confederate rear-guard until the Washington and Camden road was reached, where the enemy opened fire with 5 pieces of artillery. Stange ordered his guns forward and after a spirited engagement of nearly 2 hours succeeded in dislodging the enemy's battery. The infantry was then sent forward, the 33d and 29th la. being deployed on the right and left respectively, while the 9th Wisconsin successfully turned the enemy's left flank. The Confederates were followed closely to Camden, skirmishing all the way, and Rice occupied the town shortly after sunset. From the 16th to the 18th inclusive foraging parties sent out from Camden encountered bands of Confederates who had been sent to burn the supplies of corn at Liberty post office, Red Mound and other places. A party of Federal cavalry captured a boat on the Ouachita river 30 miles below Camden with 3,000 bushels of corn and brought it to the Federal encampment on the 16th. A detachment of the Frontier division, with cavalry and artillery, while escorting a foraging train, was attacked near Poison spring by Price. Colonel James M. Williams, commanding, formed his men in battle array and repulsed, with heavy loss both to himself and the enemy, two dashing charges, but after a 4-hours' fight he was overwhelmed and obliged to withdraw, abandoning the train of 198 wagons. The wounded negro soldiers were killed in cold blood after the Confederates had won the field. On the 20th a slight skirmish occurred near Camden and in the evening of the 23d Price opened an artillery fire on the outposts of the town, following it up on the 24th. On the 23d, also, there was a small affair at Swan lake, not far distant from Camden. On the 22nd the supply train, comprising 240 wagons, was sent out, McLean's brigade and 400 cavalry acting as escort. When it arrived at Page 210 Marks' mills on the 25th Fagan's cavalry, 5,000 strong, made a dashing charge and a fight lasting 3 hours ensued, in which the enemy overwhelmed the Federal command, McLean was wounded, and the train, with the larger part of the escort captured. A cavalry force sent from Pine Bluff arrived just in time to participate in the finish of the engagement. Another portion of the Union command did some skirmishing at Moro bottoms on the 25th and 26th. Banks' movement against Shreveport had failed and he had fallen back behind intrenchments at Grand Ecore because of a severe defeat at Pleasant hill. From Grand Ecore he sent a messenger to Steele asking that reinforcements be sent him, but Steele replied that such a move was an impossibility owing to the lack of forage in the country to be passed through and the superior force of the enemy, who had been reinforced by 8,000 of Kirby Smith's men on the 22nd. The loss of the wagon train, however, necessitated a move of some kind and on the evening of the 25th Steele announced his intention of withdrawing from Camden. Accordingly on the night of the 26th the Federal column moved quietly out and commenced the retrograde movement to Little Rock on the Jenkins' Ferry road via Princeton. The latter place was reached on the 28th and some sharp skirmishing was done with the advance of the pursuing enemy, whose cavalry attempted unavailingly to break the Union line. On the 29th the Saline river was reached at Jenkins' ferry, where there was some skirmishing with the enemy's advance on that day and early next morning. The river bottom at this point is 2 miles wide and while the expedition was crossing the stream Salomon's brigade was called upon to repulse a heavy attack. Again at 10:30 a. m. another desperate assault was made on the Union line, but again the enemy was repulsed and driven for some distance, losing 2 guns and a number of prisoners. Steele then crossed without further interruption, but found it necessary to abandon several wagons because of the condition of the roads. A scouting party was routed on the same day at Whitmore's mill by a force of Confederate cavalry. Steele proceeded to Little Rock, which he entered on the 3d of May. The Federal losses in this expedition were in the neighborhood of 700. A large number of men were captured, Shelby alone claiming to have taken over 1,000. The Confederate casualties in killed and wounded were about the same.


Camden, South Carolina, February 24, 1865. Detachment 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, 15th Army Corps. The brigade, commanded by Colonel Robert N. Adams, of the 81 st Ohio infantry, marched from the Wateree river on the Young's Point road toward Camden. When within 5 miles of the town a foraging party fell in with some of the enemy's cavalry. A skirmish ensued, in which 14 of the Federals were captured. Adams left the main body of his command, and with the 12th Illinois and four companies of the 66th Illinois moved toward Camden. Upon entering the town he had a slight skirmish with a small force of Confederates, but succeeded in releasing the 14 prisoners and capturing 6 of the enemy. He then destroyed the public property, consisting of two depots, an engine house and a commissary building containing 300 boxes of soap, 200 barrels of meat, 2,000 sacks of flour and corn meal, 20 hogsheads of rice, and 300 horse collars, also a large quantity of cotton, a large flour mill, containing several thousand bushels of wheat and corn, after which he rejoined his brigade.


Camden Court-House, North Carolina, October 17, 1863. Detachment 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry. The detachment, numbering 40 men, under the command of Major W. G. McCandless, was returning to camp from a scout to Camden Court-House, when, in passing through a swamp about 4 miles from the court-house, the rear was fired on by some guerrillas Page 211 from ambush. Two men were killed and one wounded. Pursuit was made, but the guerrillas were not overtaken, owing to their better knowledge of the country. Camden Point, Missouri, July 13, 1863. 2nd Colorado Cavalry. A detachment of the regiment, under command of Lieutenant Parsons, returning from Kansas City, reached Camden Point about 4 p. m. on the 13th. There they found a small force of Confederates and a skirmish ensued, in which the enemy was completely routed with a loss of several in killed and wounded. The Union loss was 1 man killed and 1 wounded. Parsons pursued them for about a mile, but was unable to inflict further punishment.


Camden Point, Missouri, July 22, 1864. Home Guards. Some of Cox's home guards pursued a body of bushwhackers and overtook them about 4 miles north of Camden Point and 3 miles west of Union Mills. There the guerrillas concealed themselves in the brush and fired from ambush on the advance as it approached. Cox dismounted part of his men, went in and after two or three attempts drove them from cover and scattered them in all directions, killing 2 and wounding 16. The Union loss was 1 killed, 3 severely and several slightly wounded.


Cameron, Missouri, October 12, 1861. Major James' Cavalry.


Cameron, Virginia, January 27, 1864. Train on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad.


Camp Advance, Virginia, September 29, 1861. 69th and 71st Pennsylvania Infantry. The two regiments, belonging to Baker's brigade, were ordered to make a night march from Camp Advance to Poolesville. About midnight, when near Vanderburgh's house on Munson's hill, the 71st encountered the pickets of the 4th Michigan and a New York regiment, and in the darkness each side mistook the other for the enemy and began firing without orders. Colonel I. J. Wistar, commanding the 71st, rode between the lines and by heroic efforts finally restored something like order. In this affair the 71st lost 4 killed and 14 wounded. The skirmishers of the 69th were also engaged in the firing, but no casualties were reported in that regiment.


Camp Alleghany, Virginia, December 13, 1861. Detachment 2nd Brigade, Cheat Mountain Division. The detachment left Cheat mountain on the afternoon of the 12th, the object being to attack the Confederate force at Camp Alleghany at daybreak the next morning. It was commanded by Brigadier-General Robert H. Milroy, and consisted of 700 of the 9th Indiana, 400 of the 25th Ohio, 250 of the 2nd Virginia, 300 of the 13th Indiana, 130 of the 32nd Ohio, all infantry, and 30 of Captain Bracken's cavalry. Two companies of the 9th Indiana had been sent in the morning to take possession of the old Confederate Camp Bartow at Greenbrier and hold it until the arrival of the expedition. This point was reached a little while after dark. After a few hours' rest Milroy divided his forces for an attack on the left, where the enemy's artillery was known to be stationed, and also on the right and rear. Colonel Moody, with the men of the 9th Indiana and 2nd Virginia, was sent around by the Greenbank road to make the attack on the left, while the remaining force, under Milroy, advanced by the Staunton road to carry out the rest of the plan. When within about 2 miles of the camp Milroy's advance was fired upon by the enemy's pickets. A mile further on another picket was encountered and a portion of it captured. Those who escaped started for the camp, followed at the double-quick by the Federals, who were desirous of getting into position before the alarm was given. But upon arriving at the edge of the timber the entire Confederate force, numbering about 1,500 men, was seen advancing in line of battle. At Milroy's request Colonel Jones, of the 25th Ohio, assumed command of the force, with the exception of two companies held in reserve, and that officer quickly Page 212 deployed his men to meet the attack. In a little while the Confederates were forced back to their tents and houses, leaving several dead and wounded upon the field. They soon rallied, however, and returned to the attack in greater force. Jones' men now began to waver and a large number broke to the rear in confusion. The officers rallied most of them, but valuable time had been lost, in which the enemy had been able to secure an advantageous position. At the point of the bayonet they were again driven back to their trenches, where the struggle became desperate. Several times the enemy rallied but was each time repulsed, but having the advantage of shelter from the houses and tents, as well as superior numbers, the Union troops were finally forced to give way. Moody did not reach his position until after the whole affair was over. Had he reached the left in time to open the attack as planned, the history of this engagement might have been differently written. The Union loss was 20 killed, 107 wounded and 10 missing. Colonel Johnson, commanding the Confederates, reported his loss as 20 killed, 98 wounded and 28 missing.


Camp Babcock, Arkansas, November 25, 1862. 3d Kansas Indian Home Guards.


Campbell's Station, Tennessee, November 16, 1863. 9th and 23d Army Corps and Shackelford's Cavalry. In the advance of General Burnside on Knoxville the army encamped on the night of the 15th at Lenoir's station, but before daylight the next morning it was again on the move. The 2nd division (Hartranft's) of the 9th corps was sent out in advance to seize and hold the forks of the road at Campbell's station, to prevent the enemy from cutting off the direct approach to Knoxville. The movement was successfully executed and the roads leading to Kingston, Clinton and Concord were all occupied by the Federal troops. Colonel Loring, of Burnside's staff, was sent forward to reconnoiter the ground near Campbell's station, so that troops could be so disposed as to hold the enemy in check until the trains could reach Knoxville. By 11 a. m. the main column had passed the forks of the road held by Hartranft and were being placed in position, when Humphrey's brigade was attacked on the lower road, but he succeeded in driving off his assailants and held his position until relieved by General Christ. General Potter, commanding the 9th corps, arranged his forces with Ferrero's division on the right of the road, Hartranft's on the left, White's in the center, and the artillery behind the first line of troops. About noon the Confederates opened the fight by attacking Ferrero. Christ's brigade, which occupied the extreme right, was so sorely pressed that it was compelled to change front in order to repulse the assault. Demonstrations were now made against several points of the Federal line, the enemy maneuvering to get possession of an elevation on the left, which would have placed him in in a commanding position. Not having sufficient force to extend his line to prevent this movement, Burnside withdrew to a ridge some three-quarters of a mile to the rear and formed a new line, the change being effected under a heavy artillery fire, but without confusion. Scarcely had the new line been formed when the enemy made a determined attack on Hartranft's division on the extreme left, but it was repulsed. That ended the fighting for the day. After dark Burnside issued orders for Potter and White, the corps commanders, to withdraw to Knoxville, as the trains had been rendered secure. The last of the army entered Knoxville early the following morning. The casualties in the engagement at Campbell's station were 31 killed, 211 wounded and 76 missing. No report of the enemy's loss was obtained, but it must have been much greater, as they were the attacking force.


Campbellsville, Tennessee, September 5, 1864. Rousseau's Cavalry in pursuit of Wheeler.


Campbellsville, Tennessee, November 24, 1864. 5th Division, Cavalry Corps, Military Division of the Mississippi. Upon reaching Campbellsville on the morning of the 24th the division, commanded by Brigadier-General Edward Hatch, became engaged with three divisions of Confederate cavalry— Jackson's, Chalmers' and Buford's—and after some severe fighting was getting the best of it, when a considerable force of Confederate infantry appeared on the scene and Hatch was compelled to fall back in the direction of Lynnville. In executing this movement the 9th Illinois cavalry was left to hold the gorge in the hills. The regiment, under the command of Captain Harper, repulsed several attacks, the last one being met with butts of the carbines, because the supply of ammunition was completely exhausted. In this encounter one company lost 14 of its 25 men engaged. The gallant action of Harper and his men gave Hatch time to throw his command in position at Lynnville, where the enemy's attacks were repulsed and he was finally forced to retire about 8 o'clock in the evening.


Campbellton, Georgia, July 28, 1864. (See McCook's Raid.) Campbellton, Georgia, September 9, 1864. Detachment of Kilpatrick's Cavalry. A wagon train, guarded by 70 mounted and dismounted men, was attacked near Campbellton by about 100 of the enemy's scouts. The lieutenant commanding the guard, with 10 of his men, deserted at the first fire. The remainder fought bravely, and, though half their number were either killed, wounded or captured, succeeded in saving 3 of the 4 wagons. One wagon, with 4 mules and a number of repeating rifles, fell into the hands of the Confederates.


Camp Cole, Missouri, June 18, 1861. Union Home Guards (800 men). Camp Cole, Missouri, October 5, 1862, and June 8, 1863. Camp Cole, Missouri, October 9, 1863. Detachment 7th Missouri State Militia. This detachment, under Major Emory S. Foster, moved out on the Sedalia road to the Cole Camp road, encountering and driving in the enemy's pickets along the route. Within 4 miles of Camp Cole a skirmish with a scouting party resulted in the wounding of 2 and the capture of 3 of the enemy. This engagement was an incident of Shelby's raid in Arkansas and Missouri.


Camp Cooper, Florida, February 10, 1864. Detachment of the 97th Pennsylvania Infantry. Eight companies of the regiment, numbering 290 men, under the command of Major Galusha Pennypacker, moved from Fernandina on the 9th, the object being the capture of Camp Cooper. Remaining concealed near the drawbridge until dark, the men were then ferried over the river in a scow and about 3 o'clock the next morning halted in the immediate neighborhood of the camp. Scouts soon located it definitely and the troops were placed in a position to attack at daylight, but when daylight came it was discovered that the camp was almost deserted. Two. men and two horses were captured, the main body having left on the 8th, and the public property and stores were destroyed.


Camp Creek, Georgia, August 18, 1864. (See Lovejoy's Station, Kilpatrick's Raid.)


Camp Creek, Georgia, September 30, 1864. Detachment of Kilpatrick's Cavalry. This was one of the skirmishes that were constantly taking place in that section of the state just after the fall of Atlanta. On this occasion the enemy's cavalry was driven beyond the Sweetwater. The Union loss was 2 men killed and 5 wounded and several horses.


Camp Creek, West Virginia, May 1, 1862. Advance Guard, Scammon's Brigade. At daylight the advance guard, consisting of one company of the 23d Ohio infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Bottsford, was surrounded and attacked at Camp creek by a Confederate force, numbering about 200 men, which had been stationed there to delay the Federal Page 214 advance until the stores at Princeton could be removed. Bottsford and his men were some 6 miles in advance of the main column. Knowing that they were unsupported they fought with the bravery of desperation, finally driving the enemy from the field with a loss of 6 killed, a number wounded and 6 captured. The Union loss was 1 killed and 20 wounded, most of the injuries being of a trivial nature.


Camp Davies, Mississippi, November 22, 1863. 1st Alabama Cavalry. A force of 150 Confederates, commanded by Major T. W. Ham, was attacked on the Ripley road, 5 miles from Camp Davies by Major Cramer, with 70 men of the 1st Alabama cavalry, and after a sharp skirmish was driven toward Rienzi, with a loss of 4 killed and several wounded. Cramer's casualties were 2 men severely wounded.


Camp Dennison, Ohio, July 14, 1863. Volunteers and Militia.— Morgan Raid. At 5 a. m. Morgan was reported to be within 5 miles of the camp. Colonel George W. Neff, of the 2nd Kentucky infantry, military commander, ordered out 100 militiamen to obstruct the road by felling trees. These obstructions had hardly been completed when Morgan's force made its appearance and commenced shelling the rifle-pits, but without doing any damage. The fallen trees compelled the raiders to make a circuit of some 10 miles. In the meantime Lieutenant Smith arrived with the 21 st Ohio volunteer battery,' which was stationed, supported by two companies of militia, to guard the railroad bridge. Here the enemy was driven back, and Captain Proctor, who had been closely following Morgan's rear-guard, saved the bridge on the Madisonville pike. In the skirmishing the Federal loss was 1 man killed and 4 captured. The number of Confederate killed and wounded was not learned, but 5 were taken prisoners.


Camp Finegan, Florida, February 8, 1864. (See Ten Mile Run.)


Camp Finegan, Florida, May 25, 1864. A detachment, made up of 300 of the 7th U. S. colored infantry, 100 white infantry, a few mounted men and two sections of artillery, was sent out from Jacksonville in the direction of Baldwin, under the command of Colonel James Shaw. When near Camp Finegan they were met by a force of infantry and cavalry, estimated by Shaw to have been 500 men. A brisk fire was maintained for a little while, when the artillery was brought into action and the Confederates retired from the field, as they had no cannon. No casualties reported. Camp Gonzales, Florida, July 22, 1864. An expedition, led by Brig-General Alexander Asboth, left Barrancas on the 21st and marched in the direction of Pollard, Alabama. At daybreak the next morning they reached Camp Gonzales, on the Pensacola railroad, 15 miles above Pensacola. A new fort named Fort Hodgson had just been completed there, and was garrisoned by three companies of the 7th Alabama cavalry, numbering about 120 men each. After half an hour's fighting, in which the well-aimed shells of the 1st Florida battery did considerable damage, the 7th Vermont infantry, 82nd U. S. colored infantry, 1st Florida cavalry, dismounted, and part of the 14th New York cavalry made a dash on the works, when the Confederates beat a hasty retreat. A regimental flag, all the official papers of the post, 8 prisoners, 17 horses with equipments, a number of guns and sabers, 23 head of cattle and a large quantity of ammunition fell into Asboth's hands. The fort and buildings were destroyed.


Camp Jackson, Missouri, May 10, 1861. Missouri Reserve Corps and 3d Missouri Volunteers. Camp Jackson was located in the western part of the city of St. Louis, in what was known as Lindell's grove, between Olive street and Laclede avenue. Here Brigadier-General Daniel M. Frost, of the state militia, had assembled about 700 men, under pretense of instructing them in accordance with the laws of the United States and the State of Missouri, but was really preparing to seize the Page 215 St. Louis arsenal, which at the time contained about 60,000 stand of arms, a number of cannon and a large supply of the munitions of war. At the beginning of the year the arsenal was under the command of Major Bell, a North Carolinian, and Frank P. Blair, who had busied himself in the organization of the Missouri home guards, tried to have him removed and some one appointed who would arm and equip his troops from the supplies stored there. When President Buchanan declined to act in the matter, Blair appealed to General Scott, with the result that Bell was relieved by Major Hagner, and at the same time a detachment of 40 men was sent to guard the arsenal. But Hagner, like his predecessor, refused to issue arms to the home guards. On the last day of January Captain Nathaniel Lyon, of the 2nd U. S. infantry, was sent with his company to St. Louis, and' soon after President Lincoln's inauguration was appointed commandant at the arsenal. He soon learned that Frost had made application to the Confederate government for cannon, etc., and on the last day of April accepted, mustered in and armed about 3,500 of the home guards as a "reserve corps." On the night of May 8th the steamer J. C. Swan arrived at St. Louis, with a large supply of military stores intended for Frost, most of which was conveyed to Camp Jackson before daylight the following morning. This determined Lyon to act, and accordingly on the afternoon of the 10th he marched with his entire force to the camp and demanded its , immediate surrender. This Frost did under protest, claiming that his men were under oath to support the constitutions of the United States and the State of Missouri. The prisoners were marched to the arsenal, where they were required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, after which they were released. Besides the usual camp equipage, tents, blankets, etc., the camp contained 6 brass field pieces, 1,200 muskets, about 40 horses and a large quantity of ammunition, all of which was taken possession of by the Union troops and transported to the arsenal. As the prisoners were being taken to the arsenal the troops were assaulted with stones, etc., by the citizens assembled along the line of march, and some of the soldiers discharged their guns into the mob, with the result that about 25 citizens were killed or wounded. This was the only bloodshed.


Camp Moore, Louisiana, May 15, 1863. Expedition commanded by Colonel Davis.


Camp Pratt, Louisiana, November 20, 1863. Cavalry Division, 19th Army Corps, and 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 13th Army Corps. Brigadier-General Albert L. Lee with his cavalry division and a brigade of infantry surprised the 7th Texas cavalry while it was encamped at Camp Pratt, near Iberia. The skirmish which ensued resulted in the killing of 1, the wounding of 3, and the capture of 101 Confederates, besides 100 horses and equipments and 100 stands of arms. The Federal force suffered no casualties.


Camp Sheldon, Mississippi, February 8, 1863. Scout from 18th Missouri Infantry. The scouting party fell in with a company of Confederate conscripts and soon put them to flight, capturing 1 gun and a quantity of provisions. Several of the enemy were wounded, but no casualties reported on the Federal side.


Camp Sheldon, Mississippi, February 10, 1863. Scout from 18th Missouri Infantry. In his report of this date Lieutenant-Colonel Charles S. Sheldon said: "Had another skirmish today, capturing 6 guns, overcoats, blankets, &c. Chased the enemy 3 miles, but they beat us running. One man wounded on our side." Campti, Louisiana, April 4, 1864. Detachment 5th Brigade, Cavalry Division, 19th Army Corps, and part of the 1st Division, 16th Army Corps. On the 3d the cavalry detachment, Colonel O. P. Gooding commanding, Page 216 marched to the village of Grand Ecore, on the Red river. The next morning, pursuant to the orders of Brigadier-General A. J. Smith, Gooding advanced to Campti to drive the enemy from the town. As they approached the place the advance was fired upon from the shelter of the houses. Major Davis was sent with a detachment to the rear of the town, with instructions to burn the enemy out and intercept his retreat, but the movement was prevented by the fire of one of the Union gun-boats lying in the river below. After some sharp firing the Confederates withdrew from the town and attempted to form on a hill in the rear, but were so closely pressed that they rapidly retreated across the bayou, destroying the bridge as they went, and took shelter in the timber on the opposite bank. The destruction of the bridge rendered the cavalry useless. The men were dismounted and Captain Bushee, with a squadron of the 3d Rhode Island cavalry, was sent to turn the right flank of the enemy, the remainder of the command being held in reserve. In the meantime the 5th Minnesota, and 35th la. infantry, stationed on a bayou some distance below the village, were ordered to the relief of the cavalry. Advancing on the double-quick, the 5th Minnesota, was deployed on the right and left of the road and moved rapidly to the bayou. A crossing was soon effected, when the Confederates withdrew, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. The Union loss was 4 killed and 18 wounded. The loss of the enemy was reported as being 8 killed, 18 wounded and 3 captured.


Camp Vance, North Carolina, June 28, 1864. Detachment 3d North Carolina Volunteer Infantry. The detachment, numbering 130 men and commanded by Captain G. W. Kirk, was sent out from Morristown, Tennessee, the object being the destruction of the railroad bridge over the Yadkin river, about 6 miles from Morganton, North Carolina. At Camp Vance he overcame a force superior in numbers to his own, captured 277 prisoners, 132 of whom he brought to Knoxville, destroyed a locomotive, 3 cars, the depot, commissary buildings, 1,200 stands of arms, a quantity of ammunition and 3,000 bushels of grain. He also brought into Knoxville 32 negroes, 48 horses and mules and 40 recruits for his own regiment, but failed in the destruction of the bridge, it being too well guarded. His casualties were 1 man killed, 1 mortally and 5 slightly wounded.


Camp Wild Cat, Kentucky, October 21, 1861. (See Rockcastle Hills.)


Camp Wild Cat, Kentucky, October 17, 1862. 4th Division, Army of the Ohio. In the morning Brigadier-General W. S. Smith, commanding the division, pressed a reconnaissance to Camp Wild Cat, but found it deserted and the road badly obstructed. At noon his advanced brigade had a skirmish with a detachment of the enemy's cavalry, killing one and wounding several others. Late in the afternoon Cruft's brigade engaged a force of Confederates on the Madison road and drove them in such haste that they left their rations cooking. He captured 11 prisoners and reported 2 men slightly wounded.


Canada Alamosa, New Mexico, September 25, 1861. Captain Minks with the greater part of his company of New Mexico cavalry attempted to establish a camp at Canada Alamosa, 40 miles south of Fort Craig, but they were surprised by a detachment of 114 Confederates under command of Captain Coopwood and a skirmish ensued in which 4 Federals were killed, 6 wounded, and Minks, Lieutenant Medina, 23 privates and non-commissioned officers were captured.


Cane Creek, Alabama, October 20, 1863. (See Barton's and Dickson's Stations same date.)


Cane Creek, Alabama, October 26, 1863. 1st Division, 15th Army Corps. For several days after their defeat at Cherokee station on the 21st the Confederates remained quiet, though they were by no means idle. Large reinforcements were received and a strong position taken on Page 217 both sides of Cane creek, just east of Barton's station. At 3 o'clock on the morning of the 26th, in compliance with orders from the corps commander, General Osterhaus moved the division in the lightest possible marching order toward the enemy's lines. An hour and a half later the advance reached the cemetery near Barton's station, the Confederate pickets there retreating hastily, giving the alarm in their camp. As soon as it was light enough to move with certainty the 1st brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General Charles R. Woods, was deployed behind a slight elevation to the right and left, the 1st Missouri horse artillery being stationed in the cemetery in the center, while the 2nd brigade (Williamson's) was kept in reserve. Scarcely had this formation been completed when the enemy opened with his artillery directly in front, and at the same time deployed a large force of cavalry on the Union right. It soon became evident that the artillery in the cemetery was too light to be effective and Osterhaus ordered up a section of the 4th Ohio battery with 20-pounder Parrott guns. Under cover of these guns Woods' line was ordered to advance. The movement had to be executed on open ground, while the enemy was sheltered by the timber. Taking advantage of the undulations in the surface the whole line moved forward, Landgraeber's battery, that had been relieved at the cemetery, closely following the infantry. The guns of this battery were soon brought into action on the right, thus exposing the enemy to a cross-fire of artillery. In the meantime Smith's division had come up to Barton's station, where it acted as a reserve, allowing the 2nd brigade of the 1st division to be brought forward and deployed on the left. The 5th Ohio cavalry now forced the enemy's right back into the timber, bringing him under the guns of the batteries. Following up this advantage the skirmishers pressed steadily forward and drove the Confederates across Cane creek. Here they had the benefit of high ground, while that on the west side of the stream was a level, swampy bottom, over which the Union troops must pass in order to continue the attack. As soon as the infantry debouched from the timber on the right it was opened on by a battery of five rifled guns at short range, but the Federals rushed forward, forded the creek and charged up the bank with such impetuosity that the battery was compelled to seek safety in flight, while the dismounted cavalry hurried to their saddles. Osterhaus now ordered a general advance and defeat became almost a rout. At Bear creek, 4 miles from Tuscumbia, the Confederates made a stand, forming their line of battle on the high prairie on the west bank. The Federal advance was met by a fire of artillery. Skirmishers were immediately thrown across the creek on the right, supported by the 3d and 27th Missouri infantry, occupying the narrow skirt of timber along Little Bear creek, and the artillery was hurried forward to reply to the enemy's guns. A brigade of Forrest's cavalry made a determined charge upon the skirmishers, but it was met by a withering fire from the 3d Missouri and repulsed. This ended hostilities for the day. The fighting had been going on almost without intermission since early in the morning and the men on both sides were exhausted. Osterhaus retired a short distance, after placing strong pickets to hold his position, and bivouacked for the night. (See Tuscumbia.)


Cane Creek, Alabama, June 10, 1864. 106th Ohio Volunteers; skirmish with Guerrillas.


Cane Hill, Arkansas, November 9, 1862. Detachment of the 2nd Kansas Cavalry. Colonel W. F. Cloud, with a detachment of his regiment, was sent out from Camp Bowen toward Cane hill. On the road between that place and Fayetteville he came upon a force of some 300 provost guards, under Emmett MacDonald. They fled across the Boston mountains, but were pursued to within 18 miles of Van Buren. Their color bearer Page 218 was killed and the flag fell into Cloud's hands, as well as all their transportation and commissary stores, which were destroyed.


Cane Hill, Arkansas, November 25, 1862. Detachment of 1st Division, Army of the Frontier. A report of Brigadier-General James G. Blunt states that a detachment of troops from his command attacked and scattered a large reconnoitering party of Confederates from the camp at Cane hill. No casualties are mentioned.


Cane Hill, Arkansas, November 28, 1862. 1st Division, Army of the Frontier. On the 26th the division, commanded by Brigadier-General James G. Blunt, was encamped at Lindsey's prairie, 15 miles south of Maysville. Thirty-five miles further south at Cane hill was the Confederate General Marmaduke, with a force of some 8,000 men, waiting for General Hindman's army to join him for an incursion into Missouri. Blunt determined to strike Marmaduke before the arrival of the reinforcements. Leaving Lindsey's prairie early on the morning of the 27th, with about 5.000 men and 30 pieces of artillery, he marched 25 miles that day. During the night scouts were sent forward to ascertain the enemy's position. These came back and reported the road strongly picketed and that it could be easily defended. This information led Blunt to change his plans. On leaving camp at 5 o'clock the next morning he made a detour to the left, struck an obscure road that was not picketed, and entered Cane hill from the north, meeting with no resistance until within half a mile of the enemy's camp. While passing through a defile the advance guard, consisting of about 200 of the 2nd Kansas cavalry and 2 howitzers under Lieutenant Stover, encountered a considerable force. The cavalry made a dash and drove this detachment back upon the main body, which was now brought into view, posted on the right of the road, on elevated ground about half a mile from Boonsboro, guns in battery, from which a brisk fire was immediately opened. Rabb's battery and the 2 howitzers were at once hurried forward and for the next half-hour the engagement consisted of an artillery duel, Blunt maneuvering for time until the arrival of his main column, which had been delayed on the road. The 11th Kansas and Hopkins' battery were brought up on the double-quick and the enemy was twice compelled to retire under the destructive fire of the artillery. The third stand was made on a hill near the south side of the town, but the main body of the Union troops having by this time arrived on the scene, the Confederates were again routed and for 3 miles on the road toward Van Buren a running fight followed. As the pursuers emerged from a narrow valley, a little below the intersection of the Cove creek road, they were met by a destructive fire that caused them to recoil. The men were rallied and Blunt determined to make an effort to capture the artillery, but before the charge for that purpose could be ordered a flag of truce came from the enemy, requesting permission to care for the dead and wounded. The request was granted and, as it was then almost dark, Blunt returned to Cane hill. The loss was 8 killed and 32 wounded. The Confederates lost 75 killed, but the number of wounded could not be ascertained, as most of them were carried away. Cane Hill, Arkansas, December 20, 1862, and January 2, 1863.


Cane Hill, Arkansas, November 6, 1864. Army of the Border. After Price had been driven from Missouri and Kansas he halted at Cane hill, where he collected a large number of cattle and commenced the erection of huts, as if he intended to remain there for the winter. On the 6th the Union forces left Prairie grove early in the morning, marched to Cane hill, scattered the Confederates, captured and paroled a number who were too ill to retreat, confiscated the supplies and destroyed the huts. Later in the day Benteen's scouts skirmished with the enemy's rearguard, killing 2 or 3, with a similar loss among his own men, and Page 219 recapturing Blunt's old flag, which had been taken by Price at the battle of Baxter Springs.


Cane River, Louisiana, April 26-27, 1864.


Cane River Crossing, Louisiana, April 23, 1864. Detachments of the 13th and 19th Army Corps. During the Red river campaign Brigadier-General W. H. Emory was ordered to drive the enemy from the Cane river crossing. The head of the infantry column encountered the enemy's pickets 3 miles beyond Cloutierville and drove them in until the Confederate line of battle was reached. Here the enemy was strongly posted, two batteries of 8 guns each having a cross-fire on a field which it was necessary for the Federal forces to cross before they could reach the river. The ground occupied by the enemy was Monett's bluff, 100 feet higher than that which Emory's command was compelled to traverse. It was apparently futile for the Federals to take the crossing in front, so Brigadier-General Henry W. Birge, with his command supported by a detachment of the 13th corps, was sent 3 miles up the river to cross a ford and turn the Confederate left. Meantime the artillery was brought forward to shell the enemy's position, the cavalry was sent down the river to cross and threaten the enemy's right and rear, and if Birge succeeded in his movement to pursue the foe. Part of the Confederate force made an attempt to take the Federal battery, but was repulsed by the 116th New York infantry and the 2nd New York cavalry. Birge on gaining the enemy's flank charged with a portion of his command and drove the Confederates from a strongly intrenched position. When the left gave way the rest of the Confederate force was obliged to withdraw, the Federal cavalry pursuing. The Federal force suffered a loss of 200 in killed and wounded; the Confederate casualties, although not reported, were heavy.


Caney Bayou, Texas, January 8-9, 1864 . A Confederate report states that at 11 a. m. of the 8th a Federal gunboat came close in shore and commenced shelling the enemy's work at the mouth of the Caney. The firing continued all day and was reopened next morning. One Confederate was killed by the fire.


Caney Bayou, Texas, February 7, 1864. The only mention of this affair in the official records of the war is a report from Confederate General Bee, to the effect that the Federals fired sixty-six shots at the fort located at the mouth of the bayou, wounding 3 men and 3 horses.


Caney Fork, Tennessee, May 9, 1863. Scouts. A scouting party sent out by Brigadier-General George Crook crossed Caney fork, during the night and surprised the camp of Colonel Baxter Smith, who was also on a scout. Smith, his adjutant, a lieutenant and 2 privates were captured without loss to the Union side. Later the Federal scouts were attached, but the enemy was repulsed with a loss of 2 killed and 1 wounded.


Cannelton, West Virginia, September 11, 1862. (See Kanawha Valley Campaign.)


Cannon's Bridge, South Carolina, February 8, 1865. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 15th Army Corps. In pursuance of orders from headquarters General Hazen sent his brigade, commanded by Colonel W. S. Jones, of the 53d Ohio, to make a reconnaissance in the neighborhood of Cannon's bridge on the Edisto river. Jones found the enemy intrenched on the. north side of the river and deployed four companies under Major Kili to skirmish with him and develop his strength. The skirmishers approached to within a few rods of the works, wading through water that came above their knees. The object of the reconnaissance having been accomplished, Jones fell back to camp with his brigade. No casualties reported.


Canoe Creek, Florida, March 25, 1865. Cavalry of Lucas' Brigade. The engagement here designated as "Canoe Creek" was really a series of skirmishes, extending from Cotton creek to the Escambia river. About Page 220 10 a. m. the 1st Louisiana cavalry, which was in the advance, encountered the enemy's videttes and took 4 prisoners. At Cotton creek, which was reached a little later, a force of about 100 was found strongly posted behind breastworks and inclined to dispute the crossing. Three companies of the 1st Louisiana were dismounted and advanced over the creek, in spite of the opposition. The Confederates retired to Mitchell's creek, where they fired the bridge and made another stand, but were again routed. Shortly before noon Canoe creek was reached at Bluff Springs and here General Clanton's brigade, about 600 strong, was found drawn up in line of battle, in a strong position on the north bank, and commanded by Clanton in person. Colonel Badger, commanding the 1st Louisiana, made a gallant charge with his regiment under a heavy fire, and drove the enemy, from his position. The main column pressed closely behind Badger, giving him strong support, and the Confederates broke in confusion. The pursuit was continued for some 4 miles, giving the enemy no time to reform his lines. A number of prisoners were taken along the line of retreat, among them being Clanton, who was severely wounded. Many of the men abandoned their horses and took to the woods and swamps. At the Escambia a party of Confederates on the opposite bank opened upon the Federals with artillery, but Lucas ordered .forward the 2nd Massachusetts light artillery and soon silenced the enemy's guns. A detachment of the 31st Massachusetts was sent across, took possession of the works and held them until relieved. The Federal loss during the day was 3 killed, 3 wounded, and 26 horses either killed or captured. The enemy's loss was much larger; as 129 were captured in the flight from Canoe creek to the Escambia.


Canyon de Chelly, January —, 1864. Troops commanded by General Kit Carson; fight with Indians. Canon Station, Nevada Territory, June 23, 1863. A few men of the 3d California Infantry. A small squad was stationed at Canon station as a guard. Three men went with a cart for a supply of water and the rest went hunting, leaving the station temporarily unguarded. A party of Indians took advantage of the situation to ambush themselves near the station and as the water cart was returning fired, killing Corp. Hervey and wounding Private Abbott. Abbott and the driver of the cart defended themselves and finally reached the station. The bodies of the two men who had gone hunting were afterward found mutilated and scalped.


Canton, Kentucky, August 22, 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, District of Kentucky. The brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General E. H. Hobson, pursued a body of Confederates to Canton, where Colonel Johnson, with the 52nd Kentucky, attacked their rear at daylight, killing 15, wounded several more, captured 50 prisoners and 100 mules and horses. About 300 succeeded in getting across the river, but were pursued by Colonels True and Burge, the main body following and picking up stragglers. Canton, Mississippi, July 12, 1863. Cavalry with the 9th Army Corps. Colonel Cyrus Bussey, commanding the cavalry with the 9th corps, reporting the operations of his command during the Jackson campaign, states that when within 2 miles of Canton the enemy was encountered posted in a thick woods near Bear creek. After a sharp skirmish, during which several prisoners were captured, Bussey learned that the Confederate force was larger than his own and he gave up the attempt to enter the town. No casualties were reported.


Canton, Mississippi, July 17, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 15th Army Corps, and Bussey's Cavalry Division, 9th Army Corps. For several days prior to this date the cavalry, commanded by Colonel Bussey. had been operating in the vicinity of Jackson and toward Canton. A demonstration was made against the place on the 12th, but finding the enemy too Page 221 strong the Federals withdrew to wait for a better day. About 5 a. m. on the 17th the troops left Calhoun. When within 2 miles of Canton the advance guard, commanded by Colonel Stephens, of the 2nd Wisconsin cavalry, found the enemy in force, the line extending from Bear creek west on the Beattie's Bluff road as far as could be seen. Two regiments of infantry and a section of artillery of the 2nd brigade were ordered forward, but before they could be thrown into position Bussey discovered a large force of Confederates moving to his left, evidently bent on getting to his rear and capturing his wagon train, which had not yet been parked. A piece of artillery was sent to the support of the train guard; Major Farnan, with a battalion of the 5th Illinois cavalry, was sent forward on the Livingston road to check the enemy's advance from that direction, a movement he executed with success; the 3d and 4th la. cavalry formed in line and moved through an open field to the left, while a piece of artillery was posted in the road and supported by the 76th Ohio and 25th la. This gun opened fire at short range with shell, and a few well-directed shots scattered the Confederates in confusion. Bussey now ordered a general advance, the artillery and infantry occupying the field on the left of the Livingston road. Skirmishers were thrown forward and soon encountered the enemy, but a few shots from the gun, and the advance of the cavalry on the left, soon had him in motion again. In the meantime the entire 2nd brigade, commanded by Colonel C. R. Woods, was advanced to the road, cutting off the Confederate communication with a force posted on Bear creek, and the enemy began a rapid retreat toward Canton. Bussey now sent the 4th la. to the support of Woods and at the same time moved one battalion on the main road. When the head of the column reached the Bear creek bridge the enemy opened fire with 2 pieces of artillery. The infantry was advanced as skirmishers, and Woods soon drove them from a strong position. This force also retired toward Canton, destroying several bridges as they went. That night the Federals camped within a mile of the town and the next morning entered it without opposition, the Confederates having retreated to Pearl river during the night.


Canton, Mississippi, October 15, 1863. (See Brownsville.) Canton, Mississippi, February 27-29, 1864. 3d Division, 17th Army Corps. The division, commanded by Brigadier-General M. D. Leggett, while on the Meridian expedition, reached Canton on the 26th. During the two days' stay at that place the 20th, 45th and 124th Illinois infantry tore up over 2 miles of railroad and about 200 feet of trestle work. Every rail was bent so that relaying the track would be an impossibility. General Wirt Adams, of the Confederate army, reported that on the 29th he killed and captured about 60 Federals, 33 horses, 2 wagons and teams and a number of small arms at Canton, but the Federal reports contain no mention of such an affair.


Canton, Mississippi, March 2, 1864. (See Brownsville.)


Cape Fear River, North Carolina, October 11, 1862. U. S. Gunboat Maratanza. Cape Girardeau, Missouri, April 26, 1863. Marmaduke's Missouri Expedition. On the morning of the 24th scouts brought the word to Cape Girardeau that General Marmaduke was approaching with a force of about 8,000 men. The garrison there at that time consisted of 350 men of the 1st Nebraska infantry, one company of the 1st Wisconsin cavalry, Battery D, 2nd Missouri and Welfley's battery. That evening Brigadier-General John McNeil arrived with reinforcements, and assumed command. Colonel Baumer, commanding the garrison, had made preparations to meet the advancing enemy outside the works and when overpowered to fall back to fort B, thence to fort A, which was strong enough to withstand almost any attack that could be made. McNeil approved this plan and accordingly two companies of the 1st Nebraska, three Page 222 of the 32nd la., and 2 guns of Welfley's battery were stationed on the Perryville road north of the fort; five companies of the Nebraska regiment, with 4 guns of Welfley's battery, were placed on a hill between the Bloomfield and Jackson roads commanding all approaches from the west. The main attack was made about 10 a. m. on the 26th on the Jackson road. The enemy was checked by the fire of the pickets, who, in obedience to orders, immediately fell back upon the skirmish line. The battery on the Perryville road opened, then the guns on the hill, and finally the guns from fort B. The position of the different batteries subjected the enemy to a cross-fire of artillery, so well directed that to advance in the face of it was impossible. They then tried to attack the Union right flank on the Perryville road, when Baumer hurried 2 pieces of artillery to a hill commanding the ground over which they must pass, opened a destructive fire and checked that movement. The Confederates then turned their attention to the left flank, where the Wisconsin troops dismounted and fought the enemy on foot, while a battery of mountain howitzers did excellent service in dislodging a battery of the enemy's. The enemy now fell back all along the line, but the Federals remained in position, momentarily expecting another attack. Cannonading was continued from the hill and fort B until 3 p. m., when small detachments, sent out for the purpose, reported that the Confederates had disappeared. Meantime General Curtis sent down two steamers from St. Louis with reinforcements and McNeil, expecting another attack next day, called on General Asboth at Columbus, Kentucky, for two regiments of infantry and a field battery, which were sent to him on the morning of the 27th, but the Confederates made no further attempt on the place.


Cape Girardeau, Missouri, February 5, 1864. 2nd Missouri Militia Cavalry.


Cape. Girardeau, Missouri, December 14, 1864. (See Cypress Swamp.)


Cape Henry, Virginia, June 11, 1863. (See Maple Leaf, U. S. S.)


Cape Lookout Light, April 2, 1864. A secret expedition was planned by the Confederates for the destruction of the two lighthouses at Cape Lookout. Men were selected from the 67th North Carolina infantry and L. C. Harland was placed in command of the expedition. On Saturday night, April 2, they managed to get to the lighthouses, placed charges of powder under the walls and exploded them by means of fuse. The smaller building, 90 feet high, was totally destroyed, and the larger, 160 feet high, was badly damaged. The loss of the lights proved a great inconvenience to the Federal vessels along that part of the coast.


Caperton's Ferry, Alabama, August 29, 1863. 1st Division, 20th Army Corps. The operations about Caperton's ferry on this date comprised the laying of a pontoon bridge across the Tennessee river. Heg's brigade was sent across the river in boats and drove away the enemy's pickets with some slight skirmishing, attended by few casualties. By 1 p. m. the bridge was completed and was then guarded by Carlin's brigade and about 100 pioneers.


Caperton's Ferry, Alabama, March 29, 1864. Detachment of the 66th Ohio Infantry. Four companies of the regiment were stationed at the ferry, which is on the Tennessee river, about 4 miles from Stevenson, at a point where refugees were continually crossing the stream. About 1 p. m. on the 29th, while Captain Morgan, Lieutenant Organ and 4 men were assisting a refugee to get his family and goods across the river a party of guerrillas suddenly appeared on the bank and demanded a surrender. The two officers gave the boat a vigorous shove, threw themselves into the bottom of it, when the guerrillas fired, wounding Morgan in the thigh and Organ in the hand. The 4 men were some distance from the boat at the time and 3 of them were captured, the other escaping by hiding under the river bank. Captain Dye immediately crossed the river with 40 men and started in pursuit, but the guerrillas being mounted made their escape.


Carlisle, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1863. 1st Division, Department of the Susquehanna. Ewen's command occupied Carlisle early in the day. Captain Boyd, with the 1st New York cavalry, and Colonel Brisbane, with the Pennsylvania brigade, came in during the forenoon, but the main body of the division, under Brigadier-General W. F. Smith, did not reach the town until about sunset. Soon after Smith's arrival Fitzhugh Lee's brigade of Confederate cavalry appeared before the town and demanded an unconditional surrender. This was twice refused, and a battery began shelling the place. The bombardment was continued until about 1 a. m., when the Confederates withdrew and marched in the direction of Gettysburg, where Lee was concentrating his forces. General J. E. B. Stuart, in his report says: "Our rations were entirely out. * * * I disliked to subject the town to the consequences of an attack; at the same time it was essential to us to procure rations." As it turned out his attempt to secure rations by the means of the bombardment was a failure.


Carmel Church, Virginia, July 23, 1862. Detachment of Kilpatrick's Cavalry. General Kilpatrick, with 390 men of the 3d Indiana, 14th Brooklyn, and Harris light cavalry, left Fredericksburg at 4 p. m. on the 22nd, his object being the breaking up of a Confederate camp, supposed to be in the neighborhood of Carmel Church. By a night march he reached the church at daybreak, to find that the enemy had left a day or two before. Learning that a scouting party was in the habit of coming to the church every morning, he placed Captain Seymour with his company in ambush and withdrew a short distance to await developments. Seymour sent out as a decoy a few of his men, who were attacked by about 50 of the enemy. Kilpatrick moved to Seymour's assistance and drove the attacking party back across the river. Lieutenant Kimball, with a small detachment, crossed the river in pursuit, but soon returned and reported the camp in sight on the other side, with the Confederates in position. Kilpatrick then ordered up his reserves and reconnoitered the Confederate position, after which he decided to attack. Leaving part of his forces to guard the ford, he deployed the Harris light cavalry on both sides of the road, and ordered Major Chapman to proceed up the road in column of platoons and charge. At the same time the skirmishers were rapidly advanced, forcing the enemy back to avoid being struck on the right flank. Under Chapman's charge the Confederates broke and fled, and were pursued about five miles. The tents, stores, 7 carloads of grain and all the camp equipage were burned. About this time a large force of Stuart's cavalry suddenly appeared on the right. Kilpatrick quickly formed his men, who had been marching and fighting almost constantly for 24 hours, and repulsed this force, although superior to his own. He then recrossed the river (the North Anna), took up a strong position near the church, and went into camp for the night. Next day he returned to Fredericksburg. Not a man was hurt, though several horses were killed or wounded. The Confederate loss was not ascertained.


Carnifix Ferry, Virginia, September 10, 1861. Rosecrans' Army of Occupation. The Confederate forces at Carnifix ferry, on the Gauley river, were under the command of Brigadier-General John B. Floyd and numbered, according to an estimate of General Wise, 5,800 men, with several pieces of artillery. Anticipating an attack from Rosecrans, Floyd had intrenched himself in a strong position, so shielded by dense timber that his works could not be seen more than 300 yards. The attack was commenced about 3 p. m. by Benham's brigade and soon became general. A series of charges were made, but the enemy could not be driven from his position. The fight lasted until dark, when the Federal forces withdrew behind some ridges, directly in front of the Confederate works, and there bivouacked for the night, resting on their arms. During the night Floyd abandoned his works, crossed the Gauley, destroyed the bridge and ferry- Page 224 boat, and retired in the direction of Dogwood gap. Next morning the Union troops took possession of the abandoned camp, capturing a few prisoners, 2 stands of colors, a considerable quantity of arms, quartermaster's stores and camp equipage. In the engagement on the 10th the Federal loss was 17 killed and 141 wounded. Colonel Lowe, of the 12th Ohio, was among the killed, and Colonel Lytle, of the 10th Ohio, was severely wounded, gaining promotion for his gallantry-Floyd himself was slightly wounded. He reported his total casualties at 20 wounded. Carriers Ford, West Virginia, July 13, 1861. U. S. Forces under General T. A. Morris. As the Confederates under General Garnett retreated from Laurel mountain they were closely pursued by the Federals. About 4 a. m. on the 13th the advance guard left camp near Leadsville and moved toward the Cheat river, but a few hours behind Garnett. This advance consisted of the 7th and 9th Indiana and 14th Ohio Infantry and 3 guns of Barnett's battery, under the command of Captain H. W. Benham, chief engineer of the Department of the Ohio. Garnett reached Carrick's ford on the Cheat river about noon to find the stream very much swollen by recent rains. This caused some delay in crossing the train, which enabled Benham to close up and attack. Taliaferro's regiment, the 27th Virginia, had already crossed and was posted on a high bank on the opposite side. This regiment, with a section of artillery, opened a lively fire on Benham's advancing forces. Barnett was ordered up with his guns and commenced shelling the Confederate position. Seeing a good opportunity to turn the enemy's left, Benham ordered six companies of Colonel Dumont's regiment, the 7th Indiana, to cross the river some 300 yards above, pass obliquely up the hill and strike Taliaferro in the rear. Dumont was compelled to go further up the stream to find a good crossing place, which caused some delay in the execution of the movement. As this flanking party reached the road, having passed along the entire Confederate front under the river bank, the firing ceased and the enemy fled in some confusion, closely followed by Dumont, who skirmished with the rear-guard for about a half a mile. There another ford was reached, and while Garnett was personally directing the location of skirmishers he was instantly killed by a rifle ball. The loss of their leader somewhat disconcerted the Confederates and the retreat was hastened, Colonel Ramsey taking command. Owing to the tired condition of his men Benham did not press the pursuit further. He reported his loss as 2 killed and 6 or 7 wounded, 1 dangerously. Besides General Garnett the Confederates lost about 20 in killed and wounded and nearly 50 prisoners. About 40 loaded wagons and teams were captured, being the greater part of their baggage train, including a large supply of clothing, camp equipage and stores, 2 stands of colors, headquarters papers, etc. A fine piece of rifled artillery was also taken. Carrion Crow Bayou, Louisiana, October 15, 1863. 19th Army Corps. The itinerary of the corps for this date says: "Enemy deployed on our front at daylight; skirmish; enemy driven from the grounds. Our loss was 7 killed and wounded."


Carrion Crow Bayou, Louisiana, October 18, 1863. 1st Cavalry Brigade, 19th Army Corps. The "Record of Events" of the cavalry division during the operations of the corps in the Teche country, says: "The 1st Texas and 1st Louisiana cavalry, then composing the 1st brigade, Colonel E. J. Davis commanding, and a portion of the 2nd brigade, formed the advance under Major-General Franklin, moving up Bayou Teche to Bayou Bourbeau. At Vermillion bayou and Carrion Crow bayou sharp engagements took place between the cavalry force of the enemy, numerically much superior to Colonel Davis' command, resulting in slight loss to our force. Forty prisoners were captured in these affairs." This is the only official mention of the actions.


Carrion Crow Bayou, Louisiana November 2, 1863. Cavalry, 13th Army Corps. Major-General Washburn reported a determined attack on his cavalry at Carrion Crow bayou, in which 1 man was killed and 2 wounded. Brigadier-General Burbridge, of the 4th division, immediately went in pursuit, and soon overtook a force of some 1,000 Confederates. The enemy formed in line of battle, but was soon driven from his position and compelled to seek shelter in an adjacent woods. After maneuvering for some time to draw them out, Burbridge began to fall back. Then the enemy, who had been reinforced by about 500 additional troops, formed on the Federal left and tried to charge, but was beaten back by an effectual artillery fire. A second attempt was defeated in the same way, and the enemy withdrew. Washburn, believing the attack was merely a demonstration to develop his strength, exposed no more of his force than was necessary.


Carrion Crow Bayou, Louisiana, November 3, 1863. (See Bayou Bourbeau.)


Carrion Crow Bayou, Louisiana, November 11, 1863. 1st Brigade, 3d Division, and Cavalry Division, 19th Army Corps. Pursuant to orders from General Franklin, the cavalry division, Brigadier-General A. L. Lee commanding, moved out at daylight on the Opelousas road north of Vermillion, Fonda's brigade in advance. A squadron of the 2nd Illinois was sent forward as an advance guard and another squadron of the same regiment was thrown to the right, with orders to move on that flank about half a mile from the main column. The enemy's pickets were soon encountered and the skirmishing continued to within 2 miles of Carrion Crow bayou, when Fonda was directed to halt, and soon afterward was ordered to fall back. The movement was scarcely under way when the Confederates appeared in force on Fonda's rear and Colonel Lew Benedict, commanding the 1st brigade, 3d division, was ordered to the support of the cavalry. He selected a good position, where his men were concealed, and waited. The cavalry fell back through his line, and when the enemy advanced to the mouth of a road opening on the plain Benedict opened with his artillery. This effectually checked the pursuit and in 20 minutes not a Confederate was in sight. The Union loss was 5 killed, 12 wounded and 31 missing. The enemy's loss was not learned.


Carrion Crow Bayou, Louisiana, November 18, 1863. 6th Missouri Cavalry.


Carroll County, Missouri, April 1-2, 1863. Detachment of the 1st Arkansas Cavalry. Two companies of this regiment, under Captain Worthington, made a scout through Carroll county and returned to Fayetteville, Arkansas, on the 3d, having dispersed McFarlane's band of bushwhackers, killing 22 of them and taking 7 prisoners. McFarlane himself was reported as being among those killed. Worthington's loss was 1 man slightly wounded.


Carroll's Mill, Louisiana, April 7-8, 1864. (See Bayou de Paul.)


Carroll Station, Tennessee, December 19, 1862. (See Forrest's Expedition into West Tennessee.)


Carrollton, Arkansas, January 10, 1863.


Carrollton, Arkansas, March 13, 1864.


Carrollton, Arkansas, August 15, 1864. Arkansas Militia. Captain Edy's company attacked Wilson's guerrillas, 50 strong, at Carrollton, and killed Wilson and 3 of his men. Edy's loss was 1 man mortally wounded. Carrollton, Missouri, August 1, 1862.


Carrollton, Missouri, October 17, 1864. Detachment of Enrolled Missouri Militia. This affair was the surrender of the garrison at Carrollton, commanded by Major George Deagle, of the 65th regiment. Early on the morning of the 17th the pickets north of town retired before they had been relieved and Deagle ordered out new pickets. Before they had reached their posts a considerable force of the enemy made its appearance Page 226 and an unconditional surrender of the town was demanded. This was refused and about this time the pickets south of the town came in with the report that a large force of the enemy was approaching from that direction. A consultation was then held, in which Deagle agreed to surrender, provided that his men were paroled and allowed to return to their homes; the officers to retain their horses and side arms; and all private property was to be protected. After the terms had been agreed upon the Union men were marched to the court-house, where the officers were paroled, but Major Cravens, the Confederate paroling officer, informed Deagle that the men would have to be marched to Shelby's headquarters at Waverly before they could be paroled. Nor was this the only feature of the agreement that was violated by the Confederates. The town was plundered, the officers deprived of their horses and side arms and several private citizens were arrested. Deagle went with the enemy to Waverly to see that the men were paroled, but Shelby had left that place before Cravens' party arrived. Cravens then paroled all the men except 6, who were turned over to Anderson's guerrilla gang and were shot. At the time the attack was made on Carrollton the garrison numbered 160 men and was short of ammunition. The strength of the enemy was estimated at 800.


Carrolton Store, Virginia, March 13, 1864. 1st New York Mounted Rifles and 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry.


Carrsville, Virginia, October 15, 1862. One company of the 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry.


Carrsville, Virginia, November 17, 1862. Major-General John J. Peck reported that Major Wetherill, with 150 men, came upon 400 Confederate cavalry about noon, half-way between Carrsville and Holland's corners, but retired fighting toward the former place. No casualties reported. Carrsville, Virginia, January 30 1863. (See Deserted House.) Carrsville, Virginia, May 15, 1863. Detachment of the 7th Army Corps. Colonel R. S. Foster was sent out with a body of troops to cover the work of constructing a railroad from Suffolk to Blackwater. On the 15th a sharp skirmish occurred at Holland's house, near Carrsville, in which the Union loss was 9 men wounded, 1 horse killed, and a caisson belonging to Davis' battery riddled. The enemy tried to force the picket line, but failed to do so. Between 5 and 7 p. m. he fired about sixty shot and shell down the railroad. He then advanced within canister range, when he was driven back with heavy loss. Foster remained on duty from the 12th to the 26th, during which time 36 miles of railroad were completed.


Carrsville, Virginia, May 18, 1863. 170th New York Volunteers.


Carter County, Kentucky, August 27, 1863.


Carter Creek Pike, Tennessee, April 2, 1863. Cavalry, Army of Kentucky. Major-General Gordon Granger, commanding the Army of Kentucky, reported to General Rosecrans on this date the capture of 2 lieutenants and 8 privates killed by a scouting party sent out on the Carter creek pike. Union loss 2 killed.


Carter Creek Pike, Tennessee, April 27, 1863. Detachment of Granger's Cavalry. About 1 a. m. General Granger, who was encamped at Franklin, pushed out his cavalry between the Columbia and Carter creek pikes to surprise and capture the Texas legion, camped about 8 miles from the town. The camp was reached and surrounded about daybreak, capturing the entire force, consisting of 9 commissioned officers and 112 men, together with 300 horses and mules, 8 wagons, all their arms, ammunition, camp and garrison equipments, etc. The capture was made within a mile of General Van Dorn's main body. Several of the enemy were killed and wounded in the encounter, but the Union force did not meet with any casualty.


Carter's Depot, Tennessee, September 21-23, 1863. (See Carter's Station.)


Carter's Farm, Virginia, July 20, 1864. Detached Troops, Army of West Virginia. Brigadier-General W. W. Averell, commanding the 2nd cavalry division, with 1,000 cavalry, Duval's infantry brigade, 1,350 strong, and two batteries, left Parkersburg, West Virginia, on the 15th for Martinsburg. On the morning of the 20th he sent all the 14th Pennsylvania cavalry but 200 men to attack the enemy at Berryville. About the same time he was joined by some 300 cavalry from Martinsburg, and with his whole force moved forward. At Carter's farm, about 3 miles north of Winchester, the enemy opened fire from 4 guns concealed in the timber, and at the same time moved a brigade of cavalry on each of Averell's flanks. Averell hurried his artillery into position and' the infantry was formed in line of battle, the cavalry being thrown to the flanks to repel the attacks there. The concentrated fire from 12 guns and the steady advance of the infantry proved too much for the Confederates, who were thrown into confusion, when the Union troops pressed forward and drove them toward Winchester. Averell's loss was 53 killed, 155 wounded and 6 missing. The enemy lost 73 killed, 130 wounded and 250 captured. Four cannon were abandoned by the Confederates in their flight. Carter's Run, Virginia, September 6, 1863. 2nd Division Cavalry Corps. The pickets of the 1st brigade were attacked about 10 a. m. The sentinel left his post without giving any notice, thus giving the enemy an opportunity to surprise the picket. In the skirmish the Federals lost 2 men killed and 5 captured, together with 20 horses and 3 mules. The officer in charge was Lieutenant Lyon, of the 1st Pennsylvania cavalry.


Carter's Station, Tennessee, September 21-23, 1863. 3d and 4th Divisions, 23d Army Corps. In the East Tennessee campaign Cameron's brigade— 2nd brigade, 3d division—moved on the 21st from Jonesboro to Carter's station, or depot, skirmishing with the enemy along the line of march. The next day he was joined by Colonel Gilbert with the 1st brigade. General S. P. Carter, commanding the 4th division, also arrived on the ground that day after a four hours' fight with the Confederate forces under Milton A. Haynes. On the 23d the enemy evacuated Carter's station and the 3d division moved back to Jonesboro, followed by the 4th on the 24th.


Carter's Station, Tennessee, September 30, 1864. 4th Division, 23d Army Corps. This was an incident of the raid into southwestern Virginia. The division, under command of Brigadier-General Jacob Ammen, left Bull's gap, Tennessee, with 2,450 men on the 27th and marched to Greeneville. The next day the advance met a small body of Confederates near Rheatown and killed 3 of them in a skirmish. On the 29th a small force was encountered at Jonesboro and another skirmish followed. Later in the day the 15th Pennsylvania cavalry met another party and drove them over the Watauga river on the Duvall's ferry road, and on the 30th the division marched to Carter's station. Here the enemy was found in some force and driven across the river, where he took up a strong position. Night coming on before the artillery could be brought into position to dislodge him, further operations were postponed until next morning. On October 1, the guns were placed and by noon the Confederates were shelled from their position, retreating in the direction of Zollicoffer.


Cartersville, Georgia, May 20, 1864. 3d Division, 23d Army Corps. In the Atlanta campaign the division, commanded by Brigadier-General J. D. Cox, on this date advanced from Cassville to Cartersville, meeting stubborn resistance all the way. Reilly's brigade was deployed on the left of the road, Hurt's on the right, and the rest of the command followed in column. The Confederates were driven through Cartersville and across the Etowah river, but they managed to destroy the railroad bridge in their retreat. As an act of retaliation the Federals destroyed the Etowah mills a day or two later. No casualties reported.


Cartersville, Georgia, July 24, 1864. Cartersville, Georgia, September 20, 1864. Carthage, Arkansas, November 27, 1862. 2nd Kansas Cavalry.


Carthage, Missouri, July 5, 1861. Missouri State Troops. All the men engaged in this fight, on both sides, were Missourians. The Union forces, commanded by General Franz Sigel, consisted of 550 men of the 3d regiment, 400 of the 5th, and two batteries of 4 guns each, numbering in all about 1,500 men. Opposed to this force were about 4,000 infantry and cavalry and two batteries, under the command of Gov. Jackson. On the evening of the 4th Sigel encamped on Spring river southeast of Carthage. The next morning he resumed his march and about halfway between Dry Fork creek and Carthage he found the enemy drawn up in line of battle—probably 3,500 men—with a strong reserve in the rear. The Union advance was soon engaged and Sigel disposed his forces as follows: Two companies of the 3d regiment and 2 pieces of artillery were sent to the assistance of the advance guard; one company of the same regiment and a piece of artillery were left to guard the train; the 2nd battalion of the 3d was placed on the left; next to this were 4 pieces of artillery; the 5th regiment, in two battalions, in the center; then the remaining three guns, and on the right the 1st battalion of the 3d regiment. When his line was thus formed the entire body was advanced a few hundred yards, when the whole seven pieces of artillery opened on the Confederate center. Under this direct attack the enemy's lines began to waver, but before Sigel could press his advantage he discovered that two detachments of mounted troops were making efforts to gain both his right and left flanks, which caused him to change his tactics and assume the defensive in order to save his train. Part of the troops were therefore ordered behind Dry Fork creek, while two battalions and the 4 guns of Wilkin's battery were hurried to the defense of the train. At Dry Fork Essig's battery took a position behind the ford, where, assisted by one company of the 5th and two companies of the 3d regiment, he held the enemy in check for two hours and inflicted severe losses. This enabled Sigel to reach Carthage, where he sent the train safely out of the way of capture and took a position on the heights north of the town. Sending detachments to keep open . his communication with Springfield and Mount Vernon, Sigel now took possession of the town long enough to give his troops a brief rest, after which he commenced his retreat toward Sarcoxie, under protection of the artillery, pausing now and then long enough to fire a few shots at the advancing enemy. The Confederates soon tired of the sport and withdrew the pursuit. The Union loss for the day was 13 killed and 31 wounded. The Confederates reported a loss of 40 or 50 killed and 120 wounded, but it was probably greater. This engagement brought Sigel into notice as a master in conducting a running fight against almost overwhelming odds.


Carthage, Missouri, March 19-20, 1862. 5th Kansas Cavalry. The expedition against Carthage, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Powell Clayton, left camp at Dry Wood about 2 p. m. on the 19th and marched 8 miles, when Clayton sent Captain Creitz, with a portion of his company, to occupy Lamar and march to Carthage on the following day. The main body moved to Carthage on the 20th by a different route. Creitz reached the place first, dashed into town, captured 15 or 20 of the leading Confederate sympathizers, and took possession of Johnson's mill with a large quantity of wheat. While on the march the main body's advance was fired upon by some guerrillas from ambush and 3 men were wounded.


Carthage, Missouri, November 27, 1862, January 13, May 16, June 27-28, and October 2, 1863.


Carthage, Missouri, May 26, 1863. 2nd Kansas Cavalry. A scouting party Page 229 of this regiment, under command of Colonel W. F. Cloud, overtook a party of some 100 Confederates near Carthage and attacked them about daylight. The enemy fled at the first fire and Cloud spent some time in scouring the woods in pursuit. No casualties reported.


Carthage, Missouri, July 21, 1864. Detachment of the 7th Enrolled Missouri Militia. Lieutenant Henry, with 25 men, was attacked within a short distance of Carthage by about 125 Confederates under Captain Rusk. Henry and 8 of his men were killed at the first fire and several others were missing. The company in the fort at Carthage offered Henry no assistance, .deeming the enemy too strong. Carthage, Missouri, September 22, 1864. Missouri State Militia. Major Milton Burch, commanding the post at Neosho, reported to General Sanborn on the 23d that the town of Carthage had been burned by guerrillas the day before. Troops sent from Neosho had a fight with the guerrillas, but at the time Burch made his report the particulars of the engagement had not been learned, except that the enemy had been driven from the town. No further mention of the affair occurs in the official reports of the war. Carthage, Tennessee, January 23, 1863.


Carthage, Tennessee, March 8, 1863. Detachment, 11th Ohio Infantry. Captain George Johnson, with 55 men, was escorting a forage train to Carthage. When near his destination he was attacked by 140 Confederate cavalry, surrounded and captured, with his entire company. The enemy fired but once, wounding 3 men slightly and 1 seriously. Carthage Road, Tennessee, November 28, 1862. 2nd Indiana Cavalry. On the morning of the 28th a forage train of 10 wagons was sent out from the camp under an escort of 40 men, in charge of Lieutenant Brush. When about 2 miles from Hartsville, on the Carthage road, the train was attacked in both front and rear by some 200 Confederates, commanded by Colonel Bennett, and the train was surrendered without resistance. A few of the men escaped and brought the news to Major Hill, who promptly ordered out the regiment and started in pursuit. At the Cumberland river, near Rome, he found Bennett's party encamped. Hill halted to wait for the main body of his men to come up, but the Confederates beginning to make demonstrations, he ordered a charge with the 90 men at hand. The charge was successfully executed, the men firing their revolvers at the enemy at short range and throwing him into confusion. The Confederates then massed at the farther end of the bridge to dispute the passage. Hill dismounted some of his men, the main body having in the meantime arrived on the scene, and opened fire on the enemy, who again broke in confusion. A charge was then made across the bridge, those in the camp dispersed, 7 of the wagons and 8 of the prisoners recaptured. Hill then pursued the fleeing Confederates for 10 or 12 miles, when they were reinforced and he returned to camp, bringing off the recaptured property and a wagon belonging to Bennett. The Federal loss in the affair was 37 men missing and 3 men who were killed while prisoners. The loss of the enemy was not definitely learned, though 12 were seen lying dead in the road near the bridge.


Caruthersville, Missouri, July 8, 1864. Detachment, 1st Missouri State Militia and 18th U. S. Colored Infantry. Captain Kelling, with 75 men, embarked on board the gunboat Huntress, No. 58, at New Madrid on the 6th, to go in pursuit of a party of guerrillas. Leaving the boat at Quigley's, near the Arkansas line, the next morning, Kelling marched into what was known as the Cowskin Settlement, where he had a skirmish with a small party. On the next day he moved northeast, having several brushes with the enemy during the day and encamped that night at Caruthersville. Kelling reported 8 of the enemy killed in the various skirmishes of the day.


Caruthersville, Missouri, December 30, 1864. Detachment of the 2nd Missouri State Militia Cavalry. A party of guerrillas made their appearance in the vicinity of Caruthersville on this date and were pursued by a detachment from that place. The guerrillas lost 1 man killed and 2 horses captured. The noise of the horses' hoofs on the frozen ground, as the Union force approached at a rapid gait, gave the alarm or the entire party could have been captured. Cass Station, Georgia, May 24th, 1864. 1st and 11th Kentucky Cavalry and 50th Ohio Infantry. Wheeler's cavalry made an attack on a wagon train between Cass station and Cassville, capturing about half the wagons and burning the rest. The Union loss was 20 men killed and wounded; Confederate loss not ascertained. Wheeler's force reported at 5,000 to 7,000. Cassville, Georgia, May 19-22, 1864. 4th, 14th and 20th Army Corps. Stanley's division of the 4th corps (Howard's) reached Kingston at 8 a. m. and moved from there in the direction of Cassville. When about half-way to that place the enemy was found posted on high ground at Two-Run creek, and as soon as the head of the Federal column appeared opened fire from a 6-gun battery. Stanley ordered up his artillery, which quickly silenced the enemy's guns, when the division again moved forward some 4 miles to an old mill, where the Confederate infantry was discovered drawn up in two lines and advancing. Three divisions were here formed for action; Wood's on the right, Newton's on the left, and Stanley's in the center. The engagement was opened by artillery from different points, and the enemy again gave way, falling back toward Cassville. The 4th corps then occupied the works abandoned by the Confederates and formed a junction with the 20th corps (Hooker's), but almost immediately the order was received to move at once, straight on to Cassville. Palmer's corps (the 14th) now came up on Howard's right and there was skirmishing all along the line. Johnston's army occupied a strong position at Cassville. Hood's, Polk's and half of Hardee's corps were formed in double lines extending from north to south, while the rest of Hardee's corps was drawn up beyond the railroad and extending toward the river. For several days he had been maneuvering for a position where he could successfully give battle to the advancing Federal forces. His men confidently expected the battle at Cassville. Hood and Polk expressed their opinion very positively on the night of the 19th that neither of them could hold their position next day, because a part of each was enfiladed by artillery. Hardee was for making a stand and giving battle. During the night Johnston withdrew his forces across the Etowah, destroying the railroad bridge in his retreat. The Federal army rested at Cassville until the 23d, an occasional skirmish taking place between detachments of the two armies. Cassville, Missouri, September 21, 1862. 1st Arkansas Cavalry. Cassville, Missouri, June 11, 1862. 37th Illinois Volunteers. Two wagons belonging to this regiment, accompanied by 5 men, were fired on from ambush about 7 miles from Cassville, with the result that 1 man was killed and 2 wounded. The bushwhackers captured 1 prisoner and 4 horses. The number of the attacking party was not ascertained. Cassville, Missouri, July 27, 1863. Detachment of the 2nd Missouri Infantry. A scouting party encountered about 20 Confederates southeast of Cassville, killed 4 and wounded 4, with a loss of 3 men missing.


Cassville, West Virginia, September 23, 1861.


Castleman's Ferry, Virginia, November 2, 1862. Confederate General McGowan reported that as McClellan was pursuing Lee, after the battle of Antietam, Gregg's and Thomas' brigades, with a battery of artillery, were thrown forward to Castleman's ferry to prevent the Federals from crossing the Shenandoah river at that point. He says: "Gregg's Page 231 brigade took position, and, under a light fire of artillery, awaited the approach of the enemy, who never reached our side of the ford. In this affair the brigade lost 3 wounded, 1 mortally." Union reports do not mention the engagement. Caston's Plantation, South Carolina, October 22, 1862. (See Brannan's Expedition from Hilton Head.)


Castor River, Missouri, April 29, 1863. (See Bloomfield, same date.)


Castor River, Missouri, August 1, 1863. (See Round Ponds.)


Catawba Mountain, Virginia, June 21, 1864. Army of West Virginia. In the Lynchburg campaign there was considerable skirmishing on this date in the vicinity of Catawba mountain and on the New Castle road. Early in the morning Brigadier-General Duffie, commanding the division, was ordered to proceed to Catawba Mountain gap, clear out the blockade there, and hold the pass until the train had passed through. Duffie executed the order successfully, and after the train had passed sent a regiment to the summit of the mountain to assist the artillery under Captain Carlin, but it arrived too late to be of service, two batteries having already been captured, the guns spiked and the carriages disabled. The cavalry dispersed the enemy, killing and wounding about 30 of them, and the guns were recaptured, but owing to the lack of horses to transport them they were abandoned. Meantime the 2nd division, commanded by Brigadier-General Averell, had been attacked by the Confederate cavalry on the Fincastle road, but the attack was repulsed. That night the army moved to New Castle, and the next day proceeded in the direction of Lewisburg.


Catawba River, North Carolina, April 17, 1865. Cavalry Division, District of East Tennessee. This engagement was an incident of the expedition planned by Major-General Stoneman, commanding the district, into western North Carolina. When the division reached the Catawba, a short distance east of Morganton, the floor of the bridge was found to be gone and the ford guarded by General McCown, with about 300 men and 1 piece of artillery. General Gillem, commanding the division, sent a detachment of the 8th Tennessee cavalry, under Major Kenner, to cross the river some distance above and gain McCown's rear. Another battalion of the same regiment was dismounted and pushed forward toward the bridge as far as shelter could be found, with orders to engage the enemy until Kenner could get into position. The Confederates opened fire with their cannon. Gillem brought up his battery of 4 guns and replied. The second shot disabled the enemy's gun, and a few more shells drove them from their rifle-pits. The dismounted Tennesseeans then charged over on the sleepers of the bridge and drove the enemy from the ford, killing several and capturing about 50 prisoners. The disabled gun was repaired and brought off.


Catlett's Gap, Georgia, September 14-18, 1863. 4th Division, 14th Army Corps. Just before the battle of Chickamauga Major-General George H. Thomas, commanding the 14th corps, was maneuvering for position and sending out reconnaissances to develop the enemy's strength. On the 14th General Turchin, commanding the 3d brigade, 4th division, sent the 97th Illinois mounted infantry on a reconnaissance to Catlett's gap in Pigeon mountain. The regiment met with some opposition from the Confederate pickets all the way from Chickamauga creek to the mouth of the gap, where the reserve was found drawn up and a long line of skirmishers deployed to the right of the road. Turchin's orders were to avoid bringing on an engagement and the regiment was withdrawn. On the 16th another reconnaissance was made and Cleburne's division (Confederate) was found posted in the road with a battery of artillery in position. The next day General Reynolds, commanding the 4th division, sent. Company E, 92nd Illinois, from the camp at Pond Spring to open communication Page 232 with Turchin's brigade. This company skirmished with the enemy, losing i man killed, 1 wounded, and 1 missing. General Wheeler, in his report for this date, mentions a fight of several hours, in which he drove the Federals back some distance, developing too large a force to attack, etc. This was probably the skirmish with the company above mentioned, and which was a slight affair. Turchin was relieved at the gap on the 17th and the following day the entire corps moved along Chickamauga creek to Crawfish Spring, and during the night took up a position at Kelly's farm, where it remained until the beginning of the battle of Chickamauga on the 19th.


Catlett's Station, Virginia, August 22, 1862. 1st Pennsylvania Reserve Rifles, Purnell Legion. An attempt was made by a detachment of Stuart's cavalry (Confederate), under cover of darkness and a severe storm, to capture General Pope and his staff and destroy the railroad bridge over Cedar creek at Catlett's station. The Federal pickets were overpowered without alarm, and, guided by a negro, the Confederates made a dash for Pope's headquarters. The general escaped capture, though several prisoners and considerable property fell into the hands of the enemy. They next attacked the Purnell legion, which was guarding the railroad bridge, and the train belonging to General McDowell's command, but were driven off by Colonel Kane, with his rifle regiment. Kane's loss was 5 wounded and his picket guard captured.


Catlett's Station, Virginia, October 24, 1862. Detachment of 3d West Virginia Cavalry.


Catlett's Station, Virginia, January 10, 1863. Organizations not specified. Catlett's Station, Virginia, October 6, 1863. 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry. A patrol of this regiment was attacked by a party of about 20 mounted Confederates, who wounded 1 man and carried 2 into captivity. General Terry sent a party in pursuit and the enemy was chased as far as Bristoe Station, but without being overtaken.


Catlett's Station, Virginia, October 14, 1863. 3d Division, 2nd Army Corps. In the Bristoe campaign the division, Brigadier-General Alexander Hays commanding, crossed Kettle run at Auburn at daybreak and took the road to Catlett's station, on the Orange & Alexandria railroad. Soon after crossing the stream, Owen's brigade, which was in advance, was attacked by a strong force of cavalry and artillery. A light skirmish line was thrown forward, but it was quickly repulsed. The skirmishers were reinforced by the 126th New York, supported by the 12th New Jersey, of Smyth's brigade. Seeing that the Confederates were not disposed to attack, Owen then advanced his whole brigade, when the enemy retired precipitately, leaving 28 prisoners and 7 horses in the hands of the Federals. Among the prisoners was Colonel Ruffin, of the 1st North Carolina cavalry, mortally wounded. Owen's loss was 7 killed and 17 wounded.


Catlett's Station, Virginia, October 19, 30; November 1, 27, 1863.


Catlett's Station, Virginia, November 3, 1863. Detachment of Kilpatrick's Cavalry. Major John S. Mosby, of the Confederate army, in a report dated November 6, says: "I returned yesterday from a scout in the neighborhood of Catlett's. I was accompanied by Captain Smith and 2 men of my command. We killed Kilpatrick's division commissary, captured an adjutant, 4 men, 6 horses, etc." The commissary mentioned by Mosby was Lieutenant Timothy Hedges, of the 2nd New York cavalry, but he was only wounded, and this was the only casualty mentioned in the Federal reports.


Catlett's Station, Virginia, December 14, 1863. Pennsylvania Reserves. Brigadier-General Crawford reported that a small party of guerrillas, wearing Federal uniforms, made an attack on this date on Colonel M. D. Hardin and some of his officers, while they were examining the vicinity of their camp at Catlett's station for means of additional defense. Hardin was shot through the arm and his horse killed. Colonel Gustin was shot in the Page 233 hand and his horse wounded. The guerrillas fled in the direction of Warrenton, with a detachment of cavalry in hot pursuit.


Catlett's Station, Virginia, April 16, 1864. Confederate General Stuart, in a report dated April 20, states that a scout of the 4th Virginia cavalry attacked 5 Federals near Catlett's station on the 16th, killing 4, the other escaping. Federal reports make no mention of such an affair.


Cato, Kansas, November 8, 1862.


Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, September 13, 1862. Pleasonton's Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac. The main body of the division moved at daylight from Frederick on the Hagerstown turnpike. Upon arriving at the Catoctin range of the Blue Ridge the Confederates under Wade Hampton opened fire on the advance with artillery. Pleasanton ordered up 2 sections of Robertson's and Hains' batteries, dismounted the 3d Indiana and 8th Illinois and sent them up the mountain to the right as skirmishers, holding the rest of his command in readiness to advance as soon as the enemy showed signs of weakening. After some sharp fighting with both carbines and artillery the Confederates retreated hastily toward Middletown. On the east side of that town they made another stand, when Gibson's battery was brought up and by a few well-directed shots again drove them from their position. Farnsworth's brigade pursued, but a short distance from the town they again took up a position to defend. Gibson's battery routed them again and they fled precipitately to Turner's gap of South mountain, blowing up the bridge over Catoctin creek as they went. Farnsworth followed, but at the foot of the mountain found the enemy in too strong a position to be carried. (See South Mountain.)


Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, July 7, 1864. (See Hager's Mountain.)


Catoosa Station, Georgia, February 23, 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 14th Army Corps, and 39th Indiana Mounted Infantry. The corps left Ringgold in the morning with the 39th Indiana, commanded by Colonel T. J. Harrison, in advance. A feeble stand was made by the Confederate cavalry at Catoosa station, but were driven in the direction of Tunnel Hill, Harrison pursuing. About 2 miles beyond the station the enemy was reinforced by a large body of cavalry under Wheeler, and Harrison was compelled to retire. At this juncture the 1st brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General W. P. Carlin, was hurried to Harrison's support. Finding himself thus supported Harrison reformed his line and attacked the enemy directly in front, while Carlin deployed his command on both sides of the road and steadily advanced. In a little while the Confederates began to fall back and were closely pressed for about 2 miles, when they made a stand behind a barricade of rails. Colonel Briant, with the 88th Indiana, was sent to occupy a hill to the right and rear of the enemy and thus cut off his retreat. The movement was discovered by Wheeler, who abandoned his position and fled precipitately toward Tunnel Hill.


Catoosa Springs, Georgia, May 3, 1864. McCook's Cavalry. As the 4th corps, under Major-General O. O. Howard, moved from Cleveland to Catoosa Springs the left wing was covered by McCook's cavalry. A short distance east of the springs a detachment of McCook's command met and routed a body of Confederate cavalry in a slight skirmish. No casualties reported.


Cave City, Kentucky, May 11, 1862. Colonel John Morgan (Confederate) held up a train on the Louisville & Nashville railroad, and captured Major Coffee, of the 1st Kentucky cavalry, and 6 other soldiers, burned 45 freight cars and blew up a locomotive. The passengers were released and they returned to Louisville. Morgan's object was to capture a train loaded with Confederate prisoners on its way northward, but the train was stopped before it reached Cave City and returned to Nashville.


Cave City, Kentucky, September 18, 1862. The only official mention of an engagement at Cave City on this date is in the report of Confederate General Wheeler, who says: "About daylight the enemy's cavalry in large force moved up rapidly in good order toward Cave City, followed by infantry. * * * After resisting the enemy's advance until late in the day, we finally moved toward Glasgow to collect all detachments on the lower roads and protect some trains at that point."


Cave Spring Road, Georgia, October 13, 1864. 3d Brigade, 4th Division, 15th Army Corps. On the morning of the 13th the brigade crossed the Etowah river and began the march toward Rome, Company E, 7th Illinois infantry, in advance. After marching about 4 miles the advance drove in a Confederate picket in a slight skirmish, and Lieutenant-Colonel Hurlbut, commanding the brigade, sent forward two more companies of the 7th Illinois armed with Henry rifles. Near the five-mile post skirmishing became very brisk, the rest of the regiment was thrown forward and drove the enemy some distance, when he took up a strong position on the crest of a hill behind a barricade of rails. One section of Battery B, 1st Michigan artillery, was brought up and after three or four rounds the Confederates entirely disappeared. Near the junction of the Cave Spring and Coosaville roads they made another stand in some force, with 2 pieces of artillery. The 7th Illinois and 39th la. were deployed as skirmishers, supported by the 50th and 57th Illinois Here the most severe fighting of the day occurred, the skirmishers having to cross an open field, in some places quite swampy, the enemy all the time pouring a galling fire into their ranks. The men advanced steadily, however, and in a little while forced the enemy to abandon his position. Another stand was made a short distance further on, when Colonel Spencer was moved around to the right to cut off the retreat, but before the movement could be carried out Hurlbut received orders to return to Rome. Casualties 6 men wounded. That of the enemy was much greater, but was not definitely learned.


Cedar Bayou, Texas, November 23, 1863. 3d Brigade, 2nd Division, Department of the Gulf. On the night of the 22nd the brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General Ransom, encamped at St. Joseph's island. The next morning it resumed the march and about noon reached Cedar bayou to find it guarded by a detachment of the 8th Texas infantry under Major Hill. The advance guard at once engaged the Confederates and in the skirmish Hill was killed and several of his men wounded. The enemy beat a hasty retreat in the direction of Fort Esperanza. The Union loss was 1 sergeant slightly wounded.


Cedar Bluff, Alabama, May 3, 1863. (See Streight's Raid.)


Cedar Bluffs, Company, May 3, 1864. One company of the 1st Colorado Cavalry. Major Downing, with the detachment, attacked a camp of Cheyenne Indians at daybreak, killed about 25 and wounded probably 35 or 40 more, captured 100 head of horses and all their camp equipage, etc. His loss was 1 killed and 1 wounded.


Church, Kentucky, October 3, 1862. 1st Ohio Cavalry. Pursuant to instructions, Colonel Minor Milliken, commanding the regiment, moved out from Shepherdsville on the Bardstown road early in the morning. When near Cedar Church, 5 miles from Shepherdsville, he found evidences that a party of the enemy had encamped there the night before. He made a reconnaissance in the direction of Woodbridge and on his return learned that a body of cavalry was following him. Dividing his command he sent one part to intercept the enemy and with the rest took up a position at the church. Firing was soon heard and he hastened to the assistance of the intercepting party to find them driving the Confederates toward the church. This placed the enemy between two fires and they surrendered. The company consisted of 2 captains, 1 lieutenant and 19 men. Page 235 Milliken also captured 23 stand of arms and 22 horses and equipments without the loss of a man.


Cedar County, Missouri, October 17, 1863. 5th Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia. Major A. J. Pugh, with a detachment of the regiment, attacked a band of guerrillas, killing 5, wounding 2 and capturing 3, with a number of horses, equipments, arms, etc. No casualties reported.


Cedar Creek, Florida, March 1, 1864. Henry's Light Brigade. On this date the light brigade, consisting of the 40th Massachusetts mounted infantry, 4th Massachusetts cavalry and Battery B, 1st U. S. artillery, was stationed at Camp Moody, a short distance from Jacksonville, Colonel G. V. Henry commanding. Henry sent out a reconnoitering party, made up of 1 battalion of the 4th, a squadron of the 40th, and 1 piece of artillery, under command of Major Stevens, to ascertain the enemy's position at Ten-mile Station. Before reaching his destination Stevens was attacked by about 100 cavalry and 2 pieces of artillery. They were driven back some distance, when they were reinforced by a regiment of infantry and another gun. Stevens then fell back, fighting as he went, to Cedar creek, where he was reinforced by all the brigade except one squadron of the 40th regiment. Henry assumed command and had scarcely formed his lines when the enemy charged, but in passing a swamp a number of the horses mired down. The men dismounted and fought on foot, pouring a heavy fire into the Union ranks as they advanced. Another party effected a crossing on the right and attacked Henry on the flank with three regiments of infantry and some 300 cavalry. Henry fell back to Three-Mile run, where he took a strong position and the enemy retired. The fight commenced at McGirt's creek, about 10 a. m. and lasted until 3 p. m. The Union loss was 1 killed, 4 wounded and 5 missing. The Confederates acknowledged a loss of 40 or 50 in killed and wounded.


Cedar Creek, Florida, April 2, 1864. Henry's Light Brigade. The cavalry of the brigade, supported by the 75th Ohio and the 169th New York infantry and 4 pieces of artillery, made a reconnaissance in the direction of Cedar creek. The enemy's pickets were driven in and at the creek was found a considerable force, estimated at two regiments of cavalry and two of infantry. The 75th Ohio was thrown forward as skirmishers and soon developed the fact that the enemy occupied a strong position. To attack Henry's men would have to cross an open country, which would have entailed a heavy loss of life. Skirmishing continued for some time, the Union loss being 8 men wounded. The enemy's loss was estimated at 20 or 30 killed and wounded, as that number was seen to tall during the engagement.


Cedar Creek, Virginia, August 13, 1864. 3d Brigade, 1st Division, Sheridan's Cavalry. In the Shenandoah Valley campaign the 1st cavalry division marched via Newtown and Middletown to Cedar creek. Upon arriving there the 3d brigade had a slight skirmish with an outlying detachment of the enemy, in which 14 prisoners were taken.


Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 13, 1864. 1st and 3d Brigades, 1st Division, Army of West Virginia. The two brigades made a reconnaissance on the turnpike between Cedar creek and Strasburg to develop the strength and position of the Confederates. At the bridge over Cedar creek the enemy was found posted in considerable force. Crossing the creek below the bridge the Union troops formed under cover of a wood, the 1st brigade on the left of the pike and the 3d on the right, and moved rapidly forward. As soon as the advance appeared at the top of the hill it was greeted by a discharge of artillery, aimed with great accuracy. The 3d brigade was then moved to the right to get out of line of the fire. Meantime the 1st was moved up under shelter of the wood, made a dash across an open field, and took a position behind a stone wall within a few hundred yards of the enemy. A continuous line was now formed Page 236 with the other brigade and the whole body was soon engaged in a spirited conflict with the Confederate infantry, when the two brigades were ordered to retire. Colonel Wells, commanding the ist, did not receive the order and continued fighting after the other brigade had retired, which gave the enemy an opportunity to pour an enfilading fire into his ranks, compelling him to fall back without orders. On the retreat the Confederates pressed his lines so closely as to throw them into some confusion, but by skillful management he managed to extricate his command from a very hazardous position. The Union loss in this engagement was 22 killed, 110 wounded and 77 missing; Confederate casualties not ascertained.


Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864. 6th and 19th Army Corps and Army of West Virginia. On the evening of the 18th the Confederate forces under Early occupied a position at Fisher's hill, a short distance south of Strasburg. The Union army was encamped about 5 miles north, on the north bank of Cedar creek, in the vicinity of Middletown. The Army of West Virginia, commanded by General George Crook, lay west of the pike running from Middletown to Strasburg, probably a mile and a half north of the former, Thoburn's division (the ist) occupying the extreme left. Along the pike and extending west from it lay the 19th corps, General William H. Emory commanding, and still further up the creek was the 6th corps, under command of Major-General Horatio G. Wright, who, in the absence of General Sheridan, was the ranking officer. Still farther to the right and up the creek was Torbert's cavalry in three divisions, commanded by Generals Merritt, Powell and Custer, respectively. The Federals had destroyed all the supplies between Cedar creek and Staunton, making it necessary for Early to transport all his rations, feed, etc., from the latter place by wagons—a somewhat difficult task— and for several days the Confederates had been expected to either attack or fall back for supplies. Reconnaissances on the 18th showed no enemy in the immediate front, and it was generally believed that they had retreated up the valley. To make sure, however, Wright issued orders that evening for two brigades to make another reconnaissance the next morning. One of these was to move up the Strasburg pike and the other was to take the Back road, some 3 miles west and nearly parallel to the pike. Both were to move at dawn and to go forward until the enemy was found and strongly felt, in order to learn his intentions. From the signal station at the end of Three-top mountain, which overlooked all of Sheridan's camps, Captain Hotchkiss had on the 17th made a map of the Federal position, and it was from this map that Early planned his attack. At midnight, on the 18th, Kershaw and Wharton marched from Fisher's hill to Strasburg, where they separated, Wharton continuing on up the pike to Hupp's hill, while Kershaw turned to the west along a by-road leading to Bowman's mill. Gordon, Pegram and Ramseur had marched several hours before, moving along the base of Three-top mountain to the North Fork of the Shenandoah at Bowman's ford, where they crossed and gained position on the Union left. Rosser's command was moved by the Back road to attack the cavalry. At the first blush of dawn on the 19th the Federals were aroused from their slumbers by the roar of artillery and the rattle of musketry. The attack was commenced by Kershaw and fell upon Thoburn's division. Before the men had time to form, the Confederates, fired by the prospects of victory, were among them. The division was swept from its position, many of the men and 7 guns being captured. These were immediately turned upon the retreating troops. The corps commanders, Wright, Emory and Crook, exerted themselves to form a line, with Hayes' and Kitching's divisions as a base, west of the pike for the defence of the road. Pursuant to the order of the evening before Page 237 Molineux's brigade was in line, ready to start upon its reconnaissance. This brigade was ordered by Emory to cross the pike and take position on a wooded ridge, in order to support Crook, while Wright ordered two more brigades to the same locality. Had this movement been carried out it would no doubt have checked the advance of the enemy in the beginning of the engagement. But before the line could be formed Gordon and Ramseur suddenly debouched from the woods west of the pike and struck the divisions of Hayes and Kitching on the flank. These divisions were without intrenchments of any kind and the men, already demoralized by the retreat of Thoburn's division, could not withstand the sudden and unexpected assault. The line broke, thus exposing the 19th corps to an enfilading fire for its entire length. Under the circumstances Wright issued the order for the 6th and 19th corps to fall back. A dense fog prevailed and some confusion resulted in the execution of the movement, but the batteries of the 6th corps finally took a position on the ridge near the cemetery west of Middletown, where they did such effective work that the enemy was compelled to halt and strengthen his lines. About the same time Ramseur and Pegram sent word to Early that they must have reinforcements on the Union left or they would be unable to break through. Wharton's division, the men of which were busy in plundering the evacuated camp of the 19th corps, was rallied and sent to their assistance. Wharton was met by a destructive fire from the infantry of Getty's division, now commanded by Brigadier-General L. A. Grant, before which the whole line recoiled, and while the confusion existed Grant charged and drove Wharton back down the hill. The charge was met by a discharge of artillery, all the enemy's guns being concentrated on the division, which was compelled to fall back. It was in this charge that Brigadier-General Bidwell fell mortally wounded. A little after 8 o'clock the fog lifted and the movement of troops could be directed with more intelligence. In the early part of the engagement the general movement of the Union forces had been toward the left, to confront the enemy in his attack on that portion of the line. In falling back they had maintained a position en echelon, each corps being farther north than the one on its left, and the charge of the 6th corps was well to the Confederate right. To make matters worse for the Confederates the attack of Rosser on the Union cavalry had not been so successful as that of the infantry on the left. Here the order of the previous evening redounded to the advantage of the Federal arms. The 1st and 3d divisions were both stirring before daylight, preparing to send men on the reconnaissance, and when Custer's pickets were driven in the men were promptly ordered into the saddle to repulse the attack that they felt sure was coming. Forming the cavalry on the right of the infantry Torbert sent his trains to the rear, and when Rosser advanced far enough for the cavalry batteries to open on his line he was greeted by a fire that drove him to the shelter of the woods near by, where he remained until the tide of battle was turned in favor of the Union side. In the meantime Powell's division was holding Lomax's cavalry in check at Front Royal, so that the cavalry attack might be characterized as a failure. After the fog lifted Wright ordered all the cavalry to the left. Leaving three regiments to hold Rosser in check, Torbert promptly made the transfer. The 1st brigade, 2nd division, under Colonel Moore, which had been stationed at Burton's ford as a picket, was cut off by Gordon, but rejoined the main body at Middletown, having made a detour around the Confederate right. Seeing the Federals massing their strength in this quarter, Early crowded his troops farther to the eastward to prevent his right wing from becoming enveloped. When the fight commenced General Sheridan was at Winchester, where he had paused on his return from Washington. Reports of the Page 238 cannonading reached him early in the morning, but not attaching much importance to it he remained at Winchester until two hours later, when it became certain that a battle was in progress. Mounting his horse he started for the scene. On the way he met and turned back many of his men who were straggling to the rear. Inspired by the example of their intrepid commander they hurried back to the front and took their places in line with a determination to do or die. Under Sheridan's orders the line of battle was formed on the prolongation of Getty's line and a temporary breastwork of logs, rails, etc., hastily constructed. Early advanced and attacked, the assault falling principally on the 19th corps, which bravely withstood the shock and after some severe fighting the Confederates were driven back. At 4 p. m. Sheridan ordered a general advance. Early's promised victory became a defeat and the defeat became a rout. Custer's gallant charge with his division of cavalry was closely followed by a combined movement of all the Federal forces and the enemy was forced back across Cedar creek. The difficulties in crossing added to the confusion and all efforts to rally the men were vain. Custer's division and Devin's brigade of Merritt's pursued the routed mass to Fisher's hill, a distance of over 3 miles, the road all the way being covered with abandoned artillery, wagons, caissons and ambulances. The Federal loss was 644 killed, 3,430 wounded and 1,591 missing. Most of the missing men belonged to Thoburn's division and were captured in the first attack. Early stated his casualties as being "about 1,860 killed and wounded, and something over 1,000 prisoners." The 24 cannon lost by the Union troops in the morning were all recaptured, together with 24 pieces that had belonged to the enemy. Scores of wagons were piled up and burned by the Federal cavalry and 56 ambulances fell into Sheridan's hands. This battle broke the Confederate hold upon the Shenandoah Valley. Although Early remained for some time in that part of the state he did not again assume the aggressive until Sheridan withdrew to Kernstown. (See Cedar Creek, November 12, 1864.)


Cedar Creek, Virginia, November 12, 1864. Sheridan Cavalry Corps. After the battle of Cedar creek on October 19 the Confederate forces under Early retreated to New Market, where they remained inactive for about three weeks. On November 9 Sheridan withdrew to Kernstown and the next day Early advanced down the pike, crossed Cedar creek and took up a position at Middletown. On the 12th Sheridan ordered Powell's division of cavalry to move out on the Winchester and Front Royal pike, while Custer moved via the Middle and Back roads and Merritt on the Valley pike to learn the enemy's intentions. At Nineveh Powell met and routed Lomax's division of cavalry, capturing their 2 pieces of artillery 3 wagons, 50 horses, 2 battle flags and 161 prisoners. The Confederates here lost 20 killed and 35 wounded, Powell's loss being 2 killed and 15 wounded. Custer struck Rosser's cavalry about 4 miles north of Cedar creek and drove him back to the other side with severe losses, several being killed and wounded and 16 captured. Merritt engaged a body of Confederate infantry about dark and skirmished with them until 10 p. m., when he returned to camp. Meantime detachments of infantry were sent out to the support of the cavalry, as it looked like an engagement was imminent the next day, but when morning came it was found that Early had retreated during the night and taken up his old quarters at New Market. Cedar Fort, Utah, April 1, 1863. Detachment of the 2nd California Cavalry. Lieutenant Ethier, with 25 men of Company A, was in pursuit of some Indians, overtook them at Cedar Fort on the afternoon of the 1st, and through false information given him by some Mormons as to the numbers of the savages, attacked them in a strong position. After a volley or two, in which one chief was seen to fall, Ethier was fired on by a large body Page 239 concealed in ambush, but managed to extricate his men from an unpleasant position without loss. Cedar Glade, Arkansas, March 1, 1864.


Cedar Keys, Florida, February 16, 1865. 2nd U. S. Colored troops.


Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. Parts of the 2nd and 3d Army Corps. Jackson crossed the Rapidan at Barnett's ford on Thursday, August 7, and advanced in heavy force toward Culpeper Court House. At that time the Union forces under Pope occupied the turnpike between Culpeper and Sperryville, ready to concentrate at either place when the enemy's plans became apparent . Brigadier-General Bayard, with part of the cavalry of the 3d corps (McDowell's), was in advance near the Rapidan at the time the Confederates crossed that river. He fell back slowly, harassing the advance all he could and taking some prisoners. On Friday the 1st and 2nd corps, commanded by Sigel and Banks, respectively, and part of the 3d corps were massed at Culpeper, and Crawford's brigade of the 2nd was sent to the support of Bayard. The next day Crawford reported to Pope that the enemy had advanced to Cedar mountain and occupied its slopes. Banks was ordered to move out with his command and occupy the position then held by Crawford. There has been some dispute as to whether Pope's intention was to bring on an engagement, but there is no doubt that Banks obeyed the order, as he understood it. He moved out on the road running to Robertson's ford on the Rapidan, and arrived at the little creek known as Cedar run, about a mile and a half from the mountain, between 1 and 2 p. m., one brigade of Williams' division having reached the field about noon. This brigade (Gordon's) remained on the north side of the run, all the rest of the troops crossing the stream and taking up a position on the plateau on the south side. On the right of the road was Crawford, forming the right of the line; next to him was Geary's, Prince's and Greene's brigades of Augur's division, in the order named. Bayard's cavalry was on the extreme right and the artillery was stationed at advantageous points on the plateau in front of the infantry. The total number of Union troops engaged, including the reinforcements from the 3d corps, which arrived on the field late in the action, has been variously stated, but was probably between 17,000 and 18,000. Jackson's army consisted of his own division, commanded now by General Winder, and the divisions of A. P. Hill and Ewell, numbering in the neighborhood of 25,000 men. In the formation of his line Campbell's brigade confronted Crawford, Taliaferro was in front of Geary, Early in front of Prince, and Hays and Trimble in front of and extending beyond the Union left under Greene. Hill's division, consisting of the brigades of Thomas, Archer, Stafford, Pender, Field and Branch, and the famous "Stonewall" Brigade, commanded by Colonel Ronald, were held in reserve. About noon an artillery duel was commenced and it continued without intermission until 3 p. m. The Confederate line advanced, but they moved very cautiously. Bayard was gradually forced back and about 4 o'clock ,a lively fire was begun on the skirmish lines. At 4:50 Banks wrote a message to Pope, saying: "One regiment of rebel infantry advancing now deployed as skirmishers. I have ordered a regiment on the right, Williams' division, to meet them, and one from the left; Augur to advance on the left and in front." Ten minutes later he added, "They are now approaching each other." This movement was somewhat unexpected by the Confederates and caught them at a temporary disadvantage. Geary and Prince moved forward rapidly, delivering an effective fire as they marched along. The front line of Early's and Taliaferro's brigades broke, and the Federals, sweeping round in the wide gap between those commands and the enemy's right, reached the rear line, which also retired in confusion. A few minutes later Crawford struck Page 240 Campbell and Taliaferro's left, and for the time it looked as though victory for . the Union arms was certain. But just at this juncture Ronald's brigade reached the field. His men, fresh and hungry for the fray, fell upon the exhausted troops of Crawford, but were at first met with such a withering fire that they were forced back. Hill's division also entered the contest, the broken lines of Campbell's and Taliaferro's brigades were reformed, and a steady advance forced the Federals back across the run. Meantime • Ricketts' division of McDowell's corps had arrived and formed on Crawford's right. The appearance of reinforcements checked the Confederate advance. Jackson undertook to drive them from their position by artillery, but the Union batteries replied with such vigor that he gave it up. The 2nd and 5th Maine batteries especially did effective work, continuing their fire until a late hour. Both armies rested on their arms during the night, but at daylight the Confederates fell back about 2 miles and took a position higher up the mountain. The Federal pickets advanced and occupied the ground, but the battle was not renewed. The Union loss in this engagement was 314 killed, 1,445 wounded and 622 missing. The Confederates lost 241 killed, 1,120 wounded and 4 missing. (Also called Cedar Run and Slaughter's Mountain.)


Cedar Point, North Carolina, December 1, 1863.


Cedar Run, Virginia, August 9, 1862. (See Cedar Mountain.) Cedar Run Church, Virginia, October 17, 1864. Picket of Custer's Cavalry. General Rosser (Confederate) left the camp at Fisher's hill on the evening of the 16th with three brigades of cavalry and one brigade of mounted infantry, and by a night march of over 30 miles gained the rear of the Federal cavalry. Just before daylight he surprised one of the pickets and captured Major Marcy and 35 men belonging to the 1st Conn, cavalry. It was no doubt his intention to attack the camp, but after capturing the picket he became alarmed and fell back rapidly.


Cedars, Tennessee, December 7, 1864. U. S. Troops under General Milroy. Owing to the dense growth of cedars about Murfreesboro, where General Milroy's command was operating in the early part of December, this name is sometimes given to the engagement which occurred near that town on the 7th. (See Murfreesboro.)


Cedarville, Virginia, June 12, 1863. (See Winchester, June 13-15.)


Cedarville, Virginia, August 16, 1864. 1st Cavalry Division, Army of West Virginia. The division, commanded by Brigadier-General Wesley Merritt, and consisting of the 1st, 2nd and reserve brigades, moved on the morning of the 15th to the Front Royal and Winchester pike. The reserve brigade was posted at Stony Point, some 3 miles north of Cedarville, the 1st brigade on the left of the pike at Cedarville, with the 2nd on the opposite side of the road. About 2 p. m. on the 16th the pickets of the 2nd brigade were driven in and almost immediately a strong skirmish line of the enemy appeared advancing toward the camp. The attack was made by Lomax's and Wickham's brigades of cavalry and Kershaw's division of infantry, with 3 pieces of artillery. Merritt ordered the 2nd brigade, commanded by Colonel Devin, to the front and posted the 1st, under Colonel Kidd, in front of the camp to be ready for any emergency. Soon a brigade of infantry was seen trying to gain the left flank. One regiment was dismounted and thrown forward to a hill overlooking the river. The Confederates waded the river and advanced boldly until they were within short carbine range, when they were met by a murderous fire and fell into confusion. A charge was immediately ordered and the would-be flanking party scattered in all directions. In the charge 2 stands of colors and 290 prisoners were taken. Merritt reported his loss as 60 in killed and wounded and estimated that of the enemy as being nearly 600, including the 290 prisoners already mentioned. (This action is sometimes referred to as Front Royal and Guard Hill.)


Cedarville, Virginia, September 20, 1864. 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of the Shenandoah. The battle of Winchester was fought on the 19th. The next day the 2nd cavalry division, commanded by General Averell, pursued the retreating Confederates across Cedar creek and for 4 miles beyond, driving in their pickets and forming a junction with Torbert's cavalry near Cedarville on the Strasburg pike. The movement was attended by more or less skirmishing, but no casualties were reported.


Celeste, U. S. Steamer, September 4, 1864. (See Gregory's Landing, Arkansas)


Celina, Kentucky, April 20, 1863. 5th Indiana Cavalry. The regiment, commanded by Colonel F. W. Graham, was sent to Celina to break up the Confederate camp there and destroy certain stores. He attacked the camp at 4 p. m., routed Hamilton's men with a loss of 7 killed, and took possession of the town. Graham then destroyed about 100,000 pounds of bacon, 10,000 bushels of wheat, the same quantity of corn, 100 barrels of flour, 100 barrels of whisky, considerable quantities of sugar, coffee, tea, etc., and about 40 boats used in transporting supplies from points on the Cumberland river. Graham's loss was 1 wounded and 1 missing.


Celina, Tennessee, December 7, 1863. Detachment of the 13th Kentucky Cavalry.


Celina, Tennessee, March 19-22, 1865.


Centerville, Alabama, April 1-2, 1865, 2nd Brigade, 1st Division Cavalry Corps, Division of the Mississippi. On the 1st the brigade, commanded by Colonel O. H. LaGrange, was ordered to march from Randolph to Scottsville, via Centerville, for the purpose of forming a junction with the 1st brigade, which had been ordered to Tuscaloosa two days before. A battalion of the 1st Wisconsin cavalry, under Major Shipman, was in the advance. At Centerville this battalion encountered a force of about 150 Confederates. They were driven out, 15 being captured, and Shipinan was left with his battalion to guard the bridge, while the rest of the brigade moved on to Scottsville. From prisoners taken between Scottsville and Trion it was learned that the 1st brigade, after a sharp skirmish with the enemy, had fallen back to Elyton and that a considerable force of Confederates was in the vicinity of Trion. General McCook, who accompanied the 2nd brigade, ordered that command back via Centerville to join the main column. On the morning of the 2nd the enemy was encountered near Centerville. A demonstration made by the 2nd and 4th Indiana cavalry developed a force estimated at 3,000, while the entire strength of the brigade did not exceed 1,200 men. In the demonstration the 2nd Indiana became actively engaged and from a strong position inflicted severe punishment on the Confederates. The regiment lost 1 man killed and 8 wounded, 6 of whom fell into the hands of the enemy. Centerville, West Virginia, September 14, 1864. Detachment of the 1st West Virginia Cavalry. Captain Hagans, with 16 men, pursued and overtook a party of 30 bushwhackers who had been stealing horses in the vicinity. Near Centerville he attacked them, killed 4, wounded several and put the rest to flight. Hagan reported his loss as 1 man wounded and 2 horses killed.


Centerville, Louisiana, April 12-14, 1863. (See Irish Bend.)


Centerville, Louisiana, May 25, 1863.


Centerville, Missouri, December 23, 1863. (See Pulliam's, December 25.)


Centerville, Missouri, November 12, 1864. Company K, 5th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. The company, commanded by Lieutenant Storz, engaged in a skirmish with a gang of bushwhackers 12 miles north of the town, killing 3, wounding 3, and capturing 11 horses and 2 rifles. Storz had 1 man killed and 1 slightly wounded.


Centerville, Tennessee, October 29, 1863. Detachment, 5th Tennessee Cavalry. Page 242 General R. S. Granger sent Lieutenant-Gol . Shelly, with a detachment of his regiment, in pursuit of Hawkins and other guerrilla chiefs that were infesting the country around Centerville. Shelly came up with Hawkins at Piney Factory and skirmished with him for a little while, when he fled toward Centerville There he made a stand, but was routed and pursued until his gang was entirely dispersed. Hawkins lost 15 or 20 killed and 66 captured. The Union loss was 1 man severely and several slightly wounded.


Centerville, Tennessee, September 29, 1864. 2nd Tennessee Mounted Infantry.


Centerville, Virginia, August 28, 1862. Centerville, Virginia, October 14, 1863.


Centerville, Virginia, June. 23-24, 1864. (See Falls Church.) Centralia, Missouri, September 27-28, 1864. Detachment 39th Missouri Volunteers. On the 27th a party of guerrillas, headed by the notorious W. T. Anderson, after terrorizing the citizens of the town held up a train on the North Missouri railroad, robbed the passengers, took 21 soldiers from the train and shot them, then set fire to the coaches and started the train toward Allen. Several detachments from different points were started in pursuit. Anderson left pickets to watch the town and fell back some 2 miles to the timber. The next day Major Johnston, with about 150 men of the 39th, went to Anderson's camp. When within sight his men dismounted, each man holding his own horse. The guerrillas approached and when about 150 yards distant Johnston ordered his men to fire. The volley checked the bushwhackers for a moment, but they rallied and came on. When they were within about 100 yards Johnston's men became panic-stricken and broke. The scene that followed beggars description. The retreating soldiers were shot down as they fled, the bodies afterward being robbed and mutilated. Seventeen were found scalped.


Centre, Alabama, May 2, 1863. (See Streight's Raid.) Centre Creek, Missouri, May 14, 1862. Detachment, 7th and 8th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Major Edward B. Eno, with about 200 men, left Newtonia on the 13th for a scout in the direction of Centre creek, in quest of Livingston's guerrillas. After proceeding a few miles Captain Ballew, with 50 men, was sent toward Shoal creek, with instructions to follow down that stream for 15 miles, then cross over to Turkey creek and encamp that night at the old mines. The next morning the detachment was again divided. Captain Cassairt, with 40 men, was sent down the south side of Centre creek, Captain Henslee, with 35 men, took the north side, each being directed to scour the country some distance from the stream, while Eno was to keep close to it with the remainder of the force. About 3 p. m. the pickets on each side of the stream were driven in and soon afterward Livingston was found strongly posted behind an old log shop in the dense timber near the Centre creek lead mines. The guerrillas were dressed in Federal uniforms, which caused Cassairt's men to mistake them for one of the other parties of Union troops and they were right among the enemy before the mistake was discovered. Captain Henslee's horse became unmanageable and he was carried through the Confederate lines. This left his men without a commander and some confusion resulted, during which the men fell back. Cassairt rallied them and returned to the attack, with the result that Livingston was forced to retreat carrying his dead and wounded with him. Eno did not arrive on the scene until the conflict was over. The Union loss was 4 killed and 2 wounded. The enemy's loss was not definitely ascertained. Parties present at the burial of the dead reported the number killed as being 15 and a number were wounded. Cassairt was sent to Newtonia the next morning with the dead and wounded and Eno followed up the pursuit toward Spring river, finally dispersing the gang.


Centre Creek, Missouri, May 15, 1863. Detachment of Missouri Militia. A report of T. R. Livingston, a major in the Confederate army, states that a scouting party under his command encountered a party of 125 Newtonia militia while passing through the timber near Centre creek. In the skirmish the Confederates were victorious, scattering the Federals after killing 13, wounding 8 (4 of them mortally) and capturing 4. The Confederates had 2 men wounded. (See the preceding article, which gives an idea of what the Federal report of this affair would state.)


Centre Creek, Missouri, February 20, 1865.


Centre Star, Alabama, May 15, 1864. 7th Illinois and 9th Ohio Cavalry. The two regiments, commanded by Colonel Richard Rowett of the former, were sent by General Gresham from Athens to Florence on a reconnaissance. At Centre Star they encountered a considerable force of the enemy, under Colonel W. A. Johnson, and drove them across the Tennessee river, capturing 35 prisoners. Johnson had crossed the river to strike the railroad, but hearing of Gresham's approach abandoned the attempt.


Chacahoula, Louisiana, May 3, 1865. 12 men from 3d Rhode Island Cavalry.


Chacahoula Station, Louisiana, June 24, 1863. Detachment of the 9th Connecticut Infantry. Lieutenant-Colonel Fitz Gibbons, with five companies of the regiment, left La Fourche crossing at 8 a. m. to guard a train while repairing the New Orleans, Opelousa & Great Western railroad. About a mile from Chacahoula Station he found a bridge on fire. Captain Wright was sent with Company G, to skirmish toward the station, supported by the greater part of the detachment, while the rest extinguished the flames and repaired the bridge. As the skirmishers approached the station they were fired on by a considerable force of the enemy. The fire was promptly returned, when the Confederates took shelter behind some small buildings and fences, with an open field in front, and as Fitz Gibbons was ordered to confine his operations to the line of railroad, he withdrew his forces after a desultory engagement of about an hour. The Union loss was 3 men wounded; that of the enemy was not learned.


Chaffin's Bluff, Virginia, July 28, 1864. (See Deep Bottom, same date.)


Chaffin's Farm, Virginia, September 29-30, 1864. (See Fort Harrison.)


Chalk Bluff, Arkansas, May 15, 1862. Detachment of the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry. Colonel Daniels, learning that a force of Confederates under Colonel Jeffers was at Chalk Bluff, impressing men and collecting supplies, marched from Bloomfield with 300 men for the purpose of dispersing them. He arrived at his destination about daylight, seized the ferry, dismounted his men and crossed under a heavy fire from the enemy, attacked, routed and pursued him for about 6 miles, killing 11 and wounding 17. All the wounded were captured. Daniels lost 1 man killed and 8 wounded, 1 mortally.


Chalk Bluff, Arkansas, March 10, 1863. 2nd Missouri State Militia Cavalry. This affair was an incident of an expedition from Bloomfield, Missouri The advance arrived too late to secure the ferryboat and was exchanging shots with the enemy across the river when the main column arrived. The Confederates could not be dislodged from their position on the opposite bank until the howitzers were brought to bear. The casualties in the Union force were 2 men wounded.


Chalk Bluff, Arkansas, April 1, 1863. One company of the 2nd Missouri Militia Cavalry.


Chalk Bluff, Arkansas, May 1, 1863. Army of the Frontier; Pursuit of Marmaduke. Marmaduke left Bloomfield, Missouri, on April 30, and a few hours later was pursued by the Union forces under McNeil and Vandever. For 20 miles on May 1, his rear-guard skirmished with McNeil's advance, being driven from one position after another. In his report of the expedition Marmaduke says: "When I commenced my retreat, I Page 244 ordered details of the unarmed and non-effective to proceed rapidly to Chalk Bluff, under charge of my division quartermaster, to construct rafts for crossing. * * * My division reached Chalk Bluff the evening of May 1. I dismounted the greater part of my command, selected a strong position about 4 miles from the crossing, where I formed line of battle to resist the advance of the enemy till my wagons, horses and artillery had crossed. A little before day I quietly withdrew the men, and by sun-up my whole command was across." In a letter to General Herron, under date of May 4, Vandever says he followed Marmaduke to the St. Francis river "and drove him across, with heavy loss of men, though he contrived to save his guns." The crossing of the St. Francis was the end of the pursuit.


Chalk Bluff, Arkansas, May 11, 1865. There was no fighting at Chalk Bluff on this date, the incident being merely the surrender of the Confederate forces under General M. Jeff Thompson to General Dodge. Chamberlain's Creek, Virginia, March 31, 1865. While Sheridan's cavalry and the 5th corps were concentrating against the Confederate force at Five Forks some sharp skirmishing occurred at the crossings of Chamberlain's creek. (See Five Forks.)


Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania (Burning of). July 30, 1864. Lieutenant H. T. McLean, with a small force of infantry and cavalry, and 1 piece of artillery, was stationed about 2 miles from the town on the morning of the 30th, to "keep up the appearance of defending it," until Averell's force of some 2,000 men, which was encamped a few miles away, could come to the defense of the place if it should be threatened by the enemy in any considerable force. About 5 a. m. McLean was compelled to fall back before the brigades of McCausland and Johnson, numbering about 2,600 men. A detachment of some 400 mounted and dismounted men, commanded by Major Gilmor and accompanied by both Johnson and McCausland, entered the town at 5 :30, the main body halting at the fair grounds, about a mile and a half out on the Pittsburg pike. At the Franklin Hotel was W. S. Kochersperger, a clerk at the headquarters of the Department of the Susquehanna. At the time he was dressed in citizens' clothes, and was taken by the two Confederate generals for one of the residents of the town. McCausland handed him the order for the destruction of the town, the general purport of which was that, in retaliation for the depredations committed by Maj .-General Hunter, during his recent raid, "it is ordered that the citizens of Chambersburg pay to the Confederate States by General McCausland the sum of $100,000 in gold, or in lieu thereof $500,000 in greenbacks or national currency," otherwise the town would be laid in ashes within three hours. This order was signed by General Early. The citizens refused to pay the ransom and Gilmor's men were ordered to apply the torch. Houses, stores, etc.. were broken into and plundered. Johnson tried to persuade McCausland not to carry out the order, but his efforts in that direction were futile. The court-house was one of the first buildings fired, then followed the town hall and commissary store-house (empty at the time), after which private buildings received the attention of the incendiaries. In a little while the town was in flames. In looting the hotel Kochersperger's uniform was found in his trunk and he was arrested as a prisoner of war. He was confined in a tin store adjoining until the flames attacked the next building, when he managed to make his escape. The Confederates retreated in the direction of McConnellsville closely followed by Averell. Chambers' Creek, Tennessee, January 13, 1863. Champion's Hill, Mississippi, May 16, 1863. Parts of the 13th, 15th and 17th Army Corps. On the 13th General Johnston reached Jackson. His idea was that the Confederate forces east of Vicksburg should be united Page 245 and a battle fought which would decide the fate of that city. To this end he sent a despatch to General Pemberton, then at Bovina, directing him to attack the Federals at Clinton (about 10 miles west of Jackson), and promised to cooperate in the movement. Pemberton's idea was that he should remain near Vicksburg, in order to defend the place and at the same time be near his base. He therefore called a council of war and laid Johnston's suggestion—it could hardly be called an order—before his officers. A majority expressed themselves in favor of it and Pemberton sent a reply to Johnston, closing with these words: "In directing this move, I do not think you fully comprehend the position that Vicksburg will be left in, but I comply at once with your order." Subsequently he sent another despatch, announcing his intention to move on the morning of the 15th, via Dillon, on the Raymond and Port Gibson road, in an effort to cut off the Federal communications, and added: "I do not consider my force sufficient to justify an attack on the enemy in position or to attempt to cut my way to Jackson." Although an order was promulgated on the evening of the 14th for the troops to be ready to move early the next morning, it was 1 p. m. before the advance guard left Edwards' station, near the point where the Vicksburg & Jackson railroad crosses the Big Black river. This delay of more than 24 hours prevented the successful culmination of Johnston's plans, for on the 14th he was compelled to evacuate Jackson and fall back on the Canton road. Having driven Johnston from Jackson, Grant disposed his forces so as to prevent his forming a junction with Pemberton, and at the same time made preparations to attack the latter. From the Bolton and Raymond road three roads led to Edwards' station. On the 15th the troops were moved westward to occupy these roads. At 6 a. m. on the 16th Hovey's division of McClernand's corps (the 13th) was at the crossroads just south of Bolton, with Logan's and Crocker's divisions of McPherson's corps (the 17th) a short distance in the rear. These three divisions were to move on the north road to Champion's hill. On the middle road were Osterhaus' and Carr's divisions of the 13th corps, and on the south road was A. J. Smith's division of the same, supported by Blair's division of the 15th. Thus arranged the whole army moved forward, ready to assume either the offensive or defensive as circumstances might require. Pemberton's forces encamped on the night of the 15th on a crossroad south of Champion's hill. About 6:30 a. m. on the 16th a courier arrived with a despatch from Johnston, in which he said: "Our being compelled to leave Jackson makes your plan impracticable. The only mode by which we can unite is by your moving directly to Clinton, and informing me that we may move to that point with about six thousand." Having wasted over a day in trying to get to the Federal rear to cut off communications, Pemberton now decided to follow Johnston's suggestions. Accordingly orders were issued for the trains to clear the road so that the troops could countermarch to Edwards' station, from which place they were to move over the Brownsville road to join Johnston. But it was too late. Before the movement could be executed Smith's advance was driving Loring's pickets on the Raymond road. Pemberton selected a strong position on the hills along the right bank of Baker's creek with Loring's division forming his right, Bowen's the center and Stevenson's on the left. His line was hardly formed before Hovey's skirmishers had engaged those of Stevenson near the foot of the hill on Champion's plantation, from which the battle takes its name. About 10 o'clock Grant joined Hovey, who was then forming his men for an assault on Stevenson's position, but the commanding general directed him to wait until word was received that McClernand was ready. Page 246 McClernand had been delayed in driving in the enemy pickets and artillery. At 9:45 a. m. he sent a messenger to Grant to inquire whether he should bring on an engagement. That despatch was not received until noon. Grant promptly sent back orders for him to attack in force, and later sent word to "push forward with all rapidity." The attack was not made until 2 p. m., and was not then as vigorous as it might have been. Meantime McPherson's men had reached the field and Hovey's two brigades were deployed on the left of the road, Logan's division being formed on the right . At 10:30 Hovey's skirmishers advanced steadily up the slope, followed by McGinnis and Slack with the two brigades, and in a little while the engagement became general. Stevenson was forced back for over 600 yards, losing 11 pieces of artillery and about 300 prisoners. The Confederates were rallied under cover of the woods and in turn advanced, forcing the Federals back down the hill. Boomer's brigade of Quinby's (Crocker's) division and two regiments, the 10th Missouri and 17th la., were now sent to Hovey's assistance, but the whole line, reinforcements and all, was forced back to a point near the brow of the hill. Up to this time the irregularity of the Union lines prevented the use of artillery in enfilading the enemy's, but when the retreat was checked Hovey ordered the 1st Missouri and part of the 16th Ohio batteries in position on his right; two sections of the latter and the 6th Wisconsin battery on the left, and for a little while poured an incessant shower of shot and shell into the enemy, not only checking his advance, but also turning it into a retreat. With a cheer the Union forces advanced and this time held the position that had been so hotly contested three times within as many hours. While these events were transpiring on the hill Smith's and Leggett's brigades of Logan's division had advanced against the northern slope of the hill on the right of Hovey. As they advanced the 3d brigade, under General Stevenson, was thrown still further to the right, made a quick march across a ravine, cut off Barton's and Lee's brigades from the main body of the Confederate left and captured 7 pieces of artillery. This action turned the tide of battle. Barton's brigade was driven across Baker's creek, while Lee's and Cumming's fell back in disorder toward the Raymond road. In the heat of the engagement on the hill Pemberton ordered Loring to send reinforcements to Bowen and Stevenson. Buford's brigade was first moved to the left, closely followed by that of Featherston, but neither reached the scene in time to prevent the disaster. Loring was then ordered to form his men between the Clinton and Raymond roads to cover the retreat. The two brigades were recalled to join Tilghman's, which was resisting the attacks of Osterhaus and Smith, in which Tilghman was killed. The whole division was cut off from the main body and compelled to make a long, circuitous detour to the south, and the next day reported to Johnston his arrival at Crystal Springs, "without baggage, wagons or cooking utensils." The next day part of Pemberton's command made a feeble stand at Big Black river (q. v.), after which the remnants of his shattered army retired to Vicksburg and the siege commenced. In this engagement at Champion's the Union losses were 410 killed, 1,844 wounded and 187 missing. The Confederates lost 380 killed, 1,018 wounded and 2,441 missing. In his report Pemberton says he had 17,500 men engaged at Champion's hill, though subsequent estimates place the strength of his army at nearly 24,000. The Union forces numbered about 32,000, though all were not actively engaged, the brunt of the battle being borne by Hovey and Logan. This engagement was the turning point of the Vicksburg campaign, and had Pemberton promptly obeyed Johnston's order of the 13th, thus effecting a union of the two armies, the history of that campaign might have been differently written.


Champion's Hill, Mississippi, February 4, 1864. Part of the 17th Army Corps. This action was an incident of the Meridian expedition, which left Vicksburg on the 1st. The corps, commanded by Major-General James B. McPherson, moved out across Big Black river and on the night of the 3d bivouacked at Edwards' station. At an early hour the next morning the whole command moved forward with the 2nd brigade of Crocker's division, under the command of Colonel Cyrus Hall, in the advance. Near Champion's hill two brigades of Confederate cavalry (Wirt Adams' and Ferguson's), with 2 pieces of artillery, were found drawn up to dispute the progress of the Federals. Hall deployed the 15th Illinois as skirmishers and formed the other two regiments of the brigade, the 14th and 76th Illinois, on the right and left of the Clinton road, in easy supporting distance. In this order the brigade moved forward to Baker's creek, where the enemy opened with his artillery with great accuracy. The 15th Wisconsin, of Gresham's brigade, was now sent forward to the support of Hall and in a short time the skirmishing became general. Winslow's cavalry, the 5th and 11th Illinois, 4th la. and 10th Missouri, was ordered to move on the flanks of the enemy's position and this movement, in connection with the steady advance in front, forced him to abandon his position and fall back toward Bolton depot . There was more or less skirmishing all day, the Union loss being about 30 in killed and wounded. At Champion's hill the Confederates left 4 dead on the field and a major mortally wounded. Others were seen to fall during the fight.


Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 1-4, 1863. Army of the Potomac. General Hooker superseded General Burnside in command of the Army of the Potomac on January 26, 1863. As nothing in the way of active operations would be undertaken in the dead of winter, more than two months were spent in getting the army in good condition. During that time it remained in its winter quarters on the left bank of the Rappahannock river opposite Fredericksburg. It consisted of the 1st, 2nd, 3d, 5th, 6th, 11th and 12th army corps, respectively commanded by Major-Generals John F. Reynolds, Darius N. Couch, Daniel E. Sickles, George G. Meade, John Sedgwick, Oliver O. Howard and Henry W. Slocum, and the cavalry corps, commanded by Brigadier-General George Stoneman. In round numbers Hooker had 111,000 infantry, 11,000 cavalry, and 8,000 artillery, with 404 guns. Opposed to this force was Lee's army, the Army of Northern Virginia, made up of the 1st and 2nd army corps. The former was commanded by General James Longstreet and the latter by General Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson. Longstreet, with two divisions and two battalions of artillery, was absent in southeastern Virginia, so the troops with Lee numbered about 57,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry, and probably 170 pieces of artillery. This force lay at Fredericksburg, on the south side of the Rappahannock, where all winter Lee had been watching the movements of the Federals. Early in April Hooker advised his officers of his plan of campaign. Stoneman, with the main body of the cavalry, was to move up the Rappahannock, cross at the upper fords and cut Lee's communication with his base of supplies at Richmond. After crossing the river the cavalry was to divide into two columns; one, under General Averell, was to attack Gordonsville and Culpeper, and the other, commanded by General Buford, was to reach the Fredericksburg railroad via Louisa Court House. The two divisions were then to unite south of the Pamunkey river to harass Lee's retreat from Fredericksburg, which all felt was sure to come. Stoneman started on his mission on April 13, but heavy rains had made the river unfordable and he was compelled to wait until the 28th before he could effect a crossing. This delay interfered somewhat with the original plans, but on the evening of the 26th Hooker issued orders for the corps of Meade, Howard and Slocum to move the next morning in Page 248 light marching order for Kelly's ford, 27 miles above Fredericksburg, where they were to cross, then press rapidly forward, cross the Rapidan, sweep down the southern bank and strike the Confederate army on the left flank. Couch, with two of his divisions, was to proceed to the United States ford and be in readiness to cross as soon as the Confederate force there should be driven away by the Federal advance. Gibbon's division of this corps was left in camp at Falmouth, where it was in plain view of the Confederates, and to move it might give Lee some idea of Hooker's intentions. To further confuse the enemy demonstrations had been made for several days at various points along the river. To prevent Lee from sending a strong force against the four corps operating above Fredericksburg Sedgwick, with his own corps and those of Reynolds and Sickles, was to cross below the town and make a demonstration to draw the attention of the enemy in that direction. On Monday morning, April 27, the troops moved according to instructions, and reached Kelly's ford late in the afternoon next day. A detachment was sent across in boats to drive away the picket guard, and by daylight the next morning all were over and on the way to the Rapidan. Stoneman crossed his cavalry at the same time. Pleasonton's brigade of cavalry, with two batteries, was attached to Slocum's corps, and this was all of that arm that participated in the battles of Chancellorsville, the rest of Stoneman's command moving toward Culpeper. Meade crossed the Rapidan at Ely's ford and the other two corps at Germanna ford, 10 miles above. As soon as Meade's column appeared on the south side of the Rappahannock opposite the United States ford Couch threw the pontoons across and passed his two divisions over. On the afternoon of the 30th the four corps were concentrated at Chancellorsville. Sedgwick waited until the 28th, to give the other division of the army time to reach Kelly's ford, and then moved down the river with the 1st, 3d and 6th corps to a point near the old Franklin crossing, where they bivouacked for the night. Early the next morning the 1st and 6th corps were crossed over, leaving Sickles' corps on the north side as a reserve and to cover the advance with his artillery. A small force of the enemy in rifle pits disputed the passage of the river, but a detachment sent over in boats soon drove them from their position. The Confederates then contented themselves with shelling the advancing troops from the batteries on the heights. When it became evident that no serious attack was to be made on Sedgwick, Sickles' corps was ordered to join the forces at Chancellorsville and moved on the 30th. Sedgwick then disposed his forces in such a way as to lead Lee to think a large body of troops was below the town, and that an attack was likely to come from that quarter. Had the feint succeeded the story of Chancellorsville might have been differently told. In his report Lee says: "No demonstration was made opposite any other part of our lines at Fredericksburg, and the strength of the force that had crossed and its apparent indisposition to attack indicated that the principal effort of the enemy would be made in some other quarter. This impression was confirmed by intelligence received from General Stuart that a large body of infantry and artillery was passing up the river. During the forenoon of the 29th, that officer reported that the enemy had crossed in force near Kelly's ford on the preceding evening. Later in the day he announced that a heavy column was moving from Kelly's toward Germanna ford, on the Rapidan, and another toward Ely's ford on that river. The routes they were pursuing after crossing the Rapidan converge near Chancellorsville, whence several roads lead to the rear of our position at Fredericksburg." This was the first intimation Lee had of Hooker's real purpose. Upon receipt of this information he sent a despatch to General Anderson, Page 249 as follows: "I have received reliable intelligence that the enemy have crossed the river in force. Why have you not kept me informed? I wish to see you at my headquarters at once." The bearer of that despatch was captured by some of the Union cavalry. The cavalry had also captured a picket, among whom was an engineer officer belonging to Stuart's staff, and who had in his possession a diary containing the record of a council, held by the Confederate generals some weeks before, in which it was decided that the next battle was likely to be fought in the vicinity of Chancellorsville, and that it would be well to seize and prepare a position there. This diary and Lee's despatch were turned over to Hooker by Pleasonton, who suggested that, as Lee was now advised of the movements of the Union forces and was expecting a fight at Chancellorsville, it might be good tactics to forestall him by moving on toward Fredericksburg and selecting a new position. Here was Hooker's golden opportunity, but he allowed it to pass. Lee remained in Fredericksburg until the 30th, still uncertain as to Sedgwick's motives, and fearing to move in either direction until he had a better understanding of the situation. Hooker on the 29th had over 45,000 men, and Sickles had orders to join him the next day with his corps, numbering 18,000 more. Failing to receive Lee's despatch ordering him to headquarters, Anderson retired to Tabernacle Church and commenced intrenching. This was the only force to prevent Hooker from pressing forward, seizing Banks' ford, thus shortening the distance between himself and Sedgwick by at least 10 miles, and forcing Lee to meet him at a disadvantage on ground where the superior numbers of the Federals meant certain victory. Late on the 30th Lee became fully convinced that Sedgwick did not intend to attack. Leaving Early's division and Barksdale's brigade to hold Fredericksburg, the remainder of the Confederate forces were concentrated in front of Hooker. A little after sunrise on May 1 McLaws' division joined Anderson, and three divisions of Jackson's corps arrived on the field about 8 o'clock. Three hours later Hooker began his advance in four columns, each preceded by a detachment of cavalry. Howard and Slocum moved on the plank road to the right; Sykes' division of Meade's corps and Hancock's division of Couch's took the turnpike; the other two divisions of Meade's corps (Humphreys' and Griffin's) took the river road toward Banks' ford; French's division was to march south to Todd's tavern, while Sickles' corps was held at Chancellorsville and Dowdall's tavern as a reserve and to guard the ford against Fitz Hugh Lee's cavalry.  Hooker's object was to form a line of battle with his left resting on Banks' ford and his right on Tabernacle Church, which was to be his headquarters. But the ground, which might have been occupied the day before almost without a struggle, was now in possession of the enemy. When Jackson reached Tabernacle Church, he stopped the work of intrenching and moved forward to meet Hooker. Sykes, therefore, had not proceeded more than a mile before he encountered McLaws' division deployed on both sides of the pike. McLaws fell back steadily for a mile, when he was reinforced by Anderson and Ramseur, and the Confederates now assumed the offensive. Sykes tried to connect his line with Slocum by throwing out a regiment as skirmishers, but the movement failed. Anderson succeeded in getting on his flank, and he was compelled to fall back behind Hancock, whose command then came to the front and engaged the enemy. Sykes then secured a strong position, which he was preparing to hold, when the orders came for all to fall back to the positions they held early in the morning. Couch and Hancock protested against anything like a retreat. The general position was a good one. The infantry was almost clear of the woods and thickets, and there was plenty Page 250 of open space in which the artillery could be used effectively. General Warren, chief engineer on Hooker's staff, urged Couch and Hancock to hold their positions until he could consult Hooker, but the latter would not rescind the order to retire. Subsequently he countermanded the order and directed the troops to return to their positions, but it was too late, as the enemy was already in possession of the ridge. Meantime Meade's column had come within sight of Banks' ford without seeing anything of the enemy when the order was received to fall back to Chancellorsville. Both divisions started to return, but Griffin was ordered to form on Hancock's left, where about 6 p. m. he aided in repulsing the enemy in an advance on Sykes' position, after which they went into bivouac for the night. Humphreys was sent to the extreme left of the line to guard the approaches to the United States ford. French, who had moved in the morning via Todd's tavern, came within sight of the Confederates, but was ordered to fall back before he could engage them. During the afternoon a new line was formed with Meade on the left toward Fredericksburg facing east; Slocum in the center facing south, Howard on the right facing west, with Couch and Sickles in reserve, except one brigade from each division, which occupied positions in the front line. The left and center were protected in front by ravines, through which ran small brooks, but on the right there was nothing but the thickets to hinder a near approach of the enemy in an attack on Howard. As thus formed the line covered all the roads passing through Chancellorsville. Late in the day an assault was made by Wright and Stuart on the advance portion of Slocum's corps and it was driven back on the main body. Artillery was then brought up and a heavy fire directed against Slocum, but he held his position. An artillery fire was also opened on Hancock's line, when Knap's battery replied with such effectiveness that the Confederates gave up the attempt to drive the Union troops back by this method. Owing to the thickets, which screened the Federal army, Lee was at a loss where to direct his attacks, and the waning hours of the day were spent in a number of pretended assaults at various points to ascertain, if possible, just how Hooker's forces were posted. These demonstrations developed the fact that the lines in front of Chancellorsville were impregnable. Lee and Jackson held a consultation about dark to determine the course they should pursue on the following day. Stuart had learned the weakness of the Union right and had communicated his knowledge to Jackson, who now advised a flank movement against that part of the line. During the night the roads were picketed by the Federal cavalry, while within the lines of both armies could be heard the sound of the ax as the contending forces engaged in strengthening their fronts by log breastworks, etc. In some places along the Union line this work was continued far into the next day. Long before daylight on the morning of the 3d Jackson was up and studying a rough map of the country to find a route to the right and rear of the Union army. An old resident was found, who pointed out a way, and at sunrise Jackson, with his three divisions, was on the march. For some distance the movement was hidden by the dense forest, and then a point was reached where the by-road ran over a hill in plain view of Sickles' position. It was readily seen that it was a movement in force, but as the road here ran due south and directly away from the Federals, it was thought the Confederate retreat was begun. General Birney reported the matter to Sickles and at the same time directed a section of Clark's rifled battery to fire a few shots at the moving column. The range was easily found and Birney ordered the rest of the battery to the same position. The artillery fire was so effective that the column was Page 251 apparently thrown into confusion, hurrying forward to get out of range of the guns. This fact added to the belief that the enemy was in full retreat. This was about 8 a. m. Hooker was at once notified of the affair and was inclined to believe that the Confederates were retiring. Realizing, however, that it might be one of the flank movements for which Jackson was noted, he issued orders to Slocum and Howard to strengthen their lines as much as possible and advance their pickets "to obtain timely information of their approach." At noon Sickles received orders to follow Jackson and harass his movements. Birney's division, with two battalions of Berdan's sharpshooters and Randolph's battery, were hurried forward, supported by Whipple's division. Birney's advance was checked by a 12-pounder battery at the iron foundry near Welford's house, but Livingston's battery was brought up and soon silenced the enemy's guns. Pleasonton's cavalry was also brought up as a reinforcement, but the woods being too thick to permit its use to advantage. Sickles advised Pleasonton to return to the open space near Scott's run. Sickles wanted to cut off the divisions of Anderson and McLaws and capture them, and sent for reinforcements for that purpose. He was promised the rest of his own corps, as well as support from Slocum and Howard, and was preparing to attack, when Hooker changed his mind and recalled the reinforcements. About 300 prisoners were taken, however, and from these it was learned that Jackson's purpose was to strike a blow on the right. But the information came too late to be of service. All day Lee had been keeping up a demonstration against the Union left and center; now directing a heavy cannonade against Meade; now a musketry fire against Couch and Slocum; followed by an attack on Hancock, who occupied a position in advance of the main line. These movements were intended to create the impression that the principal assault was to be made in that quarter, and to draw attention from Jackson. By 3 p. m. Jackson had reached the plank road, within 2 miles of Howard's corps. Howard had neglected to observe Hooker's order of the morning to advance his pickets in order to guard against a surprise. Even when informed by Captain Farmer, of Pleasonton's staff, that a Confederate battery was posted directly on his flank he did not believe that any attack was intended against his corps. The Confederate pickets, therefore, crept through the thickets unmolested and accurately reported Howard's position. Jackson formed his forces in three lines, Rodes in front, then Colston, then A. P. Hill, his formation reaching some distance on either side of the road and completely enveloping the front, flank and rear of the 11th corps. Anderson and McLaws had orders, as soon as the sound of Jackson's guns was heard, to make a feint of attacking the Union left to prevent aid being sent to Howard, and at the same time to press gradually to their left until they connected with Jackson's right, when the whole force was to close on the Federal center. It was 5 p. m. when Jackson formed his lines for the final attack. Howard's men had stacked their arms and were preparing their suppers. Some were playing cards, and all were unprepared for the assault that was soon to arouse them from their fancied security. Intrenchments had been thrown up but they were not manned. Not even the shot of a solitary picket alarmed the corps. With a yell and a volley of musketry the Confederates dashed out of the woods upon the defenseless Federals, who fled in confusion without firing a shot. A few made an attempt to withstand the advance, but they were swept from their position and joined their comrades now streaming through the woods toward Chancellorsville. The wild rush of the fugitives aroused Hooker to action. His staff vainly tried to rally the panic-stricken troops, making it necessary to form a new line immediately to prevent Page 252 Jackson from sweeping everything before him. But it was not an easy matter to find men for the formation of this new line, for as soon as Lee heard the sound of Jackson's attack he immediately engaged the whole line to prevent any aid being sent to Howard. Berry's division happened to be in reserve at a convenient distance. He was ordered to move at once, form across the plank road' and drive the Confederates back, or at least hold them in check until reinforcements could be sent to him. But the check to Jackson's impetuous onslaught came from a different and somewhat unexpected quarter. When Pleasonton left Sickles at the iron foundry he proceeded leisurely back to Hazel grove with the 8th and 17th Pennsylvania cavalry and Martin's battery of horse artillery. Upon reaching the open space he had left a short time before he found it filled with a confused mass of men, guns, caissons and ambulances, all bent on getting out of the way as soon as possible. Charging upon this disorderly aggregation he cleared the space for action. To gain time, for the enemy was already forming for another attack, he ordered Major Keenan of the 8th Pennsylvania to charge the Confederate lines. This was bravely done, though Keenan and 32 of his men never returned. Pleasonton next ordered Martin to bring his guns into battery, load them with double charges of canister, and aim so that the shot would strike the ground some distance in advance of the approaching enemy, but not to fire until orders were given. Just at this juncture Lieutenant Crosby, of the 4th U. S. artillery, reported to Pleasonton that he had a battery of 6 guns at hand. This was placed by the side of Martin's battery, giving Pleasonton 12 guns, and to get more a detachment of the 17th Pennsylvania charged on the stragglers and took possession of 10 pieces, which were brought quickly into line. It was now dusk. Keenan's charge, although disastrous to himself, had gained for Pleasonton a valuable quarter of an hour. The Confederate line emerged from the woods bearing a Union flag which had been dropped by some of the flying troops. They called out not to shoot as they were friends, but a moment later discharged a volley directly at the men behind the guns. Pleasonton then gave the order to fire. The whole line of guns, double-shotted and aimed low, belched forth a murderous discharge of iron hail that swept the advancing Confederates off their feet . Before the line could be reformed the guns were again loaded and again that shower of death-dealing missiles was sent hurtling through the ranks of the enemy. The cannonade continued for fully 20 minutes, when the Confederates gave up the attempt to storm the battery and retired to the woods. When Berry received the order to move out and recapture the works of the routed 11th corps he promptly obeyed, but found a large force of the enemy in possession. He then formed his line in the valley in front and held his position there to await developments. Warren had stopped several of the retreating batteries and now formed them across the plank road in the rear of the infantry. When Pleasonton opened fire on the enemy Warren's guns were also brought into action and rendered effective service, while Berry steadily advanced his line, meanwhile keeping up an incessant fire of musketry up the road and into the woods. About 8:30 the firing began to decrease and half an hour later ceased altogether. Jackson ordered A. P. Hill's division to the front for the purpose of continuing the fight, and with his staff rode forward to examine the position. He had not proceeded far when a fire from Berry's pickets warned him that the Federals were on the alert. As he rode back to his lines Hill's men were just taking position. Mistaking Jackson and his staff for Union cavalry some of them fired. Half of his escort were killed or wounded. He was struck by three balls, being wounded in both hands and his left arm. He was taken to Guiney's Page 253 station, to keep him from being captured, pneumonia set in and he died on May 10. In the Union line of battle on Sunday morning the position of the left and center remained the same, except Howard's corps was moved to the extreme left, where no attack was likely to be made. The left was held by Hancock, the center by Slocum, and the right, facing west, by Sickles and French's division of Couch's corps. Sickles' extreme left (Birney's division) occupied the little plateau of Hazel grove, which commanded the Union center, and if won by the enemy he could pour an enfilading fire into Slocum's ranks. During the night Reynolds' corps had come up. It was placed so as to guard the roads to Ely's and the United States fords, and occupied the position which had been Jackson's objective point. After Jackson was wounded the command of the corps fell on Stuart, who was busy all night reorganizing his forces. At dawn he swung his right through the woods toward Hazel grove, from which all the Union troops had been withdrawn with the exception of Graham's brigade. Graham mistook the movement for an attack and a sharp skirmish ensued, which resulted in the Federals evacuating the hill and retiring to Fairview. Stuart was quick to see the advantage he had gained. He immediately occupied the hill with 30 pieces of artillery and opened fire on Chancellorsville. His next move was to attack Sickles on the Fairview ridge. Sickles obstinately defended his position for over two hours, repulsing several assaults, and then sent for reinforcements. Just as the request reached headquarters Hooker was knocked senseless by a cannon ball from Hazel grove, which struck the pillar against which he was leaning. There was no one with authority to send Sickles the desired assistance, though Meade and Reynolds were both disengaged and either corps would have been sufficient to enable Sickles to hold his position, or even to assume the offensive and secure a victory. Sickles fought on until his ammunition was exhausted, when he withdrew his useless artillery, fell back to a second line, only partially fortified, and prepared to hold that by bayonet. Just then French made a determined attack on the Confederate left and forced it back. This was the only offensive movement of the Union forces that day, and Stuart rushed reinforcements to the spot, quickly repelling the assault. Had half of Reynolds' corps, lying idle a short distance away, been ordered up Stuart's army might have been destroyed. During this time Slocum's line had been subjected to a heavy fire from the artillery at Hazel grove, and Hancock was threatened. By 10 a. m. Lee and Stuart had succeeded in effecting a junction of their forces, and with 40,000 men began pressing on toward Chancellorsville, opposed by probably 30,000 under Sickles, French and Slocum. The 42,000 of Meade, Howard and Reynolds, all within easy call, remained inactive. Again the assault fell on Sickles, who was without ammunition. Five times he repulsed the enemy with bayonets. Then the overwhelming numbers of the enemy hurled against him compelled him to give way and the army fell back to a line which had been mapped out the evening before. Here was a strong position. The left was protected by the ravine of Mineral Spring run, the right by the ravines of the Big and Little Hunting runs, leaving only a narrow front open to attack, and this was not easy to approach by a line of any extent. Hooker had here over 70,000 men, while Lee's strength was barely 40,000. Notwithstanding this disparity of numbers he was preparing to renew the fight when he received the news that Sedgwick and Gibbon were between him and Fredericksburg, ready to fall on his rear or overpower Early and cut the Confederate communications. At 11 p. m. on Saturday, the 2nd, Sedgwick received the order to join Hooker. It was daylight before his advance reached the left and rear of Fredericksburg. Marye's hill Page 254 was carried by assault at 1 1 o'clock, and Sedgwick was between Lee and Early with his corps of 22,000 men. Gibbon, with his division of 5,000, had crossed over from Falmouth as soon as the town had been taken, and moved to the right, but was checked by the artillery fire and held at the canal until after the storming of the heights. Gibbon was left to hold the town and cover the bridges and Sedgwick sent back for Brooks' division, which had been left 3 miles below the town, to come forward and take the advance. This delayed Sedgwick's movements until 3 p. m., giving Lee time to send four brigades to check the Federal advance. At Salem Church this detachment met the Confederates that had been driven from Marye's heights, and a stand was made on a low ridge covered with timber. An attack by Brooks and Newton drove the Confederates from this position, but reinforcements coming up the Union forces were in turn compelled to fall back, closely pressed by the enemy until he was checked by the artillery. Both armies lay that night on the field. On Monday morning, May 4, Lee's army was in an extremely hazardous position. His entire strength was less than 50,000 men and this force was scattered. Stuart's corps, with the greater part of Anderson's division, was in front of Hooker at Chancellorsville; McLaws, with about 10,000, was at Salem Church, holding Sedgwick in check; and Early, with 8,000, was 3 miles farther south. Thus divided the Confederate army ought to have fallen an easy prey to the superior force of the Federals. But it was saved by the good generalship of Lee and the inactivity of Hooker. The remainder of Anderson's division was quietly withdrawn from Stuart and sent against Sedgwick. Early recaptured Marye's hill, forcing Gibbon to abandon Fredericksburg and recross the river, and then moved to join Anderson. At 11 a. m. Sedgwick found himself encompassed on three sides by the enemy. He reported the situation to Hooker and asked the active support of the main army. In reply he was directed not to attack unless the main body at Chancellorsville did so. This order placed him on the defensive. At 4 p. m. he formed his corps—now less than 20,000 men—with Howe facing Early on the east, Newton, with Russell's brigade of Brooks' division, facing west against McLaws, while Brooks' other two brigades were facing Anderson on the south. Within the three sides of this square, both flanks of which rested on the river, was Banks' ford, his line of retreat in case he was compelled to abandon his position. His entire line was thin and was confronted by a superior force. He realized that his position was precarious, but he determined to hold it until dark, as an attempt to cross the river in the daytime. would sacrifice a large part of his command. About 6 p. m. three guns were fired in quick succession from one of the Confederate batteries. This was the signal for the attack and the whole line began to advance. The assault fell the heaviest on Howe in an effort to cut off the Federals from the ford. Newton was not assailed and Brooks easily repulsed the attack on his line. Howe's artillery did effective work on Early's column and threw it into confusion. Taking advantage of the situation Howe advanced his right and captured the greater part of the 8th Louisiana regiment, but the movement exposed his left and he was compelled to fall back to a position previously selected. The enemy took this for a retreat and charged, bringing his flank opposite the Vermont brigade stationed in a little piece of woods. This brigade opened a galling fire and Early beat a precipitate retreat. After the attack on his lines in the morning Sedgwick sent word to Hooker that he could hold his position. Before Hooker received that despatch he had sent Sedgwick an order to cross the river. After receiving it he countermanded the order, but Sedgwick did not receive the countermand in time. General Benham, of the engineers, Page 255 had thrown a bridge across at Scott's dam, about a mile below Banks' ford, on the 3d. While the attack on Sedgwick was in progress he threw over another, and this precaution enabled Sedgwick to save his corps. Soon after dark the order was issued to fall back to the north bank of the Rappahannock and by daylight the next morning the entire command was encamped on the Falmouth road a mile from the ford. On Sunday night Hooker called a council of war, at which it was decided to recross the Rappahannock. Some difficulty was encountered in crossing, owing to a sudden rise in the river, but by the 6th the entire army was on the north side, and the disastrous Chancellorsville campaign was ended. In the several engagements the Union army lost 1,606 killed, 9,762 wounded, and 5,919 missing. The Confederate losses, as given by brigade and division commanders, aggregated 1,649 killed, 9,106 wounded, and 1,708 captured or missing.


Chantilly, Virginia, September 1, 1862. 3d Corps, Army of Virginia; 3d and 9th Corps, Army of the Potomac. After the battle of Manassas, on August 30, Pope fell back to Centerville. His forces there on the morning of September 1 numbered about 62,000 men. They were made up of the 1st, 2nd and 3d corps of the Army of Virginia, commanded by Sigel, Banks and McDowell, and the 2nd, 3d, 5th, 6th and 9th corps of the Army of the Potomac, commanded by Sumner, Heintzelman, Porter, Franklin and Reno. (The 9th corps was temporarily commanded by Brigadier-General Isaac I. Stevens.) The last day of August was rainy, but Lee decided to push his advantage in spite of the weather. To this end Jackson's corps, closely followed by Longstreet's. was moved to Sudley ford, where they crossed Bull run, and early on the morning of the 1st Jackson started for the Little River turnpike, intending to reach Fairfax Court House. 7 miles in the rear of Pope, and cut off his retreat. At 3 o'clock that morning Pope ordered Sumner to make a reconnaissance in the direction of the pike, and the detachments sent out for that purpose discovered Jackson's column. Pope ordered McDowell to move back toward Fairfax. Hooker's division of Heintzelman's corps was to take a position on the right of McDowell, while Stevens was directed to push forward north of the road from Fairfax to Centerville in the direction of Chantilly to intercept Jackson's advance. The remainder of Heintzelman's corps was posted on the road between Centerville and Fairfax in support of Stevens; Franklin was placed on the left of McDowell; Sumner, Sigel and Porter, in the order named, were to form on the left of Heintzelman. Banks' corps was sent with the trains by the old Braddock road to strike the Alexandria pike beyond Fairfax. Stevens was unable to reach the pike in advance of Jackson, but became engaged with the Confederate skirmishers south of the road. Without waiting for support he determined to attack. Seizing the colors of the 79th New York Highlanders—his old regiment—he led the advance in person. His division, numbering about 2,000 men, every one of whom was inspired by the heroic conduct of their commander, charged impetuously upon the Confederate column, effectively checking its further progress. Stevens fell in the charge. General Kearny, commanding the 1st division of Heintzelman's corps, moved promptly to the assistance of Stevens and was also killed. The fighting continued for an hour or more. Ricketts' division of McDowell's corps was drawn up across the road in the valley of Difficult creek and attacked Jackson in front while the fighting on his flank was going on. This assault from two directions forced the enemy to retire and Pope's army was saved. The engagement is also known as the battle of Ox hill. The official statement of the Union loss here is included in the report of the operations from August 16 to September 2. The Confederate reports give 44 killed, 151 wounded and 5 missing.


Chantilly, Virginia, December 29, 1862. Detachment of the 1st New Jersey Page 256 This was an incident of Stuart's cavalry raid to Dumfries and Fairfax Court House. Colonel Wyndham, with 500 men of his regiment, fell on the enemy's rear about 10 a. m., and although the Confederates numbered over 3,000 his attack was so vigorous that they were compelled to halt and deploy their forces, by which means Wyndham discovered their strength. Seeing himself outnumbered he withdrew a short distance, but when the enemy again resumed the march he pursued them to Pleasant Valley, harassing their rear at every opportunity. No casualties reported.


Chantilly, Virginia, February 10, 25-26, 1863. Chantilly, Virginia, March 23, 1863. (See Little River Turnpike.) Chantilly, Virginia, October 17, 1863. Chapel Hill, Missouri, July 30, 1864. Detachment of the 7th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Lieutenant Horn, with 93 men, set out from Camp Grover, near Warrensburg, on the evening of the 27th for the northwest part of Johnson county, for the purpose of breaking up a band of bushwhackers that was operating in that vicinity. From Wagon knob he discovered a party of the enemy in a grove near Chapel hill. Deploying his men so as to cover the grove he ordered a charge, killed 1 man and wounded another, and captured 2 horses and 5 rifles and shotguns without loss.


Chapel Hill, North Carolina, April 15, 1865. General Joseph Wheeler, of the Confederate army, in one of his reports states that Federal troops approached his position at Chapel Hill, fired a few shots, and then retired. No mention of the affair is found in any of the Union reports or communications.


Chapel Hill, Tennessee, March 5, 1863. 3d Division, 14th Army Corps. Brigadier-General James B. Steedman, commanding the corps, sent out a detachment from Triune to make a reconnaissance to the Confederate camp near Chapel Hill. The reconnoitering party encountered two regiments of Roddey's cavalry and drove them across Duck river, wounding 7 and capturing 60, with their horses and equipments, without casualty.


Chapel Hill, Tennessee, April 13, 1863. Detachment of Cavalry of the 14th Army Corps. General Steedman sent Lieutenant-Colonel J. P. Brownlow, with two companies, to capture a forage train near Chapel Hill. Two miles from the town Brownlow attacked the train, killed 1 man and dispersed the guard, but before the train could be destroyed the enemy was reinforced and the Federals were forced to retire, which they did in good order and without loss.


Chaplin Hills, Kentucky, October 8, 1862. (See Perryville.)


Chaplintown, Kentucky, January 30, 1865. Detachment of the 30th Kentucky Infantry. Captain Searcy's company had a running fight with Clarke's guerrillas 3 miles east of Chaplintown and wounded 1 man. The guerrillas were better mounted than the Federals and succeeded in making their escape.


Chapman's Fort, South Carolina, May 26, 186+ U. S. Transport Boston. An expedition was sent out by Gen Hatch, under command of Brigadier-General William Birney, to destroy the bridges on the line of the Charleston & Savannah railroad. Of the transports conveying the expedition two— the Boston and the Edwin Lewis—made a mistake, and, instead of stopping at the point designated, proceeded on up the Ashepoo river until they came within range of the Confederate guns at Chapman's fort. There the Boston ran aground, in such a position that she was subjected to a raking fire, and was soon disabled. The men on board saved their lives by swimming to the Lewis, though they were compelled to lose their arms and equipments. The loss was 13 killed, drowned and missing. The steamer fell into the hands of the enemy and was burned, with about 100 horses that were on board.


Chapmanville, West Virginia, September 25, 1861. 1st Kentucky and 34th Ohio Volunteers.


Chapmanville, West Virginia, April 18, 1862.


Chappell House, Virginia, September 27-October 2, 1864.


Chariton Bridge, Missouri, August 3, 1862. 6th Missouri Cavalry.


Chariton County, Missouri, April 11, 1864. Detachment of the 9th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Sergt. T. J. Westly, with a small force of men, was sent in pursuit of a gang of guerrillas that had been committing depredations around Brookfield and Porche's prairie. About 9 a. m. on the 11th he came up with them in Chariton county, captured 3 prisoners, 5 horses, 6 double-barreled shotguns, 3 revolvers and a quantity of clothing. Two of the bushwhackers were run into Elk creek, and were thought to have been drowned.


Chariton County, Missouri, May 27, 1865. Detachments of the 62nd Missouri Militia. For some time after the close of hostilities, this part of Missouri was infested by bands of guerrillas. On the 27th Captain Dolman's company had a skirmish with one of these gangs, led by one Jackson. In the skirmish Jackson's horse was shot from under him, but he managed to escape, although pursued for some distance. On the same day Lieutenant Wright, with part of Captain Denny's company, surrounded Rider's gang at Switzler's mill, at 3 o'clock in the morning. One guerrilla was severely wounded; several in trying to escape ran into the millpond and at least one was drowned. In both these affairs the Union forces suffered no casualties.


Chariton Road, Missouri, July 30, 1864. Detachment 35th Enrolled Missouri Militia Infantry. Lieutenant Benecke, with 44 men of Captain Stanley's company, was sent to Union Church to disperse Holtzclaw's band of guerrillas. Finding the trail at the church, Benecke pursued to the forks of the Chariton, where he attacked, killing 4 and wounding about a dozen. The rest of the gang, after a spirited fight of a few minutes' duration, sought safety in flight. The Union loss was 1 man slightly wounded.


Charles City Court House, Virginia, December 12-14, 1863. Detachments, 139th New York and 6th U. S. Colored Infantry and New York Mounted Rifles. The expedition against Charles City Court House was sent out by General Wistar, under the command of Colonel R. M. West, the object being to capture the enemy's cavalry at that point. On the 12th 200 men of the 139th New York were started from Williamsburg, under Colonel Roberts, with instructions to reach the Forge bridge by 5 a. m. the next day and hold it. Roberts made a detour to the rear of the enemy's pickets and reached the bridge on time. At 7 o'clock that evening 275 men of the New York mounted rifles, under Colonel Onderdonk, and accompanied by West, moved by the direct road to the bridge. At 4 o'clock on the morning of the 13th the 6th Colored infantry, under Colonel Ames, was ordered to move to Twelve-mile Ordinary, with ambulances and a wagon loaded with rations, and picket the roads there. When the mounted rifles reached the bridge they were divided into two parties, one under Onderdonk and the other under Major Wheelan, and advanced on the enemy's two camps, which were near together. Wheelan surprised his camp completely, the Confederates firing a straggling volley from their houses and then surrendering. The camp attacked by Onderdonk received notice of his approach and for a short time the enemy put up a spirited resistance from the houses, but in the end they were overpowered and compelled to surrender. The Union loss was 2 killed, 4 wounded, and 1 man belonging to the Colored regiment captured. The enemy lost 8 officers and 82 men captured, with 55 horses, 3 mules, 100 carbines, 100 sabers, 100 sets of horse equipments, 20 new tents and a quantity of ammunition and provisions. Several horses that were unserviceable were shot.


Charles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, June 30, 1862. This is one of the names given to the battle of Glendale, a full account of which is given under the head of the Seven Days' battles.


Charles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, November 16, 1863. Cavalry Expedition, commanded by Colonel West.


Charles City Road, Virginia, June 19, 1862. 20th Indiana Infantry. The regiment was engaged in picketing the Charles City road near Richmond. About 4:30 a. m. a force of Confederate infantry and cavalry, numbering probably 300, made an attack on the left of the line. Colonel Brown ordered Captain Dick and Lieutenant Andrew to take 50 sharpshooters, who were under arms at the time, and assist in repelling the attack. After being driven from the left the enemy showed himself in front, where Lieutenant Carr, with a small squad, occupied a position slightly in advance. Carr and one of his men were wounded, but the enemy was repulsed. Next the center of the line was assailed and again the Confederates were driven off. No further demonstration was made. The Union casualties were 3 men wounded, 1 fatally. Brown reported several of the enemy wounded, some perhaps killed.


Charles City Road, Virginia, August 16, 1864. (See Deep Bottom, same date.)


Charleston, Missouri, August 19, 1861. Detachment of the 22nd Illinois Infantry. Colonel Dougherty, commanding the regiment, which was stationed at Bird's Point, took 250 men and went by train over the Cairo & Fulton railroad to Charleston, where a force of Confederate infantry and cavalry belonging to the Missouri state troops was stationed. When near the city the troops were divided into two parties, one commanded by Dougherty in person and the other by Lieutenant-Colonel Hart. About 100 yards from the public square the cavalry, numbering about 200, was drawn up to dispute the further progress of the Federals. One volley was sufficient to drive them into a convenient cornfield. Dougherty then ordered the men forward at the double-quick to the public square, where the main body of the infantry was encountered. The enemy took shelter behind the houses and poured a heavy fire on the Union troops, who stood like veterans and answered shot for shot. In the meantime the cavalry had been rallied and attacked Hart, who faced his men both ways and finally succeeded in dispersing them. Colonel J. H. Hunter, commanding the Confederates, then beat a precipitate retreat and was afterward placed under arrest, charged with ignorance and cowardice. The Union loss was 1 man killed and 7 wounded, among whom was Colonel Dougherty. The loss of the enemy was not learned, but it must have been considerable.


Charleston, Missouri, December 13, 1861.


Charleston, Missouri, January 8, 1862. 10th Iowa Volunteers. The regiment, commanded by Colonel Perczel. left Bird's Point at 9 p. m. to break up a Confederate camp in the neighborhood of Charleston. Two hours later they left the train and proceeded on foot to surprise the camp. But the guide lost his way and the regiment wandered around until nearly daylight. Perczel, then seeing a light in a farmhouse, sent some of his men to inquire if there were any Confederate soldiers in the vicinity. The farmer, whose name was Rodan, replied that he had not seen a soldier for two weeks. Again the Union troops moved forward, but had not proceeded far until they were fired on from ambush. while passing through a narrow lane, with the result that 5 were killed, 2 mortally and 15 slightly wounded. For a few minutes confusion prevailed, but the men were rallied and started in pursuit. The enemy, however, made his escape. Rodan was arrested and charged with a capital crime.


Charleston, Missouri, February 15, 1864. Detachments of the 2nd Missouri Page 259 State Militia Cavalry. Captain Ewing sent Corp. T. M. Philliber, with 20 men and 2 guides, to look for some guerrillas that were operating west of the town. They surrounded the house of one Vernon, in which some of the guerrillas were concealed, and as they approached were fired on, 1 man being killed and another mortally wounded. The bush-whackers then made a dash for the brush and a spirited fight of several minutes followed. Philliber sent back to Charleston for assistance and for a wagon to take care of the dead and wounded. Lieutenant Calvert, with about 20 men, hurried to the scene and started in pursuit of the enemy. He was fired on from ambush with the result that Philliber and a citizen who had volunteered fell severely wounded, after which the guerrillas made their escape. Ewing went to the house the next morning, found 4 horses tied in the brush near by, but no trace of the bush-whackers. The house was burned.


Charleston, Missouri, April 19-20, 1864. Detachment of the 2nd Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Colonel J. B. Rogers, commanding the regiment, reported a fight on the 19th in which 4 guerrillas were killed. The next day a detachment came upon a party in a house and another fight ensued in which 8 were killed, among them Philip Davis, one of the guerrilla leaders. The house was then burned.


Charleston, Missouri, November 5, 1864. Detachment of the 2nd Missouri State Militia Cavalry. While Captain Diehl and his men were at breakfast a party of guerrillas made a dash into the town, wounded Diehl seriously, 1 man slightly and took 8 prisoners. Most of Diehl's company were on a scout at the time and he had not sufficient force at hand to pursue the guerrillas, who numbered about 60. (See Sikeston.)


Charleston, South Carolina, August 21-December 31, 1863.—In most of the operations about Charleston during the year 1863 the navy played an important part, and a detailed account of these operations will be found in the volume on the navy, with the exception of some attacks on individual fortifications where the land forces participated. Charleston, South Carolina, February 17-18. 1865. 21st U. S. Colored Troops. No engagement was fought at Charleston on this date. The Confederates evacuated their works on the night of the 17th and the early morning hours of the 18th, and about 10 a. m. Lieutenant-Colonel A. G. Bennett, commanding the United States forces about Charleston, landed at Mills' wharf with about 30 men, demanded of the mayor and received a formal surrender of the city. The retreating Confederates had set fire to a number of public buildings, among them the commissary depot. This was blown up at a time when about 200 persons, mostly women and children were engaged in procuring food there by permission from the Confederate authorities. Nearly all these people were killed, many of them being blown to atoms, which were the only casualties reported.


Charleston, Tennessee, September 25, 1863. 1st Brigade, 4th Division, 23d Army Corps. Charleston is just across the Hiawassee river from Calhoun. In the skirmishing about the latter place on this date, and on the Dalton, Cleveland and Chatata roads, some of the fighting occurred about Charleston, though no specific report was made of that part of the action. (See Calhoun, same date.) Charleston, Tennessee, November 30, 1863.


Charleston, Tennessee, December 28, 1863. Escort from Sheridan's Division, and part of the 2nd Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland. Colonel Laiboldt. of the 2nd Missouri infantry, with an escort of convalescents from Sheridan's command, was taking a wagon train from Chattanooga to Knoxville. Near Charleston he was attacked by about 1,500 of Wheeler's cavalry. Colonel Eli Long happened to be at Calhoun, just across the Hiawassee river, with about 150 men of his brigade. He moved out with this force and vigorously assaulted the enemy. The Page 260 Confederates, not knowing how strong the attacking party might be, retreated. As soon as the train was across the river Long and Laiboldt both started in pursuit and followed the enemy to Chatata creek, killing and wounding a number and taking 121 prisoners and several stands of arms. No Union loss was reported.


Charleston, Tennessee, August 18-19, 1864. 2nd Ohio Heavy Artillery. Lieutenant-Colonel M. B. Ewing reported that Humes' Confederate brigade, about 1,400 strong, undertook to destroy the railroad near Charleston, but that he drove them off with seven shots from his guns. A deserter brought the information that the last shell, a 10-pounder Parrott, exploded in the midst of the Confederates and wounded 6 men.


Charleston, West Virginia, September 13, 1862. (See Kanawha Valley Campaign.)


Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, April 7, 1863. Naval attack on Fort Sumter. (See Naval Volume.)


Charlestown, Arkansas, April 4, 1864. Charlestown, West Virginia, May 28, 1862. Confederate Generals Jackson and Winder mention a demonstration toward Harper's Ferry. In his report Winder says: "On emerging from the woods, some three-quarters of a mile from Charlestown, I discovered the enemy in line of battle, some 1,500 strong, and decided to attack him. As soon as we were discovered he opened upon us with two pieces of artillery. Carpenter's battery was placed in position, the 33d regiment being ordered to support it. This battery was admirably worked, and in twenty minutes the enemy retired in great disorder, throwing away arms, blankets, haversacks, &c." No account of this affair is to be found in any of the Federal reports.


Charlestown, West Virginia, December 2, 1862. (See Berryville.) Charlestown, West Virginia, February 12, 1863. Scouts, 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry. A party of 12 men was attacked near Smithfield by some of Baylor's Confederate cavalry, about an hour after noon, 1 man being killed, 2 wounded, and 4 men and several horses captured. Another scouting party came up with the Confederates about 4 p. m., a short distance south of Charlestown, and engaged them. A running fight followed, in which the prisoners taken near Smithfield were recaptured, Baylor and 2 of his men being taken prisoners, and the remainder of his command scattered in all directions.


Charlestown, West Virginia, May 16, 1863. (See Piedmont Station, same date.)


Charlestown, West Virginia, July 15, 1863. 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac. Brigadier-General D. McM. Gregg, commanding the division, reported from Shepherdstown at 3 p. m. as follows: "This morning had a skirmish with the enemy's cavalry near Charlestown. The enemy used artillery. Have taken 100 prisoners, including sick." The affair was an incident of the pursuit of Lee's army from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.


Charlestown, West Virginia, October 7, 1863. Colonel B. L. Simpson, commanding the post at Charlestown, sent out a party of 20 cavalry to scout on the Berryville road. Hearing soon after their departure that they were likely to be cut off by the enemy, he sent Captain Summers, with 43 men, to their assistance. The first party dodged the Confederates and came in by another road, but Summers was cut off at Summit Point. He was leading the advance, when, upon turning a bend in the road, he saw some of the enemy drawn up in line of battle. A charge was ordered and as it was being made Summers' men received a fire on the flank from a squad concealed behind a stone wall. Summers and 1 man were instantly killed and 4 men were wounded. The Confederates then retired toward Winchester and Martinsburg.


Charlestown, West Virginia, October 18, 1863. 9th Maryland and 34th Massachusetts Page 261 Infantry; Detachment of the 1st Connecticut Cavalry; and 17th Indiana Battery. Colonel B. L. Simpson, with the 9th Maryland, was surprised by a superior force under General Imboden about 7 a. m. A few of the officers made their escape, but most of the regiment was surrendered. Almost immediately after the affair information was received at Harper's Ferry. Colonel George D. Wells, with the other troops, hurried to Charlestown, drove the Confederates out of the place and pursued them nearly to Berryville, when General Sullivan sent an order to Wells to return. The Union loss was 6 killed, 43 wounded and about 375 of the 9th Maryland captured. The loss of the enemy was not definitely learned. Wells reported seeing about 25 dead along the line of the pursuit. Imboden's force numbered about 1,500.


Charlestown, West Virginia, March 10, 1864. 1st New York Veteran Cavalry. The pickets at the crossing of the Keys' Ferry and Kabletown roads were attacked about 6 a. m. by a detachment of Mosby's command. The Confederates wore the Federal uniform and the picket mistook them for a reserve from Charlestown. When within about 10 rods of the outpost they suddenly fired, killing 1 and wounding 4 others. They then made a dash and captured 13 prisoners. Although the enemy numbered some 60 men, Major Sullivan followed with only 9 and overtook them at Kabletown, where they fired from ambush and killed Sullivan and 2 privates. A reserve under Lieutenant Conway arrived soon after this unfortunate affair and gave chase, but failed to overtake them.


Charlestown, West Virginia, May 24, 1864. The only official mention of this engagement is in a report of Brigadier-General Max Weber, from Harper's Ferry. He says: "One of my scouting parties had a fight with some of Mosby's men this afternoon near Charlestown, * * * The number of Mosby's men is reported to be between 200 and 300."


Charlestown, West Virginia, June 29, 1864. Part of Sigel's Division, Army of West Virginia. About 1 p. m. a body of some 500 Confederate cavalry broke through the Union lines at Charlestown and after a skirmish with the cavalry attacked a company of infantry at Duffield's station, where they took about 25 prisoners. They also destroyed a storehouse and cut the telegraph wires, but did not succeed in tearing up the railroad track, as they were too closely pressed by troops from Martinsburg and Harper's Ferry. They escaped by way of Berry's ferry.


Charlestown, West Virginia, August 21-22, 1864. 6th Army Corps. In the Shenandoah Valley campaign the corps reached Flowing Spring, about 2 miles west of Charlestown, on the 18th. Detachments were thrown out toward Berryville, Summit Point and Smithfield, skirmishing at various points with the enemy. On the 21st the Confederates crossed the Opequan at Smithfield in considerable force, and the corps fell back to Charlestown. That night the main body fell back to Halltown, leaving Lowell's brigade to bring up the rear. Early the next morning Lowell moved toward Halltown, the 2nd Massachusetts cavalry, which formed the rear-guard, skirmishing with the enemy all the way. (See Halltown.)


Charlestown, West Virginia, August 26, 1864. In the Shenandoah Valley campaign there was almost constant skirmishing around Charlestown during the latter part of August. The Confederate reports mention that Anderson's division was engaged on the afternoon of the 26th near the town, but no detailed report of the affair was made by either side.


Charlestown, West Virginia, August 29, 1864. 3d Division, 6th Army Corps. The Confederates drove in the Union pickets and the 3d division was ordered to the front. The order was promptly obeyed and the enemy was repulsed, the division following for several miles.


Charlestown, West Virginia, November 29, 1864. 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry. A short time before midnight the reserve post was attacked, 2 men Page 262 killed, 1 wounded, and 5 men and 19 horses captured. The Confederates lost 1 killed and 3 wounded. They numbered about 200, while the post numbered less than 30.


Charlestown, West Virginia, April 6, 1865. Loudoun County Rangers. Some of Mosby's guerrillas made a descent on the camp of the rangers, capturing several men and nearly all the horses. No report of killed and wounded.


Charlestown, West Virginia (Note.) The location of Charlestown, in the Shenandoah Valley and on the direct road from Harper's Ferry to Winchester, made it the theater of numerous reconnaissances and skirmishes. In addition to those above described the official records of the war mention actions at or near Charlestown on July 21, 1861; October 6, November :o and 26, and December 25, 1862; July 19 and August 15, 1864; and March 13, 1865.


Chariot, Missouri, October 25, 1864. Curtis' and Pleasonton's Cavalry. The engagement at Chariot on this date was an incident of Price's Missouri expedition. After the defeat of the Confederate forces at the Osage river in the morning they beat a rapid retreat until the Marmiton river was reached, where they made another stand to protect the crossing of their train. McNeil's brigade of Pleasonton's division was in advance and soon became actively engaged. Benteen's brigade was hurried forward to McNeil's assistance. As it came on the field Benteen noticed the position of the enemy's artillery, which was practically unsupported, made a dashing charge and captured the guns. The Federal line was then advanced until the conflict assumed the nature of a hand-to-hand fight, when the Confederates gave way and fell back across the river, leaving 8 pieces of artillery and over 1,000 prisoners in the hands of the Union forces. Losses in killed and wounded not stated in the reports of the officers engaged. (Sometimes called the battle of the Marmiton.)


Charlotte, Tennessee, March 13-14, 1863. Cavalry under Colonel Bruce. A scouting party sent out by Colonel Bruce captured 13 Confederates with their horses. Five, of the prisoners claimed to be Union men who had been drafted into the Confederate service.


Charlottesville, Virginia, February 29, 1864. (See Albemarle County, Custer's Expedition.)


Chattahoochee River, Georgia, July 5-17, 1864. Armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee and Ohio. From May 7 to July 4 the Confederate army under General Joseph E. Johnston had been constantly falling back before the Union forces commanded by Major-General William T. Sherman. On the night of July 4 Johnston withdrew to a strong line of fortifications along the right bank of the Chattahoochee river, covering the Western & Atlantic railroad and some of the principal wagon roads leading to Atlanta, and sent his cavalry to the left bank of the river, Jackson on his left to guard the crossings below the railroad and Wheeler on the right to protect those above. On the 5th Sherman moved the Armies of the Tennessee and Cumberland, respectively commanded by Major-General J. B. McPherson and Major-General George H. Thomas, up to the Chattahoochee, forming a line from the mouth of the Nickajack to a short distance above the railroad bridge, while Schofield, with the Army of the Ohio, was posted near Smyrna as a reserve. Along the river were several fords and ferries, viz: Howell's ferry, about a mile above the railroad bridge; Pace's ferry, some 3 miles farther up the stream; Phillips' ferry, sometimes called Isham's ford, at the mouth of Soap creek, about 6 or 7 miles above Pace's; Johnson's ferry, 3 miles above Phillips'; Powers' ford, 3 or 4 miles farther up and some 6 miles below the village of Roswell; Turner's ferry, about 4 miles below the railroad bridge, and Green's ferry still farther down. The nearest bridge was at Roswell, some 20 miles above the railroad. Garrard's cavalry division was sent to seize and hold this Page 263 bridge, but it was burned by Wheeler before the Union troops could reach it. Garrard destroyed several cotton and woolen factories, and a large paper mill at Roswell, the products of which were being turned over to the Confederate government, and sent to the owners under guard to Marietta. After examining the ground in both directions, Sherman decided to make a feint down the river, then push his forces across at the several passages above the railroad, turn Johnston's left and flank him out of his position. Accordingly Stoneman's cavalry was sent down the river to make active demonstrations as far as Campbellton, with instructions to cross at that place if practicable and cut the railroad communications to the southwest of Atlanta. On the 7th Schofield made a personal reconnaissance of the river from Pace's ferry to Roswell and determined on Phillips' ferry as the best place to effect a crossing. His command (the 23d corps) was moved up near the mouth of Soap creek and massed behind the ridge between that stream and the Chattahoochee. Cox's division, which was in advance, took position as close to the river as possible without exposing its presence there, and that night the men bivouacked without campfires. The pickets along the bank were carefully concealed from any force that might be on the opposite side. About half a mile above the mouth of the creek was a fish-dam, where Cameron's brigade was stationed, with instructions to cross on the dam when the signal should be given the next day. Early on the morning of the 8th canvas pontoons were launched in Soap creek, above a bend where they could not be seen from the south side of the river, and at 3 p. m. the signal to advance was given. Twenty white pontoons, manned by the 12th Kentucky infantry, shot out of the mouth of Soap creek and headed for the opposite bank, where a small cavalry force with a piece of artillery was guarding the ford. At the same time Byrd's brigade, which had been concealed in the woods along the ridge, rushed forward to the edge of the bluff and opened such a vigorous fire on the Confederates that no one could aim or fire the cannon after the first shot. Cameron's men clambered over the slippery rocks of the fish-dam and hastened down on the south side, reaching the point opposite to the mouth of Soap creek almost as soon as the men who were ferried over in the pontoons. The cavalry fled at the approach of the Federals and the one gun was captured without the loss of a man. All of Byrd's brigade was then ferried over, after which a pontoon bridge was laid, and by daylight on the 9th Cox's and Hascall's divisions occupied a strong position on the south side of the river. The Chattahoochee was crossed. On the 9th the 16th corps and Newton's division of Howard's (4th) corps were sent to Roswell to support Garrard in effecting a crossing there. Garrard crossed under the protection of the infantry and found that Wheeler's cavalry had disappeared during the night. These movements alarmed Johnston and on the night of the 9th he withdrew his infantry across the Chattahoochee, burning the bridges behind him. Sherman ordered McPherson to keep up his demonstrations at Turner's ferry for two or three days, as if he intended to force a crossing there. Stanley's and Wood's divisions of the 4th corps were moved on the 10th to a position near Phillips' ferry, where they could support Schofield, who was now busy in building a bridge in order that the pontoons might be used elsewhere. The next day Sherman ordered Howard to secure the heights on the south side of the Chattahoochee opposite Powers' ferry. Stanley's division crossed on Schofield's bridge early on the morning of the 12th and moved up to Powers' ferry, where the remainder of the corps crossed later in the day on a pontoon laid by Colonel Buell. McPherson was now ordered to cross at Roswell, move against the Augusta railroad and. destroy it to prevent reinforcements coming to Page 264 Johnston by that route from the Shenandoah valley. In this movement he was to have the cooperation of Schofield and Garrard. McPherson crossed on the 14th and with the other commands moved in the direction of Decatur. Palmer's (14th) and Hooker's (20th) corps were concentrated at Pace's ferry, where pontoons were thrown across the river, and at dusk on the 17th Geary's division of the latter passed over the bridge. The whole Union army was on the south side of the Chattahoochee ready to move against Atlanta. During the movement of crossing the river there was considerable skirmishing at all the fords and ferries, but the casualties were comparatively light.


Chattanooga, Tennessee, June 7-8, 1862. Union Forces under General J. S. Negley. As Negley was returning from an expedition into East Tennessee he found General Adams and Colonel Morgan, with about 3,000 Confederate troops, occupying Chattanooga. The enemy had 10 pieces of artillery and as soon as the Federals appeared before the city these guns opened a steady fire. Negley placed his artillery in position and after a fierce duel of three hours the Confederate guns were silenced. At 9 o'clock the next morning the cannonading was again commenced on the town and rifle-pits and continued for 6 hours, when the enemy abandoned his works and evacuated the city. No casualties reported.


Chattanooga, Tennessee, September 22, 1863. (See Missionary Ridge, same date.)


Chattanooga, Tennessee, September 24, 1863. 22nd Indiana and 74th Illinois Infantry. The two regiments were sent across a small creek, about a mile from Chattanooga, for the purpose of making a reconnaissance. A strong skirmish line was thrown forward, the enemy's pickets driven back for about half a mile, when the main line of the Confederates was encountered concealed behind a fence. When the Union skirmishers were within about 200 yards the enemy rose and poured in a volley that forced the skirmishers to retire to the edge of the woods, bringing 3 wounded men with them. The Confederates then advanced a regiment of infantry and a battery on the Union right flank, when the reconnoitering party received orders to retire to the original position behind the creek.


Chattanooga, Tennessee, October 2-8, 1863.


Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 23-25, 1863. Army of the Cumberland; Army of the Tennessee. After the battle of Chickamauga the Union forces retired to Chattanooga, where for some time they were virtually in a state of siege. Although rifle-pits and earthworks were constructed to keep the Confederates from getting into the city, Bragg promptly moved up and constructed rifle-pits and earthworks to keep the Federals from getting out. The Confederate lines were gradually extended until they reached from the Chickamauga river above the city to the valley west of Lookout mountain, where Longstreet's corps cut off communication with Bridgeport. This made it extremely difficult to obtain supplies, the only route open being through the Sequatchie valley, and there they must be brought 60 miles in wagons, over rough roads. The situation was made worse, when, on October 1, Wheeler's cavalry made a raid upon the line of supplies at Anderson's cross-roads, where he captured a number of trains loaded with rations for the army, killed most of the mules and burned over 300 wagons. The loss of these supplies, and the coming of bad roads with the fall season, reduced the daily rations until the smallest fragments of crackers and grains of corn were eagerly seized by the soldiers to stay the pangs of hunger. This unhappy condition of affairs was relieved by the capture of Brown's ferry on October 27, and the opening of a road to Kelley's ferry. (See Brown's ferry.) During this time a number of changes were made in the army. McCook and Crittenden, who had commanded the 20th and 21st corps at Page 265 the battle of Chickamauga, were relieved from their commands and ordered north to appear before a court of inquiry upon their conduct in that engagement. The two corps were then united to form the 4th army corps, which was placed under the command of Major-General Gordon Granger. By an order of the war department, under date of October 16, the departments of the Cumberland, the Ohio and the Tennessee were consolidated into the Military Division of the Mississippi, and Major-General U. S. Grant was assigned to the command of the new division. By the same order Thomas succeeded Rosecrans in command of the Army of the Cumberland. This army was made up of the 4th corps (Granger's ), consisting of Cruft's, Sheridan's and Wood's divisions; the 11th corps, Major-General O. O. Howard, consisting of the divisions of Von Steinwehr and Schurz; Geary's division of the 12th corps; the 14th corps, Major-General John M. Palmer, embracing the divisions of Johnson, Davis and Baird; the engineer troops, under command of Brigadier-General W. F. Smith; the artillery reserve, commanded by Brigadier-General J. jvf. Brannan; the cavalry, under Colonel Eli Long, and the post of Chattanooga (three regiments), under Colonel John W. Parkhurst. That portion of the Army of the Tennessee which participated in the operations around Chattanooga consisted of the 15th corps, commanded by Major-General Frank P. Blair, including the divisions of Osterhaus, Morgan L. Smith and Ewing, and John E. Smith's division of the 17th corps, the whole being under the command of Major-General W. T. Sherman. Owing to changes, however, Sherman's immediate command at Chattanooga consisted of the 11th corps, Davis' division of the 14th, the 2nd and 4th divisions of the 15th, and the 2nd division of the 17th. Major-General Joseph Hooker, commanding the 11th and 12th corps, had under his immediate command the divisions of Cruft, Geary and Osterhaus, and detachments from the 14th corps. The effective strength, of the Union forces at Chattanooga was from 60,000 to 70,000 men. The Confederate army had also undergone some reorganization. Although Bragg had received reinforcements after the battle of Chickamauga, he depleted his forces almost on the eve of battle by sending Longstreet's corps, some 12,000 strong, and about 5,000 cavalry under Wheeler, against the Army of the Ohio, under General Burnside, at Knoxville. On November 23 the Confederate troops around Chattanooga were Hardee's corps, consisting of the divisions of Cheatham, Stevenson, Cleburne and Walker; Breckenridge's corps, including Hindman's and Breckenridge's divisions, the latter now commanded by Brigadier-General W. B. Bate; the reserve artillery, under Captain F. H. Robertson, and about seven regiments of cavalry, the entire force numbering in the neighborhood of 45,000 men of all arms. After the opening of the road to Kelley's ferry, by which supplies were assured, Grant turned his attention to the work of driving the enemy from his works in front. The Confederates had four lines of breastworks. The first was along the crest of Orchard knob, or Indian hill Half a mile in the rear of this, near the foot of Missionary ridge, was the second line. The third was about half-way up the slope, while the fourth and heaviest was along the crest of Missionary ridge. The total length of the line was about 12 miles, with the right resting on the north end of Missionary ridge and the left on Lookout mountain. The Federal line of intrenchments was about a mile from the town, extending from the mouth of Citico creek above to the bank of the river near the mouth of Chattanooga creek below. All the elevations along the line were strongly fortified and well supplied with artillery. One of the strongest of these was called Fort Wood, which was almost in front of the enemy's strongest position on the ridge. It was equipped with 22 pieces of artillery, most of which were capable of throwing shells to the enemy's second line. Page 266 Late in October Grant ordered Sherman, then at Eastport, Mississippi, to move at once to Bridgeport, Tennessee, and then push on to Chattanooga Sherman reported in person on November 15, and with him and Thomas the plan of battle was arranged. Sherman was to move his troops via Brown's ferry, keeping under cover of the woods, to a point opposite the mouth of the Chickamauga, where he was to cross and on the 21st assault the enemy's works on the north end of the ridge. Hooker, who had recently come from the Army of the Potomac with about 20,000 men, was to hold his position on the right, in Lookout valley, with Geary's and part of Cruft's divisions, to prevent the Confederate left from reinforcing the troops on the ridge. Thomas was to concentrate his troops in the valley well to the left, leaving one division to make a show of attacking the Confederate force in the upper part of the valley and men enough to defend the fortifications. As soon as Sherman began his assault Thomas was to move forward with his left, effect a junction with Sherman, and sweep the Confederates from the ridge. Howard was ordered to take a position on the 20th on the north bank of the Tennessee river, opposite the town and near the pontoon bridge, from which point he could move to the support of either Thomas or Sherman. Long's cavalry was to protect Sherman's left flank as far as might be necessary, then cross the Chickamauga and damage the enemy's line of communication as much as possible. It was expected that Sherman would be in position on the 19th, but heavy roads and floods retarded his movements. The breaking of the bridge at Brown's ferry cut off Osterhaus' division, which was then ordered to report to Hooker, and Davis' division was ordered to join Sherman in its stead. Sherman's movements across Lookout valley had been discovered by the enemy on Sunday, the 22nd, and upon learning this Thomas ordered Howard to cross over into the town, in order to give the Confederates the impression that his command was Sherman, coming to reinforce Chattanooga. The ruse worked successfully. Howard crossed in full view of the enemy stationed on Lookout mountain and took a position in the rear of Thomas. This little trick enabled Sherman to proceed according to the original program, and late on the 23d he reached the position from which he was to cross the river. W. F. Smith had prepared a number of pontoons in the north Chickamauga creek, where they were kept concealed from the enemy until the time came to use them. Giles A. Smith's brigade was quietly ferried over, captured the pickets, and by daylight on the 24th Sherman had about 8,000 men intrenched on the east side of the Tennessee. A pontoon bridge was then thrown across the river and by 1 p. m. his whole force was over, prepared for the attack on Missionary ridge. On the 20th Grant received the following communication from Bragg: "As there may still be some non-combatants in Chattanooga, I deem it proper to notify you that prudence would dictate their early withdrawal." This was doubtless intended to convey the impression that an attack was contemplated. Two days later a deserter came into the Union lines, bringing the information that Bragg was falling back. He was mistaken, however, having formed his conclusions from the fact that Buckner's division was that day sent to reinforce Longstreet. In order to test the truth of the report Grant directed Thomas to move out early on the 23d, drive in the Confederate pickets and make the enemy develop his lines. Accordingly Granger and Palmer, supported by Howard, moved out directly in front of Fort Wood and drove in the pickets from Chattanooga to Citico creeks. About 1 p. m. Sheridan's and P. M. Wood's divisions advanced at a double-quick, drove in the reserves and carried the line of works on Orchard knob before the Confederates were fully aware of their intentions. In this assault about 200 prisoners were taken. Page 267 Granger immediately occupied the ridge, with Palmer in a threatening position on the right and Howard on the left, and the first line of the enemy's works was permanently in the possession of the Federals. The hill was fortified, the guns from Orchard knob assisting materially in the attack on Missionary ridge the following day. Shortly after noon on the 24th Sherman formed his column for an advance on Missionary ridge, with M. L. Smith on the left, J. E. Smith in the center and Ewing on the right. A drizzling rain was falling and the clouds hung low over the valley, concealing the movement from the enemy's tower of observation on Lookout mountain. The three divisions, en echelon, each preceded by a strong line of skirmishers, soon gained the foothills. Then the skirmishers, closely followed by their supports, crept up the face of the hill, and by 3 :30 p. m. the north end of Missionary ridge was in possession of the Union troops. Up to this time Sherman had been under the impression that the ridge was one continuous elevation, but he now found himself on two high points with a deep gorge between his position and the hill over the tunnel on the Chattanooga & Cleveland railroad, which was his main objective point. The two hills had been carried without loss, as but a small force of the enemy had been stationed there, and this force had retired after a slight skirmish as the Federals swept up the hill. About 4 p. m. the enemy made a demonstration on Sherman's left and a sharp engagement followed with artillery and musketry, the Confederates finally being repulsed. In this skirmish General Giles A. Smith was severely wounded and the command of his brigade fell on Colonel Tupper. During the night the hills taken by Sherman were intrenched and held by one brigade from each of his three divisions, ready for the assault on the opposite hill the next morning. While these events were transpiring at Orchard knob and the north end of Missionary ridge Hooker had not been idle on the right. Late on the 23d he received orders to make a strong demonstration the next morning against the Confederate forces on Lookout mountain, to draw Bragg's attention in that direction, in order to enable Sherman to gain his position unobserved. Later he was directed by Thomas to carry the point of the mountain if the demonstration should develop the practicability of such a movement. The Confederate force on the mountain consisted of six brigades under Stevenson, the greater portion being posted on the northern slope, about half-way between the palisades and the Tennessee river, where a line of earthworks had been thrown up, while lower down was a line of rifle-pits, redoubts, etc., constructed with a view of repelling any assault from the town or from Lookout valley. Early on the morning of the 24th Geary's division and Whitaker's brigade of Cruft's division moved up Lookout creek to Wauhatchie, where a crossing was effected, and then marched down the right bank, sweeping the enemy's pickets before them. As soon as Geary was well under way Grose's brigade advanced upon the Confederates at the bridge near the railroad, drove them away, and commenced repairing the bridge. The skirmishing at this point alarmed the enemy on the mountain, and soon lines of men could be seen filing down the slope to man the rifle-pits and intrenchments. The skirmish at the bridge, and a heavy mist which overhung the mountain, concealed Geary's movements until he was on the enemy's flank and threatening their rear. Meantime artillery had been placed by Hooker's orders to cover the Confederate works. Wood's brigade went about 800 yards up the stream and built a second bridge, which was completed by the time Geary had reached his position on the enemy's flank. At 11 a. m. Wood and Grose crossed, joined Geary's left and moved down the valley. At noon the advance had driven the Confederates around the peak of the Page 268 mountain. Geary was ordered to halt and reform his lines at this point, but his men, intent on nothing but victory, pursued the panic-stricken enemy on up the mountain. On the high ground to the right was Cobham's brigade, between the main line of the enemy's defense and the palisades, pouring an incessant fire into the Confederates, while Ireland's brigade was closely pressing them on the flank. Close behind these two brigades came Whitaker and Creighton making the success of the Union arms certain and irresistible. Reinforcements were rushed forward to the enemy only to meet the fate of those who had preceded them, and after two or three sharp engagements the plateau was cleared. The last stand was made at the Craven house, where another body of reinforcements was added, but they were driven from this position and fled in confusion down to the valley. It was now 2 p. m. The clouds, which had hung over the mountain top in the morning, had settled down until the valley was veiled from view. Those below could hear the rattle of musketry and the shouts of victory as the Federal forces pressed on toward the summit, but they could see nothing of what was taking place. This was the "Battle above the Clouds," which has since become famous in song and story. Hooker immediately fortified his position and about 4 o'clock sent word to Thomas that it was impregnable. Carlin's brigade was sent to relieve Geary, whose troops were almost exhausted, and during the night repulsed an attempt to break the lines on the right. At sunrise on the 25th the Stars and Stripes were unfurled by the 8th Kentucky on the summit of the mountain. During the night the Confederates had abandoned the mountain, leaving behind them about 20,000 rations, all the camp and garrison equipage of three brigades, etc. On the 24th Grant established his headquarters on Orchard knob and about midnight sent word to Sherman to begin the attack at daylight. At the same time Hooker was ordered to push forward toward Rossville, take possession of the pass, and then move against Bragg’s left and rear. On the morning of the 25th Bragg's entire army was posted along Missionary ridge, extending from Tunnel hill to Rossville, Lookout mountain and the valley being abandoned. Sherman began his attack with Corse's brigade of Ewing's division, while Cockerill, Alexander and Lightburn were to hold the hill taken on the 24th. Lightburn was to send one regiment to cooperate with Corse, Morgan L. Smith was to move along the east base of the ridge, his right connecting with Corse, and Colonel Loomis was to move along the west base, supported by two reserve brigades of J. E. Smith's division. At sunrise Corse began his forward movement and advanced to a secondary crest about 80 yards from the enemy's intrenchments. This crest he held by calling up his reserves, and sent for reinforcements. Owing to the narrowness of the crest and the fact that it was covered by the enemy's fire a large force there was deemed unadvisable. Corse assaulted vigorously, maintaining a heavy contest for over an hour, but continued to hold the ground he had taken in his first attack. On the east side of the ridge M. L. Smith gained ground, while on the west Loomis managed to secure a position abreast of the tunnel, from which he could harass the Confederates, thus relieving the pressure at the north end of the ridge. The batteries of Callender and Wood, on the hills held by Ewing and Lightburn, and 2 pieces of Dillon's battery with Alexander's brigade, did all they could to clear the hill, but were compelled to direct their fire with great care to avoid endangering the Federal troops. About 10 a. m. the fight raged furiously and Corse was severely wounded, the command of the brigade devolving on Colonel Walcutt of the 46th Ohio. The fight was continued at the north end by Sherman's troops, with varying results, until about 3 p. m. In his Page 269 report he says: "I had watched for the attack of General Thomas 'early in the day.' Column after column of the enemy was streaming toward me. Gun after gun poured its concentric shot on us from every hill and spur that gave a view of any part of the ground held by us." In carrying out his part of the order of the day, Hooker was delayed for several hours at Chattanooga creek, where the enemy had destroyed the bridge. As soon as the stringers of a new bridge were in position Osterhaus crossed with his infantry. The 27th Missouri, deployed as skirmishers, pushed forward to the gorge in Missionary ridge, where they developed a considerable force of the enemy. This regiment was directed to keep the Confederates engaged in front, while Woods' brigade moved to the right of the ridge and four regiments of Williamson's to the left. Two regiments of the latter brigade were posted on the road to Chattanooga to guard against a surprise from that direction. The Confederates, finding that the flanks were turned, hastily evacuated the gap, leaving large quantities of ammunition, a house full of commissary stores, several wagons, ambulances, etc. By this time the bridge was completed and the remainder of the troops had crossed the creek. Osterhaus was ordered to move with his division along the east side of the ridge, Cruft along the crest, and Geary in the valley on the west side. In ascending the ridge Cruft encountered the enemy's skirmishers. The 9th and 36th Indiana were thrown forward, charged and drove them back, while the rest of the column formed in support. Then all three divisions, Osterhaus, Cruft and Geary advanced, driving everything before them and capturing a number of prisoners, Osterhaus alone taking 2,000. Grant was waiting for Hooker to reach the Confederate left at Rossville before moving against the center. From an early hour the divisions of Wood and Sheridan had been under arms, the men anxiously waiting for the order to move forward. The destruction of the bridge had not only delayed Hooker, but had also delayed the attack of Thomas for which Sherman had looked "early in the day." The signal for the advance was six cannon-shots, to be fired in quick succession from headquarters on Orchard knob. At 2:30 p. m. Baird's division was sent out from the right of Orchard knob to reinforce Sherman. A half-hour later Grant saw that Sherman's condition was growing more critical and decided to wait no longer to hear from Hooker. The six guns boomed out and with a cheer Wood's and Sheridan's men swept across the valley carrying the enemy's first line of works. Here they were supposed to stop and reform, but like Hooker's men at Lookout mountain the day before, they rushed on over the second line. In his account of the engagement in "Battles and Leaders," Grant thus describes this charge: "Without awaiting further orders or stopping to reform, on our troops went to the second line of works; over that and on for the crest—thus effectually carrying out my orders of the 18th for the battle and of the 24th for this charge. I watched their progress with intense interest. The fire along the rebel line was terrific. Cannon and musket balls filled the air; but the damage done was in small proportion to the ammunition used. The pursuit continued until the crest was reached, and soon our men were seen climbing over the Confederate barrier at different points in front of both Sheridan's and Wood's divisions. The retreat of the enemy along most of his line was precipitate, and the panic so great that Bragg and his officers lost all control over their men. Many were captured and thousands threw away their arms in their flight." Thus ended the battle of Missionary ridge and the siege of Chattanooga. The broken and shattered Confederate army was pursued into Georgia, being routed at various points and more prisoners taken. Page 270 The Union loss in the several engagements about Chattanooga was 753 killed, 4,722 wounded and 349 missing. The Confederate loss was 361 killed, 2,180 wounded and 6,142 captured, 239 of whom were commissioned officers.


Chattooga River, Georgia, September 12, 1863. 1st Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland. The itinerary of the division, commanded by Brigadier-General E. M. McCook, for this date, says: "Marched at daylight, returning to Alpine; received orders to proceed at once on the La Fayette road; marched as far as and across the Chattooga river; encountered Wheeler's cavalry command, drove them for some distance. Returned to Summerville and bivouacked."


Chavis Creek, Kansas, June 9, 1865. Detachment 2nd Colorado Cavalry. On this date four trains, of 12 wagons each, were attacked by Indians while en route to Fort Union. At a point about 2 or 3 miles east of Chavis creek they succeeded in capturing one train of mules and one train of cattle and getting off with both. Lieutenant R. W. Jenkins, with 60 men, started from Cow creek in pursuit and followed to the Arkansas river, when the chase was abandoned. One man belonging to the escort was killed.


Cheat Mountain Pass, Virginia, September 12-14, 1861. (See Elk Water.)


Cheat River, West Virginia, January 8, 1862, and December 6, 1863.


Cheat River, West Virginia, September 25, 1863. (See Seneca Trace Crossing.)


Cheat Summit, Virginia, September 12-14, 1861. (See Elk Water.)


Cheek's Cross-Roads, Tennessee, December 12, 1863. Cavalry under Colonel Garrard. Brigadier-General J. M. Shackelford, commanding at Bean's station, sent out Colonel Garrard with his brigade of cavalry to make a reconnaissance on the Morristown road. At Cheek's cross-roads he fell in with about 2,500 of the enemy and a heavy skirmish ensued. Garrard reported a loss of 4 killed and several wounded. The enemy's loss was not learned. Some skirmishing occurred on the Morristown and Rogersville roads the next day, but without important results.


Cheek's Cross-Roads, Tennessee, March 13-14. 1864. 7th Ohio Cavalry. Chehaw Station, Alabama, July 18, 1864. Cavalry, Army of the Cumberland. In the raid on the West Point & Montgomery railroad General Lovell H. Rousseau, commanding the expedition, sent Major Baird with part of the 5th la. and 4th Tennessee to begin the work of destroying the railroad at Chehaw Station and work back toward Notasulga to meet another party under Lieutenant-Colonel Watts. Baird encountered a considerable force of the enemy near Chehaw and sent back for reinforcements. Colonel Harrison, with the 8th Indiana, moved to his support and a sharp skirmish followed. The enemy stubbornly contested the ground, but were driven back to a ravine, where they made a stand and all efforts to dislodge them were futile until Harrison turned the left flank, when they were routed and fled in confusion, leaving 40 dead and a number wounded on the field. The Union loss was 3 killed and some 8 or 10 wounded.


Cheney's Farm, Georgia, June 22, 1864. 3d Division. 23d Army Corps. Cheney's farm was at the crossing of the Sandtown and Powder Springs roads, about 6 miles southwest of Marietta. On the 22nd, while Sherman was drawing his lines about Kennesaw mountain, Schofield sent Cox's division to hold the road. A sharp skirmish occurred with a body of Confederate cavalry, but the enemy was driven off and a position covering the two roads intrenched. That afternoon Reilly's brigade and the 23d Indiana battery were left to hold the works and the rest of the division moved up toward Marietta and took position on the right of Hascall's division near Kolb's house.


Cheney's Farm, Georgia, June 27, 1864. 3d Division, 23d Army Corps. Cameron's brigade crossed Olley's creek at daybreak and moved down the ridge to turn the enemy's position in front of Reilly, who with his Page 271 brigade occupied an intrenched position at Cheney's farm, and who was ordered to attack upon Cameron's approach. Reilly opened fire with the 15th and 23d Indiana batteries, after which he sent the 100th and 104th Ohio forward on the Atlanta road and the 112th Illinois and 16th Kentucky on a farm road across the creek and drove the Confederates out of their works. No casualties reported.


Cheneyville, Louisiana, May 18, 1863. Detachment of Weitzel's Cavalry. Brigadier-General Godfrey Weitzel, commanding the U. S. forces at Murdock's plantation, reported that he sent out two companies of cavalry against the pickets of Lane's Texans below Cheneyville and drove the outpost back upon the main body, capturing 2 prisoners without loss.


Cheneyville, Louisiana, May 20, 1863. U. S. Troops under General Weitzel. Early in the morning the Confederates attacked Weitzel's pickets near Murdock's plantation and drove them in. Colonel Bean, with the advance guard of infantry and cavalry, repulsed the attack and pursued the enemy some distance. About 2 miles from Cheneyville Major Robinson, who was in command of the cavalry in front, gave the order to halt, but Captain Barrett, with 17 men, continued to advance. After passing an old sugar house a party of about 150 of the enemy sprang out from the buildings and cut him off from the main body. Barrett made a dash for the Cheneyville bridge, intending to cross and come down the opposite bank, but at the bridge he ran into some 600 of the enemy and was compelled to surrender after 2 of his men were killed. This was the only Federal loss. The enemy lost 2 killed, 2 wounded and 2 captured.


Cheraw, South Carolina, February 28, 1865. 1st Division, 14th Army Corps. In the campaign of the Carolinas, when the army reached the Great Pedee river at Cheraw, it was found necessary to construct a pontoon bridge and build a mile or so of corduroy road before a crossing could be made. The road was built by a detail of the 53d Indiana, the men being protected while at the work by the 1st brigade of the division. When the bridge was completed the army crossed, the 1st division bringing up the rear and covering the movement. Butler's Confederate cavalry made a dash on the rear-guard about noon, but were held at bay until the guard was ordered to retire across the river and join the main column. A battery on the east side covered the crossing and kept back the enemy. No casualties reported.


Cheraw, South Carolina, March 3, 1865. 17th Army Corps. Incidental to the campaign in the Carolinas the corps entered Cheraw about noon on this date, the enemy retreating after a slight resistance across the Pedee river. A large number of guns and a quantity of ammunition were found here, having been sent from Charleston on the evacuation of that city. These were destroyed, as were the railroad trestles and bridges as far as Darlington.


Cheraw, South Carolina, March 5, 1865. Detachment of the 15th and 17th Army Corps. The detachment, commanded by Colonel Williams, of the 12th Indiana, was sent on an expedition to Florence. On the west side of Thompson's creek the enemy was encountered in considerable force, protected by a strong earthwork. By skilfully deploying his men Williams soon drove them from their position and succeeded in saving the bridge, which they fired in their retreat. He then drove them rapidly through Cheraw, using his artillery with splendid effect, and continued the pursuit to the Pedee river, capturing 25 pieces of field artillery, 16 caissons, 5,000 rounds of artillery ammunition, 20,000 rounds of infantry ammunition, 2,000 stands of small arms, 1,000 sabers, a locomotive, and stores of various kinds. Several thousand bales of cotton, etc., were destroyed. The enemy burned the bridge over the Pedee, having thoroughly saturated it with turpentine in anticipation of his being compelled to retreat. No casualties reported.


Cherokee Bay, Arkansas, May 8, 1864. 3d Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Captain Abijah Johns made a scout from Patterson, Missouri, in the direction of Poplar Bluff. Near Cherokee bay his advance discovered 75 or 80 of the enemy drawn up along the roadside in the brush and fired upon them. A return volley came promptly, but fortunately did no damage. Johns then charged with his main body, scattering them in all directions, killing 12 and wounding several others. The Union casualties were 1 man missing and 2 horses killed. The enemy was pursued for some time, but owing to the nature of the ground could not be overtaken. Cherokee County, Indian Territory, January 18, 1863.


Cherokee County, Indian Territory, December 4-12, 1863. Chief Stand Waitie, commanding the 1st Cherokee regiment (Confederate), in reporting an expedition he made through Cherokee county, mentions a skirmish with some Pin Indians at Manus on the 10th, and says that during the raid he killed 10 Pins and captured 3. Federal reports do not mention the affair.


Cherokee County, North Carolina, October 27, 1863. Bryson's Tennessee Cavalry. According to the reports of Confederate General C. L. Stevenson General Burnside sent Captain Goldman Bryson, with his company of cavalry belonging to the Tennessee national guard, to get in the Confederate rear. Stevenson says he sent General Vaughn, with a detachment of mounted men, to intercept him, and that in a skirmish near Murphy, North Carolina, Bryson was killed, 17 of his company captured, and the rest dispersed. The Federal reports make no mention of the affair.


Cherokee Station, Alabama, December 12, 1862. (See Corinth, Mississippi, Reconnaissance from, December 9-14, 1862.)


Cherokee Station, Alabama, April 17, 1863. (See Courtland, Expedition to:)


Cherokee Station, Alabama, October 21, 1863. 1st Division, 15th Army Corps. After the engagement at Barton's station on the 20th two companies of cavalry were left at Cane creek on picket duty, while the main body of the division, under Brigadier-General P. J. Osterhaus, occupied Cherokee Station. About noon on the 21st the officer commanding the picket notified General Osterhaus that he was hard pressed by a large mounted force of Confederates. The division was ordered to fall in at once, and part of the 2nd brigade and one section of the Missouri horse artillery were advanced to the support of the picket. One battalion of infantry was deployed on each side of the main road, while the remainder of the brigade was to follow in supporting distance. Simultaneously the 1st brigade and batteries were so placed that they could be thrown forward on either flank. When the advance had driven the enemy from the timber into an open field the entire 2nd brigade was ordered up, but while it was being formed the enemy made a desperate charge and regained the edge of the woods. The advantage was only temporary, however, as the brigade soon forced them again into the open. Thus forced back in front the Confederates now made an effort to turn the Union left, but it was promptly met by the 1st brigade, the 29th, 31st and part of the 12th Missouri infantry being quickly thrown into position to check the movement. The artillery was now called into action and soon dislodged the enemy from their position. Osterhaus then ordered a general advance, when the enemy retreated, followed for 5 miles by the Federals, who returned to camp when it became too dark to continue the pursuit. Casualties reported: 7 killed and 28 wounded.


Cherokee Station, Alabama, October 29, 1863. 1st Division, 15th Corps. On the 28th the division left Tuscumbia and marched toward Cherokee Station, Colonel Heath advancing toward the enemy's position, but finding that the Confederates had moved during the night, followed the command. Page 273 The enemy, discovering that they were not to be pursued, turned round, and on the 29th appeared in considerable force near Cherokee Station. General Osterhaus, commanding the division, protected his camp en echelon and tried to draw the Confederates within range, but was unable to do so. Desultory firing occurred at intervals during the day and toward evening the enemy fell back. No casualties reported.


Cherry Creek, Mississippi, July 10, 1864. 2nd Brigade, Cavalry Division, 16th Army Corps. On the Tupelo expedition the brigade, commanded by Colonel E. F. Winslow, was assigned to the advance on the morning of the 10th and moved out from New Albany at an early hour. Colonel Peters, with the 4th la., was in front and near Cherry creek became engaged in a skirmish with some of the enemy's cavalry. He was promptly supported by the rest of the brigade and the enemy retired with a loss of 1 man killed, 3 wounded, 1 horse captured and 10 stands of arms taken. No losses reported on the Union side. Cherry Grove, Missouri, June 26, 1862.


Cherry Grove, Missouri, July 1, 1862. Detachments Missouri Cavalry (Militia). Major F. W. Reeder, with the greater portion of the troops stationed at Hudson, Major Benjamin's battalion, and a part of Colonel McNeil's regiment, made a scout through Schuyler county. Near Cherry Grove the expedition came upon Porter's and Dunn's guerrillas and immediately gave chase. The pursuit continued to within 6 miles of the Iowa line, where they were overtaken and attacked. The guerrillas lost some 10 or 12 killed and about 25 wounded. Some of their horses, arms and equipments fell into the hands of the Federals. The Union loss was 1 severely and 2 slightly wounded, and 6 horses so badly disabled as to be unserviceable.


Cherry Grove, Virginia, April 14, 1864. (See Isle of Wight County.)


Cherry Run, West Virginia, December 25, 1861.


Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 1863. This was an incident of the Morgan raid. After Morgan's defeat at Buffington island on the 19th his command broke up into small parties and separated in an effort to reach the Ohio river. It was with one of these detachments that the skirmish occurred at Cheshire the following day. No detailed report of the action is to be found in the official records of the war.


Chesser's Store, Kentucky, October 9, 1862. (See Dog Walk, same date.) Chesterfield, South Carolina, March 2, 1865. 1st Division, 20th Army Corps. General Williams, commanding the 20th corps, ordered Brig-General New Jersey Jackson to push forward with his division at 6 a. m. on the 2nd, for the purpose of securing two bridges across Thompson's creek near Chesterfield. Two miles from the town Jackson's advance was arrested by a strong line of skirmishers behind a barricade of rails. The 5th Conn., and 141st New York were deployed and advanced on the double-quick, driving the Confederates from their position and back through the town, which was occupied by the entire corps that afternoon. No casualties reported.


Chesterfield, Steamer, August 2, 1863. (See Naval Volume.)


Chester Gap, Virginia, November 16, 1862. Chester Gap, Virginia, July 21-22, 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac. In the Gettysburg campaign the brigade, commanded by Colonel Gamble, was ordered to move to Chester gap and occupy it, if not already in possession of the enemy. Leaving Rectortown in the morning he covered the 20 miles with his command and at 3:30 was within a mile of the gap. Here he encountered the Confederate pickets, dismounted six squadrons as skirmishers, and forced the pickets back on the reserves at the crest. This reserve force proved to be Pickett's entire division, and as Gamble had no supports nearer than Rectortown, he fell back about a mile and a half to a position covering both roads leading from the gap, planted the guns of Heaton's battery Page 274 in position and threw out a strong line of pickets. At 8 a. m. the next day the pickets on the Sperryville road reported the enemy approaching in force. Dismounting part of his men and deploying them along the sides of the road, Gamble waited for the appearance of the enemy. When the head of the column came in sight the cannon and carbines opened fire so effectually that the enemy halted and then fell back out of range. Gamble held his position until 6 p. m., when the Confederates succeeded in getting a force of five regiments around to his left flank and drove in his skirmishers. He then fell back to Barbee's cross-roads. On the 2ist Gamble captured 23 prisoners, 84 horses, 12 mules, 654 beef cattle and 602 sheep. His loss during the two days was 1 killed, 8 wounded and 16 missing. The enemy's casualties were not ascertained. Chester Station, Virginia, May 6-7, 1864. (See Port Walthall, Junction.)


Chester Station, Virginia, May 10, 1864. Expedition against the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad. The expedition was made up of detachments of the 1st and 2nd brigades, 1st division, 10th corps; part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 18th corps, and consisted of the 6th and 7th Connecticut, 13th Indiana, 67th Ohio, and 169th New York infantry, and the 1st Conn, and 4th New Jersey batteries. The object was to destroy the railroad, and when the troops reached the vicinity of Chester Station they were divided into two wings. The left wing, commanded by Major O. S. Sanford of the 7th Connecticut, moved up the railroad toward Chester Station, where the 6th Conn, was engaged in tearing up the track, and remained there for about an hour, when orders came to join the other column on the turnpike below. Here the right wing, commanded by Colonel C. J. Dobbs of the 13th Indiana, had encountered a force of the enemy too large to overcome, and Dobbs sent back for reinforcements. In the meantime he formed line of battle with his own regiment on the left, the 169th New York on the right, one section of the 1st Conn, battery in front, supported by a detachment of the 67th Ohio, and awaited the onset. The enemy, with infantry, cavalry and artillery, advanced, and when they were within easy range Dobbs gave the command to fire. A tremendous volley from his entire line checked the Confederate advance and a second threw them into confusion, compelling them to retire for the purpose of reforming their lines. At this juncture Sanford arrived with the left wing and went into position with the 6th Conn, on the right of the road and the 7th on the left as supports to the advanced lines. Two companies of the 7th were sent forward to support a battery and the remainder of the regiment moved up to the top of the hill and opened fire on the enemy's left, driving them back to the woods. One of the guns of the 4th New Jersey battery was abandoned by the men and an effort to capture this piece was thwarted by this regiment, Sanford sending Lieutenant Barker with Company K to bring in the gun, which he did in the face of a galling fire. The 7th New Hampshire came up and went into position just as the enemy advanced again, having been reinforced, and again they were allowed to come within easy range, when they were greeted with a murderous fire from both artillery and infantry. This settled the contest. After a vain endeavor to rally the shattered ranks the Confederate officers gave up the attempt and sought the cover of the woods. General A. H. Terry, commanding the 1st division, 10th corps, arrived on the field after the action had begun, and during the latter part of the engagement directed the movements of the troops. He reported the Union loss as being 280 in killed, wounded and missing, and estimated that of the enemy as at least twice that number, some 50 prisoners remaining in the hands of the Federals. The number of Union troops engaged was about 3,400. The Confederate force consisted of Barton's, Grade's and Johnson's brigades of Ransom's division, and was estimated at 6,000.


Chester Station, Virginia, November 17, 1864. 209th Pennsylvania Volunteers.


Chewalla, Tennessee, October 3, 1862. 2nd Brigade, 6th Division, Army of West Tennessee. The division, commanded by Colonel John M. Oliver, was sent out from Corinth by General Rosecrans, to gather information regarding the movements of the enemy. On the morning of the 3d Oliver encountered the Confederate advance at Chewalla and fell back fighting all the way to Corinth. This action uncovered the position of the enemy and gave Rosecrans an opportunity to place his troops in position for the battle which followed.


Chewalla, Tennessee, October 5, 1862. (See Big Hill.) Chicamicomico, North Carolina, October 1-4, 1861. 20th Indiana Infantry and Transport Fanny. In the operations about Hatteras Inlet the 20th Indiana was stationed at Chicamicomico, or Loggerhead Inlet, some 40 miles north of Fort Hatteras. On the 1st the transport Fanny left the fort with supplies for the regiment. About 2:30 p. m. she came to anchor near her destination, a large flatboat came alongside and took off a load of supplies, tents, provisions, etc. Soon after this 3 Confederate vessels approached from the westward and opened fire at long range. Most of the crew went ashore in a boat, a white flag was run up and the vessel with the remainder of the stores was surrendered. The Confederates claim to have taken 50 prisoners. On the 4th an attack was made on the 20th Indiana. Of this affair Major-General John E. Wool said in his report: "In an attempt on the part of the rebels at Hatteras Inlet to cut off and capture the Indiana regiment, out of place, the enemy were completely defeated, and many killed and wounded." Chickahominy River, Virginia, June 27, 1862. This was the name given by the Confederates to the battle of Gaines' mill, one of the Seven Days' battles during the Peninsular campaign. (See Seven Days' Battles.)


Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863. Army of the Cumberland. At the battle of Chickamauga the Union forces, commanded by Major-General William S. Rosecrans, were organized as follows: the 14th corps, Major-General George H. Thomas, was made up of the four divisions of Baird, Negley, Brannan and Reynolds; the 20th corps, Major-General Alexander D. McCook, consisted of the three divisions of Davis, Johnson and Sheridan; the 21st corps, Major-General Thomas L. Crittenden, included the divisions of Wood, Palmer and Van Cleve; the reserve corps, Major-General Gordon Granger, was made up of the divisions of Steedman and Daniel McCook; the cavalry corps, Brigadier-General Robert B. Mitchell, embraced the divisions of Colonel Edward M. McCook and Brigadier-General George Crook. The effective strength of the entire Army of the Cumberland was slightly less than 60,000 men of all arms. The Confederate army, commanded by General Braxton Bragg, was divided into the right and left wings. The right, commanded by Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk, was composed of Cheatham's division of Polk's corps; Lieutenant-General D. H. Hill's corps, consisting of Cleburne's and Breckenridge's divisions; the reserve corps, Major-General W. H. T. Walker, including the divisions of Walker and Liddell. The left, commanded by Lieutenant-General James Longstreet, embraced Hindman's division of Polk's corps; Longstreet's corps, commanded by Major-General John B. Hood, and consisting of the divisions of Hood and McLaws; Buckner's corps, Major-General Simon B. Buckner, including the divisions of Stewart, Preston and Bushrod Johnson; Wheeler's cavalry, including the divisions of Wharton and Martin; and Forrest's cavalry, consisting of the divisions of Armstrong and Pegram. The total strength of the army was not far from 72,000 men. For several days prior to the engagement both armies had been maneuvering for position. Several attempts had been made by Bragg to cut off and destroy detachments of the Union army, but they had. failed, either because of the tardiness of his officers in executing his Page 276 orders, or because the movements were discovered by the Federal commanders in time to thwart the designs. On the 17th McCook's corps was in McLemore's cove, between Stevens' and Dug gaps, with the remainder of the army in easy supporting distance. For the first time since the crossing of the Tennessee river the Federal forces were in position where they could be quickly concentrated. And it was well that such was the case, for Bragg, having failed to strike the army in detail, was contemplating a movement in force against Rosecrans. The 17th was occupied by him in getting his troops in position along the east bank of the Chickamauga. Wheeler, with his two divisions of cavalry, was to make a feint against the troops at McLemore's cove, while Forrest was to cover the right and front to prevent the Federals from gaining knowledge of Bragg's intentions and preparations. Bushrod Johnson's brigade came up from Ringgold and was 'assigned to a position at Reed's bridge, on the extreme right of the line. Walker's corps, about 6,000 strong, took position at Alexander's bridge on Johnson's left. Next in order came Buckner's corps, which was stationed near Tedford's ford. Then came Polk's corps, drawn up opposite Lee & Gordon's mills, with Hill on the extreme left. Late in the day two brigades came up from Mississippi and were united with Johnson's, thus forming a division of three brigades at Reed's bridge. That evening Bragg issued his orders for the whole line to move at 6 o'clock the next morning, cross the Chickamauga, and advance on the Federal position. His plan was for Johnson to cross at Reed's bridge, strike the Union left and force it back toward Lee & Gordon's mills, the other portions of the line to cross in succession and continue the assault from right to left, constantly pressing the Federals on the left and rear. The plan was well conceived, but, as frequently happens in war, a series of unforeseen occurrences prevented its successful execution. When Johnson began his forward movement on the morning of the 18th he was so delayed by the stubborn resistance of Minty's and Wilder's cavalry that it was 3 p. m. before he gained possession of the bridge. In the meantime Hood had arrived on the field and was assigned to command the division, which was further strengthened by the addition of three brigades belonging to Longstreet's corps. As soon as the bridge was gained Hood rushed his troops across and swept southward to the point where Walker was to cross and resume the assault. The Federal cavalry had been engaged throughout the forenoon in making an extended reconnaissance along the entire front and had developed the enemy's position. Finding Walker about to cross at Alexander's bridge, Wilder massed his brigade of mounted infantry at that point and, after a sharp skirmish, succeeded in destroying the bridge. This compelled Walker to cross at Byram's ford several hours behind schedule time. It was 5 p. m. before Hood had reached a position where he could menace Wilder's flank, and the latter retired toward Gordon's mills. Night fell with only about one-tenth of Bragg's army across the Chickamauga, and again his plans had failed. The fighting at the two bridges, in connection with the reconnaissance, had so far indicated the Confederate plan of operations as to cause a radical change in the position of the Union troops. At 4 p. m. Thomas concentrated his corps at Crawfish Spring, where he received orders to move northward to the Chattanooga and Lafayette road and take up a position at or near Kelly's farm. He arrived there about daylight on the 19th and stationed his command to cover the roads leading to Reed's and Alexander's bridge?. The morning of the 19th, therefore, found the Union army with its right resting at Crawfish Spring, where the left had been on the preceding day, while the left was several miles north. prepared to contest the possession of the road, which Bragg had hoped Page 277 to occupy without opposition, thus giving him an easy line of march to the Federal rear. The battle was opened on the 19th by Thomas. Colonel Daniel McCook, whose brigade had been stationed during the night on the road leading to Reed's bridge, reported . the destruction of the bridge about 4 a. m., and that the only force of the enemy he could discover on the west side of the stream was one brigade, which might be cut off. Thomas ordered Brannan to send forward two brigades for this purpose, and to support Baird with the rest of his division. About 10 a. m. Croxton's brigade became engaged with Forrest's cavalry, gradually forcing him back for about half a mile upon two brigades of infantry—Wilson's and Ector's—who raised the "rebel yell" and in turn forced Croxton to retire until Baird came to his support, when the Confederates were again driven for some distance, a number of prisoners being taken. This action of Croxton's brought on the battle of Chickamauga before the Confederate troops' were in the positions assigned them. It also gave Bragg the first knowledge of the fact that his right was overlapped by the Union left, and that his flank was in danger of being turned by Thomas. Hurriedly changing his plans he halted Walker, who was marching toward Lee & Gordon's mills, and ordered him to make all possible speed to the relief of the right wing. Croxton's men had almost exhausted their ammunition and were moved to the rear to renew the supply. Baird's and Brannan's divisions were then united and after some severe fighting drove Walker from their front. Baird had halted to readjust his line, when he was struck on the flank by Liddell's division, and two brigades—Scribner's and King's—were thrown into disorder and their batteries captured by the enemy. Just at this juncture R. W. Johnson's and Reynolds' divisions arrived and were immediately formed on the right of Baird. As soon as they were in position the line advanced, attacking Liddell on the flank and rear, driving him back for a mile and a half, while Brannan's men met him in front and recaptured the guns taken from Baird's brigades, the recapture being effected by the 9th Ohio at the point of the bayonet. Cheatham's division was then rushed to the support of Liddell, but Thomas had also been strongly reinforced and the Confederates were driven back upon their reserves, now posted along the west bank of the Chickamauga between Reed's and Alexander's bridges. This was followed by a lull of about an hour in which Brannan and Baird were posted in a position on the road leading from Reed's bridge to the Lafayette road north of Kelly's and ordered to hold it to the last extremity. About 3 p. m. a furious assault was made on Reynolds' right and Brannan's division was sent to his assistance, Croxton's brigade arriving just in time to check the enemy in an effort to turn Reynolds' flank and gain his rear. Again Thomas reformed his line and about 5 o'clock the enemy assaulted first Johnson and then Baird, but both attacks were repulsed with considerable loss to the assailants. This ended the fighting for the day. On the evening of the 19th Rosecrans met his corps commanders in council at the house of Mrs. Glenn, and the plans for the next day's battle were arranged. Thomas was to maintain his present position, holding the road to Rossville, with Brannan's division in reserve. Davis' division of the 20th corps was to close on Thomas' right, and Sheridan's division was to form the extreme right of the line. Crittenden was to have two divisions in reserve near the junction of Thomas' and McCook's lines, ready to reinforce either as circumstances might require. Davis and Sheridan were to maintain their pickets until they were driven in by the enemy. The reserve corps, under Granger, and the cavalry were to keep open the line of communications to Chattanooga. The Confederate line was also somewhat rearranged. Beginning at the right it was made up of the divisions of Breckenridge, Cleburne, Cheatham and Page 278 Walker, the last two being in reserve. The left wing began with Stewart's division, which touched Cleburne' left, followed in order by Johnson and Hindman. Hood was in reserve behind Johnson, Preston was in reserve on the extreme left, and Humphrey and Kershaw, who had come up during the night, were also held in reserve. Longstreet arrived about 11 p. m. on the 19th and assumed command of the left wing. Although Bragg had failed to accomplish his ends on the 18th and 19th. he still adhered to his original plan of successive attacks from right to left, in an effort to force the Union army up the valley. Orders were accordingly issued for Breckenridge's division to attack at dawn on the 20th, his assault to be followed rapidly by the other divisions throughout the entire length of the line, but constantly forcing back the Federal left until the road to Chattanooga was in possession of the Confederates. Before daylight Bragg was in the saddle near the center of his line, anxiously waiting for the sound of Breckenridge's guns. The morning dawned red and sultry, with a dense fog hanging over the battle-field. During the night the Union troops had thrown up temporary breastworks of rails, logs, etc., behind which a line of determined men awaited the onset. Eight o'clock came and still no attack. Bragg then rode to the right and found the troops unprepared for an advance. All the energy possible was exerted to begin the action, but it was 9:30 before Breckenridge moved. Cleburne followed fifteen minutes later and the fight was on. At 2 a. m. Thomas had received word from Baird that his left did not rest on the road to Reed's bridge, as it was intended to do, and that to reach the road he would have to weaken his line. Thomas immediately sent a request to headquarters for Negley's division to be sent to the left to extend the line to the road, and received the assurance that the request would be granted. At 7 a. m. Negley was not in position and Thomas sent one of his staff to hasten him forward and to point out the ground he was to occupy. About the same time Rosecrans rode along the line and personally ordered Negley to lose no time in joining Thomas, at the same time directing McCook to relieve Negley and close up his line more compactly. Upon reaching the left of the line Rosecrans became convinced that the attack would begin on that flank, saw the importance of holding the road, and again rode back to hurry Negley's movements. The division then moved to the left with Beatty's brigade in advance, and Rosecrans directed Crittenden to move Wood's division to the front to fill the gap in the line caused by Negley's removal. The assault of Breckenridge fell mainly on Beatty's brigade soon after it was in position on the left, and it was driven back in confusion. Several regiments of Johnson's division, with Vanderveer's and Stanley's brigades, hurled themselves into the breach. checked the advance of the enemy and finally drove him entirely from Baird's flank and rear. Immediately following the opening attack the Confederate line advanced, striking Johnson, Palmer and Reynolds in quick succession. But, from behind their improvised fortifications, the Federals met the assaults with a bravery and determination seldom equalled on the field of battle. Fresh troops were hurried forward by Bragg, who now made a desperate effort to drive in the center and turn Thomas' right. Again and again the Confederates advanced in the face of that merciless fire and each time they were repulsed with fearful slaughter. Finding all his efforts in this direction futile, Bragg fell back to his old position. About 11 a. m. Wood received an order from headquarters to "close up on Reynolds as fast as possible, and support him." In the execution of this order a gap was left in the line, which Davis undertook to close with his reserve brigade. But Longstreet had observed the break in the Page 279 line and was quick to take advantage of it. Before Davis could get his reserves into position the divisions of Stewart, Hood, Kershaw, Johnson and Hindman came rushing through the opening, sweeping everything before them, while Preston's division pressed forward to the support of the assailants. McCook vainly endeavored to check the impetuous charge of Longstreet's men with the three brigades of Heg, Carlin and Laiboldt, but they were as chaff before the wind. He then ordered Walworth and Lytle to change front and assist in repelling the assault. For a time these two contended against an overwhelming force, temporarily checking the enemy in their immediate front. But the Confederates, constantly increasing in numbers, succeeded in turning the left of these two brigades and they were forced to retire to avoid being surrounded. In this part of the engagement General Lytle was killed and Hood seriously wounded. Wilder and Harrison joined their commands with that of Sheridan to aid in resisting the fierce attack, but a long line of the enemy was advancing on Sheridan's right and he was compelled to withdraw to the Dry Valley road in order to save his command. Subsequently he moved toward Rossville and effected a junction with Thomas' left on the Lafayette road. In his report Rosecrans says: "Thus Davis' two brigades, one of Van Cleve's, and Sheridan's entire division were swept from the field, and the remainder, consisting of the divisions of Baird, Johnson, Reynolds, Brannan, and Wood, two of Negley's brigades and one of Van Cleve's, were left to sustain the conflict against the whole power of the rebel army, which, desisting from pursuit on the right, concentrated their whole efforts to destroy them." This tells the situation. Not only were the troops on the right driven from the field, but several thousand men were made prisoners, 40 pieces of artillery and a large number of wagon trains fell into the hands of the enemy. When McCook's forces were compelled to fall back in confusion they were not pursued. Instead, Longstreet reversed the order of battle, and when Stewart's division reached the Lafayette road it became the pivot upon which the left wing turned to the right instead of to the left, with the intention of crushing the forces under Thomas. At 11 a. m. Granger and his chief of staff were seated on the top of a hay-rick at Rossville. Through his glass Granger could see the clouds of smoke, constantly increasing in volume, while the sounds of the battle grew louder every moment. Scanning the road to the south he saw that no attack was likely to be made on his position, and rightly surmising that the whole Confederate strength was being massed against Thomas, he said to his chief: "I am going to Thomas, orders or no orders." Sliding off the hay-rick he hurriedly directed Dan McCook to station his brigade at McAfee Church, to cover the Ringgold and Lafayette roads, then went to Steedman and ordered him to take his command "over there." pointing toward "Horseshoe Ridge," where Thomas was making his last stand. Along the crest of this ridge Thomas had placed Wood's and Brannan's divisions, while on the spurs to the rear was posted his artillery. If Wood had inadvertently brought about the disaster by the withdrawal of his division, causing the gap in the line, he now retrieved himself. From 1 p. m. until nightfall he bravely held his portion of the ridge, repulsing several obstinate and determined attacks of the enemy. One of these attacks was made by Bitshrod Johnson, who reformed his line on a ridge running nearly at right angles to the one on which Brannan and Wood were posted. Longstreet reinforced Johnson with the divisions of Hindman and Kershaw, the object being a movement in force against the Federal right and rear. Just at this critical moment Granger and Steedman arrived and reported to Thomas, who ordered them into position on Brannan's Page 280 right. Granger then ordered a charge on the Confederate lines. Steedman seized the colors of a regiment and led the way. Inspired by the example of their commander the men hurled themselves upon the enemy and after twenty minutes of hot fighting drove him from the ridge, which was held by Steedman until 6 p. m., when he fell back under orders. The arrival of Granger's troops was a great advantage to Thomas in another way. By some mistake the latter's ammunition train had been ordered back to Chattanooga at the time the Union right was routed, and the supply was running low, when the arrival of Granger with about 100,000 rounds put new courage into the men as it was distributed among them. To add to the supply the troops went among the dead and gathered all they could from the cartridge boxes of their fallen comrades and foes alike. Toward the close of the day the order was given to husband the ammunition and use the bayonet as much as possible. Some of the late charges of the Confederates were repulsed with the "cold steel" alone. The gallant stand of Thomas, and the generalship he displayed in holding Horseshoe ridge in the face of superior numbers, won for him the significant sobriquet of the "Rock of Chickamauga." When Longstreet broke the Union line at noon Rosecrans himself was caught in the rout. Believing that his army was doomed to certain defeat, he went to Chattanooga to provide for the security of his bridges and, as he says in his report, "to make preliminary dispositions either to forward ammunition and supplies, should we hold our ground, or to withdraw the troops into good position." The first official intelligence that Thomas had of the unfortunate occurrence on the right was about 4 p. m., when General Garfield, Rosecrans' chief of staff, arrived from Rossville. Notwithstanding the disheartening news, Thomas decided to hold his position until nightfall, if possible. The remaining ammunition was distributed and instructions given to his division commanders to be ready to move promptly when orders to that effect were issued. At 5 .30 Reynolds received the order to begin the movement. Thomas himself went forward to point out the ground he wanted Reynolds to occupy and form a line to cover the withdrawal of the other troops. While passing through a strip of timber bordering the Lafayette road Thomas met two soldiers, who had been in search of water, and who informed him that a large body of the enemy was drawn up in line in the woods just in front, advancing toward the Union lines. Reynolds was ordered to change the head of his column to the left, with his right resting on the road, and charge the enemy. At the same time the artillery opened a converging fire from both right and left, while Turchin made a dashing charge with his brigade, utterly routing the Confederates and driving them clear beyond Baird's position on the left, capturing over 200 prisoners. Robinson's and Willich's brigades were then posted in positions to cover the retirement of the troops, the former on the road leading through the ridge, and the latter on the ridge to the right. Wood. Brannan and Granger fell back without molestation, but Baird, Johnson and Palmer were attacked as they were drawing back to their lines. This attack was made by L. E. Polk's division, but by this time it had become too dark to move with certainty, and in advancing the Confederate line was changed so that it formed an acute angle, the troops firing into each other. The withdrawal from the field was accomplished with such precision and quietness that it was not discovered by Bragg until after sunrise the following morning. Thomas took up a position in the vicinity of Rossville and remained there during the 21st, retiring to Chattanooga that night. Bragg's army had been so severely punished in the two days' fighting that he was disinclined to continue the conflict. Some desultory Page 281 skirmishing occurred on the 21st, but no general movement was undertaken. The Union losses in the battle of Chickamauga, according to the official reports, were 1,657 killed, 9,756 wounded, and 4,757 missing. The Confederate losses, as given in "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," amounted to 2,389 killed, 13,412 wounded, and 2,003 missing.


Chickamauga Creek, Georgia, January 30 and May 3, 1864.


Chickamauga Station, Georgia, November 26, 1863. 15th Army Corps, and 2nd Division of the 14th Army Corps. The Confederate army under Bragg was routed at Missionary ridge on the 25th. At 5 o'clock the next morning the 15th corps, commanded by General O. O. Howard, crossed Chickamauga creek near its mouth and started in pursuit. Two hours later he was joined by Davis' division of the 14th corps, which took the advance. About noon Davis' advance began skirmishing with the enemy's rear-guard near Chickamauga Station. The 15th corps promptly moved up and the Confederates beat a hasty retreat. No report of killed and wounded was made, but the Federals captured 2 large siege guns, 1,000 bushels of corn, 10 pontoons and a large quantity of flour. General Sherman joined the command at this point and the pursuit was continued.


Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi, December 27-28, 1862. (See Chickasaw Bluffs.)


Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, December 27-29, 1862. Right Wing, Army of the Tennessee. Early in the war the Federal administration took steps to seize and keep open the Mississippi river. Island No. 10 on the north, New Orleans, with Forts Philip and Jackson, on the south had been taken by the Union forces in the spring of 1862, and toward the close of that year an expedition was planned against Vicksburg, which was the key-point to the possession of the river. The movement against Chickasaw bluffs, with the preliminary skirmishes around Chickasaw bayou, was a part of this expedition, and was under command of Major- General W. T. Sherman. His forces, the right wing of the Army of the Tennessee, consisted of the divisions of A. J. Smith, Morgan L. Smith, George W. Morgan and Frederick Steele, numbering about 32,000 men, with ten batteries. The first three divisions left Memphis on transports on the 20th. and were joined by Steele at Helena, Arkansas Milliken's bend was reached on the 25th, and here Burbridge's brigade of A. J. Smith's division was sent to destroy the Vicksburg & Shreveport railroad, in order to cut the line of supplies to Vicksburg. This work was well done, and Burbridge rejoined the main body on the 27th. Meantime the transports proceeded on to the mouth of the Yazoo river and ascended that stream for some 13 miles, where a landing was made at Johnson's plantation, opposite the mouth of Steele's bayou, on the 26th. Sherman's object was to move so rapidly and quietly as to surprise the Confederates at Vicksburg, carry Walnut hills, or Chickasaw bluffs, and establish a base of supplies near Haynes' bluff. Then he would either take Vicksburg. or, if not strong enough for that, cut the railroad communications between Vicksburg and Jackson and hold his position on the Yazoo until Grant could join him with the rest of the Army of the Tennessee. The Confederate commanders at Vicksburg were kept fully informed of Sherman's movements through their spies in Memphis and at various points along the river, making a surprise impossible. Unaware of this condition of affairs, Sherman sent forward De Courcy's, Stuart's and Blair's brigades to reconnoiter, and formed his army in four columns for a general advance. On the right was A. J. Smith's division, which was to follow the main road toward Vicksburg; next was M. L. Smith, who was to strike the Chickasaw bayou near the head of McNutt lake; Morgan, with Blair's brigade of Steele's division, was Page 282 to strike the bayou some distance from the mouth and ascend along the left bank, while the remainder of Steele's division was to form the extreme left, on the opposite side of the bayou from Morgan. The head of each column soon encountered the Confederate pickets and, with slight skirmishing, drove them back toward Vicksburg. Night came on before the high ground was reached, and during the darkness the ground in front was reconnoitered as well as possible. Early on the morning of the 28th a general advance was made as far as a bayou, which could be crossed at only two places, and these were well guarded by the enemy's sharp-shooters. On the opposite side of this bayou was a piece of elevated ground, covered with rifle-pits and batteries, while just back of it were the bluffs, where the enemy had his strongest line of defences. Along the foot of the bluffs ran the wagon road leading from Vicksburg to Yazoo City, giving the Confederates excellent advantages for shifting their artillery to any point to meet an attempt to cross the bayou. On the other hand, the movements of the Union troops had to be made on sandy or marshy ground, in some places so miry that it was almost impossible to move the artillery. Steele reached Thompson's lake to find the only means of crossing a long, narrow causeway, covered by a battery that could easily pour an enfilading fire into his ranks should he attempt the crossing. After skirmishing nearly all the forenoon he reported the situation to Sherman, who ordered him back to the boats to cross over and support Morgan's division. M. L. Smith struck the bayou at a point where there was a narrow sandbar covered with abatis, and on the opposite side a system of rifle-pits and earthworks that checked his progress. While reconnoitering here Smith was severely wounded and General Stuart assumed command of the division. He disposed his forces so as to cross as soon as he heard Morgan begin the engagement on his left. Morgan had the only pontoons with the expedition, and was on the best ground of any of the four columns. During the night of the 27th Morgan threw his pontoons across an old bayou, supposing it to be Lake McNutt, but when he advanced the next morning discovered there was a natural crossing over the lake. He was therefore in the best position to advance of any of the divisions, and when Steele came to his support on the 29th Sherman ordered him to cross the lake and carry the works to the top of the hill by a determined assault. Meantime A. J. Smith on the right had advanced as far as the bayou, where he ordered Burbridge's brigade to construct rafts and cross under cover of the artillery. Landram's brigade, of this division, occupied a strong position on the main road, with pickets and skirmishers pushed forward into the abatis within less than a mile of the enemy's forts and within plain view of Vicksburg. Sherman's plan for the 29th was to make a determined assault on the Confederate center near the head of Chickasaw bayou, and having accomplished a break in the line to turn the left toward Drumgould's bluff, near the Yazoo river, or the right toward Vicksburg, which ever promised the greatest success. At the same time A. J. Smith was to keep up a vigorous demonstration on the road to Vicksburg, to create the impression that the city was the objective point, and prevent the enemy from concentrating his strength against Morgan in the center. Just at noon the signal for the attack was given. De Courcy's brigade, of Morgan's division, moved forward promptly, crossed the lake, and in the face of a murderous fire advanced rapidly over the sloping ground to the foot of the bluffs. Blair's and Thayer's brigades, of Steele's division, immediately started in support of De Courcy. The former crossed the lake near its junction with the bayou and, like De Courcy, reached the foot of the bluffs through a hot fire. Thayer took a wrong direction and only one regiment of his brigade arrived at the scene of the struggle. Page 283 Sherman sent word to A. J. Smith to push his demonstration and threaten the enemy's left. The 6th Missouri was thrown forward, crossed the bayou, but found it impossible to ascend the bank on the other side. This regiment was compelled to hug the bank to keep out of range of the guns on the summit, and here it remained until after dark. When De Courcy and Blair found themselves unsupported in their gallant assault on the enemy's main line of works, they saw it was useless to continue the fight in the face of the terrible odds that confronted them. Literally cut to pieces by front and cross fire they fell back about 3 p. m. and recrossed the levee. During the night the Union forces remained in front of the Confederate works, lying on the marshy ground in the midst of a driving rain, with no shelter but their blankets, expecting to be called on to renew the assault the next morning. Sherman visited Admiral Porter on his flag-boat and arranged for an attack on the Confederate right at Drumgould's bluff. The plan was to embark 10,000 troops immediately after dark on the 31st, move up the Yazoo under the protection of the gunboats, make a landing before daylight and carry the batteries by storm. As soon as Sherman heard the guns at the bluff he was to begin a vigorous assault on the center to prevent the right from being reinforced. Steele's division and Burbridge's brigade were accordingly embarked, but after midnight a dense fog arose and Porter deemed it unsafe to make the attempt. It was then proposed to postpone the movement to the next night, but upon discovering that the moon did not set on the morning of January 2 until nearly 6 o'clock, and that the landing would therefore have to be made in daylight, the plan was abandoned. The troops were reembarked on the transports on the 2nd and the vessels dropped down to the mouth of the Yazoo, where Sherman met Major-General J. A. McClernand and turned over to him the command of the expedition. The failure of the attempt on Chickasaw bluffs was due in a great measure to Grant's inability to carry out his part of the plan to advance by way of Grenada and attack the Confederates in the rear. The Union losses in the several skirmishes along the bayou and the assault on the works were 208 killed, 1,005 wounded and 563 missing. General Pemberton reported the Confederate losses as being 63 killed, 134 wounded and 10 missing.


Chickasawha Bridge, Mississippi, December to. 1861. Troops of Davidson's Expedition against the Mobile & Ohio Railroad. As an incident of the raid of Brigadier-General John W. Davidson into Mississippi and Louisiana to cut the Mobile & Ohio railroad, a portion of his force crossed the Pascagoula river at Chickasawha bridge and charged the enemy. After a short but sanguinary fight the Federal troops were repulsed and retired across the river. The Union loss was 2 killed and 8 wounded.


Childsbury, Virginia, May 9, 1864. 6th Ohio and 1st New Jersey; Sheridan's raid.


Chimneys, Virginia, September 10, 1864. 3d Division, 2nd Army Corps. The Chimneys was a point on the Confederate lines near the Jerusalem plank road south of Petersburg, near two redoubts which the soldiers had named "Fort Hell" and "Fort Damnation." Brigadier-General Gershom Mott, commanding the 3d division, submitted a plan, which was approved by the commanding general, to drive the enemy from his rifle-pits in front of the Chimneys, and at midnight on the 9th massed his troops for that purpose. At 1 a. m. on the 10th the 20th Indiana, under Lieutenant-Colonel Meikel, made a rush and carried the rifle-pits, capturing about prisoners. The 2nd U. S. sharpshooters then advanced and perfected the connection between the captured pits and the Federal lines. Colonel Biles, with the 99th Pennsylvania, on the right of the plank road, became confused in the darkness and occupied a line somewhat in advance of the one intended, held it Page 284 until daybreak, when he was forced to retire with some loss. The Union casualties were 8 killed, 14 wounded and 59 missing. Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona Territory, September 8-9, 1863. Detachment 5th California Infantry. Captain J. H. Whitlock, under date of September 12, 1863, sends the following report: "On the 8th I found them (the Indians) in force. A very spirited fight of about 15 minutes, and occasional shots for as much longer, ensued, in which I had one man and my guide severely wounded, and one horse mortally wounded. I routed them and destroyed their campooda. On the 9th some of my skirmishers met some scattering Indians and exchanged a few shots."


Chisolm's Island, South Carolina, December 17, 1861. U. S. Troops under Lieut Porter. Brigadier-General Isaac I. Stevens reports the following engagement on Chisolm's Island: "In pursuance of my directions Lieutenant Porter 8th Michigan, took a party last evening across the Coosaw river, and surprised a picket on Chisolm's island. I found an intelligent negro as guide. The party started at 9:30 o'clock, crossed the Coosaw, got in the rear of the picket, attacked it, and took the whole party of 6, prisoners. Two were wounded."


Choctaw Bayou, Louisiana, April 28, 1863. Detachment of 9th Division, 13th Army Corps. During the expedition to Hard Times landing, Colonel James Keigwin, commanding this detachment, discovered that Major Isaac F. Harrison with the Confederate troops under his command had left the main road to Hard Times landing and taken position where Choctaw bayou empties into Lake Bruin. Two parties of cavalry were unable to dislodge the enemy from the position he had taken, so Keigwin with his main column left the road, fearing that should he leave Harrison undisturbed he would destroy the bridges which the Federal forces had just completed. The enemy had 4 pieces of artillery on the point of land where the bayou makes a right angle with the lake. Skirmishers were deployed and one of the two pieces of artillery was posted on the bank of the lake where it had good range; the other was in an open field After an hour's fighting the Confederates withdrew. No casualties were reported on either side.


Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, October 7-November 9. 1863. Christiana, Tennessee, March 6, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 20th Army Corps. The brigade, commanded by Colonel Hans C. Heg of the 15th Wisconsin, moved out from camp near Murfreesboro at 7 a. m. on the Shelbyville pike. About 8 miles from Murfreesboro the enemy's pickets were driven in. At the house of a Captain Newman the Confederate cavalry dismounted and vainly endeavored to check the Federal advance After retreating for some distance the enemy again made a stand, this time along the crest of a high, rocky bluff not far from Christiana, posting his artillery. Heg doubled his skirmishers, pushed them forward, and after a sharp fight the Confederates were again forced from their position, the Union troops occupying the ridge. The enemy drew his artillery back some distance on the pike and continued to fire on the Federals, but Woodbury's 2nd Minnesota battery was brought up and quickly silenced the guns. Heg reported 1 man mortally wounded, which wa3 his only casualty. The enemy's loss was not learned.


Christiana, Tennessee, June 24, 1863. 3d Brigade, 3d Division, 20th Army Corps, and 3d Division, 14th Army Corps. This engagement was a series of skirmishers' fights. While on the march from Murfreesboro to Shelbyville the fighting commenced early and continued until the 3d brigade, 3d division, 20th corps, reached Christiana. About 2 p. m. the 3d division of the 14th corps relieved the troops of the 20th, and continued the skirmishing. The enemy used' some artillery, but the Federals refrained from bringing their pieces into action, preferring to conceal the strength of their force. No casualties were reported.


Christiana, Tennessee, October 5, 1863. 85th Indiana Infantry. On Monday, October 5, a Confederate force under Colonel Harrison appeared at Christiana and demanded of Captain James E. Brant, commanding the post, the surrender of the garrison, consisting of nearly 50 men. Brant at first refused to accede to the summons, but finally yielded upon being informed that the enemy had 2 pieces of artillery ready to open fire should he refuse. The Confederates remained in the town about an hour and retired after having burned the water tank, pump, warehouse and 2 cars loaded with forage.


Christiana, Tennessee, December 12, 1864. (See Murfreesboro, same date.)


Christiansburg, Kentucky, July 1, 1863. On July 1, 1863, General Burnside, then at Cincinnati, received the following message from A. C. Simpson at Louisville: "The rebel T. H. Hines and his party of 10 or 12 men captured the passenger train on the Louisville & Lexington railroad at Christianburg, 15 miles this side of Frankfort, this morning at 8:30 o'clock. He burned the baggage, one passenger car, and cut the telegraph lines. If there are any mounted men at Frankfort they should be sent after him, and at once. He is supposed to have gone to Owen county." A reward of $1,000 was offered for the capture of Hines. Chuckatuck, Virginia, April 22, 1863. Lieutenant Cushing, with 90 men and a howitzer, went ashore from one of the gunboats and advanced on the village of Chuckatuck, where a large force of Confederate cavalry was reported to be. He encountered 40 cavalry at the village and in a short but sharp skirmish defeated them, killing 2 and capturing 3 horses. His own loss was 1 man killed.


Chuckatuck, Virginia, May 3, 1863. U. S. Troops under Major Hiram B. Crosby. On Sunday morning, May 3, Major" Crosby, with the 21st Conn. infantry, a section of the 4th Wisconsin battery, and 10 men of the 1st New York mounted rifles, crossed the Nansemond river and marched on Chuckatuck. Half a mile beyond the river the Federal skirmishers encountered the enemy's pickets and drove them steadily back. When half a mile from the town a Confederate cavalry force was seen drawn up in line, but it was soon dispersed by the battery and retired to the farther side of the village. This position was not held long, however. The Union troops then passed through the village and up the Everett's Bridge road, for a distance of 50 rods, where the enemy's cavalry was again met and repulsed. The Reed's Ferry road was then taken, a sharp but short skirmish occurring near the west branch, the Union troops capturing 16 men. Bivouac was made that night on the Nansemond. The Federal casualties were 1 killed and 2 wounded. (See Suffolk.) Chulahoma, Mississippi, November 30, 1862.


Chunky Creek, Mississippi, February 14, 1864. 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 17th Army Corps. As an incident of the Meridian expedition this brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General M. F. Force, surprised Wirt Adams' brigade, the rear-guard of General S. D. Lee's command, while the men were at breakfast near Chunky's station on the morning of the 14th. A slight skirmish occurred, in which the Confederates were driven across Chunky creek with some loss. Force then burned 7 wagons that he had captured, 3 railroad trestles and a warehouse filled with cotton, and destroyed the track of the Vicksburg & Meridian railroad for several hundred yards. The Union casualties were 3 men wounded.


Chustenahlah, Indian Territory, December 26, 1861. Creek and Seminole Indians in U. S. Service. A Confederate force of 1,380, including a number of Cherokee Indians, attacked a combined force of Creeks and Seminoles. After a fight lasting nearly the whole day the latter were driven from the field. The only mention of the engagement is made in Confederate reports, which state that upwards of 250 of the Union force engaged were killed. The Confederate loss was 9 killed and 40 wounded.


Chusto-Talasah, Indian Territory, December 9, 1861. Indians in U. S. Service. This engagement was an attack by the combined Confederate force of Indians and whites, resulting in the defeat of the Federal forces. The only reports of the affair are Confederate, which state that their loss was 10 killed and 21 wounded; that 27 Union dead were found on the field, and 200 or 300 were wounded.


Cincinnati, Arkansas, November 6, 1864. Detachments of 2nd Arkansas and 8th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. As an incident of an expedition from Springfield, Missouri, to Fort Smith, Arkansas, the Federal command passed through Cincinnati and had several skirmishes with small squads of Major Buck Brown's command. Seven Confederates were killed, 1 wounded and 1 taken prisoner.


Cincinnati, U. S. S., May 27, 1863. Charles A. Dana, special commissioner of the War Department, reported from Vicksburg, Mississippi, on the 28th: "The gunboat Cincinnati was disabled yesterday in a sharp engagement with the enemy's upper water battery, on Steele's front. She was compelled by discharges of grape to close her bow port-holes, and in endeavoring to get away swung her stern around toward the battery, when she was so badly hit that her commander ran her ashore, and she sank in shoal water. Some 20 odd lives were lost. She may be raised and saved."


Circleville, Virginia, February 21, 1864. Detachments of 2nd Massachusetts and 16th New York Cavalry. This command on a raiding expedition met 70 of Mosby's men at Circleville post office. A brisk fight ensued, in which the Confederates were routed. Captain J. S. Reed commanded the Federal force.


City Belle (Transport), May 3, 1864. 120th Ohio Infantry. Lieutenant -Com. K. R. Breese of the fleet operating jointly with the army in the Red river campaign states in a report that the transport City Belle was captured and destroyed by the Confederates 30 miles above Fort de Russy. All the crew and' the detachment of the 120th Ohio on board with the exception of 6 were killed or captured.


City Point, Virginia, May 19, 1862. A Confederate account states that on this date a small boat, with some 20 men on board, left the Union fleet in the James river and landed at City Point, where they were attacked by the pickets of the 4th Georgia infantry. Four officers and 5 marines were captured and the remainder of the party regained the boat and headed for the gunboats, when they were called on to surrender, but they refused to heed the summons. They were then fired on and, according to the account mentioned, all were either killed or wounded. Federal records do not give any report of such an affair. City Point, Virginia, May 18, 1864 . Detachment of 2nd Brigade, 3d Division, 18th Army Corps. At 11 a. m. the Confederates made a demonstration against this place, issuing in force from the Petersburg road. The Federal pickets were at once disposed as skirmishers, but a few well-directed shots from the enemy's artillery caused them to fall back on their reserve. The Union gunboats came to the aid of the garrison, and between them and the Union artillery the enemy was forced to retire. The Federal casualties were 2 wounded.


Civiques Ferry, Louisiana, May 10, 1863. 14th and 24th Maine, and 177th New York Volunteers, and 21st New York Battery.


Clapper's Sawmill, Arkansas, March 31, 1863. Detachment 3d Wisconsin Cavalry. Lieutenant-Colonel Richard H. White of the 3d Wisconsin cavalry, with a detachment of his regiment, surprised the picket of a Confederate camp on Crooked creek and captured them without firing a shot. He then advanced on the camp itself near Clapper's sawmill, opening on it with his howitzers. The enemy fled in confusion.


Clara Bell, Steamer, July 24, 1864. Detachment 6th Michigan Heavy Artillery. The monthly return of Brigadier-General George H. Gordon, commanding an expedition up White river, says: "Four companies 6th Michigan heavy artillery, of this brigade, on the Clara Bell, having lagged behind, owing to the disobedience of orders of the lieutenant-colonel commanding, were fired upon by a rebel battery and the boat destroyed."


Clara Eames, U. S. Transport, May 30, 1864. On this date Confederate General Marmaduke reported from Smith's plantation, near Sunnyside: "This morning at daylight I attacked the transport (Clara Eames), cut her escape-pipe, penetrated her boilers, putting in 17 shots in all. She surrendered and came to shore. Her cargo was cotton. All the light articles were removed from her—everything of value * * * and burned the transport." In some of the reports the name of this vessel appears as "Clara Ames."


Clarendon, Arkansas, Expedition to, August 4-17, 1862. 4th Division, Army of the Southwest. Brigadier-General Alvin P. Hovey left Helena on the 4th to make a demonstration in the direction of Little Rock. On the third day out the command shelled out a force of Texas Rangers in a grove near Uncle Billy Kendall's place on the Clarendon road. On the evening of the 7th Hovey arrived at Clarendon and found the enemy posted on the other side of the White river. The artillery was brought to bear and soon routed him. Hovey remained in Clarendon until the 13th, sending out small expeditions each day, which caused the Confederates to abandon Des Arc and Cotton Plant and move toward Little Rock. The Federal loss in the expedition was 3 killed and 2 wounded. The column returned to Helena on the 17th.


Clarendon, Arkansas, January —, 1863. (See White River, Gorman's Expedition.)


Clarendon, Arkansas, March 15, 1864. 8th Missouri Cavalry. Clarendon, Arkansas, June 24, 1864. Queen City, Fawn, Tyler and Naumkeag. During Shelby's operations on the White river he occupied Clarendon in the night and at daylight of the 24th opened an attack on the armed steamer Queen City lying in the river. After an engagement of about 20 minutes the vessel was badly disabled and the crew surrendered. The Confederates had removed 2 guns, one 12 and one 24-pounder, when the gunboats Tyler, Naumkeag and Fawn compelled them to scuttle and fire the Queen City. Two of the gunboats ran Shelby's batteries, which were thus subjected to a cross-fire and were rapidly withdrawn. A desultory fire was continued all day between the Confederate sharpshooters and the gunboats. The casualties were not reported.


Clarendon, Arkansas, June 26, 1864. U. S. Troops under Brigadier-General Eugene A. Carr. On this day General Carr with a force of about 3,000 infantry and cavalry and a battery landed at Clarendon to attack Confederate General Joseph O. Shelby, who had taken possession of the town. Carr found that the enemy had retired to Pikeville, about a mile and a half from Clarendon where the Cotton Plant and Helena roads fork. Some sharp skirmishing was done here, the Confederates being compelled to retire. For two days the Federal forces followed, but were unable to come up with the fleeing enemy. Carr lost 1 killed and 16 wounded. Shelby reported his casualties at 30 killed and wounded.


Clarendon, Arkansas, October 11, 1864. U. S. Steamer Resolute. Brigadier-General Christopher C. Andrews, commanding the 2nd division of the 7th army corps, reporting under date of October 12, says: "The steamer Resolute, towing two barges, was fired into from east bank of White river, twelve miles above Clarendon, at 8 o'clock last night. Four men wounded; 1 mortally."


Clark's Bayou, Louisiana, April 26, 1863. Detachment of 9th Division, Page 288 12th Army Corps. During the Vicksburg campaign the expedition led by Colonel James Keigwin to Hard Times landing, came upon a Confederate force under Major Isaac Harrison on a strip of land between Phelps' and Clark's bayous. A few shells drove Harrison's men in confusion, leaving only a few dismounted men in a hedge near the bank of Clark's bayou. It took over an hour to drive these out, but it was finally done with the loss of i man wounded on the Confederate side.


Clarksburg, Tennessee, December 30, 1862. 122nd Illinois Infantry. This was a slight skirmish between the advance of the 3d brigade, Sullivan's division, and four companies of Forrest's command, during the latter's raid into West Tennessee. The Federal forces were victorious. No casualties were reported. Clark's Creek Church, Tennessee, September 13, 1863. Detachments 7th Illinois Mounted Infantry and 10th Missouri Cavalry. This engagement was an incident of an expedition from Corinth, Mississippi, to Henderson, Tennessee Major George H. Estabrook, commanding, learned that the Confederates were in force at the church and immediately pushed forward. The enemy's pickets were driven in, and the main column broke into small squads, scattering through the country. No casualties were reported.


Clark's Hollow, West Virginia, May 1, 1862. Company C, 23d Ohio Volunteers. This action is described under the head of Camp creek, Clark's hollow being situated on that stream.


Clark's Mill, Missouri, July 30, 1862. 1st Missouri Militia Cavalry. This command, under Lieutenant-Colonel Alex. M. Woolfolk, while in pursuit of guerrillas, came across a band of 80 emerging from a piece of heavy timber about dusk. The Federal troops charged and drove most of the band back into the timber, those who attempted to escape being cut off by a detachment of Woolfolk's party. The enemy lost 8 killed and a number wounded. The only casualty in Woolfolk's command was 1 man wounded.


Clark's Mill, Missouri, November 7, 1862. Detachments of 10th Illinois Cavalry and Missouri State Militia. The Confederates, 1,000 strong, attacked the Federal force, consisting of about 100 men under Captain Hiram E. Barstow, and after a fight lasting 6 hours the enemy called upon Barstow to surrender. After consultation with his officers and men the latter acceded, having lost 7 killed and 2 wounded. The enemy's loss was 34 killed and a number wounded.


Clark's Mountain, Virginia, August 18, 1862. Detachment of the 9th Army Corps. At 1 p. m. of the 17th Lieutenant-Colonel Duryea, 2nd Maryland infantry, with 250 men, left the Federal camp at Cedar creek to break up the Confederate signal station on the summit of Clark's mountain. A small mounted force of the enemy was encountered at daylight next morning and a slight skirmish resulted in the capture of 2 and the wounding of several more. No casualties were reported among the Union troops.


Clark's Neck, Lawrence County, Kentucky, August 27, 1863. 39th Kentucky Volunteers.


Clarksville, Arkansas, October 28, 1863. 3d Wisconsin Cavalry. Clarksville, Arkansas, November 8, 1863. 3d Wisconsin Cavalry.


Clarksville, Arkansas, April 3, 1864. 2nd Arkansas Infantry. Lieut-Colonel Gideon M. Waugh of the 2nd Arkansas infantry (Union) sent the following report under date of April 4: "I surprised a guerrilla's camp yesterday, killed 3, wounded 10, captured 19 horses, 5 Sharps carbines, 5 Enfield rifles, and lots of small arms, blankets, and saddles. The captain was killed."


Clarksville, Arkansas, May 18. 1864.


Clarksville, Arkansas, September 28, 1864. Detachments of 3d Wisconsin, 3d Arkansas, 1st Iowa, 3d Missouri, 3d U. S., and 4th Arkansas Cavalry. Page 289 As an incident of an expedition from Little Rock to Fort Smith this command, under Major Thomas Derry of the 3d Wisconsin, came upon the Confederate pickets about 3 p. m. near Clarksville and drove them back upon their reserve. A rapid advance of the Federal column sent the enemy flying in every direction, leaving 7 dead upon the field. At the Union encampment for the night, 3 miles beyond Clarksville, some skirmishing was done with bushwhackers, the 3d Wisconsin losing 1 man.


Clarksville, Arkansas, October 9, 1864. Expedition under Major Thomas Derry. On the return of this expedition, consisting of the detachments of 3d Wisconsin, 3d Arkansas, 1st la., 3d Missouri, 3d U. S., and 4th Arkansas cavalry, the advance was fired upon by a party of Confederates at Clarksville. No damage was done the Union command, whose advance pursued the enemy across the bridge.


Clarksville, Arkansas, January 18, 1865. Clarksville, Tennessee, August 18, 1862. Part of the 71st Ohio Infantry. The . post at Clarksville was garrisoned by about 300 men of the 71st Ohio, commanded by Colonel Rodney Mason. On the 18th a force of Confederates, estimated at from 800 to 1,000 men, under Colonels A. R. Johnson and J. R. Woodward, appeared before the town and commenced making preparations to attack. Mason was temporarily absent from the Union works and Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews drew up the men in line of battle. About noon a flag of truce was seen approaching the Federal lines, and Mason having returned, a council was called, at which it was decided to surrender. Not a shot was fired. The Confederates also captured the steamer Fisher, loaded with stores for the garrison, and threw the cargo into the river. Mason and several of his officers were cashiered for not making an effort to hold the post against the enemy. Clarksville, Tennessee, September 5-10, 1862. Expedition from Fort Donelson. The expedition, made up of parts of the 11th Illinois, 13th Wisconsin, and 71st Ohio infantry, part of the 5th la. cavalry, one section of Flood's and one of Stenbeck's battery, numbering in all 1,030 men, commanded by Colonel William Love of the 5th la., left Fort Donelson on the morning of the 5th and the next morning was at Blue Springs, 16 miles from Clarksville. From this point the command moved slowly for the next 6 miles, keeping a constant lookout for the enemy. That afternoon a reconnoitering party of cavalry under Lieutenant Moreing came upon the Confederate pickets and immediately gave chase, pursuing them to near New Providence, where the Union troops were fired upon from an ambush. Although the enemy was within 15 yards of the road not a man of Moreing's party was injured, the only casualties being 1 horse killed and 3 disabled. Love then sent Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick, with four companies of cavalry, three companies of infantry and one cannon, to drive in the pickets and create the impression that the whole body was advancing to attack. The Confederates retired to Riggin's hill, about 3 miles from Clarksville, and took up a position, where Love encountered them about 10 o'clock the next morning. The artillery was ordered to the front a'-irl a lively fire of shell and canister was opened on the enemy's lines. After half an hour this fire had the desired effect, for the enemy was completely routed, rapidly retreating toward Clarksville. Love pushed forward his whole command in pursuit, but the Confederates were making such good time that they could not be overtaken by the infantry. A detachment of cavalry was then sent forward to prevent the enemy from destroying the bridge over Red river, and came upon the Confederates just as they had begun the work of tearing up the flooring of the bridge. A charge drove them from their work and they retired precipitately through the town, scattering in all directions through the woods. Love then marched in and took possession, capturing 40 horses, a considerable Page 290 quantity of arms and ammunition, some commissary stores, and several prisoners. About 1,000 bales of hay and 250 boxes of commissary stores, that could not be removed for want of transportation, were burned. Colonel Woodward, commanding the Confederate forces, reported a loss of 17 killed and 40 or 50 wounded. No casualties were reported on the Federal side.


Clarksville, Tennessee, November 25, 1862, and October 28, 1863.


Clarkton, Missouri, October 23, 1862. Expedition under command of Captain Rodgers, 2nd Illinois Artillery. This Confederate post was surprised by a Federal force of 400 men under Captain B. F. Rodgers, consisting of detachments of the 2nd Illinois cavalry, 2nd Illinois artillery and the 72nd Illinois infantry. The first intimation the enemy had of the proximity of Rodgers' command was the bursting of several shells in the barracks. The post was surrounded and the garrison captured—38 men in all—besides 100 stands of arms, 67 horses and mules, 2 transportation wagons and a large amount of ammunition. The Confederates lost 11 in killed and wounded.


Clay County, Missouri, July 4, 1864. 9th Missouri Militia Cavalry.


Claysville, Alabama, March 14, 1864. Detachment of 32nd Missouri Infantry. This engagement was the surprise of the Union garrison at Claysville, commanded by Captain William T. House, by a Confederate cavalry force (dismounted) under Captain Smith. The attack occurred at 3 a.m. and threw House's command into disorder. A summons was made to surrender, some of the garrison acceding to it, while others escaped and joined another Union force near Reed's plantation. The garrison's casualties were 1 killed, 2 wounded and 55 missing. The attacking party, by House's estimate, lost 5 killed and 6 wounded.


Clay Village, Kentucky, October 4. 1862. 5th Brigade, 2nd Division. Army of the Ohio. Brigadier-General Joshua W. Sill, under date of October 5, reports as follows to Major-General D. C. Buell: "Yesterday, at 11 a. m., the advanced guard of the Fifth Brigade (Colonel Kirk) engaged Scott's cavalry, estimated at 600, 3 miles beyond Clay Village, and took 13 prisoners, killing and wounding 7 or 8."


Clear Creek, Arkansas, January 22, 1864. U. S. Troops under Captain Charles Galloway. This was an engagement between some 500 Federal cavalry, consisting of detachments of the 1st and 2nd Arkansas and the 8th cavalry, Missouri State militia, and the Confederate cavalry posted in a narrow gap on Clear creek. The latter were soon driven out with the loss of several wounded, and the Federal command proceeded to Tomahawk crossing, where the enemy was posted on a high bluff, firing on the Union advance as it entered the ravine. The 8th Missouri moved to a steep hillside on the opposite side of the ravine and opened fire, while the 1st. Arkansas dismounted and moved to get in the enemy's rear. The Confederates, finding their position untenable, mounted their horses and retreated, after having lost 3 killed and a number wounded. The Federal loss was 2 wounded. Clear Creek, Arkansas, February 11, 1865.


Clear Creek, Mississippi, June 14, 1862. 3d Michigan Cavalry. The regiment, commanded by Colonel R. H. G. Minty, met a Confederate force under Colonel Lay on Clear creek, and, notwithstanding he was vastly outnumbered, Minty charged with such vigor that the enemy was driven in confusion back toward Baldwyn. The casualties were not reported. Minty and his men were congratulated by General Rosecrans for their gallantry.


Clear Creek, Missouri, August 2, 1862. Detachment of 1st Iowa Cavalry. Captains Caldwell and Heath with 135 men started after a band of between 400 and 500 guerrillas. At Gordon's farm on Clear creek, not far from Page 291 Taberville, they came up with the enemy strongly posted. Caldwell made a movement on their front and Heath moved around to get to their flank, but fell into an ambuscade. Caldwell's men were under cover behind a stone fence. Heath, hearing firing in his rear, moved back to secure his horses. On finding them safe he returned to attack the enemy, but found that he had retreated. The Federal loss was 4 killed and 9 wounded. The Confederate casualties were not reported.


Clear Creek, Missouri, August 19, 1862.


Clear Creek, Missouri, August 8, 1863. Detachment 3d Wisconsin Cavalry. This detachment started in the morning from Ball Town to reconnoiter along Clear creek. Toward dusk the advance came upon 5 of the enemy, and immediately fired upon them. Two were killed and the other 3 escaped. sas Cavalry.


Clear Fork, Missouri, September —, 1862. Detachment of Loyal Militia of Missouri. Forty men of this command attacked a force of 70 Confederates at Clear Fork, 12 miles southeast of Warrensburg. The Federal troops were not aware of the presence of the enemy until they had received a volley from ambush. They succeeded, however, in routing the enemy, killing 4 and wounding several. (The exact date of the affair cannot be ascertained from the official reports.)


Clear Fork, Missouri, August 26, 1863. Scout from the 7th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Captain R. L. Ferguson, commanding, reports that he came upon a body of 30 Confederates at the head of Clear Fork about evening. He attacked them, and they fled precipitately, leaving 3 dead and several wounded. Lieutenant G. W. McGuire, of the same company, pursued them for 5 or 6 miles with a small detachment, killed 3 more and wounded 3. The Federal forces suffered no casualties. Some 6 or 7 guns, 8 horses, a number of blankets, etc., were taken.


Clear Fork, Missouri, July 16, 1864. Detachment of 7th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Brigadier-General E. B. Brown reports under date of July 17, 1864: "I have the honor to report that Captain Turley, 7th Missouri state militia (cavalry), with a scout of 25 men, attacked Hutchins' and Steward's band of guerrillas on Clear Fork yesterday, killing 5 of them." This is the only mention of the affair.


Clear Lake, Arkansas, March 11, 1865. 3d Wisconsin Cavalry. Colonel James M. True, reporting from Pine Bluff on March 13, 1865, states: "Seven men of the Third Wisconsin cavalry have just come in who state that they left Little Rock on Friday last, with Captain Giesler, on a scout. That they were surprised and scattered on Saturday near Clear Lake by a force of rebels numbering near 200, and that a large portion of this party were killed or captured. These men will be sent to Little Rock by first boat."


Clear Spring, Maryland, July 10, 1863. 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry, 29th Pennsylvania State Militia and 74th Regiment, New York National Guard. The cavalry of this command became engaged with 500 Confederate cavalry about 10 a. m. Captain Payne, commanding, asked reinforcements and Colonel Joseph Hawley with the Pennsylvania infantry and Colonel Watson A. Fox with the 74th New York (National Guard) moved to his assistance. Upon their arrival the enemy fled precipitately. The casualties were not reported. This engagement was an incident of the Gettysburg campaign.


Clear Spring, Maryland, July 29, 1864. Pickets 6th U. S. Cavalry. On this date the pickets of this regiment were driven from McCoy's ferry and Cherry run to Clear Spring by the advance of Brigadier-General Bradley T. Johnson's command. From Clear Spring they were obliged to fall back toward Hagerstown. No casualties were reported.


Cleveland, Tennessee, September 18, 1863. Scouts of the 1st Brigade, 4th Division, 23d Army Corps. Five miles from Calhoun on the Cleveland road the scouts of this command encountered a body of the enemy. The Federal troops drove them some distance when they were reinforced and compelled the Union force to fall back to within 3 miles of Calhoun.


Cleveland, Tennessee, November 27, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, Army of the Cumberland. As an incident of the raid on the East Tennessee & Georgia railroad, the cavalry was attacked by the Confederates under Brigadier-General J. H. Kelly. The attacking force consisted of a brigade of cavalry and 2 pieces of artillery. Colonel Eli Long, commanding the Federal brigade, immediately started his command back on the Harrisonburg road, retiring slowly until past Candy's creek, when the enemy gave up the pursuit. The Federal loss during the action was 2 killed, 14 wounded and 13 missing. The Confederate loss, although not reported, was undoubtedly heavier.


Cleveland, Tennessee, October 9 and December 29, 1863.


Cleveland, Tennessee, December 22, 1863. Detachment of 4th Michigan Cavalry. A party of Wheeler's Confederate cavalry, numbering about 75, attacked a small party of the 4th Michigan cavalry, stationed at Cleveland. The Federal loss was 1 or 2 captured, and some property, consisting of overcoats, saddles, etc., but the enemy was finally driven off.


Cleveland, Tennessee, April 2, 1864. 1st Wisconsin Cavalry. Cleveland, Tennessee, April 13, 1864. (See Mink Springs.)


Cleveland, Tennessee, August 17, 1864. 6th Ohio Heavy Artillery.


Clifton, Tennessee, January 1-3, 1863. (See Forrest's Expedition into West Tennessee.) Clinch Mountain, Tennessee, December 6, 1863. Cavalry, Army of the Ohio.


Clinch Mountain, Tennessee, October 1, 1864. Detachment of U. S. Troops of District of Kentucky. This was a rather heavy skirmish between the advance of an expedition into southwestern Virginia and Confederate troops under Colonel Giltner. The Federal force was successful. No casualties reported.


Clinch Mountain, Tennessee, January 30, 1865. Detachment of the 10th Michigan Cavalry and 2nd Ohio Heavy Artillery. The detachment, under Lieutenant Don A. Dodge, while scouting on Clinch mountain from the direction of Strawberry plains encountered a body of Confederates and a running fight ensued, in which 2 of the enemy were killed and 1 was wounded. Although Dodge and his party were hotly pursued for some distance no one was hurt. Clinch River, Tennessee, December 21, 1863.


Clinch Valley, Tennessee, October 21, 1864. 8th and 9th Tennessee Cavalry. Late on the afternoon of the 20th the Union forces commanded by Brigadier-General A. C. Gillem reached Bean's station and found the Confederate force under Major Day holding the gap. As it was too late to attempt to dislodge them that night, Gillem ordered an assault for 4 o'clock the next morning, but before the attack could be made the enemy moved off up the valley, pursued by Major Sawyers with a battalion of the 8th Tennessee Gillem had previously sent Colonel Parsons with the 9th Tennessee by way of Flat gap to gain the enemy's rear. A little after 7 o'clock the Confederates met Parsons and about the same time Sawyers came up and attacked the enemy in the rear. Thus assailed on two sides, Day was routed and driven back through Sneedville with a loss of 15 killed, several wounded and 8 captured, together with 17 horses and 43 stands of arms. No Union casualties were reported.


Clinton, Georgia, July 30, 1864. (See Stoneman's Raid to Macon.) Clinton, Georgia, November 20, 1864. 92nd Illinois Mounted Infantry Volunteers. At noon the cavalry division moved out from Clinton, the 2nd Page 293 brigade in advance. About 4 miles out the 92nd Illinois mounted infantry encountered a brigade of Confederate cavalry posted behind barricades. A part of the Illinois regiment was dismounted and received a charge of the enemy, repulsing and countercharging in turn, the enemy scattering through the woods. Clinton, Georgia, November 21-23, 1864. Detachments of the 2nd Division, 15th Army Corps. On the march to the sea Corse's division had charge of the pontoon train and about 4,000 head of beef cattle. His march was therefore necessarily slow and Hazen's division was ordered to cover the roads over which Corse must move. The 1st brigade, commanded by Colonel Theodore Jones, was posted at Clinton on the 21st, with instructions to hold the place until after Corse had passed through. On the 22nd an attempt was made by a body of Confederate cavalry to enter Clinton on the Macon road, but it was met and repulsed by the 37th Ohio and 15th Michigan, which Hazen had sent to picket the road. Jones was constantly annoyed by the enemy's cavalry, but he threw up temporary works and held his position. Corse passed through Clinton on the 22nd and the next day Jones withdrew his brigade and followed the corps on the road to Gordon. No casualties reported in any of the skirmishes.


Clinton, Kentucky, July 10, 1864. U. S. Troops of the District of Columbus. The Confederate forces under Outlaw and Ketterson were advancing on Clinton to attack a force of Federal cavalry there under Lieutenant Cleary. A reinforcement left Columbus at 7 p. m. of the 9th and marched all night. Early the next morning the infantry was concealed in the woods while the cavalry advanced toward Clinton to engage the enemy. The plan was for the latter to retire slowly before the enemy until opposite the infantry, when a joint attack of infantry and cavalry was to be made. The plan did not wholly succeed because of the cavalry being obliged to retreat too rapidly, but the infantry force under Colonel Moore of the 34th New Jersey carried out its part of the program and succeeded in killing 3 and wounding 5 of the enemy. Four members of Moore's command were wounded. Clinton, Louisiana, December 28, 1862. Troops not given.


Clinton, Louisiana, June 3, 1863. U. S. Troops under Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson. This expedition, composed of the 6th and 7th Illinois, the 2nd Massachusetts, two companies of the 1st Louisiana cavalry, four companies of the 4th Wisconsin mounted infantry, and a section of Nims' battery, about 1,200 men in all, left the Federal camp before Port Hudson at 5 a. m. and took the Jackson road to within 5 miles of that city. The Confederate pickets were encountered 6 miles from Clinton and driven in after having had 1 man and 6 horses captured. At the Comite river, one mile from Clinton, the enemy was driven from an ambush, and pursued to Pretty creek, where a strong force was posted. Grierson dismounted the 4th Wisconsin and the 7th Illinois, deployed them along the banks of the stream, and threw out portions of the 2nd Massachusetts and the 7th Illinois to guard the flanks. The last mentioned force was obliged to fall back after firing a few volleys because of lack of ammunition, and were relieved by the two companies of the 1st Louisiana It soon became evident that the Confederates were attempting to turn the Federal flanks, and Grierson withdrew to a hill a mile in the rear of his first position. For some unaccountable reason Godfrey's company of the Louisiana cavalry had not mounted when the order to withdraw was given. It was charged by a superior force of the enemy, driven in confusion and a number of the men captured. The charge was resisted along the rest of the line and a good position taken, the 6th Illinois forming a rear-guard. A second desperate charge was made by the Confederates but it was also repulsed by the artillery and Page 294 dismounted cavalry, and Grierson withdrew to camp without further molestation. The Federal loss was 8 killed, 28 wounded and 15 missing; that of the enemy, according to Grierson's report, was between 20 and 30 killed, over 60 wounded and about 20 taken prisoners.


Clinton, Louisiana, May 1, 1864. Troops not stated. Clinton, Louisiana, November 15, 1864. Expedition commanded by General A. L. Lee. Clinton, Louisiana, March 5, 1865. 4th Wisconsin Cavalry.


Clinton, Mississippi, July 8, 1863. Cavalry forces of Expeditionary Army. On the evening of this date the cavalry was ordered forward .on the road to Clinton. It had proceeded about 2 miles when the advance guard (3d la. cavalry) encountered and charged the enemy, driving him 3 or 4 miles. When within 3 miles of Clinton the Confederates were again discovered in force, posted in the woods behind a fence. Two companies, one from the 3d la. and one from the 5th Illinois, moved to the right of the road to flank the enemy while the advance charged the front. The move was entirely successful, the Confederates retired about a mile, where they again formed in line of battle, but were again obliged to retire. About a mile from Clinton General Whitfield's brigade of Jackson's cavalry division was discovered strongly posted in line of battle, but it was driven back. It being nearly dark the Federal forces did not pursue. The casualties were not reported.


Clinton, Mississippi, July 9, 1863. Detachment of 9th Division, 13th Army Corps. During the Jackson campaign the division commanded by Brigadier- General P. J. Osterhaus moved from its encampment at 3 a. m. and passed through Clinton at 5:30. When about a mile out on the Jackson road the Confederate cavalry was encountered in open field and was dislodged by the Federal cavalry after a brisk skirmish. Just beyond the field was a stretch of timber, through which the Union cavalry drove the enemy, and after passing through the woods a superior force of the enemy was discovered. The mountain howitzers could make no impression upon this force, which did some damage to the Union force with 12-pounder guns. A section of the 7th Michigan battery was ordered to the support of the cavalry, while the infantry and the remainder of the battery were advanced to within supporting distance. Meantime the 2nd Illinois cavalry made a feint toward the Raymond road. The move was entirely successful and the enemy retired. The casualties were not reported.


Clinton, Mississippi, July 16, 1863. 78th Ohio Infantry. At 3:45 a. m. a Confederate lieutenant and 5 men attempted to capture the Federal outposts at Clinton, but were in turn all captured and brought into camp. The enemy, not knowing of their capture, advanced in force on the picket line and drove it in. A company was immediately despatched to help check the Confederate advance, and the enemy on being foiled on the front attempted to turn the left. Company G was sent to sustain that point, while the rest of the command moved forward to support the front. Fearing that the pickets' on the Vicksburg road would be captured, Captain Wilson with Company A went to their support. After fighting for three-quarters of an hour the skirmish line was advanced and the original position of the pickets regained. The Confederates then cut the telegraph lines and retired. Their loss was 2 killed. The Union garrison, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel G. F. Wiles, suffered no casualties.


Clinton, Mississippi, October 16, 1863. (See Treadwells.) Clinton, Mississippi, October 18, 1863. (See Livingston Road.)


Clinton, Mississippi, February 5, 1864. Detachment of 17th Army Corps. As soon as it was daylight this command was put in motion from its camp at the junction of the Clinton, Bolton and Raymond roads. Leggett's Page 295 division, having the advance, was deployed and under cover of artillery fire attacked the enemy, driving him into and through Clinton. At the same time the cavalry under Winslow entered the town by the Raymond road. No casualties were reported. Clinton, Mississippi, March 26, and April 3. 1864.


Clinton, Mississippi, July 4, 1864. 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry, during expedition to Jackson.


Clinton, Mississippi, July 7, 1864. (See Jackson.) Clinton, Missouri, March 30, 1862. Detachment of 1st Iowa Cavalry. Major-General H. W. Halleck, reporting to Hon. E. M. Stanton, secretary of war, under date of April 6, states: "Detachment of First Iowa Cavalry, sent out from Clinton, Missouri, had a skirmish with rebels on the 30th. Captured 19 prisoners, 8 wagons, and a number of horses, mules, etc., belonging to Price's army. One rebel killed and 7 wounded. Our loss 1 man seriously wounded." Clinton, Missouri, July 9, 1862. Organizations not recorded.


Clinton, Missouri, October 25, 1864. Militia, Citizens and Negroes. This was an attack of 250 Confederates on Clinton. Some 70 militia, citizens and negroes defended the place successfully, taking 1 of the enemy prisoner, and severely wounding 5 others. None of the defending force was injured.


Clinton, North Carolina, May 19, 1862. Organizations not recorded. Clinton Ferry, Tennessee, July 25, 1862. The only report of this affair is that of Asst. Adjt.-General H. L. Clay, C. S. A., who says: "Captain Blalock, commanding company of cavalry at Clinton, reports that at sunrise this morning his pickets at the ferry were fired upon by the enemy. He sent reinforcements, when a skirmish occurred, resulting in the wounding of one man. Believing he was about to be surrounded he retreated." There is no way of ascertaining what Union troops participated. Clintonville, Missouri, October 12, 1861. Brigadier-General M. M. Parsons, commanding 6th division. Missouri State guard (Confederate), in a report under date of October 14, says: "General Harris' division and my own camped on Smith's farm, 5 miles from Clintonville, about 12 o'clock on Saturday last. About 3 o'clock in the afternoon of that day the pickets of General Harris were fired upon by a few jayhawkers in ambush. who killed 1 man and wounded 3 others. The cavalry was immediately sent out in force, and scoured the country for miles around, bringing in 5 prisoners." This is the only mention of the affair, so that there is no way of ascertaining what Union troops participated.


Cloud's House, South Carolina, February 27, 1865. 79th Pennsylvania Infantry. This engagement was a dash upon a picket of the Federal command by Confederate cavalry. Before the attack was repulsed several men had been captured by the enemy.


Cloutierville, Louisiana, March 29-30. 1864. (See Monett's Ferry.)


Cloutierville, Louisiana, April 22-24. 1864. (See Cane River Crossing, April 23. 1864.)


Clover Hill, Virginia, April 9, 1865. (See Appomattox Court House.)


Cloyd's Mountain, Virginia, May 9, 1864. 2nd Infantry Division in Expedition against Virginia & Tennessee railroad. On reaching the summit of this mountain Brigadier-General George Crook, commanding the expedition, discovered the enemy on a wooded spur commanding the point where the road debouched from the mountain. The 2nd brigade was sent to turn the enemy's flank, the 1st brigade formed on the right of the 2nd, and the 3d on the right of the 1st. As soon as the 2nd brigade had reached its position and engaged the enemy the other two brigades charged. There was Page 296 an open field of about half or two-thirds of a mile in width and across this the Federal force had to advance, the Confederates in the meantime pouring a most galling fire upon the approaching lines. At the foot of the slope upon which the enemy was posted was a muddy stream waist deep, through which the charging troops waded, and after taking breath ascended the ridge, wavering in spots under the heavy fire, but on the whole keeping in good order. When close to the enemy's breastworks the whole Federal line rushed forward with a yell, and the impetuosity of the attack completely routed the Confederates behind the abatis. A portion of the Union command followed, dispersing also a party of 500 of Morgan's men who were coming to the enemy's assistance. The Union loss was 108 killed, 508 wounded and 72 captured or missing. The Confederates lost less heavily, having had 76 killed, 262 wounded and 300 captured or missing. Coahoma County, Mississippi, August 2, 1862. 11th Wisconsin Infantry.


Coal Hill, Ohio, July 20, 1863. Coal Hill is about 25 miles southeast of Zanesville. In the Morgan raid the Confederates were defeated at Buffington island on the 19th and those who escaped broke up into small squads and scattered. One of these detachments reached Coal Hill the next day and a slight skirmish occurred there, but no detailed report of the affair is to be found in the official records.


Coal River, West Virginia, September 12, 1861. Coal Run, Kentucky, July 2, 1863.


Coalsmouth, West Virginia, September 30, 1864. U. S. Troops of Kanawha Valley forces. Brigadier-General J. C. Sullivan reporting under date of October 1, 1864, says: "A force of the enemy, 150 strong, attacked the post at Coalsmouth at 9 o'clock last night. They were driven off; their loss was five wounded and one killed. The force from Winfield pursued and captured one prisoner." Cobb's Point, North Carolina, February 10, 1862. This action was the destruction of the Confederate fleet under Com. Lynch. For a full account see Roanoke Island, Elizabeth City, and the Naval Volume for the operations of the South Atlantic squadron on this date. Cockletown, Virginia, April 4, 1862. 2nd Brigade, Porter's Division, 3d Army Corps. In the advance on Yorktown at the beginning of the Peninsular campaign, General Porter sent forward the 2nd brigade, Griffin's battery and a squadron of cavalry to hold the junction of the roads at Cockletown, thus cutting off the Confederate garrison at Ship's Point. As the detachment approached Howard s bridge over the Poquosin river Brigadier-General G. W. Morell, commanding, threw forward part of the 14th New York and some sharpshooters to reconnoiter. When within a few hundred yards of the intrenchments the enemy opened fire. The balance of the 14th New York and the 4th Michigan were deployed on the right, after which the whole line steadily advanced, driving the Confederates from their works. No casualties reported.


Cockrall's Mill, West Virginia, November 26, 1862. Detachment of 2nd Division, 12th Army Corps. During a reconnaissance from Bolivar Heights a Federal force, composed of 600 infantry and 2 pieces of artillery, engaged in a slight skirmish with the enemy's cavalry at  Cockrail's mill on the Shenandoah river. The Confederates were routed and pursued for some distance, several being wounded. A number of prisoners, arms and horses, together with a quantity of flour, were taken. Cockrum's Cross-Roads, Mississippi, September 9, 1862. 6th Illinois Cavalry. As an incident of an expedition to Coldwater and Hernando, the Page 297 6th Illinois cavalry, under Colonel B. H. Grierson, encountered the enemy's pickets near the Coldwater river and followed them to within 2 miles of Cockrum's cross-roads, where a large force of cavalry and mounted infantry was strongly posted. The Federals under a galling fire gained the protection of a ditch and poured such a vigorous fire upon the enemy that he wavered and fell back, Grierson following closely. Twice the Confederates attempted to make a stand but both times were scattered by the pursuing cavalry before their line could be formed. The Union loss was 1 killed and 4 wounded. Grierson estimated the Confederate casualties at 100 in killed and wounded.


Coffeeville, Mississippi, December 5. 1862. Cavalry Division, 13th Army Corps. As an incident of the operations on the Mississippi Central railroad, the cavalry division came up with the enemy's rear about 2 p. m. A small party of Confederates hovering on the right flank of the advancing Federal column was dislodged by Colonel Albert L. Lee's brigade. Flankers were then thrown out on each side of the column and the artillery moved cautiously forward, now and then throwing a shell beyond the advancing skirmishers. About a mile from Coffeeville a few shells were thrown to the front when the enemy suddenly opened at short range with his artillery. Simultaneously his infantry in line opened upon the advance skirmishers with rapid volleys, while heavy skirmishing was in progress on both flanks. From all appearances the enemy's force was too strong to be successfully engaged by the jaded and exhausted Federal troops so Colonel T. L. Dickey, commanding, determined to retire. Hatch's and Mizner's brigades formed successive supporting lines of detachments to cover the retreat of the skirmishers. Several times the Confederate infantry charged, but was each time repulsed by the flankers. When about a mile and a half from the point where the retreat started the fighting ceased. The casualties were not reported.


Coggins' Point, Virginia, July 31, 1862. Army of the Potomac. After the battle of Malvern hill, the last of the Seven Days' battles, McClellan's army lay for some time on the north bank of the James, recruiting and waiting for orders from the war department. A Confederate account says that Lee sent General D. H. Hill secretly to Coggins' point, opposite McClellan's camp, and under cover of darkness shelled the camp with 43 pieces of artillery, "doing considerable damage but suffering none, as he retired before an attack could be planned against him." Union reports do not mention the incident.


Coggins' Point, Virginia, September 16, 1864. Detachment of 13th Pennsylvania Cavalry. About 5 a. m. an attack was made by some 5,000 or 6,000 Confederate cavalry upon the camp of the cattle herd at Coggins' point. The guard consisted of 150 men of the 13th Pennsylvania cavalry, who held the enemy in check until nearly surrounded and then retreated. In endeavoring to rally his men, Captain Henry H. Gregg was captured and the command devolved upon Captain James M. Bell. Twice the Union troops made a stand but were each time driven back and the Confederates succeeded in driving off the whole herd, 2,486 head, and capturing 3 wagons and teams. The loss of the Federal troops was 2 killed, 8 wounded and 29 captured or missing of the 13th Pennsylvania and 2 killed, 1 wounded and 13 captured or missing of the herders.


Cold Harbor, Virginia, June 27, 1862. This was but another name for the battle of Gaines' mill, one of the Seven Days' battles between the Army of the Potomac and the Confederate forces under General Lee. (See Seven Days' Battles.)


The Union Army Cold Harbor, Virginia, June 1-3, 1864. Army of the Potomac. This was the last engagement of any consequence in the campaign from the Rapidan to the James, which began with the battle of the Wilderness on May 5-7. The severe losses in the Wilderness, at Spottsylvania Court House and along the North Anna river had made necessary several changes, and the Army of the Potomac on the last day of May was organized as follows: The 2nd corps, Major-General Winfield S. Hancock commanding, was composed of the three divisions commanded by Brigadier-General Francis C. Barlow, Brigadier-General John Gibbon and Brigadier-General David B. Birney, and the artillery brigade under Colonel John C. Tidball. The 5th corps, commanded by Major-General Gouverneur K. Warren, included four divisions, respectively commanded by Brigadier-Generals Charles Griffin, Henry H. Lockwood, Samuel W. Crawford and Lysander Cutler, and the artillery brigade of Colonel Charles S. Wainwright. (On June 2 Crawford's division was consolidated with Lockwood's.) The 6th corps, Major-General Horatio G. Wright commanding, consisted of three divisions commanded by Brigadier-Generals David A. Russell, Thomas H. Neill and James B. Ricketts, and the artillery brigade of Colonel Charles H. Tompkins. The 9th corps, under command of Major-General Ambrose E. Burnside, was made up of the four divisions commanded by Major-General Thomas L. Crittenden, Brigadier-General Robert B. Potter, Brigadier-General Orlando B. Willcox and Brigadier-General Edward Ferrero, and the reserve artillery under Captain John Edwards. (Ferrero's division was composed of colored troops.) The cavalry corps under Major-General P. H. Sheridan, consisted of three divisions commanded by Brigadier-Generals Alfred T. A. Torbert, David McM. Gregg and James H. Wilson, and a brigade of horse artillery under Captain James M. Robertson. The 18th corps, formerly with the Army of the James, commanded by Major-General William F. Smith, embraced three divisions, respectively commanded by Brigadier-Generals William H. T. Brooks, James H. Martindale and Charles Devens, and the artillery brigade under command of Captain Samuel S. Elder. This corps was added to the Army of the Potomac just in time to take part in the battle of Cold Harbor. The artillery reserve was under command of Brigadier-General Henry J. Hunt. On June 1 Grant's forces numbered "present for duty" 113,875 men of all arms. The Confederate army, under command of General Robert E. Lee, was organized practically as it was at the beginning of the campaign, (See Wilderness) with the exception of some slight changes in commanders and the accession of the divisions of Breckenridge, Pickett and Hoke. Various estimates have been made of the strength of the Confederate forces at Cold Harbor. Maj! Jed Hotchkiss, topographer for Lee's army, states it as being 58,000 men, which is probably not far from the truth. Cold Harbor is about 3 miles north of the Chickahominy river and 11 miles from Richmond. Grant considered it an important point as several roads centered there, notably among them those leading to Bethesda Church, White House landing on the Pamunkey, and the several crossings of the Chickahominy, offering facilities for the movement of troops in almost any direction. On the last day of May Sheridan sent Torbert's division to drive away from Cold Harbor the Confederate cavalry under Fitzhugh Lee, which was done with slight loss. Gregg's division reinforced Torbert, but the Confederates were also reinforced and Sheridan sent word to Grant that the enemy was moving a heavy force against the place and that he did not think it prudent to hold on. In response to this message Sheridan was instructed to hold on at all hazards, as a Page 299 force of infantry was on the way to relieve him. This infantry force was the 6th corps, which arrived at Cold Harbor at 9 a. m. on the 1st, just as Sheridan had repulsed the second assault by Kershaw's division, the rapid fire of the retreating carbines and the heavy charges of canister proving too much for the enemy. Wright relieved the cavalry and about 2 p. m. Smith's corps came up from Newcastle and took position on the right of the 6th. Both were under instructions to assault as soon as they were ready, but the troops were not properly disposed until 6 o'clock that afternoon. When Lee discovered that Grant was moving some of his force to the left of the Federal line, he decided to meet the maneuver by transferring Anderson's corps from the Confederate left to the right in order to confront Wright. Anderson took position on the left of Hoke, whose division formed the extreme right of Lee's line. At 6 p. m. Wright and Smith moved forward to the attack. In their front was an open , space, varying in width from 300 to 1,200 yards, and the moment the first line debouched from the wood the enemy opened fire. The troops pressed forward, however, with an unwavering line until they reached the timber on the farther side of the clearing. Ricketts' division struck the main line of intrenchments at the point where Anderson's and Hoke's commands joined, with such force that the flank of each was rolled back and about 500 prisoners were captured. Smith drove the enemy from a line of rifle-pits in the edge of the wood and captured about 250 prisoners, but when he attempted to advance on the main line he was met by such a galling fire that he was compelled to retire to the woods, holding the first line captured. After trying in vain to dislodge Ricketts the enemy retired from that part of the works and formed a new line some distance in the rear. Wright and Smith then intrenched the positions they had gained and held them during the night, though repeated attacks were made by the enemy in an endeavor to regain the lost ground. Badeau says: "The ground won, on the 1st of June, was of the highest consequence to the national army; it cost 2,000 men in killed and wounded, but it secured the roads to the James, and almost outflanked Lee." In the meantime Lee had assumed the offensive on his left. Hancock and Burnside along Swift run and near Bethesda Church were attacked, probably with a view to force Grant to draw troops from Cold Harbor to reinforce his right. Three attacks were also made on Warren, whose corps was extended to cover over 4 miles of the line, but each attack was repulsed by artillery alone. Late in the afternoon Hancock was ordered to withdraw his corps early that night and move to the left of Wright at Cold Harbor, using every effort to reach there by daylight the next morning. Grant's object was to make a general assault as early as possible on the 2nd, Hancock, Wright and Smith to lead the attack, supported by Warren and Burnside, but the night march of the 2nd corps in the heat and dust had almost completely exhausted the men, so that the assault was first postponed until 5 p. m. and then to 4:30 on the morning of the 3d. The 2nd was therefore spent in forming the lines, in skirmishing and intrenching. In the afternoon it was discovered that a considerable Confederate force under Early was in front of the Federal right and at midnight the orders to Warren and Burnside were modified by directing them, in case Early was still in their front, to attack at 4:30 "in such manner and by such combinations of the two corps as may in both your judgments be deemed best. If the enemy should appear to be in strongest force on our Page 300 left, and your attack should in consequence prove successful, you will follow it up, closing in upon them toward our left; if, on the contrary, the attack on the left should be successful, it will be followed up, moving toward our right." The battle of June 3 was fought on the same ground as the battle of Gaines' mill in the Peninsular campaign of 1862, except the positions were exactly reversed. Lee now held the trenches, extended and strengthened, that had been occupied by Porter, who, with a single corps, had held the entire Confederate army at bay and even repulsed its most determined attacks, inflicting severe loss upon its charging columns, while the Union troops were now to assault a position which Lee two years before had found to be impregnable. The Confederate right was extended along a ridge, the crest of which formed a natural parapet, while just in front was a sunken road that could be used as an intrenchment. Promptly at the designated hour the columns of the 2nd. 6th and 18th corps moved to the attack. Hancock sent forward the divisions of Barlow and Gibbon, supported by Birney. Barlow advanced in two lines under a heavy fire of infantry and artillery, until the first line encountered the enemy's line in the sunken road. This was quickly dislodged and as the Confederates retired over the crest Barlow's men followed, capturing several hundred prisoners and 3 pieces of artillery. These guns were turned on the enemy, who broke in confusion, leaving the national forces in possession of a considerable portion of the main line of works. The broken ranks were soon rallied and reinforced, a heavy enfilading artillery fire was brought to bear on the assailants, and as Barlow's second line had not come up in time to secure the advantage gained he gave the order to fall back to a slight crest about 50 yards in the rear, where rifle-pits were dug under a heavy fire, and this position was held the remainder of the day. Gibbon's division, on the right of Barlow, was also formed in two lines, Tyler's brigade on the right and Smyth's on the left in the first line, McKeen's and Owen's on the right and left respectively in the second. As the division advanced the line was cut in two by an impassable swamp, but the men pushed bravely on, in spite of this obstacle and the galling fire of cannon and musketry that was poured upon them, until close up to the enemy's works. A portion of Smyth's brigade gained the intrenchments, and Colonel McMahon, with part of his regiment, the 164th New York, of Tyler's brigade, gained the parapet, where McMahon was killed and those who were with him were either killed or captured, the regimental colors falling into the hands of the Confederates. Owen had been directed to push forward in column through Smyth's line, but instead of doing so he deployed on the left as soon as Smyth became engaged, thus losing the opportunity of supporting the lodgment made by that officer and McMahon. The result was the assault of Gibbon was repulsed, and the division fell back, taking advantage of the inequalities of the ground to avoid the murderous fire that followed them on their retreat. Some idea of the intensity of the fighting on this part of the line may be gained from the fact that Gibbon's command lost 65 officers and 1,032 men in killed and wounded during the assault. Wright's advance with the 6th corps was made with Russell's division on the left, Ricketts' in the center and Neill's on the right. Neill carried the advanced rifle-pits, after which the whole corps assaulted the main line with great vigor, but the attack was repulsed with heavy loss. The only advantage gained—and this a rather dubious one—by the corps was that of being able to occupy Page 301 a position closer to the Confederate intrenchments than before the attack. A description of the attack by the 18th corps is perhaps best given by quoting Smith's report. He says: "In front of my right was an open plain, swept by the fire of the enemy, both direct and from our right; on my left the open space was narrower, but equally covered by the artillery of the enemy. Near the center was a ravine, in which the troops would be sheltered from the cross-fire, and through this ravine I determined the main assault should be made. General Devens' division had been placed on the right to protect our flank and hold as much as possible of the lines vacated by the troops moving forward. General Martindale with his division was ordered to move down the ravine, while General Brooks with his division was to advance on the left, taking care to keep up the connection between Martindale and the Sixth Corps, and if, in the advance, those two commanders should join, he (General Brooks) was ordered to throw his command behind General Martindale ready to operate on the right flank, if necessary. The troops moved promptly at the time ordered, and, driving in the skirmishers of the enemy, carried his first line of works or rifle-pits. Here the command was halted under a severe fire to readjust the lines. After a personal inspection of General Martindale's front, I found that I had to form a line of battle faced to the right to protect the right flank of the moving column, and also that no farther advance could be made until the Sixth Corps advanced to cover my left from a cross-fire. Martindale was ordered to keep his column covered as much as possible, and to move only when General Brooks moved. I then went to the front of General Brooks' line to reconnoiter there. General Brooks was forming his column when a heavy fire on the right began, which brought so severe a cross-fire on Brooks that I at once ordered him not to move his men farther, but to keep them sheltered until the cross-fire was over. Going back to the right, I found that Martindale had been suffering severely, and having mistaken the firing in front of the Sixth Corps for that of Brooks had determined to make the assault, and that Stannard's brigade had been repulsed in three gallant assaults." On the right the attacks of Burnside and Warren were attended by no decisive results. The former sent forward the divisions of Potter and Willcox, Crittenden's being held in reserve. Potter sent in Curtin's brigade, which forced back the enemy's skirmishers, carried some detached rifle-pits and buildings, and gained a position close up to the main line, from which the Federal artillery silenced the principal battery inside the Confederate works and blew up two of their caissons. Willcox recaptured a line of rifle-pits from which he had been driven the day before, Hartranft's brigade driving the enemy to his main intrenchments and establishing itself close in their front. In this attack Griffin's division of the 5th corps cooperated with Willcox. Owing to the necessity of placing artillery in position to silence the enemy's guns, active operations were suspended until 1 p. m. An order was therefore issued to the various division commanders in the two corps to attack at that hour, and Wilson was directed to move with part of his cavalry division across the Totopotomy, with a view of attacking the Confederate position on the flank and rear. The arrangements were all completed by the appointed time and the skirmish line was about to advance for the beginning of the assault, when an order was received from headquarters to cease all offensive movements, on account of the general repulse on the left. Page 302 Meade reported his loss in the battle of Cold Harbor as 1,705 killed, 9,042 wounded and 2,042 missing. As in the other engagements of the campaign from the Rapidan to the James, no detailed report of the Confederate casualties was made, but Lee's loss at Cold Harbor was comparatively slight. Hotchkiss gives it as "about 1,700." Some of the Federal wounded were brought in at night by volunteers from the intrenching parties, but most of them lay on the field, under the hot sun of a Virginia summer, for three days before Grant would consent to ask permission under a flag of truce to bury the dead and care for the injured. By that time the wounded were nearly all beyond the need of medical aid, and the dead had to be interred almost where they fell. The assault on the 3d has been severely criticised by military men. General Martin T. McMahon, in "Battles and Leaders," begins his article on the battle of Cold Harbor with the following statement: "In the opinion of a majority of its survivors, the battle of Cold Harbor never should have been fought. There was no military reason to justify it. It was the dreary, dismal, bloody, ineffective close of the Lieutenant- General's first campaign with the Army of the Potomac, and corresponded in all its essential features with what had preceded it." Grant, in his "Personal Memoirs" (Vol. II, page 276), says: "I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made. * * * No advantage whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy loss we sustained. Indeed the advantages other than those of relative losses, were on the Confederate side." After the battle Grant-turned his attention to the plan of effecting a junction with Butler and approaching Richmond from the south side of the James, along the lines suggested by McClellan two years before. The "hammering" process had proved to be too costly and the army settled down to a regular siege of the Confederate capital. The campaign from the Rapidan to the James began with the battle of the Wilderness on May 5, and from that time until June 10, when the movement to the James was commenced from Cold Harbor, the Army of the Potomac lost 54,550 men.


Cold Knob Mountain, West Virginia, November 24-30, 1862. 11th Ohio Infantry and 2nd West Virginia Cavalry. An expedition left Summerville for the purpose of breaking up a Confederate camp at the foot of Cold Knob mountain. The infantry was under the command of Colonel P. P. Lane and the cavalry under Colonel John C. Paxton. On the morning of the 26th the infantry took the advance and after passing over the summit of the mountain came upon the enemy's pickets and fired upon them. The infantry ranks were then opened, the cavalry dashed through and pushed rapidly into the Confederate camp 5 miles distant at Lewis' mill on Sinking creek. The surprise was complete, Paxton's command killing 2, wounding 2, capturing 113 men and officers, 111 mules and horses, and destroying 200 rifles, 50 sabers, supplies, accouterments, etc. There were no casualties in the Federal command. The expedition returned to Summerville on the 30th.


Cold Spring Gap, West Virginia, August 5, 1863. Detachments of 4th Separate Brigade, 8th Army Corps. As an incident of the raid into West Virginia by Brigadier-General William W. Averell, Captain Paul Baron Von Koenig, leading the advance, captured a Confederate lieutenant and 10 men.


Coldwater, Mississippi, July 24, 1862. Detachments of the 6th Missouri Cavalry and 8th Indiana Infantry. This was an expedition from Helena, Arkansas, to Coldwater. Lieutenant-Colonel S. N. Wood, of the 6th Missouri cavalry, with 100 of his own regiment, 90 of the 8th Indiana Page 303 infantry and 2 mountain howitzers, embarked on the steamer Catahoula at Helena at 9 p. m. on the 23d, and at daylight the next morning the troops were landed at Austin, Mississippi. As soon as the men could be formed, Wood began his march toward Hudson's bridge over the Coldwater river, some 15 miles from Austin. At White Oak bayou the enemy fired from ambush on the Federal advance. The howitzers were brought into position and a few shells served to disperse the enemy. Wood hurriedly repaired the bridge and pushed on in pursuit, dispersing another small detachment at a bridge about 3 miles from the scene of the first encounter. At the Coldwater he came up with the Confederate rear-guard, but the flooring of the bridge had been torn up and Wood, learning that a large force was at Senatobia, only 2 miles away, ordered the men to return to the boat. The Union loss was 3 or 4 men slightly wounded. The enemy's loss in killed and wounded was not learned, but Wood brought in 6 prisoners.


Coldwater, Mississippi, September 9, 1862. (See Cockrum's Cross-Roads.)


Coldwater, Mississippi, November 8, 1862. (See Hudsonville.)


Coldwater, Mississippi, December 20, 1862. 90th Illinois Infantry. This engagement was the repulse of an attack made upon the place by a superior number of the enemy. The only mention of the affair is in General Grant's congratulatory order.


Coldwater, Mississippi, April 19, 1863. 12th and 33d Wisconsin and 43d Illinois Infantry, 15th Ohio Battery, and detachment of 5th Ohio Cavalry. The morning after the engagement at Hernando, in which an expedition under Colonel George E. Bryant, routed the enemy in an attack on the Union camp, the troops reached the Coldwater river at Perry's ferry at 8 a. m. From that time until 4 p. m. the skirmishing was hot and extended some 8 miles up the river. Bryant was unable to get his command across the ferry, which the enemy had cut loose. The casualties of this engagement are included in those of the expedition. Coldwater, Mississippi, May 11, I863. 2nd Iowa Cavalry, 6th Iowa Infantry, and 1st Illinois Artillery. As an incident of an expedition from La Grange, Tennessee, to Panola, Mississippi, the advance of the Union forces came upon Major A. H. Chalmers' Confederate battalion and routed it, capturing 3 prisoners. The engagement occurred at the crossing of the Coldwater river. Colonel Edward Hatch commanded the Federal troops. Coldwater, Mississippi, June 19, 1863. (See Hernando, same date.) Coldwater, Mississippi, July 28, 1863. Illinois Troops.


Coldwater, Mississippi, December 29, 1863. Coldwater Bridge, Mississippi, June 18, 1863. Detachments of 2nd Iowa and 3d Michigan Cavalry. As an incident of a movement of the troops mentioned under Major J. G. Hudson to get to the rear of the enemy at Panola and cut off his supplies, a sharp skirmish was engaged in at Coldwater bridge. Hudson captured 2 prisoners and killed 1 of the enemy; his own loss was 1 slightly wounded. Coldwater Ferry, Mississippi, February 8, 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 16th Army Corps. On the Meridian expedition the advance of this brigade came up with a small picket force at the Coldwater ferry. The Confederates put up some resistance, but were driven back and the ferry captured, allowing the whole command to cross the river. The casualties were not reported.


Cold Water Grove, Missouri, October 24, 1864. Kansas Cavalry of the Army of the Border.


Coldwater Railroad Bridge, Mississippi, September 12, 1862. Expedition under Brigadier-General Morgan L. Smith. After the cavalry of this Page 304 expedition, under Colonel B. H. Grierson, had been despatched to Hernando to engage a force of the enemy's cavalry, the infantry swung around to the west to destroy the railroad bridge across the Coldwater river between Senatobia and Hernando. A considerable guard engaged the column upon its approach, but retired after 25 minutes of skirmishing when 2 or 3 shells were thrown among them. The bridge and a small section of track were destroyed. No casualties were reported.


Coldwater River, Mississippi, November 28, 1862. Cavalry Division, Expedition to Grenada. During the day Brigadier-General C. C. Washburn, commanding this division, captured several Confederate pickets and learned that a force of their cavalry was encamped on the Tallahatchie near the mouth of the Coldwater river. Delaying his command somewhat so as to arrive after nightfall, the column was moved forward. As it approached the ferry where the enemy was supposed to be encamped a detachment was dismounted and deployed as skirmishers while the artillery was drawn forward by hand and when within 300 yards of the Confederate camp opened with shell, the dismounted skirmishers pouring in a volley at the same time. The enemy broke and fled, leaving 3 killed and 5 wounded. Coldwater River, Mississippi, February 19, 1863. (See Yazoo Pass.)


Coldwater River, Mississippi, August 21, 1863. 3d and 4th Iowa and 5th Illinois Cavalry. As an incident of the raid to Memphis of the cavalry forces under Colonel E. F. Winslow, the Confederates were met in some force at the crossing of the Coldwater river. Major Noble with 75 men of the 3d la. was directed to keep the enemy's attention in the front while Major Farnan of the 5th Illinois with three companies of his own regiment and two of the 3d la. dismounted his men and started to cross the river half a mile below, so as to get in the enemy's rear. The enemy became aware of the movement just as the flanking party came in sight and retreated. During the time of this movement there was continued skirmishing in the rear and on both flanks.


Coldwater River, Mississippi, October 6. 1863. (See Lockhart's Mill.)


Coldwater River, Mississippi, July 22, 1864. Coldwater Station, Mississippi, June 21, 1862. Detachments of 6th and 11th Illinois Cavalry. As an incident of a raid to Hernando by the cavalry under Colonel B. H. Grierson. the detachments reached Hernando at 5 a. m. and found that the Confederates had moved to Coldwater Station. Grierson pushed rapidly toward that place, but arrived too late to intercept the train upon which General Jeff Thompson was traveling. However, he attacked and routed a Confederate force assembled at the depot, killing 3, wounding 7, and capturing 9, together with their arms, horses and equipments. A force sent to attack the guard at the railroad bridge a mile and a half distant destroyed 15,000 pounds of bacon, and a quantity of lard and forage. The bridge was burned.


Cole County, Missouri, October 6. 1864. Coleman's, Mississippi, March 5, 1864. Mississippi Marine Brigade.


Coleman's Plantation, near Port Gibson. Mississippi, July 4-5. 1864 52nd U. S. Colored Troops (2d Mississippi) and Mississippi Marine Brigade.


Cole's Island, South Carolina, May 20. 1862. (See Naval Volume.)


College Grove, Tennessee, March 19, 1863. The only report of this affair is from Confederate sources, the report of Brigadier-General John A. Wharton containing the following: "Today a body of 250 picked men from this command, supported by Roddey, drove the enemy away from the new bridge they had constructed over Harpeth, near Page 305 College Grove, and burned the bridge. The fight lasted several hours."


College Grove, Tennessee, April 26, 1863. Scouts of the 3d Division, 14th Army Corps. Brigadier-General J. M. Schofield reporting from Triune under date of April 26, says: "A small scouting party, under Colonel J. P. Brownlow, had a skirmish with some rebel cavalry a mile south of College Grove this afternoon; 1 officer slightly wounded."


College Hill, Mississippi, August 21, 1864. Skirmishers of 3d Division, 16th Army Corps. At 8 p. m. of the 20th the division encamped on the south side of Hurricane creek and early the next morning moved forward. Two regiments were thrown out as skirmishers and the troops advanced in column of regiments. The skirmishers soon became engaged with the enemy's pickets, who, seeing the series of lines, retreated without offering much resistance, and the Union troops were enabled to occupy the hill. The only casualty was the slight wounding of 1 of the skirmishers. (Also called Oxford Hill.)


Collierville, Tennessee, January 28, 1863. 2nd Brigade, Cavalry Division. Colonel Albert L. Lee, commanding this brigade, reports from Germantown under date of January 29: "Had a skirmish with 200 guerrillas south of Collierville and killed about a dozen. Lost 1 man. All right on the road." Collierville, Tennessee, May 20, 1863. Pickets of 26th Illinois Infantry. This engagement was an attack by a band of Confederates on picket posts Nos. 4 and 5. The men stationed there were surrounded, 1 killed and 9 captured. The enemy's loss was not known, as he retreated as soon as he had accomplished his object.


Collierville, Tennessee, October 11, 1863. Detachments of 66th Indiana 13th U. S. Infantry. As an incident of Chalmers' raid, a Confederate force of 3.000 cavalry and mounted infantry with 8 pieces of artillery, attacked the Union pickets at Collierville. The outposts succeeded in holding the enemy in check until the dispositions of the garrison were made. Chalmers, under a flag of truce, sent Colonel D. C. Anthony of the 66th Indiana, whose regiment formed the garrison, a summons to surrender which was promptly refused. Upon the return of the flag the enemy opened with artillery but did little damage. Just at this time Major-General W. T. Sherman arrived with his escort, a portion of the 13th U. S. infantry, which was brought into action. At noon a charge was made to drive the enemy from the proximity of the train. It succeeded, but resulted in the loss of several men. At 3:30 the enemy retired. The Federal loss was 14 killed, 40 wounded and 54 captured or missing. Chalmers' report states that he lost but 3 killed and 48 wounded, but Anthony says his command buried 25 of the Confederate dead.


Collierville, Tennessee, October 25, 1863.


Collierville, Tennessee. November 3, 1863. Detachment of 3d Cavalry Brigade, 16th Army Corps. On the morning of this date, Collierville was guarded by eight companies of the 7th Illinois cavalry. Brigadier-General Edward Hatch was at Germantown with eight companies of the 6th Illinois cavalry, 4 pieces of the 1st Illinois light artillery, 450 men of the 2nd la. cavalry and a section of mountain howitzers. Learning that a force of Confederates under Chalmers had crossed the Coldwater at Quinn & Jackson's mill, and was moving on Collierville, Hatch immediately started for that place. When within 4 miles of it artillery firing announced the approach of the enemy and the reinforcements moved forward on the double-quick. The 2nd la., dismounted, received and repulsed a charge of the enemy on the right of the troops in the town. Meanwhile a Confederate brigade charged the left and rear, but was repulsed handsomely by the 6th Illinois cavalry. Page 306 The Union line was then formed to receive an expected attack on its front, but the Confederates failed to advance so the 4th Louisiana charged. The result was the rapid retreat of the enemy to the Coldwater, the Federals pursuing. Here the enemy was strongly intrenched and held his position until after dark, when he retired. The Confederates lost 6 killed and 63 wounded; their loss in missing, according to their own reports, was but 26. Hatch, however, says he captured 50. The Union loss in killed, wounded and missing did not exceed 60.


Collierville, Tennessee, December 27, 1863. Detachment of Cavalry Division, 16th Army Corps. As an incident of the operations in northern Mississippi and west Tennessee, portions of the 2nd la. and the 9th Illinois cavalry met the enemy 2 miles from La Fayette and drove him back. Here reinforcements came to the aid of the Confederates and the Union force was steadily but slowly driven back until the enemy was brought under the range of the cannon in the stockade at Collierville. No casualties were reported.


Collierville, Tennessee, January 13, 1864. Battalion 9th Illinois Cavalry. This detachment, under Major Ira R. Gifford, numbering about 60 men, moved out from Collierville in the morning. On crossing the Nonconnah river firing was heard about a mile to the left and the command was immediately deployed in that direction. After advancing through a thicket the enemy was encountered, but a single volley sent them back in confusion, leaving 1 killed and 7 wounded on the field. Four Union troopers were recaptured. The Federal force suffered no casualties. Collierville, Tennessee, June 23, 1864. Attack on train on the Charlestown & Mississippi railroad. Collierville, Tennessee, July 13, 1864. 1st Brigade, Infantry Division, Expedition into Mississippi. Collierville was reached at 9 a. m. of this date. The command rested until noon, while a party of 6, including 2 commissioned officers, went up the railroad to notify other Union forces of the column's approach. When about 3 miles out this party was attacked by a band of 15 Confederates and 2 of the members were captured. The brigade was then moved forward and near the place where the small party was attacked commenced skirmishing with the enemy. This was kept up until the arrival of the train with reinforcements. No casualties were reported.


Collierville, Tennessee, July 24, 1864. Detachment of the 46th Iowa Infantry. This was a slight skirmish between 16 men of the 46th la. and a band of 30 guerrillas. The Federals lost 3 wounded and 4 captured. The loss of the guerrillas was 2 killed and 3 wounded.


Collierville, Tennessee, November 15, 1864 . Detachment Cavalry Corps, Military District of West Tennessee. A patrol sent out from Memphis on the State Line road met a picket of 25 Confederates 5 miles beyond Germantown and drove them into Collierville. No casualties reported.


Columbia, Arkansas, June 2, 1864. Attack on U. S. S. Adams. The steamer Adams and the ram Monarch convoyed the transport Missouri from Greenville, Mississippi, up to Gaines' landing. At Columbia, Arkansas, they passed a Confederate battery of 6 guns, belonging to Marmaduke's brigade, Colonel Greene commander. They returned with the transport Henry Ames, downward bound, passing the same battery. The Ames being lashed broadside outside the Adams, received no injury: but the Adams was struck twenty-eight times and lost 4 men: 3 killed and 1 mortally wounded. Greene reported that the ironclad fired but two shots in passing and had to close her ports as a protection against a heavy fire by sharpshooters; but that she fell back a mile and shelled the batteries, with 64-pounder rifles, doing no damage.


Columbia, Kentucky, June 29, 1863. Brigadier-General Samuel P. Carter, reporting from Somerset, Kentucky, June 30, says: "I have dispatches from Colonel Wolford to 3 p. m. yesterday. The force sent after rebels in direction of Columbia encountered about 60 of them near that place, and dispersed them, capturing 2. The party sent to Creelsboro met some 50 rebels; killed 1 and captured 2 of Duke's regiment." No mention is made of what Union troops were engaged.


Columbia, Kentucky, July 3, 1863. Detachment of 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 23d Army Corps. One hundred men under Captain Carter, 1st Kentucky cavalry, met a regiment of Morgan's Confederate cavalry near Columbia and were repulsed and driven back to Columbia, where reinforcements reached them. The superior numbers of the enemy compelled the Union forces to fall back to Jamestown with a loss of 2 killed, Captain Carter mortally and 6 others slightly wounded. Six of the Confederate force were killed and 15 wounded.


Columbia, Louisiana, February 4, 1864. Columbia, Missouri, October 2, 1862. Detachment 9th Cavalry, Missouri State Militia. Brigadier-General Odon Guitar, reporting under date of October 3, says: "Parts of Companies B and C of the 9th cavalry, Missouri state militia, numbering 80 men, under Captains Garth and McFarland, attacked a band of rebels, 15 miles northwest of this place, yesterday at 11 a. m., completely routing and dispersing them, killing 1, wounding a number, and taking 1 prisoner. * * * The rebel force consisted of Captain Cameron's company, with fragments of other companies, numbering in all 75 men." Columbia, Missouri, January 21, 1863. Scout from the 61st Enrolled Missouri Militia. Late in the evening a body of men from this regiment came upon a camp of 8 Confederate captains, who immediately scattered into the heavy underbrush. The Federal troops pursued and captured 4. Two of the scouts were wounded.


Columbia, Missouri, June 17, 1864. Detachments of Missouri Enrolled Militia. Major Frank D. Evans with 5 men started from Centralia early in the morning for Columbia with 50 shotguns in a wagon. When within 2 miles of Columbia he was fired upon by a gang of guerrillas and 2 of his men were severely wounded. A running fight was then kept up for some distance, when Evans and the 2 remaining men were overpowered, and the wagon, team and arms captured. Columbia, Missouri, August 16, 1864. Missouri State Militia. A detachment of militia met the Confederate leader Holtzclaw 10 miles north of Columbia and a severe skirmish took place, resulting in the killing of 4 and the wounding of many more of the enemy. The Union troops fell back 5 miles, when Holtzclaw, having received reinforcements, attacked them again but was easily repulsed.


Columbia, Missouri, September 16, 1864. Detachments of 1st Iowa Cavalry and 3d Missouri State Militia. During a scouting expedition this command encountered the pickets of the enemy 8 miles north of Columbia. One was killed and the others pursued 3 miles. There were no casualties in the Union command.


Columbia, Missouri, February 12, 1865. 9th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. At 1:30 a. m. a detachment of 18 men under Captain H. N. Cook surprised a camp of 10 Confederates of Carter's command. 7 miles north of Columbia. Three of the enemy were killed and all the rest wounded. The casualties in Cook's command were 1 killed and 1 wounded.


Columbia, South Carolina, February 16-17, 1865. 15th Army Corps. The capture and occupation of Columbia was one of the principal incidents of the Carolina campaign. When the 15th corps, Maj .-General John A. Logan commanding, reached the south bank of the Congaree river, opposite the city, early on the morning of the 16th, it was found that the Confederates had destroyed the bridge and the engineers soon reported Page 308 that the pontoons would not reach across. No signs of surrender were manifested, but soldiers and citizens could be seen industriously removing stores from the warehouses. To check this work and save the supplies for the Union troops a section of De Gress' battery was ordered to open fire on the parties thus engaged. A few shots were sufficient, and by this means a considerable quantity of bread stuffs was saved for the use of Sherman's army. A short distance northwest of Columbia the Broad and Saluda rivers unite to form the Congaree. When it was discovered that the pontoons were insufficient to bridge the Congaree, General Sherman ordered General Howard, commanding the right wing of the army, to cross the Saluda some distance above the junction, then push a force across to the Broad river and enter the city from the north. Pursuant to this order Logan moved Hazen's division to Saluda Factory, where two regiments of Colonel Theodore Jones' brigade were ferried over in pontoon boats under fire of a small force of the enemy, which was driven rapidly across to the Broad river. Tones' object was to save the bridge over the Broad, but in this he failed, as the bridge had been previously prepared with resin and light wood and was fired in such haste that part of the Confederate cavalry was cut off and escaped up the river. Woods' division was now pushed to the front, under instructions to cross the river by daylight the next morning, but owing to the swiftness of the current some delay was experienced in effecting a crossing. A rope ferry was finally established about 3 a. m. on the 17th, and Stone's brigade was sent over in boats. Woods planting his artillery on a high bluff and pushing a strong skirmish line up to the bank of the river to cover the movement. As soon as Stone's entire command was over the river he formed his line and moved rapidly forward against the enemy in his front, driving him some distance, when an effort was made to turn the Federal left. Upon this Stone halted his command and threw up a barricade to protect his position until support could be sent across the river. Soon W. B. Woods' brigade was ferried over and Stone again advanced, quickly dispersing the Confederate cavalry that disputed his progress. About a mile from the city he was met by the mayor and city aldermen under a flag of truce, and a formal surrender of the city was made by the civil authorities. Stone then moved into the city, meeting with but slight resistance, and in a short time the national colors were floating from the capitol of South Carolina. About dark a fire broke out near Main street. A high wind was blowing and despite the efforts of officers and men to stay the progress of the flames the fire spread so rapidly that by daylight on the 18th the greater part of the city was a mass of blackened ruins. The origin of the fire has always been a mooted question. In his official report of the campaign Sherman says: "In anticipation of the occupation of the city I had made written orders to General Howard touching the conduct of the troops. These were to destroy absolutely all arsenals and public property not needed for our own use, as well as all railroads, depots, and machinery useful in war to an enemy, but to spare all dwellings, colleges, schools, asylums, and harmless private property. * * * General Wade Hampton, who commanded the Confederate rear-guard of cavalry, had, in anticipation of our capture of Columbia, ordered that all cotton, public and private, should be moved into the streets and fired, to prevent our making use of it. Bales were piled everywhere, the rope and bagging cut, and tufts of cotton were blown about in the wind, lodging in the trees and against houses, so as to resemble a snow-storm. Sdme of these piles were burning, especially one in the heart of the city near the court-house, but the fire was partially subdued by the labor of our soldiers. * * * Before one single public building had been fired by order, Page 309 the smouldering fires, set by Hampton's order, were rekindled by the wind, and communicated to the buildings around. About dark they began to spread, and got beyond the control of the brigade on duty within the city. * * * And without hesitation I charge General Wade Hampton with having burned his own city of Columbia, not with malicious intent, or as the manifestation of a silly 'Roman stoicism,' but from folly and want of sense, in rilling it with lint, cotton and tinder." Hampton strenuously denied that any fire started by his order was responsible for the destruction of Columbia, but he never denied that he ordered fires kindled within the city limits for the destruction of cotton. Colonel Stone, whose brigade was the first to enter the place, advances the theory in his report that the tires were started by escaped prisoners and citizens. He says: "A number of buildings were fired during the early part of the evening, but the fire was promptly put out before it had gained much headway. * * * About 8 o'clock the city was fired in a number of places by some of our escaped prisoners and citizens (I am satisfied I can prove this), and as some of the tire originated in basements stored full of cotton it was impossible to extinguish it." This hypothesis is borne out by the report of Howard, which contains this statement: "During the night I met Generals Logan, Woods, and other general officers, and they were taking every possible measure to stop the fire and prevent disorder. Nevertheless some escaped prisoners, convicts from the penitentiary just broken open, army followers, and drunken soldiers ran through house after house, and were doubtless guilty of all manner of villainies, and it is these men that I presume set new fires farther and farther to the windward in the northern part of the city." In view of these statements it is hardly probable that the city of Columbia was burned by Sherman's order, or with his consent. The destruction of property that might be used to advantage by the enemy was a legitimate war measure, and Sherman's order expressly stated that educational, religious and charitable institutions, and harmless private property was not to be molested. It is more than likely that some of the fires kindled by Hampton's order were responsible for at least a portion of the conflagration, but it is still more likely that liquor was indirectly the cause of the havoc wrought about the city. Stone says in his report: "I was absent from the brigade for about an hour in placing the flag on the state-house, and when I rejoined my command found a great number of the men drunk. It was discovered that this was caused by hundreds of negroes who swarmed the streets on the approach of the troops and gave them all kinds of liquor from buckets, bottles, demijohns, &c.'" Stone, therefore, ordered all the liquor destroyed, and personally saw that the order was executed so far as fifteen barrels were concerned. Howard says: "I learned, moreover, that quantities of liquor had been given to the soldiers by certain people who hoped in this manner to conciliate them and get their protection, and it is certainly true that many of our men and some of our officers were too much under the influence of drink to allow them to properly discharge their duty." General Slocum, in his description of the march from Savannah to Bentonville, published in "Battles and Leaders," says: "I believe the immediate cause of the disaster was the free use of whisky (which was supplied to the soldiers by citizens with great liberality). A drunken soldier with a musket in one hand and a match in the other is not a pleasant visitor to have about the house on a dark, windy night, particularly when for a series of years you have urged him to come, so that you might have an opportunity of performing a surgical operation on him." The losses in killed and wounded in the operations about Columbia Page 310 were comparatively light, and after a rest of two days the army again took up its march toward Charlotte and Winnsboro.


Columbia, Tennessee, July 17, 1862. Columbia, Tennessee, September 9, 1862. 42nd Illinois Volunteers.


Columbia, Tennessee, October 2, 1864. Detachment 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry. On the 1st General N. B. Forrest with his Confederate cavalry crossed the Duck river 8 miles above Columbia and attacked the railroad at Carter's Creek Station. Next day he moved toward Columbia and attacked the pickets near the town, but after several hours of skirmishing he retired. No casualties reported.


Columbia, Tennessee, November 24-28, 1864. U. S. Troops under General Schofield. To check Hood's advance on Nashville General Thomas sent Major-General John M. Schofield to the south of Duck river. Schofield's army consisted of the 4th army corps, commanded by Major-General D. S. Stanley; the 3d division of the 23d corps, under Major-General J. D. Cox; Hatch's cavalry division and the cavalry brigades of General Croxton and Colonel Capron. the entire force amounting to 18,000 infantry and four brigades of cavalry. One brigade and two regiments of Ruger's division of the 23d corps joined Schofield at Columbia. Opposed to this force was Hood's army of about 40,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry. The Confederates drove the Union cavalry from Lawrenceburg on the 22nd and from that point advanced on Columbia. Schofield sent Cox forward to that point and he arrived on the morning of the 24th, just in time to repulse a large force of the enemy that was driving back Capron's brigade on the Mount Pleasant road. By the evening of the 25th Hood had his entire army in front of Schofield, who then decided to cross to the north side of the river, as his line was already too extended to be effective in case of an assault on his position, and besides there was danger of the enemy crossing above Columbia and getting in the rear of the Federals, thus cutting off communications with Thomas at Nashville. To guard against this flank movement Schofield sent Cox, with two brigades, to the north bank of the river, and ordered Ruger to the railroad bridge, where he was to construct a bridge-head and occupy it. At daylight on the_ morning of the 26th a pontoon bridge was laid near the railroad bridge, a short distance below the town and everything made ready for a crossing, though some troops were still kept on the south side of the river in the hope that reinforcements would arrive in time to keep Hood from crossing. Not until the evening of the 27th was the south bank entirely abandoned by the Federals, though all that day the line had been closely pressed at all points by the enemy. Once on the north side of the river, Ruger was left to hold the crossing at the railroad bridge, Cox occupied a position in front of Columbia, and Stanley was moved to the rear on the Franklin pike, where he could act as a reserve and at the same time guard against a flank movement in case the enemy should effect a crossing anywhere near the town. Wilson's cavalry was guarding the fords above, and about 2 a. m. on the 29th General Wilson sent word that the Confederates were crossing in force near Huey's mill, the cavalry having crossed near the Lewisburg pike to clear the way for the main body. Stanley was then sent to Spring Hill to cover the trains and the army began to fall back to Franklin. Numerous skirmishes occurred about Columbia during these operations, but no casualties were reported.


Columbia, Tennessee, December 20, 1864. Detachment of 5th Division. Schofield's Army. The advance of the division, under General Hazen, in the pursuit of Hood, approached Columbia early in the morning. The stream was bridged and some skirmishing done with the rear-guard. The 2nd la. was sent in pursuit and captured 2 guns, 6 ambulances, a few wagons Page 311 and cattle, and scattered the rear-guard composed of Texas cavalry. The casualties were not reported. Columbia, Tennessee, December 23, 1864. (See Warfield's.)


Columbia Bridge, Virginia, May 5, 1862.


Columbia Ford, Tennessee, November 29, 1864. The skirmishing about Columbia ford on this date was a part of the operations along Duck river as Schofield was retiring toward Franklin before Hood's advance.  Columbia ford was not far from Huey's mill. (Sec Columbia.)


Columbia Furnace, Virginia, April 7, 1862.


Columbia Furnace, Virginia, April 16. 1862. 1st Squadron, Pennsylvania Cavalry; Detachments of 14th Indiana, 5th Connecticut, 28th New York, and 46th Pennsylvania Infantry. Major-General N. P. Banks, reporting under date of April 16, 1862, says: "An entire company, more than 60 men and horses, Ashby's cavalry, were captured this morning at Columbia Furnace, about 17 miles from Mount Jackson, by our cavalry and infantry. The capture includes all the officers but the captain."


Columbia Furnace, Virginia, October 7, 1864. 3d Cavalry Division, Army of the Shenandoah. In the retrograde movement of Sheridan's army from Harrisonburg, this division, commanded by Brigadier-General George A. Custer, moved by the back road toward Columbia Furnace. A slight demonstration was made by the enemy at 5 a. m. and several times during the forenoon the 1st Vermont, which was acting as rear-guard, was called on to repel attacks made by the Confederate cavalry. About 2 p. m., when near Columbia Furnace, two attacks were made in quick succession and Colonel J. W. Bennett, commanding the regiment, called for reinforcements. Part of the 8th New York and 50 men of the 1st New Hampshire were sent to him and were stationed in reserve. At 3 o'clock another attack was made, this time on the left, and Bennett fell back on his reserves to find them in full retreat. The 1st Vermont was then forced back about 2 miles to the lines of Pennington's brigade, when the enemy's advance was checked and the division proceeded on its march without further molestation.


Columbia Pike, Tennessee, April 1, 1863.


Columbine, U. S. S., Capture of, May 23, 1864. (See Horse Landing, Florida)


Columbus, Georgia, April 16, 1865. Upton's Division, Cavalry Corps, Military Division of the Mississippi. As an incident of Wilson's raid, this division arrived in the afternoon on the east bank of the Chattahoochee river opposite the Confederate defenses in front of Columbus. Upton made several reconnaissances, and at 8:30 p. m. with 300 dismounted men of the 3d la. cavalry attacked and carried the enemy's works on the Salem road. With a part of the 10th Missouri he pushed the Confederates so closely that he was able to save the bridges across the river. In the city he captured 1,200 prisoners and 52 field guns. Next day the remainder of the corps came up and destroyed the ironclad ram Jackson, about ready to be launched, burned the navy yard, paper mills, cotton factories, etc. Columbus, Kentucky, September 4, 1861. (See Hickman, same date.)


Columbus, Kentucky, March 6, 1864. Pickets of 2nd Tennessee Heavy Artillery. A party of 30 guerrillas attempted to get between the pickets of this brigade and the post, but were attacked and driven off by the pickets. No casualties were suffered by the Federal command, and the loss of the Confederates was not ascertained.


Columbus, Kentucky, March 27, 1864. Skirmishers of Brigadier-General Mason Brayman's Forces. This skirmish was an incident of Forrest's raid into West Tennessee and Kentucky. Forrest threatened Columbus and Brayman immediately moved all his available force there to resist Page 312 an attack. Aside from the slight skirmishing no engagement ensued. There was no loss on the Union side and the Confederate reports make no mention of any casualties.


Columbus, Kentucky, April 11, 1864. 34th New Jersey Infantry and 3d U. S. Colored Troops. About 1 p. m. the pickets, consisting of details of the regiments mentioned, were attacked and driven in by about 50 Confederate cavalry. Two of the Federal force were wounded. The mounted infantry was immediately sent out and pursued the enemy 7 miles, wounding 1 man.


Columbus, Kentucky, April 13, 1864. Columbus, Missouri, January 9, 1862. Detachment of the 1st Kansas Cavalry. While returning from Columbus to Morristown, Captain Clark S. Merriman, with 50 men, was fired upon from ambush and 5 of the men were killed. Finding himself outnumbered, Merriman was forced to retreat, but was soon joined by Captain Levi H. Utt, with 50 men of Company A, when the Union troops assumed the offensive, scouring the country for miles around, but without being able to inflict any punishment on the enemy. Merriman then returned to Columbus and burned the town, which was a rendezvous for Elliott's guerrillas.


Columbus, Missouri, July 23, 1862. (See Blackwater Creek, same date.)


Columbus, Missouri, July 12, 1864. Detachment of 7th Missouri State Militia. Major Thomas W. Houts, with 150 men, was sent on a scouting expedition northwest of Warrensburg. At Columbus he encountered 6 or 7 guerrillas who fled at the first volley and being well mounted managed to escape. No casualties were reported.


Columbus Road, Alabama, April 12, 1865. 7th Kentucky Cavalry. This regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel W. W. Bradley, moved out on the Columbus road from Montgomery on the 12th on a reconnaissance. Three miles out the Confederate pickets were encountered and charged, the enemy being pushed back some 3 miles to where a larger force stood ready to give battle. After a sharp skirmish at this point the Confederates again gave way and were followed for 5 miles. The Federals lost 2 men wounded and captured 3 stands of colors. The Confederate casualties were undoubtedly heavier than those of their opponent*.


Columbus Road, Alabama, April 14, 1865. 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Military Division of the Mississippi. Colonel Oscar H. La Grange, commanding the brigade, reported that on the 14th it moved on the Columbus road near Tuskegee and made a running fight of 38 miles with Clanton's brigade, killing 12 and capturing 100, with a loss of 1 killed and 11 wounded. Colwell's Ford, Tennessee, November 19, 1863.


Comanche Pass, New Mexico, March 3, 1862. Combahee Ferry, South Carolina, February 6, 1865. Lieut-General W. J. Hardee, reporting from Charleston under date of February 6, 1865, says: "Wheeler telegraphs from near Springtown, at 2:15 p. m. today, that he is skirmishing with the enemy on Little Salkehatchie. Wright, that he is skirmishing with him at Combahee." Union reports make no mention of the affair, so there is no way of knowing what Union forces were engaged.


Combahee River, South Carolina, January 28, 1865. 103d and 40th Illinois Infantry. As an incident of the campaign of the Carolinas these two regiments made a reconnaissance of the Confederate position on the Combahee river. They discovered the bridge burned and the enemy posted on the north bank of the stream. The outposts were attacked and driven back to the main force, a few prisoners being captured. The casualties were not reported.


Combahee River, South Carolina, January 29, 1865. 12th Wisconsin Battery, a brigade of the 1st Division, 17th Army Corps. During the campaign Page 313 of the Carolinas a section of this battery, supported by a brigade of infantry, moved from Garden's corners to the Combahee river, where the Confederate position on the opposite shore was shelled. The casualties were not reported.


Comite River, Louisiana, March 9-10, 1863. Detachment of 41st Massachusetts, and Cavalry. This detachment under Colonel T. E. Chickering, reached Pierce's cross-roads at 6 p. m. of the 9th. The cavalry was immediately sent out to destroy Bogler's (Montesano) and the Strickland bridges over the Comite river. The destruction of the first was accomplished without much difficulty, but a strong force of Confederates opposed the passage to the Strickland bridge and the Union cavalry was obliged to fall back. On the morning of the 10th another expedition was made against the Strickland bridge, but the roads were so heavy that it was impossible to get to it. About 11:30 the whole command moved on the Roberts or Comite bridge and after some opposition succeeded in destroying it. Confederate reports say 1 man was wounded in the Bogler's bridge attack. No mention is made of other casualties. Comite River, Louisiana, May 2, 1863. (See Grierson's Raid.)


Comite River, Louisiana, August 25, 1864. Expedition to Clinton, Louisiana. As an incident of this expedition the cavalry under General Albert L. Lee met a Confederate force at Redwood, 17 miles from Baton Rouge, and drove them to the Comite river, where they used artillery freely. After a fight of several hours Lee dislodged the enemy and drove him close to Clinton. The casualties were not reported. Commerce, Mississippi, June 17, 1863. U. S. Transports. Brigadier-General J. R. Chalmers, of the Confederate army, reported on the 26th that his artillery fired on the transports Alice Dean, Commercial and Rocket a short distance above Commerce; that altogether 47 shots were fired, 9 of which struck the Alice Dean and about 30 the other two vessels, and according to information brought in by citizens one of the vessels afterward sank and another was set on fire and abandoned. Federal reports do not mention the affair.


Commerce, Missouri, December 29, 1861. This engagement was the surprise of the town by the Confederate Brigadier-General Jeff Thompson and 27 men, who dashed into Commerce at 10 p. m. The men were all assembled and guarded while the stores of 2 Union men were ransacked. The City of Alton, a Union steamer, was fired at several times and compelled to drop back down the river.


Commercial, U. S. Steamer, September 4, 1864. (See Gregory's Landing, Arkansas)


Como, Mississippi, October 7, 1863. Troops not given. Como, Tennessee, September 19, 1863.


Como Landing, Louisiana, June 15-16, 1864. U. S. Gunboat Bragg. Colonel John S. Scott, commanding the Confederate district of Southwest Mississippi and East Louisiana, reported that on the 15th he opened fire on the Bragg, which was lying at Como landing within range of his sharpshooters, but that he was compelled to retire by the arrival of a monitor from Tunica landing, 3 miles above. At 1 a. m. on the 16th he again opened on the Bragg with his artillery, firing 42 shots, 32 of which took effect. In the second report the next day he states that the Bragg was entirely disabled and nearly all of her crew killed or wounded. (See also naval volume.)


Compton's Ferry, Missouri, August 11, 1862. (See Grand River.)


Concha's Springs, New Mexico, July 22, 1863. One company of New Mexico cavalry. Concord Church, Miss, December 1, 1864. Detachment of 2nd Wisconsin Page 314 Cavalry. Some 250 men of this regiment under Major N. H. Dale went out on the Vicksburg road from Yazoo City for the purpose of reconnoitering. At some negro quarters the enemy was discovered in considerable force and two companies were dismounted to dislodge him. Finding these two companies about to be flanked, Dale dismounted two more companies and sent them to the assistance of the first force. Just beyond the quarters was a dense undergrowth of scrub oak, and when the Confederates were driven back to this their reinforcements appeared in great numbers, charged suddenly, driving the Wisconsin troops back and capturing about 20 men of Company E. The command was then withdrawn without confusion. The casualties in Dale's command were 5 killed, 9 wounded and 25 captured or missing. The Confederates lost 2 killed and 4 wounded.


Concordia, Louisiana, July 22. 1864.


Concordia Bayou, Louisiana, August 5. 1864.


Conee Creek. Louisiana, August 25, 1864. Portion of the Cavalry of the Department of the Gulf.


Congsree River, South Carolina, February 15, 1865. (See Bates' Ferry.)


Conrad's Ferry, Virginia, June 17, 1861. 1st New Hampshire Infantry. About 10 a. m. the Confederates opened fire with artillery on the guard, consisting of five companies of the 1st New Hampshire, at Conrad's ferry. About 20 shots were fired, but no damage was done the Federal troops.


Conrad's Ferry, Virginia, October 21, 1861. (See Ball's Bluff.) Cook's Canon, New Mexico, July 10-24, 1863.


Cool Springs, Virginia, July 18, 1864. A Confederate account states that while the fight was going on at Snicker's ferry some of the Federals tried to cross the Shenandoah river at Cool Springs, but were driven back by Rodes and Wharton with considerable loss. No mention of the occurrence is found in the Union reports.


Coombs' Ferry, Kentucky, February 22, 1863. Coon Creek, Missouri, August 24, 1862. Detachment of U. S. Troops of the Department of Kansas. About 300 cavalry, while returning from Carthage to Fort Scott, suddenly encountered a force of Confederates, estimated at from 800 to 1,200 men, under Quantrill, Hays and Colonel Shelby. After a short skirmish the Federal troops were compelled to retire with the loss of 5 men killed and 15 wounded.


Coosa River, Alabama, July 13, 1864. (See Jackson's Ford.)


Coosaville Road, South Carolina, October 13, 1864. 2nd Cavalry Division, Department of the Cumberland. Orders were received by Brigadier- General Kenner Garrard, commanding this division, to learn if the Confederates had taken up their pontoon bridge, and if so on which side of the river. After advancing some 4 miles the enemy was encountered. The 1st Ohio was dismounted as skirmishers, the 3d Ohio was sent out on the flanks mounted and the 3d brigade was dismounted and brought up in line, two regiments on each side of the road. The enemy fell back after a little skirmishing and the advance continued. The Federal command was moving through a stretch of timber into which the enemy poured a hot artillery fire. When the woods ended the Confederates were discovered within long rifle range, across a stream in the edge of another piece of woods. Just as the Federal line emerged from the woods Garrard ordered a charge. After a stiff resistance the enemy gave way and was pursued for 14 miles. The killed, wounded and captured of the Confederates amounted to over 70; the Union troops Ion 14 killed and wounded and capture! 2 pieces of artillery. Page 315


Coosawatchie, South Carolina, October 22, 1862. (See Brannan's Expedition from Hilton Head.)


Coosaw River, South Carolina, December 4, 1864. 25th Ohio Volunteers.


Corbin's Bridge, Virginia, May 6-8, 1864. (See Wilderness and Spottsylvania.)


Corbin's Cross Roads, Virginia, November 10. 1862. (See Amissville.) Corbin's


Cross Roads, Virginia, September 1. 1863.


Core Creek, North Carolina, Nov 18, 1862. 3d New York Cavalry.


Core Creek, North Carolina, March 7, 1863. 58th Pennsylvania Infantry, and part of 3d New York Cavalry. As an incident of the expedition to make a demonstration against Kinston, this detachment, Colonel J. R. Jones commanding, reached the neighborhood of Core creek about 2 a. m. and found that the enemy occupied a line of works on the creek. Being unable to get across at any unobserved place, Jones ordered that a passage be forced. This was done by opening a heavy fire before daylight on the breastworks on the Dover road while a force rushed across on the single string-piece left on the bridge. The Confederates cried out that they surrendered, but escaped under cover of darkness before the Union troops could get to the enemy’s works.


Core Creek, North Carolina, April 16-18, 1863. Detachment of the 5th Division, 18th Army Corps. The detachment, commanded by Brigadier-General Henry Prince, moved out from New Berne on the morning of the 16th to reconnoiter the enemy's position in the vicinity of Kinston. That evening Captain John O'Connor, with Company G, 158th New York, was sent to the railroad bridge over Core creek, where he found about 25 Confederate pickets. A few shots were exchanged and the enemy fell back across the stream. During the night Colonel J. R. Jones, with a portion of the command, tried to cross unobserved at a blind ford, but found the water too high. Next morning he was reinforced by Colonel Jourdan and forced a passage in a sharp skirmish, in which he lost 1 man killed and 4 wounded. Jones followed the retreating Confederates for 3 miles, and on the morning of the 18th Jourdan crossed the creek, effecting a junction with Jones and extended the line to the Dover road. The enemy's loss was not learned, but 3 of his dead were buried by the Union troops.


Corinth, Mississippi, May 9, 1862. 2nd Indiana and 3d Ohio Cavalry, detachments of 77th Pennsylvania and 29th Indiana Infantry, and 1st Michigan Engineers. About 10 a. m. of this day the outposts in front of General McCook's division were assailed by the enemy's infantry. While the line of skirmishers was falling back before the enemy, Major Foster, senior officer of the cavalry detachment, dismounted part of his force so as to more effectually engage the Confederates. Meanwhile the infantry began to fall back, and Major Paramore, commanding the other squadron of the cavalry, disobeying the orders of his senior officer, also moved his command. This made it necessary for the remainder of the outposts to give way. Paramore's conduct on this occasion was the cause of an investigation. The casualties on the Federal side were slight.


Corinth, Mississippi, May 21, 1862. 22nd Brigade, 4th Division, Army of the Ohio. In the advance upon Corinth, Major-General D. C. Buell, commanding the Army of the Ohio, ordered Sedgewick's brigade of Nelson's division to make a reconnaissance in the direction of the Widow Serratt's house. Near the Driver house Sedgewick was joined by a squadron of cavalry and a battery from Wood's division, when the whole command moved forward to a high, open ridge, where the 1st Kentucky was placed on the left of the road leading to Corinth, the 20th Kentucky on the right, and two companies of each regiment were deployed as skirmishers. The enemy, in considerable force, occupied a strong position in a wood along a creek and opened fire as Page 316 soon as Sedgewick's line commenced to advance. Major Cahill, commanding the 1st Kentucky, on his own responsibility, sent Captain Williamson with Company H, into the woods on his left to protect that flank. The wisdom of this action was soon demonstrated, as the Confederates made an attempt to turn the left, but were repulsed with severe loss by Williamson's men. Sedgewick's skirmishers pressed forward to a position in front of the Widow Serratt's, when they were met by a galling lire and forced to fall back for a short distance. Two sections of the battery were then placed in position to shell the woods, the 2nd Kentucky was moved forward to a position behind a fence in front of the artillery, and the 31st Indiana was sent to support the 1st Kentucky on the left. A determined attack was made on the left, but it was repulsed, though three times the enemy rallied and tried to break that part of the line. In this part of the action Captain Williamson was wounded and 17 of his men were either killed or wounded. After the enemy had been repulsed on the left he appeared on the right with a large force of infantry, supported by a battery. Sedgewick strengthened that portion of his line and held his position, awaiting an attack, but none was made. About 5 p. m. orders came from Buell to hold on until after dark and then return to camp, leaving one regiment to deceive the enemy as to the force remaining. This order was carried out, the 31st Indiana remaining on the ground until after midnight. Sedgewick's loss in killed and wounded was 26. In his report he says: "As to the loss of the enemy we have no accurate information, but we afterward found in the immediate vicinity 35 newly-made graves, and from the evidence of prisoners since taken their loss in killed and wounded far exceed that number."


Corinth, Mississippi, May 28, 1862. (See Bridge Creek.)


Corinth, Mississippi, (Evacuation of), May 30, 1862. Occupation by U. S. Forces under Halleck. After the battle of Shiloh the Confederates retired to Corinth, where General Beauregard was joined by General Van Dorn with 17,000 men from Missouri and Arkansas. His army was further augmented by recruits from various sources until he had from 50,000 to 60,000 men fit for duty. General Halleck personally assumed command of the Union forces at Pittsburg Landing on April 11, and immediately began the work of recruiting and reorganizing the army. Pope's Army of the Mississippi was brought up from Fort Pillow; troops were brought from Missouri, and new recruits from various depots in the North came in, so that by May 1 Halleck had 100,000 men under his command. About that date he commenced his march against Corinth, meeting with more or less opposition at Farmington, Seven-mile creek, Russell's, and other places. Colonel W. L. Elliott was sent with an expedition to cut the railroad communications to the rear of Corinth, and Beauregard, seeing himself about to be surrounded, decided to evacuate the place before it was too late. Orders for such a movement were issued on the 26th, the hour of 3 a. m. being fixed upon as the time of departure. This was postponed until the following night, in order to give opportunity for the removal of the stores. To cover his intentions Beauregard ordered that "Camp fires must be kept up all night by the troops in position and then by the cavalry," and also that "Whenever the railroad engine whistles during the night near the intrenchments the troops in the vicinity will cheer repeatedly, as though reinforcements had been received." Some time after midnight the whistles and cheers were heard, as Beauregard intended they should be, and the impression was created in the Federal camps that the Confederates were being reinforced. But to be sure skirmishers were immediately sent forward to ascertain the cause of the commotion. These sent back word that trains, loaded with troops and artillery, were leaving the city. At 6 o'clock a. m. several explosions were heard, and both Pope and Sherman began the advance upon the town. By 8 o'clock both divisions were inside Page 317 the Confederate works, and an hour later Pope was in full pursuit. Halleck reported the destruction of a large amount of public property, etc., by the retreating army, and the next day telegraphed: "General Pope, with 40,000 men, is 30 miles south of Florence, pushing the enemy hard. He already reports 10,000 prisoners and deserters from the enemy and 15,000 stand of arms captured." Corinth, Mississippi, October 3-4, 1862. 2nd and 3d Divisions Army of the Mississippi, and 2nd and 6th Divisions Army of West Tennessee. When General Price was driven from Iuka on September 20, he moved southward to Baldwyn, thence to Ripley, where he effected a junction with General Van Dorn on the 28th. Van Dorn took command of the consolidated armies and immediately began preparing for an assault on Corinth. Price's corps, or the Army of the West, consisted of Hebert's and Maury's divisions, the former including the brigades of Gates, Colbert, Green and Martin, and the latter the brigades of Moore, Cabell and Phifer. Armstrong's cavalry brigade numbered three regiments, the 2nd Arkansas, Adams' Miss, regiment, and the 2nd Missouri Each brigade was accompanied by a battery, and two batteries were held in reserve. Lovell's division of the District of the Mississippi included the infantry brigades of Rust, Villepigue and Bowen, W. H. Jackson's cavalry brigade, and Dupiere's Louisiana Zouave battalion. Two batteries were with this division, which had been with Van Dorn prior to his forming a union with Price. The Union force at Corinth was under the command of Major-General William S. Rosecrans, and was organized as follows: The 2nd division, Army of the Mississippi, was commanded by Brigadier-General David S. Stanley and included the brigades of Colonels John W. Fuller and Joseph A. Mower; the third division, under Brigadier-General Charles S. Hamilton, was composed of the brigades commanded by Brigadier-Generals N. B. Buford and J. C. Sullivan; the cavalry division, Colonel John K. Mizner, was divided into two brigades, the first commanded by Colonel Edward Hatch and the 2nd by Colonel Albert L. Lee. Yates' sharpshooters, under Captain John Morrill, were unattached. The 2nd division of the Army of West Tennessee was commanded by Brigadier-General Thomas A. Davies and was composed of three brigades: the 1st under Brigadier-General P. A. Hackleman, the 2nd under Brigadier-General R. J. Oglesby, and the 3d under Colonel S. D. Baldwin. This division also contained Colonel Burke's Western sharpshooters and four field batteries. The 6th division, Brigadier-General Thomas J. McKean, included three brigades, commanded by Colonels Benjamin Allen. John M. Oliver and Marcellus M. Crocker, and five batteries. According to the field returns for September 30, Rosecrans had "present for duty" 23,077 men of all arms. The numbers of the Confederate army were about the same. Van Dorn says the field returns at Ripley, just before beginning his march, showed about 22,000 men. Besides Rosecrans' command Grant had 7,000 men under Sherman at Memphis, 12,000 under Ord and Hurlbut at Bolivar, and 6,000 as a reserve at Jackson, where he established his headquarters on October 1, in order to be within easy communication with the different detachments. Van Dorn left Ripley on September 29, and on the very day that Grant took up his headquarters at Jackson the Confederate army was at Pocahontas, about 20 miles west of Corinth, on the Memphis & Charleston railroad. As Memphis, Bolivar, Jackson and Corinth were all within striking distance. Grant was uncertain as to which place would be the point of attack. When Van Dorn reached Pocahontas he turned eastward and on the night of the 2nd bivouacked at Chewalla, 9 miles from Corinth. Federal scouts had kept Grant advised of the enemy's movements, and while the Confederates were at Pocahontas he sent word to Rosecrans to be prepared for an attack, at the same time directing Hurlbut to keep an eye on the enemy and strike him on the flank if a favorable opportunity offered. But Rosecrans was already awake to the situation. Although the general opinion at Corinth Page 318 was that Van Dorn's objective point was either Jackson or Bolivar, Rosecrans decided to take no chances. In his report he says: "To be prepared for eventualities, Hamilton's and Stanley's divisions were placed just beyond Bridge creek, the infantry outposts were called in from Iuka, Burnsville, Rienzi, and Danville, and the outpost at Chewalla retired to near Alexander's, and strengthened by another regiment and a battery early on the morning of the 2nd." This outpost was under the command of Colonel Oliver. At daybreak on the 2nd he sent scouts toward Kossuth and destroyed the bridge over the Hatchie river. Later in the day he sent a small force of infantry to the railroad near Chewalla, where the cavalry vedettes of the enemy were encountered, and a skirmish ensued in which 2 Union men were wounded. Company F, 15th Michigan, was deployed as skirmishers on the hill toward Chewalla, but were soon attacked by a strong force and driven off. Oliver then withdrew to a point some 3 miles nearer Corinth, his rear guard keeping up a continued skirmish the greater part of the way. Scouting parties sent up the Memphis & Charleston railroad brought back the information that a large force of Confederates were advancing along the line of the railroad. About this time Oliver received orders from Rosecrans to retire across Cane creek, which was done in good order, and his troops were then disposed to guard against an attack during the night. Along the north and east sides of Corinth, about 2 miles from the town, was a line of intrenchments, extending from the Chewalla road on the northwest to the Mobile & Ohio railroad on the south, that had been thrown up by Beauregard's army before the evacuation in May, while nearer the town was a line of redoubts of a much more substantial character. East of the Mobile & Ohio railroad was Battery Powell; between the Mobile & Ohio and the Memphis & Charleston roads, on the northwest of the town, was Battery Robinett; farther south, in the order named, stood Batteries Phillips, Tannrath and Lothrop, and southeast of the town, near the Memphis & Charleston road, was Battery Madison. During the last four days of September these works had been strengthened and the trees in the vicinity of Battery Robinett had been felled to form an abatis. At 1.30 a. m. on the 3d Rosecrans issued orders for the disposition of troops as follows: Hamilton's division on the right, to the east of the Mobile & Ohio railroad, and just inside the outer line of works; Davies on Hamilton's left, his right resting on the railroad; to the left of Davies was McKean, with Allen's brigade, now commanded by Brigadier-General John McArthur, on the Chewalla road, his left resting on the Memphis & Charleston road, and Stanley's division in reserve near Grant's old headquarters. Oliver was still near Alexander's, beyond the works, and Mizner's cavalry was so distributed as to keep a watch on the enemy's movements. The men were provided with three days' rations and 100 rounds of ammunition, and by a little after daylight were in their assigned positions. Van Dorn advanced, skirmishing with Oliver, who retired slowly and took up a position on a hill just inside the outer works and not far from the Memphis & Charleston railroad. By 10 a. m. the Confederates deployed in line of battle, with Lovell in front of McKean, Maury on Lovell's left, and Hebert in front of Davies. Van Dorn's purpose was to have Lovell open the fight, in the hope that Rosecrans would weaken his right to reinforce McKean, when Price would make the main assault against the Federal right and enter the works. Lovell made a determined attack on Oliver, and as soon as he became engaged Maury opened the fight with Davies' left. McArthur quickly moved four regiments to Oliver's support and at the same time Davies advanced his line to the intrenchments. These movements left a gap between Davies and McKean, through which the Page 319 Confederates forced their way about 1.30 p. m. and the whole Union line fell back to within half a mile of the redoubts, leaving 2 pieces of artillery in the hands of the enemy. During this part of the action General Hackleman was killed and General Oglesby seriously wounded. About 3 p. m. Hamilton was ordered to change front and attack the Confederates on the left flank, but through a misunderstanding of the order and the unmasking of a force on Buford's front so much time was lost that it was sunset before the division was in position for the movement, and it had to be abandoned. Van Dorn in his report says: "One hour more of daylight and victory would have soothed our grief for the loss of the gallant dead who sleep on that lost but not dishonored field." But one hour more of daylight would have hurled Hamilton's fresh brigades on the enemy's left and rear, which would in all probability have driven Van Dorn from the field and made the second day's battle unnecessary. So far the advantage had been with the Confederates, Rosecrans had been driven back at all points, and night found his entire army except pickets inside the redoubts. During the night the Confederates slept on their arms within 600 yards of the Union works, and Van Dorn readjusted his lines for the attack on the morrow. Lovell, still forming the right, was south of the Memphis & Charleston railroad, in front of Batteries Phillips and Williams and College hill. Maury touched Lovell's left, his right resting on the Purdy road north of the town. To the east of that road lay Hebert's division. On the Federal side McKean was on the extreme left, occupying College hill and Battery Phillips. Next came Stanley, who held Batteries Williams and Robinett. To the east of the Mobile & Ohio railroad was Davies, his right occupying Battery Powell, and Hamilton's division, facing north, was on the extreme right. Part of Stanley's division was held as a reserve, with instructions to aid in protecting McKean's flank or to move north of town as might be required. At 4:30 a. m. on the 4th the enemy opened with a 6-gun battery, which was soon silenced, and the Federal troops sprang to arms to resist an attack. But the attack was slow in coming. Van Dorn had directed Hebert to begin the engagement at daylight and the artillery fire was merely preliminary to enable Hebert to get into position for the assault. At 7 o'clock Hebert sent word that he was too ill to lead his division, and Brigadier-General Martin E. Green was ordered to assume command and advance at once. Nearly two hours more elapsed before Green moved to the attack, with four brigades in echelon, until he occupied a position in the woods north of town. There he formed in line, facing south, and made a charge on Battery Powell with two brigades, while the other two attacked Hamilton's line. The assault on the battery was successful, the infantry being driven back and the guns captured. Hamilton repulsed the attack on his position and then sent a portion of his command to the assistance of Davies, who rallied his men, drove the Confederates out of the battery and recaptured the guns. Maury had been engaged sometime before this occurrence. As soon as he heard the firing on his left, he knew that Davies and Hamilton would be kept too busy to interfere with his movements, and gave the order for his division to move straight toward the town. His right encountered a stubborn resistance from Battery Robinett, where a hand-to-hand combat ensued, the enemy being forced to retire with heavy losses in killed and wounded, Colonel Rogers, of the 2nd Texas, being among the killed. Phifer's brigade on the left met with better success, driving back Davies' left flank and entering the town. But their triumph was of short duration, as part of Sullivan's brigade, held as a reserve on Hamilton's left, charged on the Confederates, who were thrown into confusion in the narrow streets, and as they fell back came within range of batteries on both flanks of the Union army, the cross-fire utterly routing them. Cabell's brigade of Page 320 Maury's division was sent to reinforce the troops that had captured Battery Powell, but before they arrived Davies and Hamilton had recaptured it, and as Cabell advanced against it he was met by a murderous fire that caused his men to beat a hasty retreat without the formality of waiting for orders. Meanwhile Lovell had been skirmishing with the Union left in the vicinity of Battery Phillips, preparatory to a general advance. Before his arrangements were complete he was ordered to send a brigade to Maury's assistance, and soon afterward received orders to place his command so as to cover the retreat of the army. The battle of Corinth was over and before noon the Confederates were in full retreat. Van Dorn attributed his defeat to the failure of Hebert to open the engagement on time, but nevertheless he was superseded by General Pemberton immediately after the battle. Rosecrans' army lost at Corinth 355 killed, 1,841 wounded and 324 missing. The Confederate reports include the casualties at Davis' bridge on the 5th and aggregate 505 killed, 2,150 wounded and 2,183 captured or missing. Owing to the fatigued condition of his troops, Rosecrans postponed pursuit until the next morning. Orders were given for the men to rest and replenish their ammunition, and to be ready to move at daybreak. On the 3d Brigadier-General James B. McPherson, who had been in charge of the work of rebuilding railroads, arrived at Jackson. Grant directed him to organize two unassigned brigades into a provisional division and move at once to Corinth. He arrived there about 4 p. m. on the 4th and reported to Rosecrans, who ordered him to lead the pursuit the next morning. (See Big Hill, and Big Hatchie, Tennessee)


Corinth, Mississippi, October 5, 1862. Union Brigade. The Union Brigade was made up of detachments from the 8th, 12th and 14th Louisiana,, and the 58th Illinois While the main body of the army was in pursuit of Van Dorn a party of about 100 guerrillas made an attack upon their camp near Corinth. where they were engaged in guarding trains. The guerrillas were repulsed with a loss of 4 killed and 3 wounded. The casualties on the Federal side consisted of 1 teamster being slightly wounded.


Corinth, Mississippi, December 9-14, 1862. Expedition under Colonel T. W. Sweeny. Colonel Sweeny of the 52nd Illinois, reporting from Glendale, Mississippi, to Brigadier-General Grenville M. Dodge, says: "I surprised the outpost of the enemy, consisting of 300 men, under Colonel Warren, at Cherokee, and pursued them 5 miles, fighting all the time, when they were reinforced by the main body, 1,400 strong under Colonel Roddey, who, after a sharp engagement, took to flight and fell back on Little Bear creek, a very strong position, 4 miles from Tuscumbia, from which they were driven, after burning the bridge and all their stores and camp equipage. We captured 32 prisoners, a great number of horses, and small arms." No casualties were reported.


Corinth, Mississippi, December 23, 1863. Detachment of the 3d Illinois Cavalry. Lieutenant Horton, with 28 men, left Corinth bearing despatches to General Mower. When about 10 miles from the city he was ambushed and 2 of the men were killed. He was then pursued by some 200 Confederates to the outer line of the Corinth works, but without suffering any further casualties.


Corinth, Mississippi, January 19, 1865. 3d Division, Detachment of the Army of the Tennessee. The itinerary of the division for this date says: "Marched to Corinth, driving out Ross' brigade of the enemy, who retreated with slight skirmishing." This is the only official mention of the occurrence. Corinth, Mississippi (Note.) In addition to engagements at Corinth, specific accounts of which are given above, numerous brushes with the enemy occurred in the town and its immediate vicinity. The official records of the war mention skirmishes on August 28, 1862; June 11, August 16, November 2 and 12, 1863; and June 10, 1864. In the last named the 2nd New Jersey cavalry is mentioned as the Federal organization participating.


Corinth Road, Tennessee, April 8, 1862. 5th and 6th Divisions, Army of the Tennessee. The battle of Shiloh was fought on the 6th and 7th and on the morning of the 8th Generals Sherman and Wood advanced their divisions for a reconnaissance on the Corinth road to discover the movements of the retreating Confederates. Upon reaching the forks of the road Sherman sent forward some cavalry on each road, Wood supporting on the left hand road and Sherman on the right. After proceeding about half a mile Sherman's advance discovered an extensive camp of the enemy beyond an open field. Two companies of the 77th Ohio infantry were thrown forward as skirmishers and the 4th Illinois cavalry was held ready to charge. But the enemy assumed the offensive, charged and broke through the skirmish line, threw the supporting regiment and the cavalry into confusion, many of the men throwing away their arms in their disorderly retreat. A short distance in the rear was the Hildebrand's brigade in line of battle, upon which the troops were rallied and a countercharge was made by the 4th Illinois, which drove the Confederates back to their camp. The whole brigade was then advanced, when the camp was found to be deserted, a large quantity of equipage and ammunition having been abandoned in the hasty departure. The camp and stores were destroyed and the two divisions returned to Pittsburg landing. Sherman's loss was 15 killed and about 25 wounded, which were the only casualties reported.


Corinth Road, Mississippi, April 24-25, 1862. Cornersville Pike, Tennessee, January 28, 1864. (See Lee's House, same date.)


Corn's Farm, Tennessee, February 6, 1865. Detachment of 42nd Missouri Infantry and Hillsborough Home Guards. This engagement was the attack by a Union force of 6 men under Lieutenant William F. Haines on 3 Confederates at the farm of Jack Corn in Franklin county. It resulted in the killing of 1 of the enemy and the capture of the horses and accouterments of all 3.


Corpus Christi, Texas, March 17, 1864. Major Mat. Nolan (Confederate), reporting from Banquete under date of March 21, says: "On Thursday following, the 17th instant, at about n a. m., having concealed my forces in the chaparral, with a picket party of 2 officers and 7 men, in person, I successfully drove into town the enemy's pickets on the south side of the town, killing 1 and wounding 1 man and capturing 1 Enfield rifle." As this is the only report of the affair there is no way of knowing what Union forces were engaged.


Corpus Christi, Texas, March 22, 1864. Detachment of 20th Iowa Volunteers. Major-General John A. McClernand, commanding the 13th Army Corps, reports under date of March 24, 1864: "Major Thomson, commanding 20th regiment Iowa volunteer infantry, stationed at Aransas Pass, reports, 22nd instant, that a wood party from his command, in boats, having put in at Corpus Christi during a severe norther, was attacked there by a band of partisan rangers under Major Nolan. The rebels were repulsed with the loss of 1 killed and 3 wounded. No loss on our side."


Corydon, Indiana, July 9, 1863. Indiana Home Guards; Morgan's raid. Brigadier-General J. T. Boyle, reporting to General Hartsuff, under date of July 9, 1863, says: "The citizens of Corydon resisted Morgan, and several were killed in the fight." The affair was an incident of Morgan's Ohio raid.


Coteau, Minnesota, May 18, 1865. Scouts of District of Minnesota. A party of 5 Indian scouts discovered and attacked a war party of 8 Sioux Indians and pursued them for more than 25 miles, killing 3 and compelling the others to abandon their clothing, arms, etc., in order to make their escape. The affair took place at the head of the Coteau river, 20 miles from Wadsworth.


Cotile Landing, Louisiana, April 25, 1864. Cottage Grove, Tennessee, March 21, 1863. Troops not mentioned.


The Union Army Cotton Creek, Florida, March 25, 1865. (See Canoe Creek.)


Cotton Hill, Virginia, October 13, 1861.


Cotton Hill, West Virginia, September 11, 1862. (See Kanawha Valley Campaign.)


Cotton Plant, Arkansas, May 14, 1862.


Cotton Plant, Arkansas, April 21, 1864. U. S. Forces under Colonel C. C. Andrews. This affair was a skirmish on the Cache river. The Confederates fled across the stream, leaving 60 head of serviceable horses in the hands of the Federal force.


Cotton Plant, Arkansas, April 22, 1864. Detachment 8th Missouri Cavalry. The only mention of this affair is the report of Major William J. Teed of the 8th Missouri cavalry, which states that Colonel Matthews had a fight 18 miles above Cotton Plant, and was forced to return. Two men were killed and Lieutenant Clark and 18 men wounded.


Cotton Port Ford, Tennessee, September 30, 1863. Battalion 1st Ohio Cavalry. During the pursuit of Wheeler this battalion under Major James M. Scott was guarding Cotton Port ford. The Confederates crossed in force and after throwing a few shells into the Federal ranks attempted to surround the command. Scott, however, succeeded in escaping with a loss of 15 men captured.


Cotton River Bridge, Georgia, November 16, 1864. 15th Army Corps. On the march to Lovejoy's Station the corps, commanded by Major-General P. J. Osterhaus, encountered a body of Confederate cavalry near Cotton river. The enemy retreated before Osterhaus' advance, setting fire to the bridge, but some mounted infantry, which was in close pursuit extinguished the flames and in less than an hour the bridge was repaired and the pursuit continued. No casualties reported.


Courtableau Bayou, Louisiana, May 22, 1863.


Courtland, Alabama, July 25, 1862. Two companies of 10th Kentucky, and detachment of 1st Ohio Cavalry. Companies A and H of the l0th Kentucky and a part of Captain Eggleston's company of Ohio cavalry constituted the guard at the railroad bridge near Courtland. About 8 a. m. it was attacked by a strong force of Confederate cavalry and after a resistance of about half an hour was obliged to surrender. The loss of the surrendered party was 1 killed and 3 wounded. Captain Henry G. Davidson commanded the Federal guard.


Courtland, Alabama (Expedition to), April 15-May 2, 1863. 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps. On April 15 Brigadier-General G. M. Dodge with this division moved east from Corinth, Mississippi, into Alabama. Not until the third day out did the command encounter the enemy, when it met with some opposition to its crossing Great Bear creek. Through a feint, however, at Jackson's and Ballings' fords, the cavalry was pushed across the stream at Steminine's ford. Colonel Florence M. Cornyn, leading the cavalry, met the Confederates after he had proceeded a mile from the ford, the enemy falling back slowly for 4 miles. Roddey, the Confederate commander, meantime got between the Union cavalry and infantry. Colonel Moses M. Bane, commanding the 3d brigade, on learning of Roddey's move, immediately pressed forward and fell on the enemy's rear-guard at Cherokee Station. Bane then joined Cornyn at Lundy's Lane, where the latter had just charged Roddey's flank. Cornyn advanced with his cavalry and attempted to draw the enemy into a position where the infantry under Bane could get a cross fire on them. Bane's command, however, fired too quickly and the ambuscade was not wholly successful. Lieutenant-Colonel J. J. Phillips, with the mounted infantry of Cornyn's command, had meantime driven another body of Confederates beyond Barton's station. On the 18th (Saturday) Dodge fell back to Great Bear creek with the advance to await Colonel Streight. On Sunday Streight disembarked his troops at Eastport and joined Dodge. Monday and Tuesday the joint forces scoured the country Page 323 for mounts for Streight's command, which was starting on a raid into Georgia. Early Wednesday morning the column moved on Tuscumbia. About 5 miles from that place, at Rock cut, the enemy showed fight, but the force was dispersed by the artillery fire. On Thursday morning the division crossed the Little Bear creek. The enemy anticipating an attempt of the Union cavalry to get to their rear had retired to Tuscumbia, but when the Union force approached the town it was taken without difficulty. Phillips was sent with two squadrons of cavalry and a section of a battery to take Florence, which was done after a little skirmishing. Cornyn with the remainder of the cavalry was sent in the direction of Courtland to "feel" the enemy. Two miles beyond Leighton he came up with the rear guard of a force of 3,000, and routed them. At midnight on the 26th Streight took his command and started on his raid into Georgia, going south from Tuscumbia. On the 27th Dodge advanced toward Courtland, driving the enemy across Town creek late that evening. The following morning the stream was so swollen that it was impossible to cross by fording and it was necessary to set about building bridges. This work was done under heavy fire from the enemy on the opposite bank. Late in the afternoon word was brought to the Confederate commander that Streight was at Moulton, and thinking that he was heading for Decatur, the whole Confederate force was at once hurried there, allowing Dodge meantime to enter Courtland unmolested. After a few hours' rest in Courtland the command was countermarched to Corinth, reaching there on May 2. The Union loss in killed, wounded and missing did not exceed 100, while the enemy's loss was about three times that number.


Courtland, Alabama, March 8, 1864. U. S. Forces under Lieutenant-Colonel Jesse J. Phillips. Brigadier-General G. M. Dodge in his report from Pulaski under date of March 11, 1864, says: "After taking Decatur I pushed my forces out under Lieutenant-Colonel Phillips. He captured Courtland, driving the enemy out, and followed them up, crossing the mountains, captured Moulton. We took a number of prisoners, a large amount of stores, and a large quantity of artillery and rifle ammunition; also 100 sacks of salt, stock, etc."


Courtland, Alabama, July 27, 1864. Detachment of 3d Brigade, 4th Division, 16th Army Corps. As an incident of an expedition from Decatur to Courtland, the advance guard of infantry was fired upon as it approached the latter place about 9 a. m. The main force of the enemy was found drawn up in line in a strong position half a mile beyond the town. The Federal forces, under Colonel William T. C. Grower, were deployed and artillery opened on the earthworks. The whole line was then ordered forward, but the Confederates had retreated down the Tuscumbia road. The cavalry was sent in pursuit but failed to come up with the fleeing foe. Two men were killed and 4 wounded in the Union command, while the enemy lost 4 killed and 6 wounded.


Courtland, Tennessee, August 22, 1862. 42nd Illinois Volunteers. Courtney's Plantation, Mississippi, April 11, 1863.


Cove Creek, Arkansas, November 8, 1862.


Cove Gap, West Virginia, June 23, 1864 .


Cove Mountain, Virginia, May 10, 1864. Averell's Cavalry Division, Army of West Virginia. On the afternoon of this date Brigadier-General W. W. Averell attacked some 5,000 Confederates, under Generals Morgan and Jones, in a strongly posted position at Grassy lick on Cove mountain, not far from Wytheville. The fight was opened by the 14th Pennsylvania and 1st Virginia, while Duffle's brigade was formed in line of battle with the 74th Ohio infantry on the right, then the 2nd Virginia, and the 3d Virginia on the extreme left. The enemy pressed both flanks, but the Union troops held their position for 4 hours, when darkness came on and the enemy withdrew. Averell reported his loss as 114 in killed and wounded.


Cove Point, Maryland, August 22, 1864. Detachment of 5th Massachusetts Colored Cavalry. This was an attack on 7 men, including a sergeant, who had gone to investigate a case of blockade-running. The men were eating breakfast on the beach when they were fired into by a party of bushwhackers and the sergeant and 2 men fell. The others retreated hastily and on foot, not having time to secure their horses.


Covington, Georgia, July 21-24, 1864. 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland. Garrard's Raid. On the 21st Brigadier-General Kenner Garrard, commanding the division, received orders from General Sherman to move to Covington, about 40 miles east of Atlanta, and destroy the railroad and wagon road bridges in that direction to prevent reinforcements or supplies from reaching Johnston's army from the east. The order was promptly executed and on the 24th Garrard reported the following results: "Three road bridges and one railroad bridge (555 feet in length) over the Yellow river, and one road and one railroad bridge (250 feet in length) over the Ulcofauhachee, were burned. Six miles of railroad track between the rivers were well destroyed. The depot and a considerable quantity of quartermaster and commissary stores at Covington were burnt. One train and locomotive captured at Conyers and burnt. * * * Over 2,000 bales of cotton were burnt. A large new hospital at Covington for the accommodation of 10,000 patients from this army and the Army of Virginia, composed of over 30 buildings besides the offices, just finished, were burnt, together with a very large lot of fine carpenter's tools used in their erection." Garrard also captured and destroyed a large number of hospital tents at Covington, captured 151 prisoners, 11 of whom were commissioned officers, and brought in about 200 negroes. The Union loss during the raid was 2 men, 1 of whom was killed by accident.


Covington, or Fort Mitchel, Kentucky, September 10, 1862.


Covington, Louisiana, July 27, 1862. 12th Connecticut Infantry, and section of 2nd Vermont battery. As an incident of an expedition to Lake Pontchartrain this command landed at Covington on the Tchefuncta river. A small party of the enemy was driven from the town. Owing to the heat the stay in town was not long. When the troops had reembarked the boat was fired upon by a force of Confederates concealed in the brush. The fire was promptly returned by both infantry and artillery, and the enemy driven from his position. The casualties in the Union force were 2 who died from sunstroke and 3 wounded in the attack on the vessel.


Covington, Tennessee, March 9, 1863. 6th and 7th Illinois Cavalry. As an incident of an expedition from La Grange, Tennessee, this force under Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson came upon the Confederates under Richardson at Big creek, 3 miles southeast of Covington. Grierson attacked and routed them, killing 2 and wounding 5, and taking some 70 prisoners. No casualties were suffered by the Union force.


Covington, U. S. S., May 5, 1864. (See Alexandria, Louisiana)


Covington, Virginia, November 9, 1863. Two squadrons 8th West Virginia Mounted Infantry. During the expedition against Lewisburg, West Virginia, Major Hedgman Slack, commanding two squadrons of the 8th West Virginia mounted infantry, was sent to drive back a Confederate force hovering upon the Federal right. He had not proceeded far before he met the enemy's scouts and soon afterward their pickets, which were driven for 3 or 4 miles. Near Covington the enemy opened with artillery and the Federals retired. No casualties were reported.


Covington, Virginia, December 19, 1863. (See Jackson's River.)


Covington, Virginia, June 2, 1864. Cowan, Tennessee, October 9, 1863. Detachment of 28th Kentucky Infantry. Lieutenant Robert Cairns with about 70 men was guarding the railroad track and tunnel between Cowan and Tantalon. About 7 p. m., while this guard Page 325 was preparing supper, a cavalry force of the enemy appeared and the Federals scattered and fled in every direction after firing a few desultory shots. No casualties were reported.


Cow Creek, Kansas, November 14-28, 1864. 54th U. S. Colored troops (2nd Arkansas), and 3d Kansas Indian Home Guards.


Cow Creek, Kansas, December 4, 1864. (See Fort Zarah.)


Cow Ford Creek, Florida, April 2, 1864. Detachment of 14th New York Cavalry. The Federal picket line at Barrancas having been attacked by the 'Confederates, Brigadier-General Alexander Asboth sent Captain Adolph Schmidt with 30 men of Company M, 14th New York cavalry, in pursuit. Schmidt came up with the enemy drawn up in line of battle across the Cow Ford creek, near Pensacola, and immediately charged them, and after a hand-to-hand fight succeeded in killing or wounding 10 or 15 of the number, and capturing 11 men, 6 horses, 21 muskets and 4 sabers. The Federal casualties were 3 men wounded.


Cowpen Ford, South Carolina, February 6, 1865. 17th Army Corps. This was a skirmish between the advance of the corps and the skirmishers of the enemy, in which the latter were driven back. The casualties were not reported.


Cowskin, Missouri, August 5-7, 1864. 8th Missouri Militia Cavalry. Lieutenant Malcolm Hunter with 60 men was sent out to locate a band of guerrillas said to be hovering about Cowskin river. The enemy's pickets were located and driven in, but he had not proceeded much farther when the Confederates attacked his rear and flanks. Hunter then commenced falling back, keeping up a running fight for 4 miles, when the enemy retired. The Federals lost 3 killed and 9 missing, while the Confederates lost 3 killed and a number wounded.


Cowskin Bottom, Missouri, January 23, 1864. Detachment of the 8th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Captain Milton Burch with 30 men started to the Seneca Nation to drive out a band of Confederates operating there. The advance guard consisting of 6 men came upon a squad of 10 at a house and charged them, killing 2 and wounding several. The remainder were dispersed in the thick undergrowth of the bottom.


Cox's Bridge, North Carolina, March 19-20, 1865. 15th Army Corps. On the afternoon of the 19th some 500 Confederate cavalry appeared on the road leading to Cox's bridge and were driven back by a regiment of this corps. Generals Wood and Corse moved their divisions up and took position, while Smith's division was intrenched. The following morning Wever's brigade advanced and drove the enemy across the bridge, compelling him to burn it. The casualties were not reported. The engagement was an incident of the campaign of the Carolinas.


Cox's Bridge, North Carolina, March 23, 1865. Provisional Army Corps. The pickets of the 3d division were driven in by a reconnaissance of the enemy, who were in turn driven back from the main line. This affair occurred during the campaign of the Carolinas.


Cox's Hill, Tennessee, January 3, 1863, 6th Tennessee, parts of the 60th Illinois, 10th Michigan, and 52nd Ohio Infantry, and detachments of the 3d and 4th Ohio and 2nd Tennessee cavalry. In pursuance of orders from General Trewhitt, Colonel Daniel McCook with this command started on the morning of the 3d to escort an ammunition and hospital train from Nashville to Murfreesboro. Seven miles from Nashville, near Blood's, he met General Wheeler and Colonel Wade with 3,000 men and 3 pieces of artillery. The cavalry first engaged the enemy but was driven back in some confusion. The I1l. and Michigan troops moved quickly forward to a commanding position in the timber to the right of the road, opened a destructive fire upon the enemy and put him to flight. The Federal loss was 1 killed and 1 wounded, while the Confederate casualties amounted to 15 killed, 11 wounded and 14 captured.


Cox's Plantation, Louisiana, July 12-13, 1863(See La Fourche.)


Coyle Tavern, Virginia, August 24, 1863. 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry.


Crab Gap, Tennessee, December 5, 1863.


Crab Orchard, Kentucky, August 22, 1862. 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry.


Crab Orchard, Kentucky, October 15, 1862. (See Lancaster.)


Crab Orchard Road, Kentucky, October 15, 1862. (See Lancaster.)


Craig's Meeting-House, Virginia, May 5-7, 1864. (See Wilderness.)


Crampton's Gap, Maryland, September 14, 1862. (See South Mountain.) Cranberry Summit, Maryland, April 26, 1863. As an incident of Jones' raid on the Northwestern railroad, Colonel A. W. Harman with the 12th Virginia cavalry captured the Federal guard at Cranberry Summit. The Union force consisted of 15 men, who with 20 citizens also taken, were later paroled. The only mention of the affair is Harman's report, so there is no way of knowing what Union forces participated.


Crane Creek, Missouri, February 14, 1862. Bowen's Battalion Missouri Cavalry. While this command was in the advance of the main column in the Pea ridge, or Elkhorn tavern, Arkansas, operations it came suddenly upon a Confederate camp at Cane creek. Missouri Ten shells were thrown into it, killing 15 and wounding 9 of the enemy. Finding himself being flanked Bowen fell back to his camp. No casualties were reported in his command.


Craven's Plantation, Mississippi, August 14, 1863. (See Grenada, Expedition to.)


Cravensville, Missouri, August 5, 1862. Detachment of 1st Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Thirty-five men under Lieutenant Goodbrake and Captain Vickers were fired upon from the brush by a band of guerrillas. The Federal soldiers immediately returned the fire and a general engagement was precipitated which lasted for an hour and a half. The result was the defeat of the Confederates with a loss of 6 killed and 10 wounded. The Union casualties were 5 wounded.


Crawford, Alabama, April 16, 1865.


Crawford County, Arkansas, November 25, 1863, August 11, and October 19, 1864.


Crawford County, Missouri, November 25, 1862. Missouri Enrolled Militia.


Creek Agency, Indian Territory, October 25, 1863. 1st Kansas Indian Home Guards and 2nd Indiana Battery.


Creek Head, Kentucky, April, 1863. U. S. Troops under Captain I. Stough. Brigadier-General O. B. Willcox reporting under date of April 24, 1863, says: "The gallant Captain I. Stough has had another skirmish with the rebels. Attacked them below Creek Head. Killed 4 men and 3 horses, and captured 9 prisoners and 5 horses. No loss on our side. Enemy retreated across the Cumberland."


Creelsboro, Kentucky, April 19. 1863. Detachments of nth and 12th Kentucky Cavalry. Lieutenant-Colonel William E. Riley with about 160 men of these two regiments surprised a band of 60 or 70 Confederates while they were looting a store in Creelsboro. A sharp skirmish ensued for a few minutes when the enemy turned and fled, leaving 1 man dead. The Union force pursued and captured 16. No casualties were suffered by the attacking party.


Creelsboro, Kentucky, June 29, 1863. (See Columbia, same date.)


Creelsboro, Kentucky, December 7, 1863. 13th Kentucky Cavalry.


Crescent City (Transport), May 18, 1863. 4th Division, 16th Army Corps. The division was enroute down the Mississippi to Grand Gulf. When within 15 miles of Greenville by way of the river and 7 miles across the intervening land, the advance boat, the Crescent City, was several times fired upon from the Mississippi side, where a Confederate force with 4 cannon were stationed, and 14 men of the 3d Iowa were wounded. By order of Brigadier-General Lauman, all the troops landed. Cavalry was hurried to the place where the battery had been planted, but it had been removed. Page 327After an unavailing chase of 9 miles over strange and difficult country roads the Federals returned to their boats.


Crew's Farm, Virginia, July 1, 1862. Crew's farm was on Malvern hill, where the last of the Seven Days' battles was fought. One of the principal assaults of the day was made near the Crew house. (See Seven Days' Battles.)


Cricket Hill, Virginia, March , 1864. Detachment of U. S. Troops under Captain Robert McLaughlin. Brigadier-General Charles K. Graham reporting to Major-General Butler under date of March 22, 1864, says: "Captain McLaughlin landed with his detachment at Cricket Hill and had an engagement with a superior force of the enemy. He retired under the fire of the gunboats without sustaining any loss, and inflicting some loss on the enemy." The engagement was an incident of an expedition to the Piank 1tank.


Cripple Creek, Tennessee, May 17, 1863. (See Bradyville Pike.)


Cripple Creek, Tennessee, May 25. 1864. Mounted Detachment of 115th Ohio Infantry. Captain I. N. Campbell reporting under date of May 25, says: "On my return from escorting Major Rodgers, paymaster, to McMinnville, when near Cripple creek, on Woodbury pike, I heard of some guerrillas crossing the pike and going into the cedars. I followed them and overtook the party (five men, mounted and armed with carbines and revolvers) near the house of Jesse Beshears. They were drawn in line across the lane, but after exchanging one round fled to the cedars. We killed 1 of the party, but the balance succeeded in making their escape. They appeared to be loaded with goods, and undoubtedly belonged to the band of guerrillas that have been plundering in the vicinity of Shelbyville."


Crittenden, Kentucky, June 27, 1864. Colonel Ephraim Ball reporting from Covington under date of June 27, says: "The town of Crittenden has been attacked by 20 rebels, who are said to be gathering a force to capture a wagon train, which is now on the pike, a short distance this side of that place." This is the only mention of the affair in the official records, so there is no way of knowing what Union forces, if any, were engaged.


Croatan, North Carolina, May 5, 1864. Detachment of 5th Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. At 7 a. m. this command, which formed one of the outposts of the Union force at New Berne, was attacked by a vastly superior force of the enemy. Several shells were thrown by the Confederate artillery and a summons to surrender was then sent to Captain John Aigan, commanding the garrison. Appreciating the futility of attempting to hold out Aigan acceded to the demand and his force of 3 officers and 49 men was taken by the enemy. The only casualty was the wounding of 1 member of the garrison.


Croghan's Ranch, California, May 7, 1862. Detachment of Company F, 2nd California Infantry. Lieutenant Flynn with this detachment, while on a scout near Mad river, received a volley from a band of Indians in ambush. The citizen guide was the only member of the party injured. The troops rushed into the timber in pursuit, but were unable to find the foe, who escaped in the thick undergrowth.


Crooked Creek, Alabama, April 30, 1863. (See that part of Streight's raid that refers to this date about Day's gap.)


Crooked Creek, Arkansas, February 5, 1864. Detachment of 1st Arkansas Cavalry. On a scout to Crooked creek this detachment, under Captain Chas. Galloway, pursued and scattered a force of 300 Confederates, killing and wounding a number. One Union officer was injured in the arm.


Crooked Creek, Missouri, August 24, 1862. 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry, Missouri State Militia. The advance of the battalion came suddenly upon a Confederate force, not far from Dallas, strongly posted behind a cornfield fence. When the enemy opened fire the advance came rushing back Page 328 through the lines of the rest of the command, throwing them into confusion also. The enemy was quick to take advantage of the disorder and advanced rapidly. Half a mile back 20 of the Federal command dismounted and held the enemy in check, finally compelling him to fall back. The Federal loss was 3 killed, 6 wounded and 2 missing. The Confederate casualties were 6 killed and a number wounded.


Crooked River, Florida, May 20, 1862. While a boat containing 21 men from the blockading squadron was landing near the mouth of the Crooked river, it was fired upon from ambush by a party of 33 Confederates under Captain Haley T. Blocker, and all but 4 of the landing party either killed or wounded. The only mention of the affair is in a Confederate report, so there is no way of ascertaining who the Union participants were.


Crooked River, Ore., May 18, 1864. 1st Oregon Cavalry.


Crooked Run, Virginia, September 18, 1863.


Crook's Run, Virginia, April 29, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac. In the beginning of the Chancellorsville campaign a part of the brigade crossed the Rappahannock river at Kelly's ford in advance of the 12th corps and skirmished with the enemy's cavalry along the little stream known as Crook's run. As no detailed report of the action was made the losses can not be ascertained.


Cross Bayou, Louisiana, July 4, 1864.


Cross Hollow, Arkansas, July , 1863. Detachment of the 1st Arkansas Cavalry. During the month of July skirmishes in the vicinity of Cross Hollow were of common occurrence. The one reported here, the exact date of which is uncertain, was between a scouting party from the 1st Arkansas and one from Cabell's Confederate command, in which 8 of the enemy were killed and 6 horses captured without casualty to the Union troops. Cross Hollow, Arkansas, October 18, 1862. March 30, 1863.


Cross Keys, Virginia, June 8, 1862. U. S. Forces under Major-General John C Fremont. While McClellan was conducting his campaign against Richmond, Lee sent Stonewall Jackson to operate in the Shenandoah Valley, with a view to make the Federal government believe that Washington was to be attacked, thus holding as many Union troops as possible away from the Confederate capital. After the defeat of Banks at Winchester on May 25, and the pursuit of that officer to the Potomac river by Jackson, Fremont, Banks and Shields' division of McDowell's corps, were all directed to the capture or destruction of Jackson's army. Fremont's command numbered about 18,000 men, and was made up of Blenker's division, consisting of the brigades of Stahel, Steinwehr and Bohlen; the separate brigades of Cluseret, Milroy, Bayard and Schenck, and two regiments (3d West Virginia and 6th Ohio) of cavalry. Cross Keys was the junction of several roads, and was about half way between Harrisonburg and Port Republic. As Jackson retreated up the valley, closely pursued by Fremont, he left Ewell's division, numbering about 8,000 men, at Cross Keys, while with the main body he pushed on to Port Republic to provide a way of crossing the Shenandoah river. Fremont reached Harrisonburg on the 7th and sent Milroy on a reconnaissance toward Port Republic. By this means he learned that Ewell was at Cross Keys and resolved to attack him before he could join Jackson. Accordingly, at 6 a. m. on Sunday, the 8th, he moved out with Cluseret's brigade in advance. Ewell had taken a strong position behind Mill creek, his batteries being placed to command the Port Republic road, his right resting on that road about a mile from Cross Keys and his line running nearly parallel to the road to within half a mile of Cross Keys, where his left was slightly refused. At 8:30 Cluseret encountered the enemy's skirmishers and the fight commenced. Fremont formed his line of battle with Schenck on the right, Stahel on the left and Milroy in the center. As Page 329 first formed the line was nearly at right angles to that of Ewell, but by swinging round on his right, Fremont brought his line parallel to the enemy's with Mill creek between them. While this movement was being executed Ewell detached Trimble's brigade from his right and moved it to his left to confront Stahel. This brought the heaviest part of the contest on the Union left. The 39th New York (the Garibaldi Guard) made a spirited bayonet charge about 9 o'clock and drove back the Confederate right, when Stahel, supported by Bohlen, entered the woods with the remainder of his infantry and soon became hotly engaged. Concerning this part of the action, Fremont says: "After an obstinate contest of three hours, during which the bayonet was used to extricate one of our batteries from more than three regiments of the enemy, and after some desperate struggles, in which canister shot was used to repel him from an attempt to take Johnson's and Schirmer's batteries, the brigade withdrew from the wood in good order, taking up another position under the support of Bohlen's and Steinwehr's brigades." In the meantime, Schenck had been doing some lively skirmishing, but had not become heavily engaged. Milroy made several gallant attacks on the enemy in his front, drove him back from point to point, penetrated the center of his line, and had almost reached his guns, when Stahel withdrew from the woods and the order to retire was given. Milroy protested, claiming that in a little while longer he could drive the enemy entirely from the field, but he finally obeyed the order. The fight lasted until 4 p. m., and that night Fremont's men bivouacked on the ground where their line was first formed in the morning. The Union loss at Cross Keys was 114 killed, 443 wounded and 127 missing. Ewell reported his casualties as 41 killed, 232 wounded and 15 missing, but Fremont says in his account of the battle: "More than 200 dead were discovered in one field alone and buried by our men." The battle of Cross Keys and the engagement at Port Republic the next day drove Jackson from the Shenandoah Valley. (This action at Cross Keys is sometimes called Union Church.)


Cross-Roads, Arkansas, March 27, 1864. Detachment of 11th Missouri Cavalry. Captain A. B. Kauffman, with this detachment, encountered a band of guerrillas, about 25 in number, and so completely overwhelmed them that only 5 or 6 of the whole number escaped. No casualties were reported in the Federal command.


Cross-Lanes, West Virginia, August 26, 1861. 7th Ohio Infantry. This regiment, the advance of General Cox's command, was attacked at Cross-lanes, near Summerville, while at breakfast. The surprise was so complete that the Confederate force under Floyd met with little resistance, the Federals fleeing at the first volley. The casualties were not reported.


Cross Timbers, Missouri, July 28, 1862.


Cross Timbers, Missouri, October 16, 1863. 18th Iowa Volunteers. Cross Timbers is in Hickory county, not far from Humansville. The skirmish on this date was an incident of Shelby's raid, though no detailed account of the affair is given in the official reports. (See Humansville.)


Crossville, Tennessee, December 9, 1863.


Crowley's Ridge, Arkansas, May 11, 1863. (See Taylor's Creek.) Crow House, Virginia, March 31, 1865. 2nd and 3d Divisions, 2nd Army Corps. In extending the Federal lines to the left to envelop Lee's right flank at Petersburg, the 2nd corps took position along the south side of Hatcher's run. Hays' division (2nd) on the right opposite the Crow house, a mile east of the Boydton road and 7 miles southwest of Petersburg. On the right of Hays was Turner's division of the 24th corps, which supported him on the 31st when a reconnaissance was made toward the Crow house, where the enemy had two redoubts connected by a line of breastworks. Page 330 In this reconnaissance skirmishers and sharpshooters got so near that the Confederates could not use their artillery, but the heavy slashing in front was so dense that a large body of troops could not be used to advantage and the attempt to carry the works was abandoned. About the same time Mott's division (3d) tried to carry the enemy's works at the crossing of the Boydton road over the run, but was repulsed with a loss of 108 men in killed, wounded and missing. Hays' loss at the Crow house was 16.


Crow's Station, Missouri, May 26, 1862. 24th Missouri Infantry. About 170 of Coleman's men attacked the escort of a wagon train comprising 80 men of the 24th Missouri infantry. Nine of the wagons were burned and several men killed on each side.


Crow's Valley, Georgia, February 24-26, 1864 . (See Dalton, same date.) Crump's Creek, Virginia, May 27, 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac. The brigade, Brigadier-General George A. Custer commanding, moved from Hanovertown toward the Totopotomy river by two roads. After proceeding a short distance the 1st and 6th Michigan, who were moving on the road toward Hanover Court House, encountered a superior force of the enemy's cavalry dismounted and holding the woods on each side of the road. Custer sent word to the 5th and 7th Michigan, who were on the road to Haw's shop, to attack the enemy on the rear. The 5th charged and drove the Confederates in great disorder to Crump's creek, where they took up a new position and tried to check Custer's farther advance. The 5th Michigan was dismounted and deployed on the right, while the 7th charged with the saber on the left. Without waiting to receive the charge the enemy broke and fled in confusion, followed for 3 miles by the 7th, which captured a large number of prisoners.


Crump's Cross Roads, Virginia, July 2, 1863. (See Baltimore Cross- Roads.)


Crump's Hill, Louisiana, April 2, 1864. 1st and 4th Brigades, Cavalry Division, Department of the Gulf. General A. L. Lee with the cavalry division was sent out to make a reconnaissance in force. Twelve miles from Natchitoches the Confederate pickets were encountered and rapidly driven to a hill on Crump's plantation, where the road forks, one road leading to Many and the other to Pleasant Hill. On each road was a battery of 3 pieces commanding an open field half a mile in width. The 14th New York cavalry charged the enemy and drove a body of them in confusion. While the section of the 5th U. S. artillery was being placed in battery the enemy charged, but was met by a countercharge of the 6th Missouri cavalry and driven back, the whole force then retreating. The 4th brigade followed 3 miles on the Pleasant Hill road and the 1st 4 miles on the Many pike. The casualties were not reported. This engagement was an incident of the Red River campaign.


Crump's Landing, Tennessee, April 4, 1862. 5th Ohio Cavalry, 48th, 70th, and 72nd Ohio Volunteers.


Cuba, Missouri, May 13, 1864. Detachments of the 15th Missouri State Militia and Enrolled Missouri Militia. This command, suddenly called together, surprised a party of 30 guerrillas 6 miles northeast of Cuba at 1 p. m. The Confederates had dismounted to get dinner when they were fired upon by the Union troops. Two of the enemy were killed and the remainder scattered. A number of horses, guns, etc., were captured by the attacking force.


Cuba, Missouri, September 29, 1864.


Cub Run, Virginia, January 5, 1863.


Culpeper, Virginia, December 18, 1863. Pickets of 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division. A party of the enemy's cavalry, 30 strong, made a dash on the pickets of the 2nd brigade on the Sperryville road, and captured 1 man. The Confederates were immediately driven off and pursued by the reserve.


Culpeper, Virginia, September 19, 1864.


Court House, Virginia, July 12, 1862. Part of Banks' Division, Army of Virginia. In the operations of the army in central Virginia, General Pope directed General Banks to occupy Culpeper Court House with all his cavalry and a brigade of infantry, and then to push forward his cavalry across the Rapidan river in the direction of Gordonsville. Some skirmishing occurred during the movement, no detailed account of which is to be found in the official records of the war.


Culpeper Court-House, Virginia, September 13, 1863. 1st Brigade, 3d Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac. After making a detour to the left from Brandy Station, where the Confederates had been driven back, this brigade encountered the enemy's skirmishers in the vicinity of the Court House and drove them back upon their main line on a range of hills. Here with a battery of artillery the enemy made a determined stand. After a few shells were thrown from the Union batteries a gallant charge was made by the 2nd New York cavalry, resulting in the capture of 2 pieces of the enemy's battery and the dispersing of the reserve.


Culpeper-Court-House, Virginia, October 1, 1863. December 23, 1863.


Culpeper Court House, Virginia, October 11, 1863. 3d Brigade, 3d Division, 3d Army Corps. In the Bristoe campaign, Brigadier-General J. B. Carr, commanding the division, received orders on the 10th to move his command early the next morning toward the Rappahannock river. The movement was commenced about 7 a. m. and 2 hours later the pickets of the 3d brigade were attacked by a large force of Confederate cavalry, commanded by General Stuart in person. Colonel A. N. McDonald, of the 106th New York, repulsed the attack with his regiment, but suffered a loss of 3 killed, 10 wounded and 25 missing. He estimated the enemy's loss as being three times as heavy as his own.


Culpeper Ford, Virginia, February 6. 1864. 3d Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac. The only official mention of an affair at Culpeper ford on this date is in the report of Brigadier-General Judson Kilpatrick. who states that during the operations along the Rapidan river he crossed part of his division at Culpeper ford. The movement was attended by slight skirmishing, but no casualties were reported. It was part of the movement that culminated in the engagement at Morton's ford on the same date. (See Morton's ford.)


Cumberland, Maryland, August 1, 1864. U. S. Troops of Reserve Division, Department of West Virginia. At 4 p. m. a force of Confederates under Generals McCausland and Bradley T. Johnson attacked the garrison at Cumberland, under Major-General B. F. Kelley. The fight which ensued was principally at Falck's mills, on the Baltimore pike, and lasted until 8 p. m. It was a drawn battle, neither side being able to dislodge the other. During the night the enemy withdrew, leaving 8 dead and some 30 wounded. The Federal casualties were not reported.


Cumberland, Maryland, February 21, 1865. Confederate Raid. About 100 of Rosser's Confederate cavalry, under command of Lieutenant McNeill, made a raid on Cumberland about 3 a. m., surprised the pickets, and captured Generals Crook and Kelley and a few other prisoners, after which they made their escape. A detachment of cavalry under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Whitaker, of the 1st Connecticut, followed for some distance but failed to overtake the Confederates.


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, February 14, 1862. Detachment of 1st Battalion, Kentucky Cavalry. A reconnaissance made under Lieutenant-Colonel Munday with one company attacked the Confederate pickets at Cumberland gap, killing 5, wounding 2 and capturing 2. Eight horses, 7 sabers, and 5 double barreled shotguns were also taken. The Federal command suffered no casualties.


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, March 21-23, 1862. 1st East Tennessee, 7th Kentucky, 16th Ohio, 49th Indiana, ist Battalion Kentucky Cavalry and a section of the 9th Ohio Battery. This force, Colonel Samuel P. Carter commanding, drove in the enemy's picket at Cumberland gap on the afternoon of the 21st and during the night placed his artillery in an advantageous position. Next morning the skirmishers compelled the Confederates in the wood to fall back into their intrenchments. Skirmishing was kept up all day and far into the next day. Carter having accomplished his object— that of ascertaining the strength of the enemy—withdrew his command on the afternoon of the 23d without having lost a man. The Confederates lost 4 wounded.


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, April 29, 1862. Detachment of 7th Division, Army of the Ohio. This engagement was a brisk skirmish between a reconnoitering party of the Federal force from Cumberland ford and a force of Confederates. The result was the retirement of the enemy. The casualties were 4 wounded on the Union side, and a number of the enemy killed and wounded.


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, June 18, 1862. 7th Division, Army of the Ohio. There was no engagement at Cumberland gap on this date. Brigadier- General George W. Morgan, with the 7th division, had been sent to drive the Confederates from the gap, but upon his approach they destroyed most of their stores and evacuated their works, the last of the column leaving at 10 a. m. and at 3 p. m. DeCourcy's brigade moved in and took peaceable possession.


Cumberland Gap., Tennessee, July 7, 1862. The only mention of this affair is the report of Brigadier-General John S. Williams (Confederate), who states that three companies of his cavalry had a fight with "a company of Yankee cavalry on the 7th instant within 8 miles of Cumberland gap. Killed 16 of them and captured their colors. * * Our loss none."


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, August 27, 1862. Detachment of 1st and 2nd Tennessee. Brigadier-General George W. Morgan, reporting under date of August 29, 1862, says: "On the 27th a small detachment from the 1st and 2nd Tennessee, commanded by Captains Meyers and Robbins, attacked and surprised a party of the enemy's cavalry, commanded by Acting Brigadier-General Allston of South Carolina. Allston, his colors, and 3 privates were captured. The enemy left 4 dead men upon the field and had a considerable number wounded. The affair was a complete surprise and we did not sustain any loss."


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, September 17, 1862. Evacuation of by U. S. Troops under General G. W. Morgan. On August 16 the Confederate forces under General Stevenson arrived in front of Cumberland gap, some 20,000 strong, and about the same time General Kirby Smith, with a force estimated at from 25,000 to 30,000 men, established himself at Barboursville. Morgan's forces at that time consisted of four brigades, numbering about 8,000 men, with 30 pieces of artillery. Morgan vainly appealed for reinforcements and supplies, and on September 9 advised Major-General Wright, commanding the department, "by eating mules we can hold out sixty days." On the 14th a council of war was held, at which it was unanimously decided that the only alternatives were evacuation or surrender. On the night of the 16th a large train was sent toward Manchester, Kentucky, under the convoy of the 33d Indiana, part of the 3d Kentucky, and the 9th Ohio battery. AH that night and during the day of the 17th the entire force was busy in making the final preparations for departure. At dark on the 17th the regular pickets were withdrawn, and Lieutenant-Colonel Gallup, with 200 picked men, undertook the task of holding the enemy at bay until the main column could get well on its way. About 10 p. m. the march was commenced. The mines that had been previously prepared under the roads were exploded, the buildings Page 333 fired, and all the guns that could not be removed were rendered useless. The Confederates, now fully aware of what was going on, advanced on the Cotterell and Tazewell roads, but were held in check by Gallup's men, every one of whom Was a skilled marksman. A little while before dawn on the 18th Gallup withdrew his line, ordered fire to be set to the buildings remaining, and with his own hand lighted the fuse that led to the principal magazine. Morgan directed his course toward the Ohio river, via of Manchester, Boonville, West Liberty and Grayson, and although he was harassed at various points along his line of retreat, particularly at Proctor, Hazel Green and Grayson, the column reached Greenupsburg on October 3, having lost but 80 men.


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, September 8-10, 1863. Troops of the Department of the Ohio. The Confederate garrison at Cumberland gap consisted of 2,500 men under the command of Brigadier-General John W. Frazer. Major-General Ambrose E. Burnside, commanding the Department of Ohio, determined upon the reduction of the place and sent Brigadier-General J. M. Shackelford with his cavalry brigade to invest the south side of the gap. At the same time a new division of infantry, commanded by Colonel J. F. De Courcy, was ordered to occupy the north side of the mountain. Shackelford reached his position at 8 a. m. on the 8th and immediately demanded the surrender of the garrison. This demand was refused and a few hours later De Courcy appeared on the north side of the gap and made similar demand. In the meantime Burnside himself, with Gilbert's brigade, Hascall's division, 23d corps, left Knoxville, and after a march of 60 miles in 52 hours joined the forces before the gap on the morning of the 9th. A third demand for the surrender of the garrison was now made and this time it was complied with, the entire Confederate force surrendering as prisoners of war. At the same time there fell into Burnside's hands 36 pieces of artillery, about 3,000 stands of small arms, large quantities of ammunition, commissary and quartermaster stores, etc. The occupation of Cumberland gap placed the Union forces in possession of all the important points in eastern Tennessee.


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, September 23, 1863.


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, November 12, 1863. 4th Battalion Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Colonel Wilson C. Lemert, commanding the post of Cumberland gap, learning that a Confederate force was in the vicinity of a wagon train which he had just sent out, started from the post with 100 cavalry. He arrived just in time to witness the capture of the train by about 75 Confederates under Captains Hurd and Dove. Lemert immediately charged, recaptured the entire train, captured all the prisoners killed 3, wounded 7 and captured 9 of the enemy. There were no casualties among the Union forces.


Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, January 29, 1864. Troops not stated. Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, February 22, 1864. One company of the 91st Indiana Mounted Infantry. This action really occurred at Wyerman's mill, on the Virginia side of the gap, and an account of it is given under that title. Cumberland Iron Works, Tennessee, August 26, 1862. 5th Iowa Cavalry. After finding that Major James H. Hart, to whose assistance he had gone, had repulsed the enemy at Fort Donelson on the 25th, Colonel W. W. Lowe next morning left that place with 150 of his men. At Cumberland iron works the Confederates were found to be in strong position. A few men were dismounted as skirmishers, two companies were sent to their support, a 6-pounder cannon, which was enfilading the Union line, was charged and captured and the enemy's cavalry put to flight. Finding it impossible to dislodge the infantry force and failing to draw it out, Lowe withdrew his command to Fort Donelson, having suffered a loss of 4 killed, 13 wounded and 5 captured. The Confederate casualties amounted to 35 killed and wounded.


Cumberland Iron Works, Tennessee, February 3, 1863. (See Fort Donelson.) Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee, December 9, 1863. Cumberland River, Kentucky, January 27, 1864. Scouts in the U. S. Service. Brigadier-General E. H. Hobson in a despatch from Lebanon, Kentucky, under date of January 29, says: ''Scouts sent to Cumberland river attacked Guerrilla Richardson, killed 2 of his men, charged them 15 miles, and scattered them in every direction; compelled them to abandon their goods."


Cumberland River, Kentucky, November , 1863. Scouting parties of Brigadier-General E. H. Hobson's command. General Hobson in a despatch from Munfordville under date of December 4, says: "My scouting parties on Cumberland have captured 15 rebels, and captured the notorious thief and rebel, Captain Belbo. My scouting parties are in all the border counties, doing good execution."


Cumberland River, Kentucky, March 19, 1864. Detachment of 13th Kentucky Cavalry. This engagement was a slight skirmish between a party of Union troops under Major Rigney and a Confederate force under Hamilton, resulting in the capture of Hamilton and 11 of his men, the killing of 3 and wounding of 2 of the enemy. No casualties were suffered by the Federals.


Cumberland River, Tennessee, November 8, 1862.


Cummings' Ferry, Kentucky, July 8, 1863. Kentucky Militia. During the famous Morgan raid into Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio, some of Morgan's men reached the Kentucky river at Cummings' ferry, where the passage of the stream was disputed by local troops. No detailed account of the affair is to be found in the official records of the war.


Cunningham's Bluff, South Carolina, November 24, 1863. Detachments Companies E and K, 1st South Carolina Colored Infantry. This command, after successfully liberating some 25 slaves belonging to a Mr. Heyward, was attacked by a superior force of the enemy. Fighting continued for some time before the Union force succeeded in getting off in the boats in which they had come. The Federal report says that several of the Confederates were killed, but Brigadier-General W. S. Walker makes no report of any casualties. The Federals lost 7 wounded.


Cunningham's Cross-Roads, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1863.


Curlew, U. S. S., May 25, 1864. (See naval volume.)


Currituck Bridge, Virginia, September 9, 1864. Guard of the Steamer Fawn. About 6 p. in. a body of 30 Confederates under a Colonel Hopkins attacked the guard of the U. S. mail steamer Fawn, and after some resistance succeeded in capturing and burning it. The guard, consisting of detachments of the 103d Pennsylvania and the 23d Massachusetts infantry, was all captured, except 2 men, 1 of whom was killed and the other wounded.


Currituck Canal, North Carolina, May 15, 1863. Steamers Emily and Arrow. The two steamers were captured by some of the Pasquotank guerrillas, led by a Captain Elliott, and taken to the Chowan river by way of Albemarle sound. Two gunboats, the Commodore Perry and Valley City, of Captain Flusser's squadron, were sent in pursuit, but the vessels were not recaptured.


Curtis' Creek, Tennessee, December 19, 1864. Curtis' Wells, Alabama, June 24, 1864. Detachments of 18th Michigan Infantry and 9th Ohio Cavalry. This engagement was the attack at 3:30 a. m. upon a Confederate camp by the Federal command under Major Edwin M. Hulburd. The affair resulted in a victory for the Union troops with the loss of 1 killed and 4 wounded. The enemy's casualties were 3 killed, 6 wounded and 1 taken prisoner. Cutterback's House, California, July 2, 1862. Detachment of 2nd California Cavalry. About 5 p. m. an attack was made upon the house of a Mr. Cutterback 2 miles from Cooper's mills on Van Dusen's creek by a band of Page 335 10 Indians. Sergt. Charles H. Eaton with a squad of men started to the relief of the place, but the Indians retreated to the woods immediately upon his arrival. The only casualty was the wounding of Mrs. Cutterback.


Cuyler's Plantation, Georgia, December 9, 1864. 14th Army Corps. On the morning of this day, in the Federal advance on Savannah, the 14th corps broke camp at Ebenezer Church and began the march with Morgan's division in the lead. At Dr. Cuyler's plantation, about 14 miles from Savannah, a Confederate battery was found formidably intrenched across the road at a point where there were swamps close by on either side. Colonel James VV. Langley, commanding the 3d brigade, was ordered to send the 125th Illinois infantry to develop the enemy's position. The regiment moved up to within 100 yards of the Confederate works without a shot being fired. The 86th Illinois was then ordered to support the other regiment, with instruction to endeavor to gain the Confederate rear. Owing to the mass of vines and the thick underbrush in the swamps the progress of the regiment was slow, and it was dark before the movement could be executed. During the night the Confederates withdrew, saving their cannon, and took up a position nearer the city. The Federal casualties were 1 killed and 2 wounded. The enemy's loss was not reported.


Cynthiana, Kentucky, July 17, 1862. Detachments of 18th Kentucky Infantry, 7th Kentucky Cavalry and of the Home Guards. The 340 men composing the garrison of this post were attacked by Morgan's command at 3 p. m. After the pickets had been driven in the Confederates commenced shelling the town. The only piece of artillery in the town was a 12-pounder brass cannon, which was placed in the public square, where it could be operated to command every road leading into the town. This piece managed to silence the enemy's artillery for a time, when a charge through the streets was made by Morgan's men and a company guarding one of the roads was driven back to the church and compelled to surrender. By this time the whole place was surrounded and Colonel John J. Landrani, commanding the garrison, ordered a retreat. The retiring force was so closely pressed by the Confederates that it was necessary for it to disband in order to escape. The Federal loss in the engagement was 17 killed and 34 wounded; the enemy's 24 killed and 78 wounded.


Cynthiana, Kentucky, June 11, 1864. (See Keller's Bridge, same date.)


Cynthiana, Kentucky, June 12, 1864. U. S. Troops under Brigadier-General S. G. Burbridge. As an incident of the raid into Kentucky of the Confederate forces under Major-General John H. Morgan, Cynthiana was taken by the enemy on Saturday, June 11. Late that same night General Burbridge with a force of 2,400 men moved out from Lexington. At 2:30 a. m. next day his advance under Major Tyler, of the 52nd Kentucky came up with the enemy's pickets some 2 miles from Cynthiana and drove them back upon their main line, which was held in check until the arrival of Burbridge with the main column. The troops were formed in line of battle and advanced on the town, driving the Confederates from their first line of battle. An order to charge was then given and the enemy steadily driven, except on the flanks where stone walls so hindered the cavalry attack that it was necessary to send reinforcements. The enemy's retreat soon became a rout, and he was forced to release the prisoners captured the day before. The Union loss was 150 killed and wounded; the Confederate casualties amounted to 300 killed and wounded and 400 captured. Cypress Bend, Arkansas, February 19, 1863. Expedition to Greenville and Cypress Bend. After moving to Cypress bend Brigadier-General Stephen G. Burbridge sent a detachment of the 6th Missouri cavalry and 50 mounted infantry under Major Bacon Montgomery on a reconnaissance. About 4 miles from the town Montgomery encountered and drove back to camp a Confederate picket, killing 1 man and capturing a lieutenant. Six miles farther on a Page 336 Confederate battery opened upon Montgomery's command, which compelled him to fall back to the banks of Cypress bayou. At this time the infantry came up and was deployed, but artillery had to be used before the enemy could be dislodged. Neither side reported its losses, although Burbridge mentions the killing of 3 of the enemy.


Cypress Bend, Mississippi, June 22, 1863. Union gunboats.


Cypress Bridge, Kentucky, November 17, 1861. Organization not recorded; Union loss, 10 killed and 15 wounded.


Cypress Creek, Arkansas, May 13, 1864. 3d Arkansas Cavalry. Major T. S. Clarkson with a detachment of the 3d Arkansas cavalry met a body of Shelby's men in Perry county, and a skirmish ensued, Clarkson driving the Confederates into and through their camp beyond Cypress creek, where they broke and fled in all directions. The Union reports make no mention of any casualties, but General Shelby says some do of the Federal force were killed or wounded, his own loss being 1 slightly wounded.


Cypress Creek, Arkansas, December 1, 1864. Detachment of 3d Arkansas Cavalry. Colonel A. H. Ryan of the 3d Arkansas cavalry, reporting under date of December 2. says: "Captain Marvin M. Gates, Company C. 3d Arkansas cavalry, was killed yesterday skirmishing with the enemy near Cypress creek, Perry county, nine miles from this place. Captain Gates with two men was in the advance and came upon five of the enemy, who left the road and took the bushes. Gates charged and fell. None of the enemy escaped."


Cypress Creek, Louisiana, March 8, 1864. Cypress Swamp, Georgia, December 7, 1864. (See Ebenezer Creek.)


Cypress Swamp, Missouri, December 14, 1864. Detachment of the 2nd Missouri Militia Cavalry. Colonel John B, Rogers reported from Cape Girardeau on the 15th as follows: "Captain Tanner, commanding at Commerce, killed 3 guerrillas and took their arms in Cypress swamp yesterday. One escaped. No prisoners."


Cypress Swamp, Tennessee, April 3, 10, 1864.